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Wang D, Wang X, Gu X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Di X. Systematic screening of hepatoprotective components from traditional Chinese medicine: Zuojin Pill as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117556. [PMID: 38072292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), composed of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth. in a mass ratio of 6:1, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula recorded in "Danxi's Experiential Therapy", an ancient medical book from the Ming Dynasty of China. It is used to treat liver fire invading the stomach, which is caused by liver stagnation transforming into fire and disharmony between the liver and stomach. AIM OF THE STUDY To develop a systematic strategy to screen hepatoprotective components from TCM using ZJP as a model sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCl4-induced mouse model of acute liver injury was used for the verification of the hepatoprotective effects of ZJP. UPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS/MS was used for the identification of the components in mouse serum after intragastric administration of ZJP. The hepatoprotective activities of the components found in mouse serum were tested in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes induced by CCl4. RESULTS Nine components with significant hepatoprotective activity including berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, rutaecarpin, dehydroevodiamine, evocarpine and chlorogenic acid were successfully screened out. CONCLUSIONS Our developed strategy has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and would provide a powerful tool for screening potential hepatoprotective components from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Di
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Fareed MM, Khalid H, Khalid S, Shityakov S. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Carbon Tetrachloride- Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Brief Systematic Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1124-1134. [PMID: 37818557 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240257603230919103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in metabolic processes, making it vulnerable to injury. Researchers often study carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in model organisms because it closely resembles human liver damage. This toxicity occurs due to the activation of various cytochromes, including CYP2E1, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, and possibly CYP3A, which produce the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3*). CCl3* can attach to biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, impairing lipid metabolism and leading to fatty degeneration. It can also combine with DNA to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. When exposed to oxygen, CCl3* generates more reactive CCl3OO*, which leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. At the molecular level, CCl4 induces the release of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and NO, which can either help or harm hepatotoxicity through cellular apoptosis. TGF-β contributes to fibrogenesis, while IL-6 and IL-10 aid in recovery by minimizing anti-apoptotic activity and directing cells toward regeneration. To prevent liver damage, different interventions can be employed, such as antioxidants, mitogenic agents, and the maintenance of calcium sequestration. Drugs that prevent CCl4- induced cytotoxicity and proliferation or enhance CYP450 activity may offer a protective response against hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mazhar Fareed
- School of Science and Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Laboratorio di Bioinformatica Applicata, Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hina Khalid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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4
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The hepatoprotective effect of aminoguanidine in acute liver injury caused by CCl4 in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Protective effects of dexpanthenol in carbon tetrachloride-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rostom DM, Attia N, Khalifa HM, Abou Nazel MW, El Sabaawy EA. The Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Damage. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:537-552. [PMID: 32506351 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant potential as a novel alternative to whole-cell therapy. We herein compare the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs versus their EVs (MSC-EVs) in an experimental Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage rat model. METHODS Rats with liver damage received a single IV injection of MSC-EVs, 1 million MSCs, or 3 million MSCs. The therapeutic efficacy of each treatment was assessed using liver histopathology, liver function tests and immunohistochemistry for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular injury. RESULTS Animals that received an injection of either MSCs-EVs or 3 million MSCs depicted significant regression of collagen deposition in the liver tissue and marked attenuation of hepatocellular damage, both structurally and functionally. CONCLUSION Similar to high doses of MSC-based therapy (3 million MSCs), MSC-EVs mitigated the fibrogenesis and hepatocellular injury in a rat model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The anti-fibrinogenic effect was induced by attenuating hepatic stellate cell activation. Therefore, the administration of MSC-EVs could be considered as a candidate cell-free therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Rostom
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Dr. Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Mowassah Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Noha Attia
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Dr. Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Mowassah Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt. .,Department of Basic Sciences, The American University of Antigua - College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, P.O. Box 1451, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda.
