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Semagn K, Henriquez MA, Iqbal M, Brûlé-Babel AL, Strenzke K, Ciechanowska I, Navabi A, N’Diaye A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Identification of Fusarium head blight sources of resistance and associated QTLs in historical and modern Canadian spring wheat. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1190358. [PMID: 37680355 PMCID: PMC10482112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1190358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one the most globally destructive fungal diseases in wheat and other small grains, causing a reduction in grain yield by 10-70%. The present study was conducted in a panel of historical and modern Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and lines to identify new sources of FHB resistance and map associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). We evaluated 249 varieties and lines for reaction to disease incidence, severity, and visual rating index (VRI) in seven environments by artificially spraying a mixture of four Fusarium graminearum isolates. A subset of 198 them were genotyped with the Wheat 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) array. Genome-wide association mapping performed on the overall best linear unbiased estimators (BLUE) computed from all seven environments and the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v2.0 physical map of 26,449 polymorphic SNPs out of the 90K identified sixteen FHB resistance QTLs that individually accounted for 5.7-10.2% of the phenotypic variance. The positions of two of the FHB resistance QTLs overlapped with plant height and flowering time QTLs. Four of the QTLs (QFhb.dms-3B.1, QFhb.dms-5A.5, QFhb.dms-5A.7, and QFhb.dms-6A.4) were simultaneously associated with disease incidence, severity, and VRI, which accounted for 27.0-33.2% of the total phenotypic variance in the combined environments. Three of the QTLs (QFhb.dms-2A.2, QFhb.dms-2D.2, and QFhb.dms-5B.8) were associated with both incidence and VRI and accounted for 20.5-22.1% of the total phenotypic variance. In comparison with the VRI of the checks, we identified four highly resistant and thirty-three moderately resistant lines and varieties. The new FHB sources of resistance and the physical map of the associated QTLs would provide wheat breeders valuable information towards their efforts in developing improved varieties in western Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Strenzke
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Izabela Ciechanowska
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alireza Navabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mahal HF, Barber-Cross T, Brown C, Spaner D, Cahill JF. Changes in the Amount and Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Neighbours Have Differential Impacts on Root and Shoot Architecture in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2527. [PMID: 37447087 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit differential behaviours through changes in biomass development and distribution in response to environmental cues, which may impact crops uniquely. We conducted a mesocosm experiment in pots to determine the root and shoot behavioural responses of wheat, T. aestivum. Plants were grown in homogeneous or heterogeneous and heavily or lightly fertilized soil, and alone or with a neighbour of the same or different genetic identity (cultivars: CDC Titanium, Carberry, Glenn, Go Early, and Lillian). Contrary to predictions, wheat did not alter relative reproductive effort in the presence of neighbours, more nutrients, or homogenous soil. Above and below ground, the plants' tendency to use potentially shared space exhibited high levels of plasticity. Above ground, they generally avoided shared, central aerial space when grown with neighbours. Unexpectedly, nutrient amount and distribution also impacted shoots; plants that grew in fertile or homogenous environments increased shared space use. Below ground, plants grown with related neighbours indicated no difference in neighbour avoidance. Those in homogenous soil produced relatively even roots, and plants in heterogeneous treatments produced more roots in nutrient patches. Additionally, less fertile soil resulted in pot-level decreases in root foraging precision. Our findings illustrate that explicit coordination between above- and belowground biomass in wheat may not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habba F Mahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Tianna Barber-Cross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Charlotte Brown
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - James F Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Iqbal M, Semagn K, Jarquin D, Randhawa H, McCallum BD, Howard R, Aboukhaddour R, Ciechanowska I, Strenzke K, Crossa J, Céron-Rojas JJ, N’Diaye A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Identification of Disease Resistance Parents and Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Resistance in Spring Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2905. [PMID: 36365358 PMCID: PMC9658635 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The likelihood of success in developing modern cultivars depend on multiple factors, including the identification of suitable parents to initiate new crosses, and characterizations of genomic regions associated with target traits. The objectives of the present study were to (a) determine the best economic weights of four major wheat diseases (leaf spot, common bunt, leaf rust, and stripe rust) and grain yield for multi-trait restrictive linear phenotypic selection index (RLPSI), (b) select the top 10% cultivars and lines (hereafter referred as genotypes) with better resistance to combinations of the four diseases and acceptable grain yield as potential parents, and (c) map genomic regions associated with resistance to each disease using genome-wide association study (GWAS). A diversity panel of 196 spring wheat genotypes was evaluated for their reaction to stripe rust at eight environments, leaf rust at four environments, leaf spot at three environments, common bunt at two environments, and grain yield at five environments. The panel was genotyped with the Wheat 90K SNP array and a few KASP SNPs of which we used 23,342 markers for statistical analyses. The RLPSI analysis performed by restricting the expected genetic gain for yield displayed significant (p < 0.05) differences among the 3125 economic weights. Using the best four economic weights, a subset of 22 of the 196 genotypes were selected as potential parents with resistance to the four diseases and acceptable grain yield. GWAS identified 37 genomic regions, which included 12 for common bunt, 13 for leaf rust, 5 for stripe rust, and 7 for leaf spot. Each genomic region explained from 6.6 to 16.9% and together accounted for 39.4% of the stripe rust, 49.1% of the leaf spot, 94.0% of the leaf rust, and 97.9% of the common bunt phenotypic variance combined across all environments. Results from this study provide valuable information for wheat breeders selecting parental combinations for new crosses to develop improved germplasm with enhanced resistance to the four diseases as well as the physical positions of genomic regions that confer resistance, which facilitates direct comparisons for independent mapping studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Diego Jarquin
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brent D. McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Reka Howard
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Reem Aboukhaddour
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Izabela Ciechanowska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Klaus Strenzke
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - José Crossa
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera, Veracruz 52640, Mexico
| | - J. Jesus Céron-Rojas
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera, Veracruz 52640, Mexico
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Semagn K, Crossa J, Cuevas J, Iqbal M, Ciechanowska I, Henriquez MA, Randhawa H, Beres BL, Aboukhaddour R, McCallum BD, Brûlé-Babel AL, N'Diaye A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Comparison of single-trait and multi-trait genomic predictions on agronomic and disease resistance traits in spring wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:2747-2767. [PMID: 35737008 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study performed comprehensive analyses on the predictive abilities of single-trait and two multi-trait models in three populations. Our results demonstrated the superiority of multi-traits over single-trait models across seven agronomic and four to seven disease resistance traits of different genetic architecture. The predictive ability of multi-trait and single-trait prediction models has not been investigated on diverse traits evaluated under organic and conventional management systems. Here, we compared the predictive abilities of 25% of a testing set that has not been evaluated for a single trait (ST), not evaluated for multi-traits (MT1), and evaluated for some traits but not others (MT2) in three spring wheat populations genotyped either with the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms array or DArTseq. Analyses were performed on seven agronomic traits evaluated under conventional and organic management systems, four to seven disease resistance traits, and all agronomic and disease resistance traits simultaneously. The average prediction accuracies of the ST, MT1, and MT2 models varied from 0.03 to 0.78 (mean 0.41), from 0.05 to 0.82 (mean 0.47), and from 0.05 to 0.92 (mean 0.67), respectively. The predictive ability of the MT2 model was significantly greater than the ST model in all traits and populations except common bunt with the MT1 model being intermediate between them. The MT2 model increased prediction accuracies over the ST and MT1 models in all traits by 9.0-82.4% (mean 37.3%) and 2.9-82.5% (mean 25.7%), respectively, except common bunt that showed up to 7.7% smaller accuracies in two populations. A joint analysis of all agronomic and disease resistance traits further improved accuracies within the MT1 and MT2 models on average by 21.4% and 17.4%, respectively, as compared to either the agronomic or disease resistance traits, demonstrating the high potential of the multi-traits models in improving prediction accuracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Izabela Ciechanowska
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brian L Beres
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Reem Aboukhaddour
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brent D McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Anita L Brûlé-Babel
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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5
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Semagn K, Iqbal M, Crossa J, Jarquin D, Howard R, Chen H, Bemister DH, Beres BL, Randhawa H, N'Diaye A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Genome-based prediction of agronomic traits in spring wheat under conventional and organic management systems. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:537-552. [PMID: 34724078 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using phenotype data of three spring wheat populations evaluated at 6-15 environments under two management systems, we found moderate to very high prediction accuracies across seven traits. The phenotype data collected under an organic management system effectively predicted the performance of lines in the conventional management and vice versa. There is growing interest in developing wheat cultivars specifically for organic agriculture, but we are not aware of the effect of organic management on the predictive ability of genomic selection (GS). Here, we evaluated within populations prediction accuracies of four GS models, four combinations of training and testing sets, three reaction norm models, and three random cross-validations (CV) schemes in three populations phenotyped under organic and conventional management systems. Our study was based on a total of 578 recombinant inbred lines and varieties from three spring wheat populations, which were evaluated for seven traits at 3-9 conventionally and 3-6 organically managed field environments and genotyped either with the wheat 90 K SNP array or DArTseq. We predicted the management systems (CV0M) or environments (CV0), a subset of lines that have been evaluated in either management (CV2M) or some environments (CV2), and the performance of newly developed lines in either management (CV1M) or environments (CV1). The average prediction accuracies of the model that incorporated genotype × environment interactions with CV0 and CV2 schemes varied from 0.69 to 0.97. In the CV1 and CV1M schemes, prediction accuracies ranged from - 0.12 to 0.77 depending on the reaction norm models, the traits, and populations. In most cases, grain protein showed the highest prediction accuracies. The phenotype data collected under the organic management effectively predicted the performance of lines under conventional management and vice versa. This is the first comprehensive GS study that investigated the effect of the organic management system in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Diego Jarquin
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Reka Howard
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Darcy H Bemister
