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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Alghadir AH. The Potential Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Male Rat Infertility Treated with Kaempferia parviflora. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9622494. [PMID: 34956389 PMCID: PMC8709766 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9622494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies based on herbal plants and diets containing sufficient amounts of antioxidants and essential vitamins are very important factors in treating reproduction and male infertility worldwide. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) on the role of some microRNAs in treated and nontreated infertile rats. In addition, the correlation of expressed microRNAs with sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm viability was identified. The probable use of these microRNAs as a diagnostic marker for predicting the clinical response of infertility to the treatment with KP was also achieved. METHODS In the present study, the potential effects of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) at different doses (140, 280, and 420 mg/kg) for six weeks on male rats with subinfertility were explored. In addition, the effect of KP on the expression of circulating microRNAs and its correlation with the parameters of sexual infertility was identified by performing both in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro antioxidant activity, sperm functional analysis, serum testosterone, and expression of circulating microRNAs were conducted using colorimetric, ELISA, and real-time RT-PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Kaempferia parviflora (KP) at nontoxic doses of 140-420 mg/kg/day for six weeks significantly improved serum testosterone and epididymal sperm parameters (sperm count, motility, and sperm viability), increased testicular weight, and provided a reduction in the percentage of abnormal spermatozoon in infertile male rats. The expression of miR-328 and miR-19b significantly decreased, and miR-34 significantly increased in infertile rats treated with KP compared to infertile nontreated rats. After six weeks of KP therapy, the change in the expression levels of miRNAs was correlated positively with higher levels of serum testosterone and the measures of epididymal sperm parameters. The respective area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was applied to predict the potential use of miR-328, miR-19b, and miR-34 in the diagnosis of male infertility in treated and nontreated infertile male rats. The data showed that AUC cutoff values of 0.91 for miR-328, 0.89 for miR-19b, and 0.86 for miR34 were the best estimated values for the clinical diagnosis of male rats with infertility. In rats treated with KP for six weeks, AUC cutoff values of 0.76 for miR-328, 0.79 for miR-19b, and 0.81 for miR-34 were the best cutoff values reported for the clinical response of infertility to KP therapy after six weeks. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the improvement of male infertility might proceed via antioxidant and antiapoptotic pathways, which significantly improve spermatogenesis and aphrodisiac properties of males. In addition, the expression of miRNAs, miR-328, miR-34, and miR-19b, in KP-treated and nontreated infertile rats significantly correlated with increased serum testosterone levels and epididymal sperm parameters as well. MicroRNAs, miR-328, miR-34, and miR-19b, might be related to oxidative and apoptotic pathways that proceeded in spermatogenesis. Thus, the use of miRNAs could have a role as diagnostic, therapeutic, and predictive markers for assessing the clinical response of Kaempferia parviflora treatment for six weeks. This may have potential applications in the therapeutic strategies based on herbal plants for male infertility. However, in subsequent studies, the genetic regulatory mechanisms of the expressed miRNAs should be fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating COVID-19 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021; 9:15-22. [PMID: 33077403 PMCID: PMC7833179 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with a lot of sufferers. Excessive inflammation, exaggerated immune response, with ultimate apoptosis contribute to COVID-19 pathology that progress to acute lung acute respiratory distress. OBJECTIVE To shed a light on the likely benefits of the oral phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor adjuvant role in combating COVID-19 infection. METHODS A literature review was performed in the PubMed/Medline database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using the keywords COVID-19; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; cytokine storm; respiratory distress. RESULTS Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, still no drugs are validated to have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in large-scale studies. While the progress toward a curative agent and/or vaccine is certainly hopeful, the principal limiting factor in such public health emergencies is always the time. Therefore, a preexisting licensed therapeutic(s) might offer a reprieve to the healthcare systems operating at the edge of capacity. In this context, the innovation of oral PDE5 inhibitors with their valuable effects on erection have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and opened new fields of clinical application for this class of drugs. Oral PDE5 inhibitors have been demonstrated to possess many beneficial useful additional implications with acknowledged anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties have been elucidated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanylate monophosphate pathway in addition to the emerged hemeoxygenase-1 enzyme as well as hydrogen sulfide pathways. These properties could support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in targeting different aspects of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION Oral PDE5 inhibitors retain several acknowledged off-labeled useful implications with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties may support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in the protocols combating COVID-19 manifestations. Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021;9:15-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating COVID-19 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2020. [PMID: 33077403 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.08.006.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with a lot of sufferers. Excessive inflammation, exaggerated immune response, with ultimate apoptosis contribute to COVID-19 pathology that progress to acute lung acute respiratory distress. OBJECTIVE To shed a light on the likely benefits of the oral phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor adjuvant role in combating COVID-19 infection. METHODS A literature review was performed in the PubMed/Medline database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using the keywords COVID-19; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; cytokine storm; respiratory distress. RESULTS Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, still no drugs are validated to have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in large-scale studies. While the progress toward a curative agent and/or vaccine is certainly hopeful, the principal limiting factor in such public health emergencies is always the time. Therefore, a preexisting licensed therapeutic(s) might offer a reprieve to the healthcare systems operating at the edge of capacity. In this context, the innovation of oral PDE5 inhibitors with their valuable effects on erection have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and opened new fields of clinical application for this class of drugs. Oral PDE5 inhibitors have been demonstrated to possess many beneficial useful additional implications with acknowledged anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties have been elucidated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanylate monophosphate pathway in addition to the emerged hemeoxygenase-1 enzyme as well as hydrogen sulfide pathways. These properties could support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in targeting different aspects of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION Oral PDE5 inhibitors retain several acknowledged off-labeled useful implications with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties may support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in the protocols combating COVID-19 manifestations. Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021;9:15-22.
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El-Horany HES, Gaballah HH, Helal DS. Berberine ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging through a PTEN/Akt-dependent mechanism. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:157-165. [PMID: 30145915 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1499117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine (BBR) against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal aging in rats, pointing to its ability to modulate phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/Akt signalling, and to attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Renal aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal for six consecutive weeks along with simultaneous oral administration of BBR and compared to control rats and rats received individual doses of either drug. BBR treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of urea and creatinine, retrieved the alterations in kidney histopathology, and restored redox balance evidenced by alleviations of the level of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and activating heme oxygenase-1 enzyme. Moreover, it markedly reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, along with down-regulation of PTEN expression, enhanced Akt activity, as well as significantly higher immunostaining of the anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2). These findings hold a great promise for the use of BBR as a protecting agent against renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duaa Samir Helal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histopathology,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Serum L-carnitine and vitamin D levels may be low among oral sildenafil citrate non-responders. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:85-91. [PMID: 30287894 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional comparative study aimed to compare serum L-carnitine and 25(OH)D levels between men with ED non-responding for oral sildenafil citrate and healthy volunteers. Overall, 192 men, recruited from two University Hospitals, were allocated into two equal groups of matched age; healthy potent men and men with ED non-responders for oral sildenafil citrate. Oral sildenafil citrate non-responders self-reported inadequate erectile responses after four attempts using 100 mg with the manufacturer's guidelines relative to meals, associated medications, and sexual stimulation/arousal. Exclusion criteria were: diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, beta blockers treatment, morbid obesity, thyroid disorders, post-radical prostatectomy, and hepatic/renal failure. All participants were subjected to; history taking, clinical examination, validated IIEF-5 questionnaire, estimation of serum L-carnitine by calorimetric method and serum 25(OH)D by ELISA method. Compared with potent controls, ED men non-responders for oral sildenafil citrate showed significant decreases in the mean serum L-carnitine level (16.8 ± 3.6 uM/L versus 66.3 ± 11.9 uM/L, P = 0.001), the mean serum 25(OH)D level (21.2 ± 7.1 ng/ml versus 54.6 ± 7.9 ng/mL, P = 0.001) and IIEF-5 score (7.8 ± 2.6 versus 23.9 ± 1.3). Serum L-carnitine showed significant positive correlation with IIEF-5 scores (r = 0.873, P = 001), serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.796, P = 0.001) and significant negative correlation with the age (r = -0.515, P = 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D showed significant positive correlation with IIEF-5 scores (r = 0.855, P = 0.001) and significant negative correlation with the age (r = -0.223, P = 0.005). It is concluded that normal homeostasis of serum L-carnitine and 25(OH)D play a role in male sexual health being significantly decreased in ED non-responding for oral sildenafil citrate.
