1
|
Abi Zeid Daou KR. Refugee mothers mental health and social support needs: A systematic review of interventions for refugee mothers. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 18:337-349. [PMID: 36348821 PMCID: PMC9632558 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Refugee mothers endure and are at risk for depression, post-traumatic stress, suicidality, and anxiety. There is a gap in the literature regarding interventions for refugee mothers’ mental health and well-being. Interventions involving refugee mothers rarely provide adequate support for refugee mothers’ specific mental health needs and challenges. This paper presents empirical evidence to contextualize the risks refugee mothers face, such as gender-based violence, mental health challenges, and language barriers. Then, the paper provides a critical systematic review of interventions conducted with refugee mothers. The critical systematic review suggests that creating and providing a safe space, being a linguistic liaison, community-building, and advocating for refugee mothers’ needs are emergent protective factors for refugee mothers. Finally, based on the review, recommendations for future interventions followed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abi Zeid Daou KR, Abi Zeid Daou LR, Cousineau-Pérusse M. The Experiences of Syrian Mothers Who Are Refugees in Canada: An Exploration of Emotion Work and Coping. WOMEN & THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2021.2008520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Léa Roger Abi Zeid Daou
- Department of Integrated Studies in Education–Gender and Women’s Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papadopoulos I, Lazzarino R, Sakellaraki O, Dadãu V, Apostolara P, Kuckert-Wöstheinrich A, Mauceri M, Kouta C. Empowering refugee families in transit: the development of a culturally competent and compassionate training and support package. J Res Nurs 2021; 27:200-214. [PMID: 35813174 PMCID: PMC9264421 DOI: 10.1177/17449871211018736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refugee parents who fled conflicts suffered violence and traumas and face huge challenges in supporting the health and welfare of their children while in transit. Aims To describe the development of a culturally competent and compassionate training and support package (TSP) for nurses, social and health care workers and volunteers, with a focus on parenting needs among unsettled refugees fleeing conflict. Methods The multi-method approach included: a scoping review covering parenting needs of refugees fleeing conflict zones; collection of stories from refugee parents, healthcare workers and volunteers via a mobile application; discussions between team members; a piloted and evaluated curriculum. Results High levels of family distress and deterioration of parental identity were identified. Informed by these results, the curriculum is articulated along 20 bite-sized learning units, covering four age stages of childhood as well as targeting adults’ well-being. Pilot training was evaluated positively, confirming feasibility and usefulness of the TSP. Conclusions Unsettled refugee parents fleeing conflicts face psycho-social and practical difficulties negatively affecting their parenting skills. The care workforce should be trained in order to provide culturally competent and compassionate support to help these families. Open access digital platforms are promising as autodidactic and self-help tools among hard-to-reach populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Papadopoulos
- Head of the Research Centre, Department of Mental Health and Social Work, Middlesex University, UK
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Runa Lazzarino
- Anthropologist, Department of Mental Health and Social Work, Middlesex University, UK
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Sakellaraki
- Independent Consultant, Greece
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Victor Dadãu
- President, EDUNET Association, Romania
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Paraskevi Apostolara
- Lecturer, Nursing Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Andrea Kuckert-Wöstheinrich
- Lecturer, Nursing Department, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Austria; Senior Project Manager, St. Augustinus Gruppe, Germany
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Manuela Mauceri
- Neuroscientist and Social Psychologist, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Italy
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Kouta
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piñeros-Ortiz S, Moreno-Chaparro J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Urrego-Mendoza Z, Samacá-Samacá D, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents: An overview of literature reviews. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2021; 41:424-448. [PMID: 34559491 PMCID: PMC8525875 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Armed conflicts affect the mental health of children and adolescents. Their outcomes in these populations have been documented identifying vulnerability and significant biopsychosocial damage as the most common factors. Objective: To identify and synthesize the mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: We carried out a comprehensive and systematic search of reviews published until July 2019 in the MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and LILACS databases, as well as in additional sources. The information was retrieved and analyzed narratively by describing the characteristics and objectives of the studies and the mental health consequences of armed conflicts in three periods of time: pre-armed conflict, during the armed conflict, and post-conflict. Results. Out of 587 potentially relevant studies, we finally selected 72. In the pre-armed conflict period, we described in detail the psychological experiences and the anticipatory somatic symptoms. During the conflict, we identified regressive, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms such as enuresis, fear, sadness, aggression, hyperactivity, and inattention, among others. Direct mental health consequences such as adjustment disorders, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were also identified. Finally, in the postconflict period, we referred to the transmission of mental health consequences and resilience processes. On the other hand, we reviewed in depth the potential consequences of armed conflicts on biopsychosocial development, morality, identity, culture, education, and society. Conclusion. The development of mental health consequences due to the exposure to armed conflicts in these populations is a complex process that depends on the stage of the exposure, the length of the conflict, and contextual factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Piñeros-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación Violencia y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Jaime Moreno-Chaparro