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Brian L Beres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Dhariwal R, Hiebert CW, Sorrells ME, Spaner D, Graf RJ, Singh J, Randhawa HS. Mapping pre-harvest sprouting resistance loci in AAC Innova × AAC Tenacious spring wheat population. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:900. [PMID: 34911435 PMCID: PMC8675488 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a major problem for wheat production due to its direct detrimental effects on wheat yield, end-use quality and seed viability. Annually, PHS is estimated to cause > 1.0 billion USD in losses worldwide. Therefore, identifying PHS resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is crucial to aid molecular breeding efforts to minimize losses. Thus, a doubled haploid mapping population derived from a cross between white-grained PHS susceptible cv AAC Innova and red-grained resistant cv AAC Tenacious was screened for PHS resistance in four environments and utilized for QTL mapping. Results Twenty-one PHS resistance QTLs, including seven major loci (on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, and 7D), each explaining ≥10% phenotypic variation for PHS resistance, were identified. In every environment, at least one major QTL was identified. PHS resistance at most of these loci was contributed by AAC Tenacious except at two loci on chromosomes 3D and 7D where it was contributed by AAC Innova. Thirteen of the total twenty-one identified loci were located to chromosome positions where at least one QTL have been previously identified in other wheat genotype(s). The remaining eight QTLs are new which have been identified for the first time in this study. Pedigree analysis traced several known donors of PHS resistance in AAC Tenacious genealogy. Comparative analyses of the genetic intervals of identified QTLs with that of already identified and cloned PHS resistance gene intervals using IWGSC RefSeq v2.0 identified MFT-A1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.1) and AGO802A (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.2) on chromosome 3A, MFT-3B-1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3B.1) on chromosome 3B, and AGO802D, HUB1, TaVp1-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.1) and TaMyb10-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.2) on chromosome 3D. These candidate genes are involved in embryo- and seed coat-imposed dormancy as well as in epigenetic control of dormancy. Conclusions Our results revealed the complex PHS resistance genetics of AAC Tenacious and AAC Innova. AAC Tenacious possesses a great reservoir of important PHS resistance QTLs/genes supposed to be derived from different resources. The tracing of pedigrees of AAC Tenacious and other sources complements the validation of QTL analysis results. Finally, comparing our results with previous PHS studies in wheat, we have confirmed the position of several major PHS resistance QTLs and candidate genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08209-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Colin W Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Robert J Graf
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Harpinder S Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Semagn K, Iqbal M, Alachiotis N, N'Diaye A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Genetic diversity and selective sweeps in historical and modern Canadian spring wheat cultivars using the 90K SNP array. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23773. [PMID: 34893626 PMCID: PMC8664822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous molecular characterization studies conducted in Canadian wheat cultivars shed some light on the impact of plant breeding on genetic diversity, but the number of varieties and markers used was small. Here, we used 28,798 markers of the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms to (a) assess the extent of genetic diversity, relationship, population structure, and divergence among 174 historical and modern Canadian spring wheat varieties registered from 1905 to 2018 and 22 unregistered lines (hereinafter referred to as cultivars), and (b) identify genomic regions that had undergone selection. About 91% of the pairs of cultivars differed by 20-40% of the scored alleles, but only 7% of the pairs had kinship coefficients of < 0.250, suggesting the presence of a high proportion of redundancy in allelic composition. Although the 196 cultivars represented eight wheat classes, our results from phylogenetic, principal component, and the model-based population structure analyses revealed three groups, with no clear structure among most wheat classes, breeding programs, and breeding periods. FST statistics computed among different categorical variables showed little genetic differentiation (< 0.05) among breeding periods and breeding programs, but a diverse level of genetic differentiation among wheat classes and predicted groups. Diversity indices were the highest and lowest among cultivars registered from 1970 to 1980 and from 2011 to 2018, respectively. Using two outlier detection methods, we identified from 524 to 2314 SNPs and 41 selective sweeps of which some are close to genes with known phenotype, including plant height, photoperiodism, vernalization, gluten strength, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Alachiotis
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 3230, Enschede, OV, The Netherlands
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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8
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Semagn K, Iqbal M, Chen H, Perez-Lara E, Bemister DH, Xiang R, Zou J, Asif M, Kamran A, N'Diaye A, Randhawa H, Beres BL, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Physical mapping of QTL associated with agronomic and end-use quality traits in spring wheat under conventional and organic management systems. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3699-3719. [PMID: 34333664 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using phenotypic data of four biparental spring wheat populations evaluated at multiple environments under two management systems, we discovered 152 QTL and 22 QTL hotspots, of which two QTL accounted for up to 37% and 58% of the phenotypic variance, consistently detected in all environments, and fell within genomic regions harboring known genes. Identification of the physical positions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) would be highly useful for developing functional markers and comparing QTL results across multiple independent studies. The objectives of the present study were to map and characterize QTL associated with nine agronomic and end-use quality traits (tillering ability, plant height, lodging, grain yield, grain protein content, thousand kernel weight, test weight, sedimentation volume, and falling number) in hard red spring wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) using the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v2.0 physical map. We evaluated a total of 698 RILs from four populations derived from crosses involving seven parents at 3-8 conventionally (high N) and organically (low N) managed field environments. Using the phenotypic data combined across all environments per management, and the physical map between 1058 and 6526 markers per population, we identified 152 QTL associated with the nine traits, of which 29 had moderate and 2 with major effects. Forty-nine of the 152 QTL mapped across 22 QTL hotspot regions with each region coincident to 2-6 traits. Some of the QTL hotspots were physically located close to known genes. QSv.dms-1A and QPht.dms-4B.1 individually explained up to 37% and 58% of the variation in sedimentation volume and plant height, respectively, and had very large LOD scores that varied from 19.0 to 35.7 and from 16.7 to 55.9, respectively. We consistently detected both QTL in the combined and all individual environments, laying solid ground for further characterization and possibly for cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Enid Perez-Lara
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Darcy H Bemister
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rongrong Xiang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Heartland Plant Innovations, Kansas Wheat Innovation Center, 1990 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Atif Kamran
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Botany, Seed Centre, The University of Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Agriculture, and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brian L Beres
- Agriculture, and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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9
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Semagn K, Iqbal M, Chen H, Perez-Lara E, Bemister DH, Xiang R, Zou J, Asif M, Kamran A, N'Diaye A, Randhawa H, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Physical Mapping of QTL in Four Spring Wheat Populations under Conventional and Organic Management Systems. I. Earliness. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10050853. [PMID: 33922551 PMCID: PMC8144964 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the heading, flowering, and maturity time in four hard red spring wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations but the results are scattered in population-specific genetic maps, which is challenging to exploit efficiently in breeding. Here, we mapped and characterized QTL associated with these three earliness traits using the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v2.0 physical map. Our data consisted of (i) 6526 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two traits evaluated at five conventionally managed environments in the 'Cutler' × 'AC Barrie' population; (ii) 3158 SNPs and two traits evaluated across three organic and seven conventional managements in the 'Attila' × 'CDC Go' population; (iii) 5731 SilicoDArT and SNP markers and the three traits evaluated at four conventional and organic management systems in the 'Peace' × 'Carberry' population; and (iv) 1058 SNPs and two traits evaluated across two conventionally and organically managed environments in the 'Peace' × 'CDC Stanley' population. Using composite interval mapping, the phenotypic data across all environments, and the IWGSC RefSeq v2.0 physical maps, we identified a total of 44 QTL associated with days to heading (11), flowering (10), and maturity (23). Fifteen of the 44 QTL were common to both conventional and organic management systems, and the remaining QTL were specific to either the conventional (21) or organic (8) management systems. Some QTL harbor known genes, including the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Rht-A1, and Rht-B1 that regulate photoperiodism, flowering time, and plant height in wheat, which lays a solid basis for cloning and further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Enid Perez-Lara
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Darcy H Bemister
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rongrong Xiang
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Heartland Plant Innovations, Kansas Wheat Innovation Center, 1990 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Atif Kamran
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Seed Centre, Department of Botany, The University of Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Xu YY, Liu H, Su L, Xu N, Xu DH, Liu HY, Spaner D, Bed-David Y, Li YJ. PPARγ inhibits breast cancer progression by upregulating PTPRF expression. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:9965-9977. [PMID: 31799666 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201911_19563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Recently, PPARγ has been reported to be involved in cancer. The present study reported a PPARγ consensus binding site (AGGTCA) in the ptprf promoter and identified a strong association between PPARγ and PTPRF expression, as well as their tumor suppressor roles in a v-Ha-Ras-induced model of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prognostic potential of PPARγ was assessed with a KM analysis of raw data from 3,951 breast cancer patients. The expression of PPARγ and PTPRF in the rat breast cancer cell lines was detected by Western blot and qPCR. The impact of PPARγ on cancer cell migration, invasion, and growth was confirmed using cell migration assay, transwell cell invasion assay, tri-dimensional soft agar culture, respectively. The binding of PPARγ with the ptprf promoter was then examined using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The inhibitory effect of PPARγ on tumor growth was then examined in mouse tumor model in vivo. RESULTS It was identified that PPARγ expression is lost in the aggressive v-Ha-Ras-induced breast cancer cell line FE1.2 but highly expressed in less malignant FE1.3 cells. Exogenous expression of PPARγ in FE1.2 cells (FE1.2-PPARγhi) resulted in a marked inhibition of proliferation compared with that in FE1.2-Vector control group. FE1.2-PPARγhi cells also exhibited reduced migration, invasion, and colony formation abilities compared with those of the controls. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone also suppressed the malignant properties of FE1.2 cells. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor F (PTPRF), a downstream target of PPARγ, was markedly induced in FE1.2-PPARγhi cells. A PPARγ consensus binding site (AGGTCA) was identified in the ptprf promoter, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that PPARγ bind to this promoter. Similar to the effect of vector-mediated overexpression of PPARγ, ectopic overexpression of PTPRF in FE1.2 cells led to reduced proliferation. Furthermore, a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) and PTP inhibitor (NSC87877) abrogated the suppressive function of PPARγ and PTPRF in FE1.2 cells, respectively. PPARγ overexpression or activation suppressed the progression and distant organ metastasis of breast cancer cells in a NOD/SCID mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PPARγ inhibits tumor cell proliferation, at least in part, through direct regulation of the ptprf gene and that PPARγ is a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic College of Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R., China.