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Draganski A, Tar MT, Villegas G, Friedman JM, Davies KP. Topically Applied Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles Treat Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes. J Sex Med 2018; 15:645-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bai Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Ju J, Li G, Xu J, Jiang X, Zhang P, Lang L, Sadkovaya O, Glybochko PV, Zhang W, Yang B. Identification and Functional Verification of MicroRNAs in the Obese Rat With Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med 2017; 5:e261-e271. [PMID: 28970082 PMCID: PMC5693398 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a potential risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of genes involved in various pathophysiologic processes. AIM To identify the miRNA profile in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of obese rats with ED and elucidate the potential function of miRNA in the pathogenesis of ED. METHODS Obesity was induced in rats by a high-fat diet. After the erectile function test, experimental animals were divided into two groups: obese rats with ED and obese rats with normal erectile function. The CCs from these rats were collected for miRNA microarray analysis. The results were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Subsequently, the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the functions of differentially expressed miRNAs in ED. Apomorphine-induced penile erection and intracavernous pressure measurements were used to evaluate the effects of miRNA on the erectile function of rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MiRNA expression in the CC of obese rats with ED and those with normal erectile function was detected by miRNA microarray analysis. Candidate miRNAs were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the functions of miRNAs. Apomorphine-induced penile erection and intracavernous pressure measurements were used to reflect the erectile function of rats. RESULTS Sixty-eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in the CC of obese rats with ED (≥1.5-fold change). The real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with the miRNA microarray analysis results. Specifically, miR-328a was significantly upregulated in rats with ED compared with control rats and was chosen for functional evaluation in the pathogenesis of ED. Overexpression of miR-328a noticeably decreased the erectile response to apomorphine and the expression of heme oxygenase-1. CONCLUSION MiRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related ED. MiR-328a might facilitate the induction of ED. Bai Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, et al. Identification and Functional Verification of MicroRNAs in the Obese Rat With Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med 2017;5:e261-e271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangshuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- North China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchuan Lang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Olga Sadkovaya
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- North China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sung SK, Woo JS, Kim YH, Son DW, Lee SW, Song GS. Sildenafil Ameliorates Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HT-22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2016; 59:259-68. [PMID: 27226858 PMCID: PMC4877549 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2016.59.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and mitochondrial glycation is importantly implicated in the pathological changes of the brain associated with diabetic complications, Alzheimer disease, and aging. The present study was undertaken to determine whether sildenafil, a type 5 phosphodiesterase type (PDE-5) inhibitor, has beneficial effect on neuronal cells challenged with AGE-induced oxidative stress to preserve their mitochondrial functional integrity. METHODS HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AGE and changes in the mitochondrial functional parameters were determined. Pretreatment of cells with sildenafil effectively ameliorated these AGE-induced deterioration of mitochondrial functional integrity. RESULTS AGE-treated cells lost their mitochondrial functional integrity which was estimated by their MTT reduction ability and intracellular ATP concentration. These cells exhibited stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of mitochondrial permeability transition, and release of the cytochrome C, activation of the caspase-3 accompanied by apoptosis. Western blot analyses and qRT-PCR demonstrated that sildenafil increased the expression level of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). CoPP and bilirubin, an inducer of HO-1 and a metabolic product of HO-1, respectively, provided a similar protective effects. On the contrary, the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP IX blocked the effect of sildenafil. Transfection with HO-1 siRNA significantly reduced the protective effect of sildenafil on the loss of MTT reduction ability and MPT induction in AGE-treated cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggested that sildenafil provides beneficial effect to protect the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells against AGE-induced deterioration of mitochondrial integrity, and upregulation of HO-1 is involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ki Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Suk Woo
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Ha Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Son
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Weon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun Sung Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Krishna CV, Singh J, Kumar S, Rattan S. Heme oxygenase-1 upregulation modulates tone and fibroelastic properties of internal anal sphincter. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G595-601. [PMID: 25035109 PMCID: PMC4166724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00159.