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Rodrigues M, Ordoñez-Trejo EJ, Rasori A, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Bonghi C. Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1272986. [PMID: 38235207 PMCID: PMC10791837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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2
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Chel-Guerrero L, Betancur-Ancona D, Aguilar-Vega M, Rodríguez-Canto W. Films properties of QPM corn starch with Delonix regia seed galactomannan as an edible coating material. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128408. [PMID: 38016603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based polysaccharides are considered a good alternative for obtaining edible films and coatings. In this research the objective was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of corn starch obtained from QPM Sac-Beh (SBCS) and Delonix regia galactomannan (DRG) and use them to produce films. Films were elaborated from 1 %(w/v) film-forming solutions (FFS) with SBCS:DRG 1:0, 1:1, and 0:1 ratio. Some films were prepared with glycerol 0.4 %(w/v) and vanillin 0.1 %(w/v). SBCS and DRG were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. SBCS presented low crystallinity which agrees with a low gelatinization ΔH observed. The SBCS:DRG 1:0 FFS without glycerol did not form films; however, DRG addition allows film formation. It was also found that glycerol addition reduced tensile strength to 10.3 MPa, from 41.3 MPa. The lowest water vapor permeability was found in films with 1:1 SBCS:DRG and 0.1 %(w/v) vanillin. This formulation was used to coat D'Anjou pears. This coating conserved the pears' color for 24 days while the control ones started to get a brown color on day 6. Based on the results obtained, FFS elaborated with 1:1 SBCS:DRG and 0.1 %(w/v) vanillin had potential use as edible film material for coating on climacteric fruits preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chel-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Kilómetro 33.5 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97203, Mexico
| | - David Betancur-Ancona
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Kilómetro 33.5 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97203, Mexico
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Vega
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 #130 entre 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97205, Mexico
| | - Wilbert Rodríguez-Canto
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Kilómetro 33.5 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97203, Mexico.
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3
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Bellinazzo F. Solving the puzzle of climacteric fruit ripening: EMB1444-like and its regulatory function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6396-6398. [PMID: 37988177 PMCID: PMC10662220 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Zhao W, Wang S, Li W, Shan X, Naeem M, Zhang L, Zhao L. 2023. The transcription factor EMB1444-like affects tomato fruit ripening by regulating YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 1, a core component of ethylene signaling transduction. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 6563–6574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bellinazzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Differences in total phenolics, antioxidant activity and metabolic characteristics in peach fruits at different stages of ripening. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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5
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Choi D, Choi JH, Park KJ, Kim C, Lim JH, Kim DH. Transcriptomic analysis of effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene treatment on kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis) ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1084997. [PMID: 36684730 PMCID: PMC9849763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1084997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) is a gaseous phytohormone with a crucial role in the ripening of many fruits, including kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Meanwhile, treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an artificial ET inhibitor delays the ripening of kiwifruit. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ET and 1-MCP application during time-course storage of kiwifruit. In addition, we aimed to elucidate the molecular details underlying ET-mediated ripening process in kiwifruit. For this purpose, we conducted a time-course transcriptomic analysis to determine target genes of the ET-mediated maturation process in kiwifruit during storage. Thousands of genes were identified to be dynamically changed during storage and clustered into 20 groups based on the similarity of their expression patterns. Gene ontology analysis using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-MCP-treated kiwifruit revealed that the identified DEGs were significantly enriched in the processes of photosynthesis metabolism and cell wall composition throughout the ripening process. Meanwhile, ET treatment rapidly triggered secondary metabolisms related to the ripening process, phenylpropanoid (e.g. lignin) metabolism, and the biosynthesis of amino acids (e.g. Phe, Cys) in kiwifruit. It was demonstrated that ET biosynthesis and signaling genes were oppositely affected by ET and 1-MCP treatment during ripening. Furthermore, we identified a ET transcription factor, AcEIL (Acc32482) which is oppositely responsive by ET and 1-MCP treatment during early ripening, potentially one of key signaling factor of ET- or 1-MCP-mediated physiological changes. Therefore, this transcriptomic study unveiled the molecular targets of ET and its antagonist, 1-MCP, in kiwifruit during ripening. Our results provide a useful foundation for understanding the molecular details underlying the ripening process in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Choi