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11
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Thambugala D, Brûlé-Babel AL, Blackwell BA, Fedak G, Foster AJ, MacEachern D, Gilbert J, Henriquez MA, Martin RA, McCallum BD, Spaner D, Iqbal M, Pozniak CJ, N'Diaye A, McCartney CA. Genetic analyses of native Fusarium head blight resistance in two spring wheat populations identifies QTL near the B1, Ppd-D1, Rht-1, Vrn-1, Fhb1, Fhb2, and Fhb5 loci. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:2775-2796. [PMID: 32556394 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
QTL analyses of two bi-parental mapping populations with AC Barrie as a parent revealed numerous FHB-resistance QTL unique to each population and uncovered novel variation near Fhb1. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide, leading to severe yield and quality losses. The genetic basis of native FHB resistance was examined in two populations: a recombinant inbred line population from the cross Cutler/AC Barrie and a doubled haploid (DH) population from the cross AC Barrie/Reeder. Numerous QTL were detected among the two mapping populations with many being cross-specific. Photoperiod insensitivity at Ppd-D1 and dwarfing at Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 was associated with increased FHB susceptibility. Anthesis date QTL at or near the Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 loci co-located with major FHB-resistance QTL in the AC Barrie/Reeder population. The loci were epistatic for both traits, such that DH lines with both late alleles were considerably later to anthesis and had reduced FHB symptoms (i.e., responsible for the epistatic interaction). Interestingly, AC Barrie contributed FHB resistance near the Fhb1 locus in the Cutler population and susceptibility in the Reeder population. Analyses of the Fhb1 candidate genes PFT and TaHRC confirmed that AC Barrie, Cutler, and Reeder do not carry the Sumai-3 Fhb1 gene. Resistance QTL were also detected at the expected locations of Fhb2 and Fhb5. The native FHB-resistance QTL detected near Fhb1, Fhb2, and Fhb5 do not appear to be as effective as Fhb1, Fhb2, and Fhb5 from Sumai-3. The presence of awns segregated at the B1 awn inhibitor locus in both populations, but was only associated with FHB resistance in the Cutler/AC Barrie population suggesting linkage caused the association rather than pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushika Thambugala
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Anita L Brûlé-Babel
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Barbara A Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - George Fedak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Adam J Foster
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Dan MacEachern
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Jeannie Gilbert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Richard A Martin
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Brent D McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Curtis J Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curt A McCartney
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada.
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12
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Bokore FE, Knox RE, Cuthbert RD, Pozniak CJ, McCallum BD, N’Diaye A, DePauw RM, Campbell HL, Munro C, Singh A, Hiebert CW, McCartney CA, Sharpe AG, Singh AK, Spaner D, Fowler DB, Ruan Y, Berraies S, Meyer B. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with leaf rust resistance in five spring wheat populations using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230855. [PMID: 32267842 PMCID: PMC7141615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L) varieties is an important strategy for the control of leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. This study sought to identify the chromosomal location and effects of leaf rust resistance loci in five Canadian spring wheat cultivars. The parents and doubled haploid lines of crosses Carberry/AC Cadillac, Carberry/Vesper, Vesper/Lillian, Vesper/Stettler and Stettler/Red Fife were assessed for leaf rust severity and infection response in field nurseries in Canada near Swift Current, SK from 2013 to 2015, Morden, MB from 2015 to 2017 and Brandon, MB in 2016, and in New Zealand near Lincoln in 2014. The populations were genotyped with the 90K Infinium iSelect assay and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed. A high density consensus map generated based on 14 doubled haploid populations and integrating SNP and SSR markers was used to compare QTL identified in different populations. AC Cadillac contributed QTL on chromosomes 2A, 3B and 7B (2 loci), Carberry on 1A, 2B (2 loci), 2D, 4B (2 loci), 5A, 6A, 7A and 7D, Lillian on 4A and 7D, Stettler on 2D and 6B, Vesper on 1B, 1D, 2A, 6B and 7B (2 loci), and Red Fife on 7A and 7B. Lillian contributed to a novel locus QLr.spa-4A, and similarly Carberry at QLr.spa-5A. The discovery of novel leaf rust resistance QTL QLr.spa-4A and QLr.spa-5A, and several others in contemporary Canada Western Red Spring wheat varieties is a tremendous addition to our present knowledge of resistance gene deployment in breeding. Carberry demonstrated substantial stacking of genes which could be supplemented with the genes identified in other cultivars with the expectation of increasing efficacy of resistance to leaf rust and longevity with little risk of linkage drag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdissa E Bokore
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
| | - Ron E. Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
- * E-mail: (REK); (RDC); (CJP)
| | - Richard D. Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
- * E-mail: (REK); (RDC); (CJP)
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail: (REK); (RDC); (CJP)
| | - Brent D. McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Canada
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Heather L. Campbell
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
| | - Catherine Munro
- Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Canada
| | - Curt A. McCartney
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Sharpe
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10N Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D. B. Fowler
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
| | - Samia Berraies
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
| | - Brad Meyer
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
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13
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Berinstein N, Smyth L, Pennell N, Weerasinghe R, Cheung M, Imrie K, Spaner D, Chodirker L, Piliotis E, Milliken V, Boudreau A, Zhang L, Reis M, Chesney A, Good D, Ghorab Z, Buckstein R. PROLONGED MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL REMISSIONS IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH HDT/ASCT AND COMBINATION IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH RITUXIMAB AND INTERFERON α. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2439_120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Berinstein
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - L. Smyth
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - N. Pennell
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - R. Weerasinghe
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - M. Cheung
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - K. Imrie
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - D. Spaner
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - L. Chodirker
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - E. Piliotis
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - V. Milliken
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - A. Boudreau
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - L. Zhang
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - M. Reis
- Laboratory Medicine; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - A. Chesney
- Laboratory Medicine; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - D. Good
- Pathology; Kingston General Hospital; Kingston Canada
| | - Z. Ghorab
- Laboratory Medicine; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
| | - R. Buckstein
- Hematology Oncology; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Canada
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14
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Zou J, Semagn K, Iqbal M, Chen H, Asif M, N’Diaye A, Navabi A, Perez-Lara E, Pozniak C, Yang RC, Randhawa H, Spaner D. QTLs associated with agronomic traits in the Attila × CDC Go spring wheat population evaluated under conventional management. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171528. [PMID: 28158253 PMCID: PMC5291526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we investigated the effect of the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) array and three gene-specific (Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1 and Rht-B1) markers on quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection in a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', and evaluated for eight agronomic traits at three environments under organic management. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of conventional management on QTL detection in the same mapping population using the same set of markers as the organic management and compare the results with organic management. Here, we evaluated 167 RILs for number of tillers (tillering), flowering time, maturity, plant height, test weight (grain volume weight), 1000 kernel weight, grain yield, and grain protein content at seven conventionally managed environments from 2008 to 2014. Using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) on phenotypic data averaged across seven environments and a subset of 1203 informative markers (1200 SNPs and 3 gene specific markers), we identified a total of 14 QTLs associated with flowering time (1), maturity (2), plant height (1), grain yield (1), test weight (2), kernel weight (4), tillering (1) and grain protein content (2). Each QTL individually explained from 6.1 to 18.4% of the phenotypic variance. Overall, the QTLs associated with each trait explained from 9.7 to 35.4% of the phenotypic and from 22.1 to 90.8% of the genetic variance. Three chromosomal regions on chromosomes 2D (61-66 cM), 4B (80-82 cM) and 5A (296-297 cM) harbored clusters of QTLs associated with two to three traits. The coincidental region on chromosome 5A harbored QTL clusters for both flowering and maturity time, and mapped about 2 cM proximal to the Vrn-A1 gene, which was in high linkage disequilibrium (0.70 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.75) with SNP markers that mapped within the QTL confidence interval. Six of the 14 QTLs (one for flowering time and plant height each, and two for maturity and kernel weight each) were common between the conventional and organic management systems, which suggests issues in directly utilizing gene discovery results based on conventional management to make in detail selection (decision) for organic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Heartland Plant Innovations, Kansas Wheat Innovation Center, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Alireza Navabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enid Perez-Lara