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A compromise in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) tone and fibroelastic properties (FEP) plays an important role in rectoanal incontinence. Herein, we examined the effects of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 upregulation on these IAS characteristics in young rats. We determined the effect of HO-1 upregulator hemin on HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions and on basal IAS tone and its FEP before and after HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX. For FEP, we determined the kinetics of the IAS smooth muscle responses, by the velocities of relaxation, and recovery of the IAS tone following 0 Ca(2+) and electrical field stimulation. To characterize the underlying signal transduction for these changes, we determined the effects of hemin on RhoA-associated kinase (RhoA)/Rho kinase (ROCK) II, myosin-binding subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase 1, fibronectin, and elastin expression levels. Hemin increased HO-1 mRNA and protein similar to the increases in the basal tone, and in the FEP of the IAS. Underlying mechanisms in the IAS characteristics are associated with increases in the genetic and translational expressions of RhoA/ROCKII, and elastin. Fibronectin expression levels on the other hand were found to be decreased following HO-1 upregulation. The results of our study show that the hemin/HO-1 system regulates the tone and FEP of IAS. The hemin/HO-1 system thus provides a potential target for the development of new interventions aimed at treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders, specifically the age-related IAS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadalavada Vijay Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Rattan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Yetik-Anacak G, Sorrentino R, Linder AE, Murat N. Gas what: NO is not the only answer to sexual function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1434-54. [PMID: 24661203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to get and keep an erection is important to men for several reasons and the inability is known as erectile dysfunction (ED). ED has started to be accepted as an early indicator of systemic endothelial dysfunction and subsequently of cardiovascular diseases. The role of NO in endothelial relaxation and erectile function is well accepted. The discovery of NO as a small signalling gasotransmitter led to the investigation of the role of other endogenously derived gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The role of NO and CO in sexual function and dysfunction has been investigated more extensively and, recently, the involvement of H2 S in erectile function has also been confirmed. In this review, we focus on the role of these three sister gasotransmitters in the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology of sexual function in man, specifically erectile function. We have also reviewed the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway as a common target of these gasotransmitters. Several studies have proposed alternative therapies targeting different mechanisms in addition to PDE-5 inhibition for ED treatment, since some patients do not respond to these drugs. This review highlights complementary and possible coordinated roles for these mediators and treatments targeting these gasotransmitters in erectile function/ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Meng X, Wang M, Wang X, Sun G, Ye J, Xu H, Sun X. Suppression of NADPH oxidase- and mitochondrion-derived superoxide by Notoginsenoside R1 protects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathways. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:823-38. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.911853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Karakeci A, Firdolas F, Ozan T, Unus I, Ogras MS, Orhan I. Second pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic priapism and treatment alternatives. Urology 2013; 82:625-9. [PMID: 23987157 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the early therapeutic alternatives such as bosentan, an endothelin receptor blocker, theophylline, an adenosin receptor blocker, and a nonselective phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase 1 inhibitor, for the therapy of ischemic priapism in the rat models. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control group, ZnPP group, bosentan group, and theophylline group. Erection was provided by vacuum constriction method and maintained for 4 hours for achieving the priapism in all groups. The rats in the control group were administered 1 mL/kg saline intraperitoneally (ip). The rats in group 2 were administered 25 mg/kg ZnPP ip. The rats in group 3 were administered 0.25 mg/kg bosentan ip. The rats in group 4 were administered 100 mg/kg theophylline ip. Six rats from each group were decapitated after 6 hours of drug administration. Then endothelin 1, adenosine deaminase, heme oxygenase 1 enzymatic activity, and apoptosis index in the cavernous tissues were estimated. RESULTS Cavernous tissue endothelin 1, adenosine deaminase, heme oxygenase 1 enzymatic activity levels, and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in bosentan, theophylline, and ZnPP-treated rats compared with the controls. CONCLUSION Inhibition of priapism induced apoptosis with bosentan, theophylline, and ZnPP seems promising on preserving erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karakeci
- Department of Urology, Elazig Harput Government Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
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Mostafa T, Sabry D, Abdelaal AM, Mostafa I, Taymour M. Cavernous antioxidant effect of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate with/without sildenafil citrate intake in aged diabetic rats. Andrologia 2012; 45:272-7. [PMID: 22928786 DOI: 10.1111/and.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cavernous antioxidant effect of green tea (GT), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with/without sildenafil citrate intake in aged diabetic rats. One hundred and four aged male white albino rat were divided into controls that received ordinary chow, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced aged diabetic rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats on infused green tea, induced diabetic rats on epigallocatechin-3-gallate and STZ-induced diabetic rats on sildenafil citrate added to EGCG. After 8 weeks, dissected cavernous tissues were assessed for gene expression of eNOS, cavernous malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and serum testosterone (T). STZ-induced diabetic rats on GT demonstrated significant increase in cavernous eNOS, cGMP, GPx and significant decrease in cavernous MDA compared with diabetic rats. Diabetic rats on EGCG demonstrated significant increase in cavernous eNOS, cGMP, GPx and significant decrease in cavernous MDA compared with diabetic rats or diabetic rats on GT. Diabetic rats on EGCG added to sildenafil showed significant increase in cavernous eNOS, cGMP and significant decrease in cavernous MDA compared with other groups. Serum T demonstrated nonsignificant difference between the investigated groups. It is concluded that GT and EGCG have significant cavernous antioxidant effects that are increased if sildenafil is added.