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Salvianolic Acid B Strikes Back: New Evidence in the Modulation of Expression and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238514. [PMID: 36500603 PMCID: PMC9740829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a bioactive compound from Salviae miltiorrhizae, one of the most important traditional herbal medicines widely used in several countries for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of SalB on the expression and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a zinc-dependent proteolytic enzyme, in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This cellular model is characterized by a marked invasive phenotype, supported by a high constitutive expression of MMPs, especially gelatinases. SalB was first of all evaluated by in silico approaches primarily aimed at predicting the main pharmacokinetic parameters. The most favorable interaction between the natural compound and MMP-9 was instead tested by molecular docking analysis that was subsequently verified by an enzymatic inhibition assay. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with SalB 5 µM and 50 µM for 24 h and 48 h. The conditioned media obtained from treated cells were then analyzed by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography to, respectively, evaluate the MMP-9 activity and the presence of TIMP-1. The expression of the enzyme was then evaluated by Western blot on conditioned media and by analysis of transcripts through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in silico approach showed the ability of SalB to interact with the catalytic zinc ion of the enzyme, with a plausible competitive mode of action. The analysis of conditioned culture media showed a reduction in MMP-9 activity and the concomitant decrease in the enzyme concentration, partially confirmed by analysis of transcripts. SalB showed the ability to modulate the function of MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time in which the role of SalB on MMP-9 in a highly invasive cellular model is investigated. The obtained results impose further and more specific evaluations in order to obtain a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate the interaction between this natural compound and the MMP-9.
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Das S, Amin SA, Jha T. Inhibitors of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) for the management of hematological malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113623. [PMID: 34157437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are collectively known as gelatinases whereas MMP-2 is gelatinase-A and MMP-9 is termed as gelatinase-B. Gelatinases and other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have long been associated with solid tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, there is paucity of data available regarding the role of gelatinases in hematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that gelatinases activities or functions are correlated with hematological malignancies. Strategies for designing more specific gelatinase inhibitors like catalytic (CAT) domain inhibitors and hemopexin (PEX) domain inhibitors as well as signaling pathway based or gelatinase expression inhibitors had been reported against hematologic malignant cells. Several substrate based non-selective to non-substrate based relatively selective synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) had been developed. Few MMPIs had reached in clinical trials during the period of 1990s-2000s. Unfortunately the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic efficacies of these MMPIs were not justified with patients having several advanced stage solid tumor cancers in any substantial number of clinical trials. Till date not a single MMPI passed phase III clinical trials designed for advanced metastatic cancers due to adverse events as well as lack of ability to show uniformity in disease prolongation. With the best of our knowledge no clinical trial study has been reported with small molecule synthetic inhibitors against hematological malignancies. This review looks at the outcome of clinical trials of MMPIs for advanced stage solid tumors. This can therefore, act as a learning experience for future development of successful gelatinase inhibitors for the management of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Das
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Li W, Zhang Y, Li F, Shi Y, Wang Y. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats and Its Implication. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female endocrine disorder and frequently leads to infertility. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has crucial roles and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is correlated with cell migration. Both of them are involved in the occurrence and progression
of PCOS. This study established a rat PCOS model using letrozole to measure the expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (MMP-2/9), to analyze its correlation with PCOS. Letrozole was applied by gavage to establish rat PCOS model. General condition and ovarian tissue morphology were observed under
a light field microscope. ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect serum or tissue expression of VEGF, MMP-2/9. Estrous cycle of rats was disrupted after 12 d for using letrozole. Vaginal smear showed abundant leukocytes with sparse keratinocytes. Ovary showed whitening and
increased volume, with early phase small follicles plus lower granular cells or corpus luteum. Compared to control group, experimental group had significantly higher VEGF, MMP-2/9 (P < 0.05), which were higher in antral follicles than those in preantral follicle with higher expressions
than primordial follicle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, VEGF, MMP-2/9 are abundantly expressed in both serum and tissues of PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Yufen Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