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Rong-Cai Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, St. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Perez-Lara E, Semagn K, Chen H, Iqbal M, N’Diaye A, Kamran A, Navabi A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. QTLs Associated with Agronomic Traits in the Cutler × AC Barrie Spring Wheat Mapping Population Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Markers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160623. [PMID: 27513976 PMCID: PMC4981373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported three earliness per se quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with flowering and maturity in a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Cutler’ and ‘AC Barrie’ using 488 microsatellite and diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. Here, we present QTLs associated with flowering time, maturity, plant height, and grain yield using high density single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers in the same population. A mapping population of 158 RILs and the two parents were evaluated at five environments for flowering, maturity, plant height and grain yield under field conditions, at two greenhouse environments for flowering, and genotyped with a subset of 1809 SNPs out of the 90K SNP array and 2 functional markers (Ppd-D1 and Rht-D1). Using composite interval mapping on the combined phenotype data across all environments, we identified a total of 19 QTLs associated with flowering time in greenhouse (5), and field (6) conditions, maturity (5), grain yield (2) and plant height (1). We mapped these QTLs on 8 chromosomes and they individually explained between 6.3 and 37.8% of the phenotypic variation. Four of the 19 QTLs were associated with multiple traits, including a QTL on 2D associated with flowering, maturity and grain yield; two QTLs on 4A and 7A associated with flowering and maturity, and another QTL on 4D associated with maturity and plant height. However, only the QTLs on both 2D and 4D had major effects, and they mapped adjacent to well-known photoperiod response Ppd-D1 and height reducing Rht-D1 genes, respectively. The QTL on 2D reduced flowering and maturity time up to 5 days with a yield penalty of 436 kg ha-1, while the QTL on 4D reduced plant height by 13 cm, but increased maturity by 2 days. The high density SNPs allowed us to map eight moderate effect, two major effect, and nine minor effect QTLs that were not identified in our previous study using microsatellite and DArT markers. Results from this study provide additional information to wheat researchers developing early maturing and short stature spring wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Perez-Lara
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Atif Kamran
- Seed Centre, Department of Botany, The University of Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Alireza Navabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4–10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Perez-Lara E, Semagn K, Chen H, Iqbal M, N'Diaye A, Kamran A, Navabi A, Pozniak C, Spaner D. QTLs Associated with Agronomic Traits in the Cutler × AC Barrie Spring Wheat Mapping Population Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Markers. PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 27513976 DOI: 10.1371/journalpone0160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported three earliness per se quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with flowering and maturity in a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars 'Cutler' and 'AC Barrie' using 488 microsatellite and diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. Here, we present QTLs associated with flowering time, maturity, plant height, and grain yield using high density single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers in the same population. A mapping population of 158 RILs and the two parents were evaluated at five environments for flowering, maturity, plant height and grain yield under field conditions, at two greenhouse environments for flowering, and genotyped with a subset of 1809 SNPs out of the 90K SNP array and 2 functional markers (Ppd-D1 and Rht-D1). Using composite interval mapping on the combined phenotype data across all environments, we identified a total of 19 QTLs associated with flowering time in greenhouse (5), and field (6) conditions, maturity (5), grain yield (2) and plant height (1). We mapped these QTLs on 8 chromosomes and they individually explained between 6.3 and 37.8% of the phenotypic variation. Four of the 19 QTLs were associated with multiple traits, including a QTL on 2D associated with flowering, maturity and grain yield; two QTLs on 4A and 7A associated with flowering and maturity, and another QTL on 4D associated with maturity and plant height. However, only the QTLs on both 2D and 4D had major effects, and they mapped adjacent to well-known photoperiod response Ppd-D1 and height reducing Rht-D1 genes, respectively. The QTL on 2D reduced flowering and maturity time up to 5 days with a yield penalty of 436 kg ha-1, while the QTL on 4D reduced plant height by 13 cm, but increased maturity by 2 days. The high density SNPs allowed us to map eight moderate effect, two major effect, and nine minor effect QTLs that were not identified in our previous study using microsatellite and DArT markers. Results from this study provide additional information to wheat researchers developing early maturing and short stature spring wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Perez-Lara
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kassa Semagn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Amidou N'Diaye
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Atif Kamran
- Seed Centre, Department of Botany, The University of Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Alireza Navabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Zhang MA, Ahn JJ, Zhao FL, Selvanantham T, Mallevaey T, Stock N, Correa L, Clark R, Spaner D, Dunn SE. Antagonizing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity Selectively Enhances Th1 Immunity in Male Mice. The Journal of Immunology 2015; 195:5189-202. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Asif M, Eudes F, Randhawa H, Amundsen E, Yanke J, Spaner D. Cefotaxime prevents microbial contamination and improves microspore embryogenesis in wheat and triticale. Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32:1637-1646. [PMID: 23896731 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-013-9514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cefotaxime (100 mg/l) mitigate occasional gram negative bacterial contamination in wheat and triticale microspore culture and most importantly it increases cell growth and green plant production. Isolated microspore culture is a promising option to rapidly fix the product of meiotic recombination of F1 hybrids, in the process of varietal development. Clean culture and high embryogenesis rate are essential to commercial triticale and wheat microspore cultures. So, this study investigated (1) contaminants from isolated microspores cultures, (2) two antibiotics to control bacterial growth, and (3) the contribution of antibiotics to increased microspore-derived embryo-like structures (ELS), green and albino plants. Five species of bacteria were identified in contaminated cultures (Erwinia aphidicola, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus warneri) using fatty acid analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences analysis, and yeast. Antibacterial susceptibility test using Cefotaxime and Vancomycin resulted in strong inhibition of 24 bacterial isolates, using Cefotaxime at 100 mg/l, but not Pseudomonas sp. Other antibiotic treatments inhibited bacterial growth at least partially. Microspore induction medium supplemented with the same antibiotics treatments resulted in successful microspore embryogenesis and green plant production. Antibiotic treatments were first tested in triticale and then validated in wheat cultivars AC Carberry and AC Andrew. Induction medium supplemented with Cefotaxime at 50 and 100 mg/l substantially increased the formation of ELS and green plants in triticale and wheat, respectively. Incidentally, it also affected the occurrence of albinism in all genotypes. Our results demonstrated dual purpose of Cefotaxime for isolated microspore culture, most importantly it increases cell growth and success of microspore cultures in triticale and wheat genotypes, but would also prevent accidental loss of cultures with most common bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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19
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Asif M, Eudes F, Randhawa H, Amundsen E, Yanke J, Spaner D. Cefotaxime prevents microbial contamination and improves microspore embryogenesis in wheat and triticale. Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32:1637-46. [PMID: 23896731 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cefotaxime (100 mg/l) mitigate occasional gram negative bacterial contamination in wheat and triticale microspore culture and most importantly it increases cell growth and green plant production. Isolated microspore culture is a promising option to rapidly fix the product of meiotic recombination of F1 hybrids, in the process of varietal development. Clean culture and high embryogenesis rate are essential to commercial triticale and wheat microspore cultures. So, this study investigated (1) contaminants from isolated microspores cultures, (2) two antibiotics to control bacterial growth, and (3) the contribution of antibiotics to increased microspore-derived embryo-like structures (ELS), green and albino plants. Five species of bacteria were identified in contaminated cultures (Erwinia aphidicola, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus warneri) using fatty acid analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences analysis, and yeast. Antibacterial susceptibility test using Cefotaxime and Vancomycin resulted in strong inhibition of 24 bacterial isolates, using Cefotaxime at 100 mg/l, but not Pseudomonas sp. Other antibiotic treatments inhibited bacterial growth at least partially. Microspore induction medium supplemented with the same antibiotics treatments resulted in successful microspore embryogenesis and green plant production. Antibiotic treatments were first tested in triticale and then validated in wheat cultivars AC Carberry and AC Andrew. Induction medium supplemented with Cefotaxime at 50 and 100 mg/l substantially increased the formation of ELS and green plants in triticale and wheat, respectively. Incidentally, it also affected the occurrence of albinism in all genotypes. Our results demonstrated dual purpose of Cefotaxime for isolated microspore culture, most importantly it increases cell growth and success of microspore cultures in triticale and wheat genotypes, but would also prevent accidental loss of cultures with most common bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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20
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Kamran A, Iqbal M, Navabi A, Randhawa H, Pozniak C, Spaner D. Earliness per se QTLs and their interaction with the photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a in the Cutler × AC Barrie spring wheat population. Theor Appl Genet 2013; 126:1965-76. [PMID: 23649650 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Earliness per se regulates flowering time independent of environmental signals and helps to fine tune the time of flowering and maturity. In this study, we aimed to map earliness per se quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting days to flowering and maturity in a population developed by crossing two spring wheat cultivars, Cutler and AC Barrie. The population of 177 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was genotyped for a total of 488 SSR and DArT polymorphic markers on all 21 chromosomes. Three QTLs of earliness per se affecting days to flowering and maturity were mapped on chromosomes 1B (QEps.dms-1B1 and QEps.dms-1B2) and 5B (QEps.dms-5B1), in individual environments and when all the environments were combined. A QTL affecting flowering time (QFlt.dms-4A1) was identified on chromosome 4A. Two grain yield QTLs were mapped on chromosome 5B, while one QTL was mapped on chromosome 1D. The population segregated for the photoperiod insensitive gene, Ppd-D1a, and it induced earlier flowering by 0.69 days and maturity by 1.28 days. The photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a interacted in an additive fashion with QTLs for flowering and maturity times. The earliness per se QTL QFlt.dms-5B.1 inducing earlier flowering could help to elongate grain filling duration for higher grain yield. Hence, chromosome 5B possesses promising genomic regions that may be introgressed for higher grain yield with earlier maturity through marker-assisted selection in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamran