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Liu XM, Peyton KJ, Wang X, Durante W. Sildenafil stimulates the expression of gaseous monoxide-generating enzymes in vascular smooth muscle cells via distinct signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1045-54. [PMID: 22864061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that augments cGMP accumulation following the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In this study, we investigated whether sildenafil promotes the production of the sGC-stimulatory gases, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, by stimulating the expression of the inducible isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO-1) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Sildenafil increased HO-1 expression and potentiated cytokine-mediated expression of iNOS and NO synthesis by SMCs. The induction of HO-1 was unaffected by the sGC inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinozalin-1-one (ODQ) or the protein kinase G inhibitor (8R,9S,11S)-(-)-2-methyl-9-methoxyl-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-methyl-2,3,9,10-tetrahydro-8,11-epoxy-1H,8H,11H-2,7b,11a-triazadibenzo(a,g)cyclocta9(cde)trinen-1-one (KT 5823). However, the sildenafil-mediated increase in HO-1 promoter activity was abolished by mutating the antioxidant responsive elements in the promoter or by overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the induction of HO-1 by sildenafil was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocked by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and rotenone. In contrast, the enhancement of cytokine-stimulated NO synthesis by sildenafil was prevented by ODQ and the protein kinase A inhibitor (9S,10S,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo(1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl)pyrrolo(3,4-i)(1,6)benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid hexyl ester (KT 5720) and duplicated by lipophilic analogs of cGMP. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that sildenafil stimulates the expression of HO-1 and iNOS via the ROS-Nrf2 and sGC-cGMP pathway, respectively. The ability of sildenafil to block the catabolism of cGMP while stimulating the synthesis of sGC-stimulatory gaseous monoxides through the induction of HO-1 and iNOS provides a potent mechanism by which cGMP-dependent vascular actions of this drug are amplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ming Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Mostafa T, Rashed L, Kotb K, Taymour M. Effect of testosterone and frequent low-dose sildenafil/tadalafil on cavernous tissue oxidative stress of aged diabetic rats. Andrologia 2012; 44:411-5. [PMID: 22489795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of testosterone (T) administration and chronic low-dose sildenafil/tadalafil on cavernous tissue oxidative stress (OS) of aged diabetic rats. In all, 140 Sprague-Dawley aged rats were subdivided into the following: controls; streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats; diabetic rats injected with T every 4 weeks; diabetic rats on sildenafil orally daily; diabetic rats on T and daily sildenafil; diabetic rats on tadalafil orally every other day; diabetic rats on T and tadalafil; diabetic rats on alternate sildenafil/tadalafil; and diabetic rats on alternate sildenafil/tadalafil with T. After 12 weeks, the rats were euthanised where in dissected cavernous tissues malondialdehyde (MAD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) were estimated. Compared with controls, aged diabetic rats demonstrated significant increase in cavernous tissue MDA and significant decrease in GPx and cGMP where diabetic rats injected with T had marked improvement of these parameters. Diabetic rats on sildenafil, tadalafil or alternate sildenafil/tadalafil demonstrated significant increased cavernous tissue GPx, cGMP and decreased cavernous MDA that was further improved when supplemented with T. It is concluded that frequent low-dose use of sildenafil and/or tadalafil supplemented with T has a marked impact on ameliorating cavernous OS in aged diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abdel Aziz MT, El Asmer MF, Rezq A, Kumosani TA, Mostafa S, Mostafa T, Atta H, Abdel Aziz Wassef M, Fouad HH, Rashed L, Sabry D, Hassouna AA, Senbel A, Abdel Aziz A. Novel water-soluble curcumin derivative mediating erectile signaling. J Sex Med 2009; 7:2714-22. [PMID: 21711478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin is an inducer of heme oxygenase enzyme-1 (HO-1) that is involved in erectile signaling via elevating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)levels. AIM To assess the effect of oral administration of a water-soluble long-acting curcumin derivative on erectile signaling. METHODS Two hundred and thirty six male white albino rats were divided into four groups; group 1 (N = 20) includes control. Group 2 (N = 72) was equally divided into four subgroups; subgroup 1 received pure curcumin (10 mg/kg), subgroup 2 received the long-acting curcumin derivative (2 mg/kg), subgroup 3 received the long-acting curcumin derivative (10 mg/kg), and subgroup 4 received sildenafil (4 mg/kg). Subgroups were sacrificed after the first, second, and third hour. Group 3 (N = 72) was equally divided into the same four subgroups already mentioned and were sacrificed after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week. Group 4 (N = 72) was subjected to intracavernosal pressure (ICP) measurements 1 hour following oral administration of the same previous doses in the same rat subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cavernous tissue HO enzyme activity, cGMP, and ICP. RESULTS In group 2, there was a significant progressive maintained elevation of HO activity and cGMP tissue levels starting from the first hour in subgroups 3 and 4, whereas, the rise in HO activity and cGMP started from second hour regarding the other rat subgroups. Sildenafil effect decreased after 3 hours. In group 3, there was a significant maintained elevation of HO activity and cGMP tissue levels extended to 1 week as compared to controls for all rat subgroups that received both forms of curcumin. In group 4, long-acting curcumin derivative exhibited more significant potentiation of intracavernosal pressure as compared to control and to the pure curcumin. CONCLUSION Water-soluble long-acting curcumin derivative could mediate erectile function via upregulating cavernous tissue cGMP.