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Zulma Urrego-Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación Violencia y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Daniel Samacá-Samacá
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
High Prevalence of Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress in Children of Refugee and Asylum Seeker Background. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
6
|
Salami B, Fernandez-Sanchez H, Fouche C, Evans C, Sibeko L, Tulli M, Bulaong A, Kwankye SO, Ani-Amponsah M, Okeke-Ihejirika P, Gommaa H, Agbemenu K, Ndikom CM, Richter S. A Scoping Review of the Health of African Immigrant and Refugee Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073514. [PMID: 33800663 PMCID: PMC8038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a growing phenomenon around the world, including within the African continent. Many migrants, especially African children, face challenges related to health and social inclusion and can face increased health risks. A systematic scoping review of available literature on the health of African migrant children across the globe was conducted to offer insight into these health risks. The review was conducted over a 15-month period from January 2019 to April 2020, yielding 6602 articles once duplicates were removed. This search included electronic databases, reference lists of articles reviewed, and searches of libraries of relevant organisations. A total of 187 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 159 were quantitative, 22 were qualitative, and 6 used mixed methods. The findings reveal decreased health in this population in areas of nutrition, infectious diseases, mental health, birth outcomes, sexual and reproductive health, physical and developmental health, parasitic infections, oral health, respiratory health, preventative health, endocrine disorders, health care services, and haematological conditions. The findings offer insights into factors influencing the health of African immigrant and refugee children. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to determine barriers to service access after migration and to investigate other underexplored and overlooked health concerns of African migrant children, including pneumonia and child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Higinio Fernandez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Christa Fouche
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 204 Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003-9282, USA;
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashley Bulaong
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephen Owusu Kwankye
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | - Mary Ani-Amponsah
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | | | - Hayat Gommaa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Sokoto Road, PMB 06, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Kafuli Agbemenu
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York (SUNY), University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | | | - Solina Richter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joh Henley
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Robinson
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Green AE, Weinberger SJ, Harder VS. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Mental Health Screening Tool for Newly Arrived Pediatric Refugees. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:494-501. [PMID: 32960360 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many refugee children have exposure to trauma prior to arrival and during resettlement. Mental health screening in primary care among resettled refugee children is needed. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen refugee children age 4-18 years at their Domestic Medical Examination and three other primary care visits in their first year of resettlement. We tested the association between time and SDQ score or intervention/referral, and differences based on geographic origin. SDQ scores were highest upon arrival (Ps < .0005). Referrals were most common at the six-month visit compared to arrival and one month (Ps < .01). Iraqi children had higher SDQ scores at all visits (Ps < .03). The SDQ can be used in primary care to screen newly arrived refugee children. Practitioners should screen at arrival to identify difficulties. Those with difficulties continuing at six months may need an intervention or referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Pediatric New American Program, University of Vermont Children's Hospital, 1 South Prospect St, Rehab 3, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Stanley J Weinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Pediatric New American Program, University of Vermont Children's Hospital, 1 South Prospect St, Rehab 3, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Valerie S Harder
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baker JR, Raman S, Kohlhoff J, George A, Kaplun C, Dadich A, Best CT, Arora A, Zwi K, Schmied V, Eapen V. Optimising refugee children's health/wellbeing in preparation for primary and secondary school: a qualitative inquiry. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:812. [PMID: 31242897 PMCID: PMC6595577 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children from refugee backgrounds are less likely to access appropriate health and social care than non-refugee children. Our aim was to identify refugee children’s health/wellbeing strengths and needs, and the barriers and enablers to accessing services while preparing for primary and secondary school, in a low socio-economic multicultural community in Australia. Method Ten focus groups were facilitated with Arabic-speaking refugee parents of children aged 2–5 years (n = 11) or in first year secondary school (n = 22); refugee adolescents starting high school (n = 16); and key service providers to refugee families (n = 27). Vignettes about a healthy child and a child with difficulties guided the discussions. Data was thematically analysed and feedback sought from the community via the World Café method. Results Personal resilience and strong family systems were identified as strengths. Mental health was identified as a complex primary need; and whilst refugees were aware of available services, there were issues in knowing how to access them. Opportunities for play/socialisation were recognised as unmet adolescent needs. Adults spoke of a need to support integration of “old” and “new” cultural values. Parents identified community as facilitating health knowledge transfer for new arrivals; whilst stakeholders saw this as a barrier when systems change. Most parents had not heard of early childhood services, and reported difficulty accessing child healthcare. Preschooler parents identified the family “GP” as the main source of health support; whilst parents of adolescents valued their child’s school. Health communication in written (not spoken) English was a significant roadblock. Differences in refugee family and service provider perceptions were also evident. Conclusions Refugee families face challenges to accessing services, but also have strengths that enable them to optimise their children’s wellbeing. Culturally-tailored models of care embedded within GP services and school systems may assist improved healthcare for refugee families. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7183-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jess R Baker
- the University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital Mental Health Centre Level 1, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
| | - Shanti Raman
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Health Services Building Level 3, Cnr Campbell & Goulburn St, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Karitane, 138-150 The Horsley Dr, Carramar, NSW, 2163, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia.,South Western Sydney Local Health District, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia.,University of Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia
| | - Catherine Kaplun
- Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ann Dadich
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Australia
| | - Catherine T Best
- Western Sydney University, The MARCS Institute, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Science and Health, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Oral Health Service, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Karen Zwi
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Corner Avoca and Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Virginia Schmied
- Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney (AUCS), University of New South Wales & Ingham Institute, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, Sydney, 2170, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, Sydney, 2170, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Messiah A, Lacoste J, Gokalsing E, Shultz JM, Rodríguez de la Vega P, Castro G, Acuna JM. Mental Health Impact of Hosting Disaster Refugees: Analyses from a Random Sample Survey Among Haitians Living in Miami. South Med J 2017; 109:458-64. [PMID: 27490654 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on the mental health of families hosting disaster refugees are lacking. This study compares participants in households that hosted 2010 Haitian earthquake disaster refugees with their nonhost counterparts. METHODS A random sample survey was conducted from October 2011 through December 2012 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Haitian participants were assessed regarding their 2010 earthquake exposure and impact on family and friends and whether they hosted earthquake refugees. Using standardized scores and thresholds, they were evaluated for symptoms of three common mental disorders (CMDs): posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD). RESULTS Participants who hosted refugees (n = 51) had significantly higher percentages of scores beyond thresholds for MDD than those who did not host refugees (n = 365) and for at least one CMD, after adjusting for participants' earthquake exposures and effects on family and friends. CONCLUSIONS Hosting refugees from a natural disaster appears to elevate the risk for MDD and possibly other CMDs, independent of risks posed by exposure to the disaster itself. Families hosting refugees deserve special attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Messiah
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Jérôme Lacoste
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Erick Gokalsing
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - James M Shultz
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Pura Rodríguez de la Vega
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Grettel Castro
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Juan M Acuna
- From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Uzel Tanrıverdi B, Öztürk M, Gözaçanlar Ö, Yörük Ülker G, Özkan Y. Immigration-related mental health disorders in refugees 5-18 years old living in Turkey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2813-2821. [PMID: 29180867 PMCID: PMC5691958 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed early-onset psychiatric disorders and factors related to these disorders in a group of refugee children after immigration due to war. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2016. Clinical interviews were conducted with 89 children and their families, and were performed by native speakers of Arabic and Persian who had been primarily educated in these languages and were living in Turkey. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) that had Arabic and Persian validity and reliability was applied to both children and their families. Independent variables for cases with and without a psychiatric disorder were analyzed using the χ2 test for categorical variables, Student's t-test for those that were normally distributed, and Mann-Whitney U-test for data that were not normally distributed. Data that showed significant differences between groups who had a psychiatric disorder and on common effects in emerging psychiatric disorders were analyzed through binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 89 children and adolescents were interviewed within the scope of the study. The mean age of cases was 9.96±3.98 years, and 56.2% (n=50) were girls, while 43.8% (n=39) were boys. Among these children, 47 (52.8%) had come from Syria, 27 (30.3%) from Iraq, 14 (15.7%) from Afghanistan, and 1 (1.1%) from Iran. A psychiatric disorder was found in 44 (49.4%) of the children. A total of 26 children were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 12 with depressive disorders, 8 with trauma and related disorders, 5 with elimination disorders, 4 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3 with intellectual disabilities. It was determined that seeing a dead or injured person during war/emigration and the father's unemployment increased the risk of psychopathology. The OR was 7.077 (95% CI 1.722-29.087) for having seen a dead or injured individual and 4.51 (95% GA 1.668-12.199) for father's employment status. CONCLUSION Within the context of war and emigration, these children try to cope with the negative circumstances they experience prior to migration, as well as the despair they see their parents experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gülsüm Yörük Ülker
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yekta Özkan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Annually, over 80,000 refugees enter the United States as a result of political or religious persecution. Of these, approximately 35% to 40% are children and adolescents. Refugees are faced with challenges associated with living conditions, cultural and social norms, and socioeconomic status due to problems occurring in their homelands. These challenges include but are not limited to malnutrition, communicable disease, questionable immunization status, lack of formal education, sexual abuse, violence, torture, human trafficking, homelessness, poverty, and a lack of access to health care. Moreover, the psychological impact of relocation and the stress of acculturation may perpetuate many of these existing challenges, particularly for refugee youth, with limited or underdeveloped coping skills. School nurses are uniquely poised to support refugee youth in the transition process, improve overall health, and facilitate access to primary health services. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the unique refugee experience, examine the key health care needs of the population, and present school nurses with timely and relevant resources to assist in caring for refugee youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Beard
- Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Dena Evans
- Associate Professor, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ciaccia KA, John RM. Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors: Where to Begin. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:231-40. [PMID: 26858232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) from Central America significantly increased in 2014. Nearly 50,000 children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras crossed the United States-Mexico border in 2014, compared with 3,933 in 2011. Few resources exist to guide pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) in their care of UIM. The multifactorial reasons behind migration and the state of children's health in Central America provide insight into the needs of UIMs. Guidelines for similar groups such as foreign-born children and refugees offer direction for the health care considerations of UIMs. This article provides demographic information on UIMs, highlights the unique and challenging medical and mental health issues facing UIMs, and discusses the role of the PNP. A UIM's initial visit with a PNP serves as an opportunity to build trust through culturally competent, trauma-informed care, provide preventive care, assess for unmet health needs, and screen for mental health conditions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Afifi WA, Afifi TD, Robbins S, Nimah N. The relative impacts of uncertainty and mothers' communication on hopelessness among Palestinian refugee youth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2013; 83:495-504. [PMID: 24164521 DOI: 10.1111/ajop.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The life of adolescent refugees has been described as uncertainty laden. Yet no quantitative data exist to elucidate that experience of uncertainty, investigate its implications in that population, or explore potential moderators. This study applies the Entropy Model of Uncertainty (Hirsh, Mar, & Peterson, 2012) and the stress-buffering hypothesis (for review, see Hegelson, 2003) to examine the experience of uncertainty among adolescent Palestinians living in refugee camps in Lebanon. It then tests the role of mothers' uncertainty-related communication for adolescent hopelessness. One hundred and sixty-two adolescents across 2 refugee camps in Lebanon participated in the study. Results support the existence of elevated levels of uncertainty about both personal and macrosecurity, show an association between uncertainty regarding personal security and levels of hopelessness, and suggest that uncertainty's negative impact may overwhelm the role of mothers' supportive communication as a buffer against hopelessness. Interestingly, the data also suggest surprisingly little hopelessness in this population.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Climate change is an emerging challenge to the mental health of entire humanity. Several studies, in recent times, have brought to light the adverse public mental health outcomes of extreme weather events for the suffering communities. The general public and the policy making bodies need to gain awareness about these impacts. Through such awareness, communities and their governments can institutionalize mechanisms to provide psychological support to the populations affected by climate change, before it becomes a massive public health challenge and starts affecting the social and vocational lives of people. There is an urgent need for addressing these impacts. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the deleterious effects of climate change related extreme weather events on mental health, the worldwide response of several communities to such events, and preparedness of the public and government to deal with these adverse mental health impacts. Policy imperatives to prevent and mitigate these impacts have been suggested. It is hoped that the psychologists, governments, and communities will act earnestly to prevent the impending harm to human mental health due to climate change.
Collapse
|