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
Vernalization response (Vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering/maturity times of spring-sown wheat. We characterized a representative set of 40 western Canadian adapted spring wheat cultivars/lines for 3 Vrn loci. The 40 genotypes were screened, along with 4 genotypes of known Vrn genes, using previously published genome-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed for detecting the presence or absence of dominant or recessive alleles of the major Vrn loci: Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1. The dominant promoter duplication allele Vrn-A1a was present in 34 of 40 cultivars/lines, whereas the promoter deletion allele Vrn-A1b was present in only 1 of the western Canadian cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. 'Rescue') and 2 of its derivative chromosomal substitution lines. The intron deletion allele Vrn-A1c was not present in any line tested. Only 4 of the western Canadian spring wheat cultivars tested here carry the recessive vrn-A1 allele. The dominant allele of Vrn-B1 was detected in 20 cultivars/lines. Fourteen cultivars/lines had dominant alleles of Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1 in combination. All cultivars/lines carried the recessive allele for Vrn-D1. The predominance of the dominant allele Vrn-A1a in Canadian spring wheat appears to be due to the allele's vernalization insensitivity, which confers earliness under nonvernalizing growing conditions. Wheat breeders in western Canada have incorporated the Vrn-A1a allele into spring wheats mainly by selecting for early genotypes for a short growing season, thereby avoiding early and late season frosts. For the development of early maturing cultivars with high yield potential, different combinations of Vrn alleles may be incorporated into spring wheat breeding programs in western Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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23
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Bernier J, Kumar A, Ramaiah V, Spaner D, Atlin G. A Large-Effect QTL for Grain Yield under Reproductive-Stage Drought Stress in Upland Rice. Crop Sci 2007. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bernier
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines
| | - Venuprasad Ramaiah
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines
| | - Dean Spaner
- Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Gary Atlin
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines
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Miller K, Czuczman MS, Dimiceli L, Padmanabhan S, Lawrence D, Bernstein Z, Takeshita K, Spaner D, Byrne C, Crystal C, Chanan-Khan AA. Lenalidomide (L) induces high response rates with molecular remission in patients (pts) with relapsed (rel) or refractory (ref) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6517 Background: Tumor microenvironment (ME) is critical in CLL pathogenesis. Targeting the ME is a novel approach in CLL therapeutics. Lenalidomide (Revlimid, L) is an immunomodulating agent (IMiD), approved for pts with transfusion-dependent low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome with deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality. Its antitumor activity is possibly mediated through (a) downregulation of cytokine(s) - TNF-α, VEGF, PDGF and IL-6 and/or (b) activation of immune effector cells (T & NK cells). We investigated its antitumor activity in rel/ref CLL pts. Here we present the final results of the first cohort of pts treated with 25mg daily dose of L. Methods: Oral L was given at 25mg/day for 21 out of a 28 day cycle. Anti-leukemic effects were recorded after each cycle using NCI-WG 1996 criteria. Treatment was continued until molecular complete response (mCR) or progressive disease (PD). Those with PD were then treated with L in combination with rituximab (reported separately). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was used to determine molecular remission (mCR). Results: Twenty-nine pts (median age 64 years; range: 47–75) have been enrolled. Toxicity is reported on all, while response on 19 evaluable pts. Nine pts are inevaluable (2 withdrew consent and 5 received < 2 months of therapy due to toxicity). Major response was noted in 13 of 19 evaluable pts (68%) with 3 CR (2 mCR) and 10 PR. Toxicity: Most common grade 3/4 adverse effects (AE) were neutropenia (60%) and thrombocytopenia (55%). Another common AE was tumor flare (79%); characterized by tender swelling of lymph nodes and/or rash, noted in almost all pts. Conclusions: L at 25mg/day dose given on days 1–21 in a 28 day cycle yields high ORR including mCR in rel/ref CLL. Hematologic toxicity was the most common AE requiring dose reduction. Overall safety profile was predictable and manageable. A slow dose escalation schema, starting at 15mg is being investigated. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Miller
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. S. Czuczman
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L. Dimiceli
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Padmanabhan
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Lawrence
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z. Bernstein
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K. Takeshita
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Spaner
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C. Byrne
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C. Crystal
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A. A. Chanan-Khan
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ; Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Anand H, Spaner D. A curious case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 2004; 49:645-6. [PMID: 15503743 DOI: 10.1177/070674370404900922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Goonewardene LA, Okine E, Wang Z, Spaner D, Mir PS, Mir Z, Marx T. Residual metabolizable energy intake and its association with diet and test duration. Can J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.4141/a03-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine if end-of-test residual metabolizable energy intake (RMEI) is correlated with RMEI values calculated earlier in the test on steers fed two forage (silage) or four forage-grain diets. As the days on test increased the variation in RMEI decreased in all diets. In all but the 85% alfalfa + 15% barley grain diet, test duration for RMEI may be reduced from 105 to 84 d. In the 100% alfalfa silage diet, it may be further reduced from 105 to 63 d (Spearman r = 0.90; Pearson r = 0.94; P < 0.01). The duration of testing required to obtain reliable estimates of RMEI may therefore also depend on the type of diet being fed. Key words: Residual metabolizable energy intake, crossbred steers, correlations, forage-grain diets, test duration
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Kiss TL, Chang H, Daly A, Messner HA, Jamal N, Spaner D, Rubin S, Lipton JH. Bone marrow aspirates as part of routine donor assessment for allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation can reveal presence of occult hematological malignancies in otherwise asymptomatic individuals. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:855-8. [PMID: 14990983 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pre transplant screening work-up of donors for allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation is essential in an effort to minimize risks to the recipient and protect the donor. At Princess Margaret Hospital, every potential donor is screened with a bone marrow aspirate. The case histories of three asymptomatic potential donors who presented within 1 year with normal complete blood counts, history and physical examination are presented. A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with smouldering multiple myeloma, a 72-year-old male patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a 42-year-old male patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone marrow examination led to the diagnosis in each one of these cases. Of note is that each of the potential donors was discovered to have the same disease as the transplant recipient. In vitro clonogenic hemopoietic progenitor assays were compared to those of 20 normal volunteers. Inferior growth of hemopoietic progenitor colonies in all three was noted. In conclusion, particularly in older donors and donors with potential for familial malignancies, more screening investigations including bone marrow aspiration may be reasonable to investigate for occult hematological malignancies prior to stem cell donation. Clonogenic assays can contribute to detect hemopoietic abnormalities pre transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Kiss
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Mangel J, Leitch HA, Connors JM, Buckstein R, Imrie K, Spaner D, Crump M, Pennell N, Boudreau A, Berinstein NL. Intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation plus rituximab is superior to conventional chemotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced stage mantle-cell lymphoma: a matched pair analysis. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:283-90. [PMID: 14760123 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of 20 patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) treated on a prospective trial of autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) and rituximab immunotherapy was compared with the outcome of 40 matched historical control patients treated with standard combination chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Control patients with MCL were identified from a lymphoma database, and pairs were matched with patients receiving ASCT-rituximab for stage of disease, gender and age (+/-5 years). Only patients treated with an anthracycline- or cyclophosphamide-fludarabine-based regimen were included. RESULTS Seventeen of 20 patients who received ASCT-rituximab remain alive in remission at a median of 30 months from diagnosis; one patient relapsed 2 years post-ASCT, and two died at 7 and 11 months post-ASCT without evidence of lymphoma. Of 40 patients treated with conventional chemotherapy, with a median follow-up of 80 months, 33 have relapsed or progressed and 29 have died. Overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival were superior in patients treated with ASCT-rituximab compared with those treated with conventional chemotherapy (PFS at 3 years, 89% versus 29%, P <0.00001; OS at 3 years, 88% versus 65%, P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS This matched-pair analysis suggests that patients with advanced-stage MCL treated with ASCT-rituximab had statistically significantly better PFS and a trend toward better OS than patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. Longer follow-up will determine response duration and the true impact of this treatment strategy on PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mangel