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Abdel Aziz MT, El Asmer MF, Mostafa T, Atta H, Mahfouz S, Fouad H, Rashed L, Sabry D, Hassouna A, Abdel Aziz AT, Senbel A, Demery A. Effects of losartan, HO-1 inducers or HO-1 inhibitors on erectile signaling in diabetic rats. J Sex Med 2009; 6:3254-64. [PMID: 19804535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of the renin-angiotensin system which is common in diabetes mellitus might affect heme oxygenase (HO-1) gene expression. AIM Assessment of the effects of administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist (losartan) with HO-1 inducer or inhibitor on erectile signaling in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy male rats were divided equally into seven groups; healthy controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, rats on citrate buffer, diabetic rats on losartan, diabetic rats on HO-1 inducer (cobalt protoporphyrin [CoPP]), diabetic rats on losartan and CoPP, and diabetic rats on losartan and HO-1 inhibitor (stannus mesoporphyrin [SnMP]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HO enzyme activity, HO-1 gene expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) assay, intracavernosal pressure (ICP), and cavernous tissue sinusoids surface area. RESULTS HO-1 gene expression, HO enzymatic activity, and cGMP were significantly decreased in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats. These parameters were significantly elevated with the use of CoPP that restored the normal control levels of HO enzyme activity. Administration of losartan exhibited a significant enhancing effect on these parameters compared with the diabetic group, but not restored to the control levels, whereas administration of CoPP combined with losartan led to the restoration of their normal levels. ICP demonstrated significant decline in diabetic rats. The use of CoPP and/or losartan led to its significant improvement compared with diabetic rats. Administration of either losartan and/or CoPP led to a significant increase in the cavernous sinusoids surface area of diabetic rats. Administration of losartan with SnMP significantly decreased the enhancing effect of losartan on the studied parameters. CONCLUSION The decline in erectile function in diabetes mellitus could be attributed to the downregulation of HO-1 gene expression. HO-1 induction added to Ang II receptor antagonist could improve erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Talaat Abdel Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Medical Biochemistry, Unit of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel Aziz MT, Mostafa T, Atta H, Wassef MA, Fouad HH, Rashed LA, Sabry D. Putative role of carbon monoxide signaling pathway in penile erectile function. J Sex Med 2009; 6:49-60. [PMID: 19170836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile response depends on nitric oxide (NO) generated by NO synthase (NOS) enzyme of the nerves and vascular endothelium in the cavernous tissue. NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), leading to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase that activates Ca(2+)/ATPase pump that activates Ca(2+)/K efflux pump extruding Ca(2+) across the plasma membrane with consequent smooth muscle cell relaxation. A role similar to that of NOS/NO signaling has been postulated for carbon monoxide (CO) produced in mammals from heme catabolism by heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme. AIM To assess CO signaling pathway for erectile function by reviewing published studies. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on this affair based on Pubmed and Medical Subject Heading databases, with search for all concerned articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Documentation of positive as well as negative criteria of CO/HO signaling focused on penile tissue. RESULTS The concept that HO-derived CO could play a role in mediating erectile function acting in synergism with, or as a potentiator for, NOS/NO signaling pathway is gaining momentum. CO/HO signaling pathway has been shown to partially mediate the actions of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. In addition, it was shown that the use of CO releasing molecules potentiated cavernous cGMP levels. However, increased CO production or release was reported to be associated, in some studies, with vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION This review sheds a light on the significance of cavernous tissue CO signaling pathway that may pave the way for creation of therapeutic modalities based on this pathway.