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Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are chronic wounds that develop in 30% of diabetic patients. In DFUs, the normal wound healing process consisting of inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is dysregulated and stalled. Upon injury, neutrophils and monocytes arrive at the wound and secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS activates nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), which upregulates MMP-9. Monocytes become macrophages, secreting tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for angiogenesis, resulting in remodeling of the ECM. MMP-9 cleaves laminin for keratinocyte migration. MMP-8 is beneficial for remodeling the ECM and healing the wound. In DFUs, the excess unregulated MMP-9 is detrimental, destroying the ECM and preventing the wound from healing. DFUs are typically infected, many with biofilm-producing bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Infection increases the time for wound healing and the likelihood for a lower-limb amputation. Despite the use of antibiotics, amputations occur in 24.5% of patients with DFUs. Clearly, new strategies for treatment of DFUs are needed. With the use of an affinity resin that binds exclusively to the active forms of MMPs and proteomics, we identified two proteinases, MMP-8 and MMP-9, in wounds of diabetic mice and diabetic humans. With the use of selective inhibitors, gene ablation of MMP-9, and exogenous application of MMP-8, we demonstrated that MMP-8 is beneficial to wound repair and that MMP-9 prevents the diabetic wound from healing. Our research has shown that infection increases active MMP-9, increasing inflammation and decreasing angiogenesis. As a result, infected diabetic wounds take a longer time to heal than uninfected ones. We found that active MMP-9 and NF-κB increased in human DFUs with wound severity and infection. The best strategy for treatment of DFUs is to selectively inhibit the detrimental proteinase MMP-9 without affecting the beneficial MMP-8 so that the body can repair the wound. Lead optimization of the thiirane class of inhibitors led to the discovery of (R)-ND-336, a potent (19 nM) and selective (450-fold) MMP-9 inhibitor. (R)-ND-336 accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice by decreasing ROS and NF-κB, lowering inflammation, and increasing angiogenesis. (R)-ND-336 in combination with the antibiotic linezolid improved wound healing in infected diabetic mice by inhibiting MMP-9, which mitigated macrophage infiltration and increased angiogenesis, thereby restoring the normal wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Trung T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Hohn M, Chang M, Meisel JE, Frost E, Schwegmann K, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Riemann B, Haufe G, Breyholz H, Wagner S. Synthesis and Preliminary In Vitroand In VivoEvaluation of Thiirane‐Based Slow‐Binding MMP Inhibitors as Potential Radiotracers for PET Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hohn
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Münster Corrensstr. 40 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney HallUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556–5710 USA
| | - Jayda E. Meisel
- Chemical, BiologicalRadiological, Nuclearand Explosive DefenseBattelle Memorial Institute 505 King Avenue Columbus Ohio 43201 USA
| | - Emma Frost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney HallUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556–5710 USA
| | - Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Münster Corrensstr. 40 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
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Myasoedova VA, Chistiakov DA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Matrix metalloproteinases in pro-atherosclerotic arterial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:159-167. [PMID: 30172754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a family of Zn2+ endopeptidases that process various components of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes are also involved in activation and inhibition of signaling cascades through proteolytic cleavage of surface receptors. Moreover, MMPs play a key role in tissue remodeling and and repair. Dysregulation of MMPs is observed in patholofgical conditions, including atherosclerosis, which is associated with hyperactivation of MMPs, aberrant tissue remodeling and neovascularization of the growing atherosclerotic plaques. This makes MMPs interesting therapeutic targets that can be employed for developing novel therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications. Currently, a growing number of synthetic MMP inhibitors is available. In this review, we will discuss the role of these enzymes in atherosclerosis pathology and the ways of their pothential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
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Ahanthem D, Laitonjam WS. C(sp2
)−O Bond Formation through a Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction in Water Enabled by Micellar Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dini Ahanthem
- Chemistry Department; Manipur University; Manipur India
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8
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Aoyagi N, Endo T. A Catalyst-Free and Chemoselective Synthesis of Episulfides from Epoxides in 2,3-Butanediol without Formation of Poly(episulfide)s. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Aoyagi
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kindai University; 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kindai University; 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Investigational and Therapeutic Tools in Unrestrained Tissue Remodeling and Pathological Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:355-420. [PMID: 28662828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also regulate the activity of membrane receptors and postreceptor signaling mechanisms and thereby affect cell function. The MMP family includes collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and other MMPs. Inactive proMMPs are cleaved by other MMPs or proteases into active MMPs, which interact with various protein substrates in ECM and cell surface. MMPs regulate important biological processes such as vascular remodeling and angiogenesis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. The role of MMPs is often assessed by measuring their mRNA expression, protein levels, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. MMP inhibitors are also used to assess the role of MMPs in different biological processes and pathological conditions. MMP activity is regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP balance could determine the net MMP activity, ECM turnover, and tissue remodeling. Also, several synthetic MMP inhibitors have been developed. Synthetic MMP inhibitors include a large number of zinc-binding globulins (ZBGs), in addition to non-ZBGs and mechanism-based inhibitors. MMP inhibitors have been proposed as potential tools in the management of osteoarthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. However, most MMP inhibitors have broad-spectrum actions on multiple MMPs and could cause undesirable musculoskeletal side effects. Currently, doxycycline is the only MMP inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. New generation biological and synthetic MMP inhibitors may show greater MMP specificity and fewer side effects and could be useful in targeting specific MMPs, reducing unrestrained tissue remodeling, and the management of MMP-related pathological disorders.