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Food safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Food safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Food safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Rodov V, Porat R, Sabag A, Kochanek B, Friedman H. Microperforated Compostable Packaging Extends Shelf Life of Ethylene-Treated Banana Fruit. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081086. [PMID: 35454673 PMCID: PMC9032186 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic packaging preserves the quality of ethylene-treated bananas by generating a beneficial modified atmosphere (MA). However, petroleum-based plastics cause environmental pollution, due to their slow decomposition. Biodegradable packaging may help resolve this controversy, provided it shows adequate preservation efficacy. In this study, we tested the compostable biodegradable polyester packaging of ethylene-treated bananas in comparison with commercially available petroleum-based plastic alternatives. When compostable packaging was used in a non-perforated form, it caused hypoxic fermentation, manifested as impaired ripening, off-flavor, and excessive softening. Micro-perforation prevented fermentation and allowed MA buildup. Furthermore, no water condensation was observed in the biodegradable packages, due to their somewhat higher water vapor permeability compared to conventional plastics. The fruit weight loss in biodegradable packaging was higher than in polypropylene, but 3–4-fold lower than in open containers. The control of senescence spotting was the major advantage of microperforated biodegradable packaging, combined with the preservation of acceptable fruit firmness and flavor, and low crown rot incidence. Optimal biodegradable packages extended the shelf life of bananas by four days compared with open containers, and by two days compared with the best commercial plastic package tested. Microperforated biodegradable packages combined the advantage of improved sustainability with superior fruit preservation.
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Liu B, Santo Domingo M, Mayobre C, Martín-Hernández AM, Pujol M, Garcia-Mas J. Knock-Out of CmNAC-NOR Affects Melon Climacteric Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878037. [PMID: 35755703 PMCID: PMC9226586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is an important process that affects fruit quality. A QTL in melon, ETHQV6.3, involved in climacteric ripening regulation, has been found to be encoded by CmNAC-NOR, a homologue of the tomato NOR gene. To further investigate CmNAC-NOR function, we obtained two CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutants (nor-3 and nor-1) in the climacteric Védrantais background. nor-3, containing a 3-bp deletion altering the NAC domain A, resulted in ~8 days delay in ripening without affecting fruit quality. In contrast, the 1-bp deletion in nor-1 resulted in a fully disrupted NAC domain, which completely blocked climacteric ripening. The nor-1 fruits did not produce ethylene, no abscission layer was formed and there was no external color change. Additionally, volatile components were dramatically altered, seeds were not well developed and flesh firmness was also altered. There was a delay in fruit ripening with the nor-1 allele in heterozygosis of ~20 days. Our results provide new information regarding the function of CmNAC-NOR in melon fruit ripening, suggesting that it is a potential target for modulating shelf life in commercial climacteric melon varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Santo Domingo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Mayobre
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Montserrat Martín-Hernández
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pujol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Pujol,
| | - Jordi Garcia-Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
- Jordi Garcia-Mas,
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Lv J, Pang Q, Chen X, Li T, Fang J, Lin S, Jia H. Transcriptome analysis of strawberry fruit in response to exogenous arginine. PLANTA 2020; 252:82. [PMID: 33040169 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome and physiological analysis showed that exogenous arginine can delay the ripening process of postharvest strawberry fruit. Arginine (Arg) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, but its growth and development regulatory mechanisms in strawberry fruit are unknown. In this study, we found that the content of Arg decreased after the onset of fruit coloration and exogenous Arg inhibited fruit coloration. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome of 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry fruit with or without Arg treatment and identified a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Based on the transcriptome data, we also found that Arg inhibited ripening, which coincided with changes in several physiological parameters and their corresponding gene transcripts, including firmness, anthocyanin content, sugar content, Arg content, indole-acetic acid (IAA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and ethylene emissions. We also found that Arg induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzyme genes, which improved strawberry stress resistance. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which exogenous Arg delays strawberry fruit ripening, providing some genetic information to help guide the future improvement and cultivation of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Milić D, Dick M, Mulnaes D, Pfleger C, Kinnen A, Gohlke H, Groth G. Recognition motif and mechanism of ripening inhibitory peptides in plant hormone receptor ETR1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3890. [PMID: 29497085 PMCID: PMC5832771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptides derived from ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), a central regulator of ethylene signalling, were recently shown to delay fruit ripening by interrupting protein-protein interactions in the ethylene signalling pathway. Here, we show that the inhibitory peptide NOP-1 binds to the GAF domain of ETR1 - the prototype of the plant ethylene receptor family. Site-directed mutagenesis and computational studies reveal the peptide interaction site and a plausible molecular mechanism for the ripening inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Milić