| | - Hoda M Khalifa
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Dr. Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Mowassah Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Maha W Abou Nazel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Dr. Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Mowassah Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Eshrak A El Sabaawy
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Dr. Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Mowassah Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
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Rawls KD, Blais EM, Dougherty BV, Vinnakota KC, Pannala VR, Wallqvist A, Kolling GL, Papin JA. Genome-Scale Characterization of Toxicity-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Primary Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:279-291. [PMID: 31501904 PMCID: PMC6876259 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Context-specific GEnome-scale metabolic Network REconstructions (GENREs) provide a means to understand cellular metabolism at a deeper level of physiological detail. Here, we use transcriptomics data from chemically-exposed rat hepatocytes to constrain a GENRE of rat hepatocyte metabolism and predict biomarkers of liver toxicity using the Transcriptionally Inferred Metabolic Biomarker Response algorithm. We profiled alterations in cellular hepatocyte metabolism following in vitro exposure to four toxicants (acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, and trichloroethylene) for six hour. TIMBR predictions were compared with paired fresh and spent media metabolomics data from the same exposure conditions. Agreement between computational model predictions and experimental data led to the identification of specific metabolites and thus metabolic pathways associated with toxicant exposure. Here, we identified changes in the TCA metabolites citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate along with changes in carbohydrate metabolism and interruptions in ATP production and the TCA Cycle. Where predictions and experimental data disagreed, we identified testable hypotheses to reconcile differences between the model predictions and experimental data. The presented pipeline for using paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data provides a framework for interrogating multiple omics datasets to generate mechanistic insight of metabolic changes associated with toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher D Rawls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Edik M Blais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Bonnie V Dougherty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Kalyan C Vinnakota
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland 20817
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Venkat R Pannala
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland 20817
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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9
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Diao JX, Ou JY, Dai H, Li HY, Huang W, Hua HY, Xie T, Wang M, Yang YG. Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Polyphenols from Green Tea Extract Ameliorate CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:736-744. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Ustuner D, Colak E, Dincer M, Tekin N, Burukoglu Donmez D, Akyuz F, Colak E, Kolaç UK, Entok E, Ustuner MC. Posttreatment Effects ofOlea EuropaeaL. Leaf Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Rats. J Med Food 2018; 21:899-904. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ustuner
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Colak
- Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Dincer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tekin
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Akyuz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Umut Kerem Kolaç
- Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emre Entok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Popović D, Đukić D, Katić V, Jović Z, Jović M, Lalić J, Golubović I, Stojanović S, Ulrih NP, Stanković M, Sokolović D. Antioxidant and proapoptotic effects of anthocyanins from bilberry extract in rats exposed to hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. Life Sci 2016; 157:168-177. [PMID: 27312419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research was to determine the hepatoprotective effects of anthocyanins from bilberry extract in rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by monitoring the parameters of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and by performing the histopathological and morphometric analyses. MAIN METHODS Animals were divided into four groups: Group I (0.9% NaCl-10days), Group II (bilberry extract, 75mg/kg-10days), Group III (0,9% NaCl-9days, and on the tenth day CCl4-2ml/kg), Group IV (bilberry extract, 75mg/kg-10days and on the tenth day CCl4-2ml/kg). KEY FINDINGS Bilberry extract led to a significant decrease in the activity of biochemical parameters in serum (AST, GGT, LDH, and ALT), the activity of pro-oxidative enzyme xanthine oxidase, as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver in Group IV compared to Group III (p<0.01). Bilberry extract resulted in a significant increase in the activity of the antioxidant markers-catalase (p<0.05), superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (p<0.05) in Group IV in relation to Group III. The application of bilberry extract resulted in an increase in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes and the activity of caspase-3 in the liver tissue (p<0.01). The reduction of coagulation necrotic areas was proved (p<0.001) as well as the number of macrovesicular hepatocytes (p<0.01), along with an increased mitotic activity (p<0.01) in Group IV compared to Group III. SIGNIFICANCE Anthocyanins from bilberry extract have strong antioxidant properties and therefore can be considered as powerful hepatoprotectives in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Popović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Davor Đukić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Vukica Katić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Zorica Jović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Maja Jović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Lalić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Ilija Golubović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Svetlana Stojanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Stanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