- Advanced Therapeutics Program, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Mangel J, Buckstein R, Imrie K, Spaner D, Franssen E, Pavlin P, Boudreau A, Pennell N, Combs D, Berinstein NL. Pharmacokinetic study of patients with follicular or mantle cell lymphoma treated with rituximab as 'in vivo purge' and consolidative immunotherapy following autologous stem cell transplantation. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:758-65. [PMID: 12702531 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of rituximab in an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated serum rituximab levels in 26 patients with follicular or mantle cell lymphoma treated with a combination of ASCT and immunotherapy. Patients received nine infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)): one dose as an 'in vivo purge' prior to stem cell collection, and two 4-week cycles at 8 and 24 weeks following ASCT. Pre- and post-infusion serum rituximab levels were measured during the purging dose, with doses 1 and 4 of both sets of maintenance rituximab cycles, and 12 weeks and 24 weeks following treatment. RESULTS Rituximab levels were detectable after the first infusion, and peaked at a mean concentration of 463.8 micro g/ml after the final dose. Levels remained detectable 24 weeks after completion of treatment. There was a trend toward higher rituximab levels in patients with follicular lymphoma. Serum concentrations achieved during the maintenance cycles were similar to levels observed in patients with measurable lymphoma treated during 'the pivotal trial'. No correlation was observed between serum rituximab levels achieved in the minimal disease state and the risk of later clinical relapse, nor with the ability to achieve a molecular remission following ASCT. CONCLUSIONS The finding that patients treated in minimal disease states and at the time of active disease both achieve similar final serum rituximab concentrations after four infusions suggests that the pharmacokinetics are complex, and may not necessarily correlate with disease burden. The precise factors influencing rituximab clearance in patients with lymphoma are unresolved, and this remains an area of active research.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Bone Marrow Purging/methods
- Bone Marrow Purging/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Immunotherapy/statistics & numerical data
- Lymphoma, Follicular/blood
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Prospective Studies
- Rituximab
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Stem Cell Transplantation/statistics & numerical data
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mangel
- The Advanced Therapeutics Program, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Kiss T, Daly A, Messner H, Jamal N, Galal A, Spaner D, Rubin S, Chang H, Lipton J. 240Bone marrow aspirates as part of routine donor assessment for allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation can reveal occult hematological malignancies in asymptomatic individuals. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1083-8791(03)80225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Berinstein NL, Buckstein R, Imrie K, Spaner D, Mangel J, Tompkins K, Pennell N, Reis M, Pavlin P, Lima A, Couvadia A, Robinson J, Richardson P. Bcl-2 clearance: optimising outcomes in follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 29 Suppl 1:S14-7. [PMID: 11840156 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The long median survival time of patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), means that the efficacy of new treatments are difficult to assess in the short term. Bcl-2 is an inhibitor of apoptosis and overexpression of the bcl-2 gene in the blood or bone marrow is a feature in up to 85% of patients with follicular NHL. Levels of bcl-2(+) cells in the peripheral blood or bone marrow therefore are a useful measure of disease status in such patients and can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Complete bcl-2 clearance from the bone marrow (molecular remission) following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for follicular NHL is considered to be an important prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Tumour cell contamination of the stem cell grafts used in ASCT is commonly associated with relapse. This can be addressed by purging the stem cell harvest prior to transplantation. Various methods of in vitro purging after stem cell collection have been shown to reduce the level of contamination but yield is invariably reduced and grafts remain bcl-2 positive. However, in vivo purging with rituximab during the process of collection has been used to obtain bcl-2-negative stem cell harvests without compromising the yield. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody licensed for treatment of relapsed and refractory low-grade or follicular NHL. Rituximab targets the CD20 antigen, which is found on cells of the B cell lineage. When used for in vivo purging it depletes the peripheral blood of CD20-positive cells and prevents contamination by lymphoma cells. Molecular remission, as measured by bone-marrow bcl-2 clearance, has been achieved in 7/7 patients with follicular NHL at 1 year after treatment with ASCT using rituximab as an 'in vivopurse', followed by rituximab maintenance. Early clinical outcomes are also encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Berinstein
- Advanced Therapeutics Program, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre and Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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32
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Raju K, Rabinovich BA, Radvanyi LG, Spaner D, Miller RG. A central role for IL-2 in fate determination of mature T cells--I: role in determining the Th1/Th2 profile in primary T cell cultures. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1453-9. [PMID: 11717186 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.12.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-2 signaling appears to play a significant role in enabling the synthesis of T(h)2 cytokines in an in vitro system for studying primary T cell responses. When T cells from C57BL/6J or BALB/c strains of mice were activated in vitro and re-stimulated through their TCR complex 48 h later, CD4(+) T cells producing the T(h)2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were found only when IL-2 was present. IL-2 also enhanced IFN-gamma synthesis in C57BL/6J cells but not in BALB/c cells. By up-regulating production of anti-inflammatory T(h)2 cytokines during a primary response, IL-2 may play a critical role in limiting T(h)1-mediated responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/physiology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raju
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto and Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada
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33
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Gitelson E, Ghose A, Buckstein R, Imrie K, Lim MS, Reis M, Spaner D, Tartaglia J, Berinstein NL. ALVAC-mediated gene transfer is efficient in lymphoid malignancies of T-and early B-cell origin, but not in tumors arising from mature B-cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001; 50:345-55. [PMID: 11676394 PMCID: PMC11034222 DOI: 10.1007/s002620100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2001] [Accepted: 05/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural attenuation of ALVAC virus in mammals makes it an attractive vector for cancer vaccine therapy of immunocompromised hosts, such as patients with lymphoid malignancies. However, the transduction efficiency of ALVAC constructs in lymphoid tumors has not yet been characterized. We studied a wide spectrum of human T- and B-cell leukemia and lymphomas and found significant heterogeneity of the ALVAC-mediated gene product expression in these tumors. While ALVAC-B7.1, ALVAC-B7.2, or ALVAC-luciferase vectors effectively expressed recombinant genes in malignancies arising from T- or early B-cell precursors, negative or low expression of ALVAC recombinant genes occurred in tumors arising from mature B-cells. We showed that ALVAC-encoded B7.1 or B7.2 was continuously expressed on the infected, and subsequently irradiated, leukemia cells, and only cells with ALVAC-mediated expression of costimulatory molecules (but not unmodified leukemia cells or those infected with the ALVAC-parental vector) induced significant proliferation and IFN-gamma production by alloreactive T-cells. These data provide the rationale for clinical studies using the ALVAC vector system for gene transfer into lymphoid tumors of T- and early B-cell origin to render them more immunogenic, while alternative strategies should be considered for immunotherapy of mature B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gitelson
- Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Buckstein RJ, Rimrie K, Pennell N, Spaner D, Hewitt K, Berinstein NL. Prolonged molecular and clinical remission after treatment of a patient with follicular lymphoma with rituximab. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:451-5. [PMID: 11378562 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109058004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has approval for single agent therapy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory low grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. In published phase II trials, molecular remissions of PCR detectable t(14;18) disease in the peripheral blood have been reported in up to 62% of patients by three months. We report a case of a patient who achieved prolonged clinical and molecular remission following a single four week course of Rituximab that has exceeded any previous remission achieved with chemo-radiotherapy. The implications of molecular remission as a surrogate of clinical remission and molecular relapse as a harbinger of clinical relapse are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Buckstein
- Advanced Therapeutics Program, Toronto Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prevents potentially curative allogeneic stem cell transplantation from being offered to cancer patients who lack a suitably matched donor. New methods to prevent GVHD are required to allow successful transplants across major histocompatibility complex barriers. METHODS A model of GVHD in C.B-17 SCID mice was developed to allow the study of allo-activated donor T cells without confounding effects of host lymphocytes. The abilities of cyclosporin-A, anticytokine antibodies, and oxidative stress to prevent GVHD in this model was studied. RESULTS T cells from major histocompatibility-mismatched donor mice caused severe GVHD in sublethally irradiated SCID hosts that could be ameliorated by coadministration of donor bone marrow but not by cyclosporine-A or anticytokine antibodies. In contrast, three-log more T cells could be injected without clinical consequences if they had been pretreated with a combination of heat, ultraviolet light, and oxygenation. The effect was not the trivial result of donor T cell destruction because T cell reconstitution, although delayed, recovered to normal levels within 2 weeks. Protection from GVHD required oxygenation and was associated with normalization of the CD4/CD8 donor T cell ratio, recovery of host hematopoiesis, and decreased inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSION Pretreatment of donor T cells with a combination of physicochemical stressors effectively prevents GVHD caused by major major histocompatibility disparities and may facilitate the safe transplantation of patients without HLA-identical donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sheng-Tanner