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Abdel Aziz MT, Mostafa T, Atta H, Mahfouz S, Wassef M, Fouad H, Kamel M, Rashed L, Sabry D, Mouhamed O. Effect of HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex transfer on erectile signalling of aged rats. Andrologia 2009; 41:176-83. [PMID: 19400852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the efficacy of haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cDNA-liposome complex transfer as a mediator of erectile signalling in aged rats. One hundred and fifty aged white albino rats were equally divided into five groups: controls, rats receiving lipofectamine, rats receiving intracorporeal HO-1 cDNA-lipsome complex, rats receiving HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex plus nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and rats receiving HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex plus HO inhibitor. Six rats were killed from each group after 12, 24 and 48 h, and after1 and 2 weeks. In dissected cavernous tissues, the following were assessed: HO-1 gene expression, Western blot for HO-1, HO enzyme activity, cGMP and histopathology. The results showed that HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex transfer led to a significant increase in cavernous tissue HO-1 protein, HO-1 gene expression, HO enzyme activity and cGMP up to 1 week. NOS inhibition exhibited no effect on HO-1 gene enhancement of cavernous tissue HO enzyme activity or cGMP, whereas inhibition of HO significantly decreased these parameters. Histopathology of cavernous tissue demonstrated a significant dilatation of helicine arteries in HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex treated group after 48 h compared with the controls. It is concluded that HO-1 cDNA-liposome complex transfer augments cavernous tissue cGMP with subsequent sinusoidal relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Abdel Aziz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Increased expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene and protein in corpus cavernosum by repeated dosing of udenafil in a rat model of chemical diabetogenesis. Asian J Androl 2009; 11:435-42. [PMID: 19465935 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study investigates the relationship between ED and the downregulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of diabetic rats. It also examines the effects of udenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on ED and cNOS expression levels. After 16 weeks of daily oral treatment with udenafil in diabetic rats, the intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio was recorded to measure erectile function, and cNOS expression was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and immunoblots. Although the ICP/MAP ratio and the expression levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the CC were markedly decreased in diabetic rats, long-term udenafil treatment improved the erectile function and increased cNOS expression compared with diabetic controls. These findings suggest that ED in DM is closely related to decreased cNOS expression in the CC and that udenafil has the ability to compensate for this pathological change by modulating cNOS expression. Udenafil also has an inhibitory role in cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) degradation.
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Shamloul R. REVIEWS: The Potential Role of the Heme Oxygenase/Carbon Monoxide System in Male Sexual Dysfunctions. J Sex Med 2009; 6:324-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aziz MTA, Mostafa T, Atta H, Rashed L, Marzouk SA, Obaia EM, Sabry D, Hassouna AA, El-Shehaby AM, Aziz ATA. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in heme oxygenase-cGMP relationship in rat cavernous tissues. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1636-45. [PMID: 18208506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme catalyzes oxidative degradation of heme to biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO). CO shares many properties with nitric oxide (NO) including the activation of soluble guanyl cyclase. AIM To assess cavernous tissue HO activity and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in response to oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. METHODS Seven hundred twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into six groups, were investigated. Group 1, controls; group 2 received sildenafil citrate orally; group 3 received vardenafil hydrochloride; and group 4 received tadalafil. Group 5 was subdivided into three equal subgroups, received the same dose of each drug added to the HO inhibitor, Zn protoporphyrin. Group 6 was subdivided into three equal subgroups, received the same dose of each drug added to the NO inhibitor, L-nitroarginine methylester. Eight rats from each group/subgroup were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 18, 24, and 36 hours, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HO enzyme activity assay and cGMP tissue levels in dissected rat cavernous tissues. RESULTS Both cavernous tissue HO enzyme activity and cGMP levels were increased significantly in sildenafil-, vardenafil-, and tadalafil-treated rats compared with the controls, with significant decreases after either HO or NO inhibition. Cavernous tissue HO enzyme activity and cGMP showed a positive significant correlation (r = 0.854, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The effects of PDE5 inhibitors in cavernous tissue are partly mediated through HO enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Talaat Abdel Aziz