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Dick
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Daniel Mulnaes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Pfleger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Kinnen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) & Institute for Complex Systems - Structural Biochemistry (ICS 6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Georg Groth
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Pandey R, Gupta A, Chowdhary A, Pal RK, Rajam MV. Over-expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of fruit-specific promoter enhances fruit quality in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:249-60. [PMID: 25537646 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diamine putrescine (Put) and polyamines; spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) are essential component of every cell because of their involvement in the regulation of cell division, growth and development. The aim of this study is to enhance the levels of Put during fruit development and see its implications in ripening and quality of tomato fruits. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of fruit-specific promoter (2A11) were developed. Transgenic fruits exhibited enhanced levels of Put, Spd and Spm, with a concomitant reduction in ethylene levels, rate of respiration and physiological loss of water. Consequently such fruits displayed significant delay of on-vine ripening and prolonged shelf life over untransformed fruits. The activation of Put biosynthetic pathway at the onset of ripening in transgenic fruits is also consistent with the improvement of qualitative traits such as total soluble solids, titratable acids and total sugars. Such changes were associated with alteration in expression pattern of ripening specific genes. Transgenic fruits were also fortified with important nutraceuticals like lycopene, ascorbate and antioxidants. Therefore, these transgenic tomatoes would be useful for the improvement of tomato cultivars through breeding approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biogenic Polyamines/metabolism
- Ethylenes/biosynthesis
- Food, Genetically Modified
- Fruit/enzymology
- Fruit/genetics
- Fruit/growth & development
- Genes, Plant
- Solanum lycopersicum/enzymology
- Solanum lycopersicum/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development
- Mice
- Nutritive Value
- Ornithine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Putrescine/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Pandey
- Plant Polyamine, Transgenic and RNAi Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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11
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Dai S, Li P, Chen P, Li Q, Pei Y, He S, Sun Y, Wang Y, Kai W, Zhao B, Liao Y, Leng P. Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ABA metabolism enzymes during the fruit development and dehydration stress of pear 'Gold Nijisseiki'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 82:299-308. [PMID: 25038474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of abscisic acid (ABA) in pear 'Gold Nijisseiki' during fruit ripening and under dehydration stress, two cDNAs (PpNCED1 and PpNCED2) which encode 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) (a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis), two cDNAs (PpCYP707A1 and PpCYP707A2) which encode 8'-hydroxylase (a key enzyme in the oxidative catabolism of ABA), one cDNA (PpACS3) which encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and one cDNA (PpACO1) which encodes ACC oxidase involved in ethylene biosynthesis were cloned from 'Gold Nijisseiki' fruit. In the pulp, peel and seed, expressions of PpNCED1 and PpNCED2 rose in two stages which corresponded with the increase of ABA levels. The expression of PpCYP707A1 dramatically declined after 60-90 days after full bloom (DAFB) in contrast to the changes of ABA levels during this period, while PpCYP707A2 stayed low during the whole development of fruit. Application of exogenous ABA at 100 DAFB increased the soluble sugar content and the ethylene release but significantly decreased the titratable acid and chlorophyll contents in fruits. When fruits harvested at 100 DAFB were stored in the laboratory (25 °C, 50% relative humidity), the ABA content and the expressions of PpNCED1/2 and PpCYP707A1 in the pulp, peel and seed increased significantly, while ethylene reached its highest value after the maximum peak of ABA accompanied with the expressions of PpACS3 and PpACO1. In sum the endogenous ABA may play an important role in the fruit ripening and dehydration of pear 'Gold Nijisseiki' and the ABA level was regulated mainly by the dynamics of PpNCED1, PpNCED2 and PpCYP707A1 at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Dai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Ping Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuelin Pei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Suihuan He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yufei Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Kai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yalan Liao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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12