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Kim TW, Lee DR, Choi BK, Kang HK, Jung JY, Lim SW, Yang SH, Suh JW. Hepatoprotective effects of polymethoxyflavones against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:91-9. [PMID: 26980244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we explore the protective effects of Citrus aurantium L. extract (CAE) against acute and chronic CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The quantitative analysis of CAE was performed using HPLC-UV to determine the nobiletin content was approximately 27%. For the acute model, the male ICR mice were orally treated with water, silymarin (positive control, 200 mg/kg) and CAE (50 and 200 mg/kg) for 3 days prior to CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 50% v/v in olive oil) IP injection. For the chronic model (n = 6/group), the mice were treated with each treatment for 28 consecutive days and CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 20%) was injected twice a week. In both the acute and chronic models, the CCl4 alone treated group showed histopathologic alterations with a significantly increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels together with a disrupted anti-oxidative status. In contrast, the CAE treatments restored pathologic alterations and recovered the oxidative status by enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation levels. Furthermore, CAE enhanced nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related cytoprotective signals, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that CAE exerts a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | | | | | - Hwan-Kyu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Seol-Wa Lim
- Graduate School of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic University, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 449-728, South Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 449-728, South Korea.
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Inhibition of TGFβ type I receptor activity facilitates liver regeneration upon acute CCl4 intoxication in mice. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Liu P, Jin X, Lv H, Li J, Xu W, Qian HH, Yin Z. Icaritin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury mainly because of the antioxidative function through estrogen-like effects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:899-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee IC, Kim SH, Baek HS, Moon C, Kang SS, Kim SH, Kim YB, Shin IS, Kim JC. The involvement of Nrf2 in the protective effects of diallyl disulfide on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative damage and inflammatory response in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:174-85. [PMID: 24246655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative hepatic damage and inflammatory response in rat liver. DADS at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day was administered orally once daily for 5 days, prior to CCl4 administration. Pretreatment with DADS attenuated CCl4-induced elevated serum transaminase activities and histopathological alterations in liver. It prevented the hepatocellular apoptotic changes with induction of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), cytochrome c, and caspase-3 caused by CCl4. An increase in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of I kappaB alpha (IκBα) was observed in the livers of CCl4-treated rats that coincided with induction of inflammatory mediators or cytokines. In contrast, DADS inhibited NF-κB translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, and that subsequently decreased inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, DADS prevented CCl4-induced depletion of cytosolic nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and suppression of nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which, in turn, up-regulated phase II/antioxidant enzyme activities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DADS increases the expression of phase II/antioxidant enzymes and simultaneously decreases the expression of inflammatory mediators in CCl4-induced liver injury. These findings indicate that DADS induces antioxidant defense mechanism by activating Nrf2 pathway and reduces inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seon Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Du Q, Bian XL, Xu XL, Zhu B, Yu B, Zhai Q. Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell death induced by rhein. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:68-73. [PMID: 23994628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, a compound found as a glucoside in the root of rhubarb, is currently a subject of interest for its antitumor properties. The apoptosis of tumor cell lines induced by rhein was observed, and the involvement of mitochondria was established; however, the role of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) remains unknown. Here we report that MPT plays an important role in the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells induced by rhein. After adding rhein to the isolated hepatic mitochondria, swelling effects and the leakage of Ca(2+) were observed. These alterations were suppressed by cyclosporin A (CsA), an MPT inhibitor. Furthermore, in Hep-G2 cells, the decrease of ATP production, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), the release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), and the activation of caspase 3 were also observed. These toxic effects of rhein can also be attenuated by CsA as well. Moreover, TUNEL assay confirmed that in the presence of CsA, rhein-induced apoptosis was largely inhibited. These results suggest that MPT plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Hep-G2 cell injury induced by rhein, and imply that MPT may contribute to the anti-cancer activity of rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Luwan Branch of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Nasir GA, Mohsin S, Khan M, Shams S, Ali G, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. Mesenchymal stem cells and Interleukin-6 attenuate liver fibrosis in mice. J Transl Med 2013; 11:78. [PMID: 23531302 PMCID: PMC3636128 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy for liver fibrosis. Issues concerning poor MSC survival and engraftment in the fibrotic liver still persist and warrant development of a strategy to increase MSC potency for liver repair. The present study was designed to examine a synergistic role for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MSCs therapy in the recovery of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced injured hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Injury was induced through 3 mM and 5 mM CCl(4) treatment of cultured hepatocytes while fibrotic mouse model was established by injecting 0.5 ml/kg CCl(4) followed by treatment with IL-6 and MSCs. Effect of MSCs and IL-6 treatment on injured hepatocytes was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release, RT-PCR for (Bax, Bcl-xl, Caspase3, Cytokeratin 8, NFκB, TNF-α) and annexin V apoptotic detection. Analysis of MSC and IL-6 treatment on liver fibrosis was measured by histopathology, PAS, TUNEL and Sirius red staining, RT-PCR, and liver function tests for Bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). RESULTS A significant reduction in LDH release and apoptosis was observed in hepatocytes treated with a combination of MSCs and IL-6 concomitant with upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xl expression and down regulation of bax, caspase3, NFκB and TNF-α. Adoptive transfer of MSCs in fibrotic liver pretreated with IL-6 resulted increased MSCs homing and reduced fibrosis and apoptosis. Hepatic functional assessment demonstrated reduced serum levels of Bilirubin and ALP. CONCLUSION Pretreatment of fibrotic liver with IL-6 improves hepatic microenvironment and primes it for MSC transplantation leading to enhanced reduction of liver injury after fibrosis. Synergistic effect of IL-6 and MSCs seems a favored therapeutic option in attenuation of liver apoptosis and fibrosis accompanied by improved liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Ali Nasir
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khan
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gibran Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N Khan
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Zhu B, Zhai Q, Yu B. Tanshinone IIA protects rat primary hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride toxicity via inhibiting mitochondria permeability transition. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:484-487. [PMID: 20645787 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903179699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), one of the key components of Salvia milthorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae), is used to treat liver disease. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective effects of Tan IIA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatocyte toxicity. In cultures treated with 1 or 2 microM CCl(4), Tan IIA (10-75 microM) significantly increased hepatocyte survival rates. However, only at a concentration of 75 microM could Tan IIA partially reverse the CCl(4) (3 microM)-induced decrease of survival rate (34 +/- 3% vs. 18 +/- 3%, n = 8, p < 0.01). In isolated mitochondria energized with succinate, Tan IIA could inhibit the large swelling effect induced by CCl(4) (1 and 2 microM). Base on these results, Tan IIA could protect rat primary cultured hepatocytes from CCl(4)-induced toxicity partially by the inhibitory effect on the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Kim KH, Kum YS, Park YY, Park JH, Kim SJ, Lee WR, Lee KG, Han SM, Park KK. The protective effect of bee venom against ethanol-induced hepatic injury via regulation of the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:619-24. [PMID: 20210790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption increases apoptosis of hepatocytes. Death of hepatocytes is a characteristic feature of chronic liver disease for various causes. Bee venom (Apis mellifera) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as chronic inflammatory arthritis and chronic liver disease. However, the precise mechanism for bee venom in chronic liver disease is not still cleared. To assess the effects of bee venom in chronic liver disease, we investigated the potential role of the bee venom in the ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Bee venom treatment inhibited the apoptotic cell morphology and increased the cell viability in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. With ethanol treatment, bee venom-treated hepatocytes increased activity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, reduced activity of Bax, Caspase and PARP. In conclusion, bee venom treatment in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis occurred through the regulation of Bcl family with subsequent inactivation of the Caspase and PARP. These results suggest that bee venom could be an effective agent to reduce ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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