- Molecular Biology Unit, Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) hydrolyses cyclic guanylate monophosphate (cGMP) specifically to 5' GMP. PDE5 inhibitors were a breakthrough medication that addressed a previously unfulfilled medical need. They promoted vascular relaxation in the corpora cavernosa and penile erection during sexual stimulation. Sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil were approved then introduced as effective treatments for male erectile dysfunction. This impact has stimulated academic, clinical, and industrial research. AIM To highlight the nonerectogenic beneficial uses of oral PDE5 inhibitors. METHOD A systematic review of published studies in this affair based on a Pubmed and medical subject heading databases search of all concerned articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demonstrated beneficial as well as applicable uses of oral PDE5 inhibitors. RESULTS As chemical molecules, these drugs were shown to exert potential nonerectogenic beneficial effects. They showed efficacy as a useful adjunct in the management of pulmonary hypertension. Additional uses were extended to different utilities: essential hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gastrointestinal disorders, endothelial dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, genital blood flow, exercise capacity, Raynaud's phenomenon, sperm motility, etc. CONCLUSION Exploring PDE5 inhibitors for their possible medical applications in diverse specialties seems to be beneficial in making use of these molecules for the welfare of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Andrology & Sexology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Shyong MP, Lee FL, Hen WH, Kuo PC, Wu AC, Cheng HC, Chen SL, Tung TH, Tsao YP. Viral delivery of heme oxygenase-1 attenuates photoreceptor apoptosis in an experimental model of retinal detachment. Vision Res 2008; 48:2394-402. [PMID: 18713643 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of subretinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector expressing heme oxygenase-1 (rAAV-HO-1) in attenuating photoreceptor apoptosis induced by experimental retinal detachment (RD) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results disclosed that subretinal rAAV-HO-1 delivery achieved localized high HO-1 gene expression in retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared with rAAV-lacZ-injected eyes and eyes with RD left untreated both at 2 (p=0.003) and 28 (p=0.007) days of RD. The ONL thickness (p=0.018) and mean photoreceptor nuclei count (p=0.009) in eyes receiving rAAV-HO-1 injection was significantly higher than in rAAV-lacZ-injected or eyes with RD left untreated at 28 days of RD. There were fewer apoptotic photoreceptor nuclei at 2 (p=0.008) and 5 (p=0.018) days of RD and less activated caspase-3 expression (p=0.008) at 2 days of RD in rAAV-HO-1 treated eyes than in control eyes. These data supported that gene transfer approach might attenuate photoreceptor apoptosis caused by RD with a resultant better ONL preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Ping Shyong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abdel Aziz MT, El-Asmar MF, Mostafa T, Atta H, Fouad HH, Roshdy NK, Rashed LA, Obaia EA, Sabry DA, Abdel Aziz AT, Drummond G, Olszanecki R. Effect of hemin and carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM-3) on cGMP in rat penile tissue. J Sex Med 2007; 5:336-43. [PMID: 18179459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels can be regulated by heme oxygenase-1 and 2 (HO-1 and HO-2)-derived carbon monoxide (CO). AIMS Assessment of the effect of upregulating CO in rat corpora cavernosa (CC) on cavernous cGMP. METHODS Three experimental groups were studied: first group (N = 40), short-term HO induction over 2 weeks by injection of intraperitoneal increasing doses of hemin; the second group (N = 40) was subjected to intracavernosal injection of CO donor, CORM-3, or its inactive form (iCORM-3) over 2 weeks; the third group (N = 60) was subdivided into three subgroups: the first one received a combined hemin and CORM-3, the second one received hemin and its inhibitor stannus mesoporphyrin (SnMP), and third one received a combined hemin, CORM-3, and SnMP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In CC, HO-1 and HO-2 gene expression, Northern blot and Western blot, cGMP levels, and HO enzyme activity. RESULTS In the first group, maximum induction of HO-1 gene expression, HO enzyme activity, and cGMP occurred with 4-mg hemin dose with a successive increase over 2 weeks. In the second group, CORM-3 increased cGMP by twofold compared with iCORM-3, and also increased HO-1 protein. In the third group, SnMP inhibited the enhancing effect of CORM-3 and HO on erectile signaling molecules; i.e., HO-1 gene, enzyme activity, and cGMP. CONCLUSIONS CORM-3- or hemin-mediated CO release could increase cavernous tissue cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Talaat Abdel Aziz
- Molecular Biology Unit, Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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