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1-Methylcyclopropene postharvest treatment and their effect on apple quality during long-term storage time. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Torrigiani P, Bressanin D, Ruiz KB, Tadiello A, Trainotti L, Bonghi C, Ziosi V, Costa G. Spermidine application to young developing peach fruits leads to a slowing down of ripening by impairing ripening-related ethylene and auxin metabolism and signaling. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 146:86-98. [PMID: 22409726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica var. laevis Gray) was chosen to unravel the molecular basis underlying the ability of spermidine (Sd) to influence fruit development and ripening. Field applications of 1 mM Sd on peach fruit at an early developmental stage, 41 days after full bloom (dAFB), i.e. at late stage S1, led to a slowing down of fruit ripening. At commercial harvest (125 dAFB, S4II) Sd-treated fruits showed a reduced ethylene production and flesh softening. The endogenous concentration of free and insoluble conjugated polyamines (PAs) increased (0.3-2.6-fold) 1 day after treatment (short-term response) butsoon it declined to control levels; starting from S3/S4, when soluble conjugated forms increased (up to five-fold relative to controls at ripening), PA levels became more abundant in treated fruits, (long-term response). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that peaks in transcript levels of fruit developmental marker genes were shifted ahead in accord with a developmental slowing down. At ripening (S4I-S4II) the upregulation of the ethylene biosynthetic genes ACO1 and ACS1 was dramatically counteracted by Sd and this led to a strong downregulation of genes responsible for fruit softening, such as PG and PMEI. Auxin-related gene expression was also altered both in the short term (TRPB) and in the long term (GH3, TIR1 and PIN1), indicating that auxin plays different roles during development and ripening processes. Messenger RNA amounts of other hormone-related ripening-regulated genes, such as NCED and GA2-OX, were strongly downregulated at maturity. Results suggest that Sd interferes with fruit development/ripening by interacting with multiple hormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Torrigiani
- Department of Fruit Tree and Woody Plant Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Manjunatha G, Gupta KJ, Lokesh V, Mur LAJ, Neelwarne B. Nitric oxide counters ethylene effects on ripening fruits. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:476-83. [PMID: 22499176 PMCID: PMC3419037 DOI: 10.4161/psb.19523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays a key role in promoting fruit ripening, so altering its biosynthesis/signaling could be an important means to delay this process. Nitric oxide (NO)-generated signals are now being shown to regulate ethylene pathways. NO signals have been shown to transcriptionally repress the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis enzymes and post-translationally modify methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT) activity through S-nitrosylation to reduce the availably of methyl groups required to produce ethylene. Additionally, NO cross-talks with plant hormones and other signal molecules and act to orchestrate the suppression of ethylene effects by modulating enzymes/proteins that are generally triggered by ethylene signaling at post-climacteric stage. Thus, medication of endogenous NO production is suggested as a strategy to postpone the climacteric stage of many tropical fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girigowda Manjunatha
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department; Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore, India
| | - Kapuganti J. Gupta
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Rostock; Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence to: Kapuganti J Gupta and Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne; and
| | - Veeresh Lokesh
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department; Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore, India
| | - Luis AJ Mur
- IBERS; Penglais Campus Aberystwyth; Aberystwyth University; Wales UK
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department; Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore, India
- Correspondence to: Kapuganti J Gupta and Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne; and
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15
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Opara UL, Al-Ani MR, Al-Rahbi NM. Effect of Fruit Ripening Stage on Physico-Chemical Properties, Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Components of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) Cultivars. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Rose NR, McDonough MA, King ONF, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ. Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4364-97. [PMID: 21390379 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous iron enzymes that couple substrate oxidation to the conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. In humans their roles include collagen biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, RNA and chromatin modifications, and hypoxic sensing. Commercial applications of 2OG oxygenase inhibitors began with plant growth retardants, and now extend to a clinically used pharmaceutical compound for cardioprotection. Several 2OG oxygenases are now being targeted for therapeutic intervention for diseases including anaemia, inflammation and cancer. In this critical review, we describe studies on the inhibition of 2OG oxygenases, focusing on small molecules, and discuss the potential of 2OG oxygenases as therapeutic targets (295 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Rose
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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