- Division of Cancer Biology Research, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Cao L, Yao Y, Lee V, Kiani C, Spaner D, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Adams ME, Yang BB. Epidermal growth factor induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of squamous carcinoma cells through reduction of cell adhesion. J Cell Biochem 2000. [PMID: 10771513 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(20000615)77:4<569::aid-jcb5>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most squamous epithelial cells are strictly anchorage-dependent cell types. We observed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) promoted the growth of A431 squamous carcinoma cells in suspension cultures but suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in monolayer cultures, suggesting that loss of adhesion is responsible for the effects observed in monolayer culture, before cell death. Consistent with this finding, we demonstrated that EGF reduced cell attachment, cell-cell interaction, and cell spreading. Treatment with EGF increased cell adhesion-regulated expression of p21 but suppressed expressions of cyclin A, D1, cdk2, and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), leading to cell cycle arrest and adhesion-regulated programmed cell death. To test directly whether promoting cell adhesion could reduce the effects of EGF, we grew cultures on plates coated with type II collagen. On these plates, cell adhesion was enhanced and EGF treatment had little effect on cell adhesion and apoptosis when cells were attached to the collagen. The collagen effects were dose dependent, and cell cycle and cell cycle-associated proteins were altered accordingly. Finally, when cultures were plated on bacterial Petri dishes, which completely disrupted cell attachment to substratum, the level of apoptosis was greatly higher and cell cycle was arrested as compared with monolayer cultures. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the EGF-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in monolayer cultures was the result of a decline in cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cao
- Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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37
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Ghose A, Iakhnina E, Spaner D, Tartaglia J, Berinstein NL. Immunogenicity of whole-cell tumor preparations infected with the ALVAC viral vector. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:1289-301. [PMID: 10890739 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050032393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of recombinant canarypox (ALVAC) viral vectors within murine whole-cell tumor vaccines was evaluated using the T cell thymic lymphoma STF10 and the B16 melanoma. Tumor cells were modified with the recombinant ALVAC vectors and injected into syngeneic mice. Control mice receiving cells alone all developed tumors, while mice injected with tumor variants bearing parental and recombinant vectors either completely rejected their tumors, or exhibited a significant delay in tumor formation. Rechallenge of mice receiving STF10-variant vaccines yielded a protective effect against parental tumor cells only when a modified regimen incorporating two vaccinations was utilized. Notably, the parental ALVAC virus was equivalent to all other recombinant ALVAC viruses in conferring antitumor immunity when using a prime-and-boost protocol. Tumorigenicity experiments in nude mice revealed that the effector mechanism mediating rejection of tumor cells bearing ALVAC vectors is multifactorial, in that the immunogenicity of STF10/ALVAC vaccines is reduced, but not completely abolished in these mice. Finally, in vitro experiments revealed that cytotoxic T cells specific for parental STF10 cells could be generated as a result of in vivo immunization with STF10/ALVAC vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Avipoxvirus/genetics
- Avipoxvirus/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghose
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Buckstein R, Imrie K, Spaner D, Potichnyj A, Robinson JB, Nanji S, Pennel N, Reis M, Pinkerton P, Dubé I, Hewitt K, Berinstein NL. Stem cell function and engraftment is not affected by "in vivo purging" with rituximab for autologous stem cell treatment for patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Semin Oncol 1999; 26:115-22. [PMID: 10561026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan; IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as single-agent treatment of relapsed/refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Initial results from the pivotal clinical trial revealed that response rates to rituximab were higher in patients who previously had high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. We have initiated a clinical trial that combines the use of rituximab with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chemosensitive relapsed follicular small cleaved or mantle cell lymphoma. A unique feature of this study is that in addition to eight maintenance infusions of rituximab after autologous stem cell transplantation, patients also received rituximab 375 mg/m2 2 days before a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized stem cell collection as "in vivo purge." We report on preliminary results demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the in vivo purge on 10 patients undergoing stem cell mobilization, nine of whom have already undergone transplantation. The peripheral blood CD34+ counts were 14.92 and 20 x 10(6)/L on day 4 and day 5, respectively, of the stem cell mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This compares with 11.7 and 11.8 x 10(6)/L, respectively, for the control population. The median CD34 stem cell yield in the graft collection was 3.7 x 10(6)/kg in patients receiving rituximab in vivo purge compared with 3.1 x 10(6)/kg in the control population. The target stem cell collection was successfully collected in six of 10 patients in a 1-day single large-volume leukapheresis collection, while two patients required 2 days and the last two patients required 3 days. Functional assays revealed the stem cell colony-forming unit-granulocyte monocyte and burst-forming unit-erythrocyte to be 55 and 44 colonies per plate, respectively, for the patients receiving the in vivo rituximab purge. This compares favorably with 37 and 38.5 colonies per plate, respectively, for the control population. Neutrophil engraftment took a median of 11 days for both cohorts; platelet independence was achieved in 8 days compared with 10 days for the control population. The median number of platelet transfusions was two for patients receiving rituximab and 2.5 for the control group. Assessment of serum cytokines immediately before the rituximab infusion during the stem cell mobilization and immediately after revealed a twofold to sevenfold increase in interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. The polymerase chain reaction analysis for minimal residual disease in stem cell collections and in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of these patients will help to determine the efficacy of rituximab in vivo purge on disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD34
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Purging
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Rituximab
- Salvage Therapy
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- R Buckstein
- Advanced Therapeutics Program, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario
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39
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Spaner D, Sheng-Tanner X, Raju K, Rabinovich B, Messner H, Miller RG. Long-term persistence of IL-2-unresponsive allogeneic T cells in sublethally irradiated SCID mice. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1601-14. [PMID: 10508178 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.10.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor T cells that are activated by host alloantigens initiate graft versus host disease (GVHD) but their long-term fate is poorly understood. The behavior of alloreactive donor T cells was studied in sublethally irradiated SCID mice. Intravenous injection of 10(6) allogeneic lymphocytes caused a severe form of GVHD, characterized by host hematopoietic atrophy. Fifty-fold fewer donor cells did not induce disease and were not simply rejected by radioresistant host mechanisms. Instead, low numbers of allogeneic T cells expanded 20- to 50-fold and remained for >1 year without causing evidence of GVHD. Persistent non-cycling donor cells with an activated phenotype were mainly found in the spleen. Tolerance was inferred by the recovery of host hematopoiesis, despite the presence of donor allogeneic T cells, and the inability of long-term persisting donor T cells to mediate cellular cytotoxicity or proliferate in response to exogenous IL-2 or antigenic stimulation in vitro. The TCR density of long-term persisting donor T cells was down-regulated. These findings suggest that the development of GVHD depends on the magnitude of the initial anti-host response. Subsequently donor cells differentiate, over several months, into a senescent-like state. This behavior questions the rationale for current treatment approaches to GVHD and is of relevance to any clinical situation where chronic T cell activation takes place in the absence of thymic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Division of Cancer Biology Research, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3MS, Canada
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40
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Abraham J, Spaner D, Benchimol S. Phosphorylation of p53 protein in response to ionizing radiation occurs at multiple sites in both normal and DNA-PK deficient cells. Oncogene 1999; 18:1521-7. [PMID: 10102621 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene product, p53, is involved in mediating cellular responses to DNA damage including growth arrest and/or apoptosis. The mechanism by which p53 protein senses the presence of damaged DNA is not understood. The possibility that p53 may be post-translationally modified by enzymes that are activated in response to DNA damage including DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and stress activated protein kinase has received considerable attention. Recent studies have indicated that DNA-PK is not required for the transactivation or apoptosis-promoting activities of p53 protein. However, the possibility that other functions of p53 may be dependent on phosphorylation by DNA-PK has not been explored. Here we describe a series of experiments that compares the expression, function and phosphorylation status of p53 protein in normal and DNA-PK-deficient scid cells. While several novel p53 phosphoforms are generated in response to DNA damage in normal cells, the same phosphoforms are observed in scid cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA Damage
- DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gamma Rays
- Kidney/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphorylation/radiation effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/radiation effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Radiation Tolerance
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/radiation effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
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41
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Spaner D, Raju K, Rabinovich B, Miller RG. A role for perforin in activation-induced T cell death in vivo: increased expansion of allogeneic perforin-deficient T cells in SCID mice. J Immunol 1999; 162:1192-9. [PMID: 9916752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite defective granule exocytosis, T cells from mice whose perforin gene was ablated by homologous recombination (pko mice) caused a similar degree of graft-vs-host disease as normal T cells after injection into sublethally irradiated C.B-17 SCID mice. Moreover host spleens contained significantly greater numbers of T cells from pko mice than from wild-type mice following their i.v. injection. This increase could not be explained by persistence of host APCs that were not cleared by defective donor cytotoxic effector cells. The absence of functional perforin-dependent suppressor cells or an altered cytokine profile of donor T cells could also not account for the behavior of pko cells. Spontaneous and Fas-mediated apoptosis of in vivo activated donor T cells were independent of donor origin. However, pko T blasts exhibited less growth inhibition and cell death after reactivation in vitro. The results are compatible with a model of a defective activation-induced cell death (AICD) pathway, controlled by perforin, accounting for the increased expansion of alloreactive pko T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, Canada.
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42
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Abstract
Cervical cancer is potentially one of the most preventable cancers. The benefits of cervical screening come to those who are actually screened. Despite the known value of cervical screening, a significant number of women do not avail themselves of the procedure. This study examined the barriers to cervical screening in an urban Canadian setting. Focus group methodology was used to explore the perspectives of socioeconomically disadvantaged women regarding their access to health care. The sessions were tape-recorded, and subsequent content analysis revealed four broad themes: being able to talk with doctors is important; being treated as a person is important; finding answers to many questions about cancer is important; and having a Pap test is uncomfortable. Implications for practice and program design were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fitch
- Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario
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43
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Couban S, Dranitsaris G, Andreou P, Price S, Tinker L, Foley R, Walker IR, Jamal S, Jamal N, Spaner D, Lipton J, Meharchand J, Messner HA. Clinical and economic analysis of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplants: a Canadian perspective. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 22:1199-205. [PMID: 9894724 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplants are an alternative to BMT, although G-CSF mobilization dose, timing of pheresis and risk of GVHD are not well defined. We compared harvest characteristics, donor and recipient outcomes and costs of two PBPC transplant strategies with historical controls who received BMT. Twenty donors mobilized with four daily s.c. G-CSF doses (5 microg/kg/day) (group 1) and 20 mobilized with 10 microg/kg/day G-CSF (group 2) were compared with 20 BM controls (group 3). G-CSF and phereses were well tolerated. Four of 40 PBPC donors required femoral catheter placement. At least 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+/kg recipient weight were collected with two phereses in 19/20 donors (group 1) and 18/20 donors (group 2). Time to neutrophil (18 vs 20 vs 22 days, P = 0.02) and platelet (21 vs 24 vs 27 days, P = 0.005) engraftment was shorter in the PBPC groups (group 2 vs group 1 vs group 3) but secondary engraftment outcomes were not different. The incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD was higher in the low-dose G-CSF group (group 1) but there was no difference in cGVHD, 100-day or 1-year survival. The mean PBPC transplant cost (group 1) at first hospital discharge was less than BM (group 3) ($34,643 vs $37,354) but the mean overall cost for both groups was similar at 100 days ($46,334 vs $46,083). Allogeneic PBPC transplant with short course, low-dose G-CSF mobilization is safe, feasible and cost equivalent to allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Couban
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Spaner D, Lowsky R, Fyles G, Lipton JH, Banerjee D, Ng CM, Wade JA, Messner HA. Acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease in a syngeneic bone marrow transplant recipient. Transplantation 1998; 66:1251-3. [PMID: 9825825 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199811150-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a syngeneic bone marrow transplant patient. METHODS Several days after receiving a bone marrow transplant from his identical twin for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a 47-year-old man developed a skin rash and diarrhea. RESULTS A colonic biopsy on day +15 revealed characteristic changes of acute intestinal GVHD. Molecular studies (microsatellite DNA and HLA sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction analyses) confirmed the genotypic identity of donor and host and the improbability of transfusion-associated GVHD. CONCLUSION This case illustrates that pathological evidence of GVHD does not absolutely require the presence of genetic differences between host and donor and questions existing concepts about the nature of cyclosporine-induced GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Infusion of donor leukocytes, to provoke graft-versus-host disease and a graft versus leukemia effect, is remarkably effective in the treatment of some forms of relapsed hematological malignancies after transplantation of allogeneic stem cells. In this commentary I argue that the variable susceptibility of tumor cells to donor leukocyte infusions can be predicted on the basis of their localization to the T cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs and the amount of donor chimerism in the patient. This conclusion leads to the hypothesis that it may be possible to modulate graft-versus-leukemia reactions in a controlled and predictable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Division of Cancer Biology Research, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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46
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Spaner D, Raju K, Radvanyi L, Lin Y, Miller RG. A role for perforin in activation-induced cell death. J Immunol 1998; 160:2655-64. [PMID: 9510164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The granule exocytosis pathway of T cell cytotoxicity is absent in mice whose perforin gene has been ablated by targeted mutagenesis. The ability of activated naive T cells to undergo apoptosis in vitro following reaggregation of the TCR complex with anti-TCR mAbs via a Fas-independent pathway was found to be defective in the absence of perforin. Protection from death was most marked in CD8+ T cells. In wild-type cells, perforin was expressed at the same time that apoptosis occurred, and blockade of perforin expression by either incubation with perforin antisense oligonucleotides or with anti-IL-2 Abs resulted in increased viability of activated T cells. The role of perforin was not via perforin-dependent fratricidal killing. The results suggest a model in which perforin acts internally to cause a form of activation-induced T cell death distinct from that caused by members of the TNFR superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Ontario Cancer Institute, Canada.
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47
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Radvanyi LG, Raju K, Spaner D, Mills GB, Miller RG. Interleukin-2 reverses the defect in activation-induced apoptosis in T cells from autoimmune lpr mice. Cell Immunol 1998; 183:1-12. [PMID: 9578714 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1997.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated T cells from MRLlpr/lpr (lpr) mice have been shown to be resistant to TCR-induced apoptosis (activation-induced cell death) in vitro. We have found that this resistance is related to a defect in IL-2R alpha (CD25) expression and IL-2 signaling. Following primary activation, splenic T cells from 8-week old lpr mice failed to undergo apoptosis after the TCR was religated upon reculture with plate-bound anti-CD3 mAb. These cells had markedly reduced levels of IL-2 secretion and CD25 expression during primary activation in vitro; however, the cells still progressed through the cell cycle and were capable of cell division following TCR religation. Addition of exogenous IL-2 during the primary activation of 8-week-old lpr T cells overcame the defect in CD25 expression. Strikingly, these cells also became sensitive to apoptosis induction and died when the TCR was religated with anti-CD3 mAb. Viable cell recovery of both the lpr CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, as well as the CD4-CD8- subsets, was dramatically reduced under these conditions. Further investigation also revealed that the defect in activation-induced apoptosis in T cells from lpr mice was age-related. Activated T cells from young lpr mice (5 weeks old) underwent apoptosis in response to TCR ligation; these cells also expressed normal levels of CD25 following primary activation. However, as the mice aged from 5 to 8 weeks, susceptibility to TCR-mediated apoptosis in vitro was progressively lost together with the ability to express CD25. Our results suggest that before the onset of severe lymphoaccumulation, activated T cells from young lpr mice possess the capability to undergo TCR-induced apoptosis despite defective fas expression; IL-2 participates in sensitizing the cells to this death pathway. In older mice, this pathway breaks down and, together with the lack of fas-induced apoptosis, may account for the onset of severe lymphoaccumulation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Radvanyi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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48
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Al-Fiar FZ, Colwill R, Lipton JH, Fyles G, Spaner D, Messner H. Abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in adults following allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:1019-22. [PMID: 9169646 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid function abnormalities in 270 adult patients post-BMT are described. Various conditioning regimens were used and the effects of three TBI and one chemotherapy only based regimens are compared. The overall incidence of elevated TSH is 8.9; 3.8, 7.2 and 16.7% in those patients who received 300, 500 and 1200 cGy respectively and 11.7% in those who received BuCy conditioning. Three cases (1.1%) of clinial hypothyroidism were observed. Compensated hypothyroidism defined as an elevated TSH in the presence of normal T3, T4 levels and transient in some cases, was the most common finding. All but four cases occurred in the first 2 years after BMT. In the remaining four, three occurred in patients with chronic GVHD. The results reported here show a lower prevalence than observed in most other reviews, particularly for children. A trend was observed with increasing radiation doses. The results are not significantly different from those we observed in the BuCy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Al-Fiar
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
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Cava M, Greenberg M, Fitch M, Spaner D, Taylor K. Towards an inclusive cervical cancer screening strategy: approaches for reaching socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Can Oncol Nurs J 1997; 7:14-8. [PMID: 9165772 DOI: 10.5737/1181912x711418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Barriers to prevention and early detection of cancer among the socioeconomically disadvantaged are important areas for public health focus. A community coalition was established in North York, Ontario, to identify a suitable primary prevention initiative, cervical screening among young women of lower economic status. Two pilot communities were selected for the project. Community members, key informants and service providers participated in a series of individual and focus group meetings to identify barriers that impede cervical screening. The benefits and challenges of such a project will be importance to practitioners eager to work collaboratively on primary prevention initiatives. This article will be of interest to nurses wanting to foster a community coalition approach to program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. It will also assist nurses with utilizing needs-based assessment in their work. Although the findings relate to a population of women in a large urban centre, the results will be useful for nurses and other health professionals planning to engage in work related to cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cava
- North York Public Health Department, USA
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Spaner D, Cohen BL, Miller RG, Phillips RA. Antigen-presenting cells for naive transgenic gamma delta T cells. Potent activation by activated alpha beta T cells. J Immunol 1995; 155:3866-76. [PMID: 7561093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The function of gamma delta T cells, particularly the minor population of circulating gamma delta T cells, remains unclear. To study these lymphoid gamma delta T cells, a transgenic SCID mouse containing the KN6 gamma delta TCR whose ligand is the TL gene product, T22b, was created. KN6-SCID mice contain a monoclonal population of naive KN6+ gamma delta T cells. Using these mice, we have studied the APC required for activation of KN6+ gamma delta T cells in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of an in vitro mixed lymphocyte response identified a hierarchy of potency for stimulation: dendritic cells = T cell blasts > B cell blasts > B cells > resting T cells. In contrast, in vivo, only alpha beta T cells fully activated KN6+ gamma delta T cells as measured by an increase in the number of splenic KN6+ cells, the development of blast morphology, and the development of proliferative anergy in the responding KN6+ cells. The strong stimulatory properties of C57BL/6J T cells appeared to depend on their having been activated by KN6-SCID alloantigens. T cells from (C57BL/6J x BALB/c)F1 mice, which are tolerant of KN6-SCID alloantigens, could not fully activate KN6+ cells. However, the F1 T cells could activate KN6+ cells if they were activated in vivo by the mitogen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B. A mixture of third party activated T cells plus T22b+ non-T cells only partially activated KN6+ cells, implying that activated T22b+ T cells are acting directly as stimulatory cells. Although the Ags recognized by gamma delta T cells are generally unknown, Ag presentation by activated alpha beta T cells may be an important method of activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spaner
- Division of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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