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10
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Meisel JE, Chang M. Selective small-molecule inhibitors as chemical tools to define the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2001-2014. [PMID: 28435009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this article is to highlight novel inhibitors and current examples where the use of selective small-molecule inhibitors has been critical in defining the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in disease. Selective small-molecule inhibitors are surgical chemical tools that can inhibit the targeted enzyme; they are the method of choice to ascertain the roles of MMPs and complement studies with knockout animals. This strategy can identify targets for therapeutic development as exemplified by the use of selective small-molecule MMP inhibitors in diabetic wound healing, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, cancer metastasis, and viral infection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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11
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Huang YK, Fan XG, Qiu F. TM4SF1 Promotes Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis in Human Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050661. [PMID: 27153056 PMCID: PMC4881487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 1 (TM4SF1) is a member of tetraspanin family, which mediates signal transduction events regulating cell development, activation, growth and motility. Our previous studies showed that TM4SF1 is highly expressed in liver cancer. HepG2 cells were transfected with TM4SFl siRNA and TM4SF1-expressing plasmids and their biological functions were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. HepG2 cells overexpressing TM4SF1 showed reduced apoptosis and increased cell migration in vitro and enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of TM4SF1 had the opposite effect. TM4SF1 exerts its effect by regulating a few apoptosis- and migration-related genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. These results indicate that TM4SF1 is associated with liver tumor growth and progression, suggesting that TM4SF1 may be a potential target for treatment of liver cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Fu Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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12
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13
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Lee M, Chen Z, Tomlinson BN, Gooyit M, Hesek D, Juárez MR, Nizam R, Boggess B, Lastochkin E, Schroeder VA, Wolter WR, Suckow MA, Cui J, Mobashery S, Gu Z, Chang M. Water-Soluble MMP-9 Inhibitor Reduces Lesion Volume after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1658-64. [PMID: 26241578 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SB-3CT is a potent and selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, which has shown efficacy in an animal model of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, SB-3CT is poorly water-soluble and is metabolized primarily to p-hydroxy SB-3CT (2), a more potent inhibitor than SB-3CT. We synthesized the O-phosphate prodrug (3) of compound 2 to enhance its water solubility by more than 2000-fold. The prodrug 3 was a poor MMP inhibitor, but readily hydrolyzed to the active 2 in human blood. Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution studies in mice showed that 2 crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and achieved therapeutic concentrations in the brain. The prodrug 3/compound 2 was evaluated in a mouse model of severe TBI and found to significantly decrease the brain lesion volume and improve neurological outcomes. MMP-9 inhibition by a water-soluble thiirane inhibitor is a promising therapy for treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenzhou Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Brittany N. Tomlinson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | | | | | - María Raquel Juárez
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Rasheeq Nizam
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiancun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | | | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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14
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Lee M, Rucil T, Hesek D, Oliver AG, Fisher JF, Mobashery S. Regioselective Control of the SNAr Amination of 5-Substituted-2,4-Dichloropyrimidines Using Tertiary Amine Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7757-63. [PMID: 26154983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The SNAr reaction of 2,4-dichloropyrimidines, further substituted with an electron-withdrawing substituent at C-5, has selectivity for substitution at C-4. Here we report that tertiary amine nucleophiles show excellent C-2 selectivity. In situ N-dealkylation of an intermediate gives the product that formally corresponds to the reaction of a secondary amine nucleophile at C-2. This reaction is practical (fast under simple reaction conditions, with good generality for tertiary amine structure and moderate to excellent yields) and significantly expands access to pyrimidine structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Tomas Rucil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Dusan Hesek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Ni G, Li C, Xu S, Zhang Z, Xie X. The coupling reactions of aryl halides and phenols catalyzed by palladium and MOP-type ligands. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Immobilized Enzyme Reactor Chromatography for Online Gelatinase Inhibitors Screening. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Hadass O, Tomlinson BN, Gooyit M, Chen S, Purdy JJ, Walker JM, Zhang C, Giritharan AB, Purnell W, Robinson CR, Shin D, Schroeder VA, Suckow MA, Simonyi A, Sun GY, Mobashery S, Cui J, Chang M, Gu Z. Selective inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 attenuates secondary damage resulting from severe traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76904. [PMID: 24194849 PMCID: PMC3806745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Following the initial insult, severe TBI progresses to a secondary injury phase associated with biochemical and cellular changes. The secondary injury is thought to be responsible for the development of many of the neurological deficits observed after TBI and also provides a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 or gelatinase B) expression is elevated in neurological diseases and its activation is an important factor in detrimental outcomes including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and increases in inflammatory responses and astrogliosis. In this study, we used an experimental mouse model of TBI to examine the role of MMP-9 and the therapeutic potential of SB-3CT, a mechanism-based gelatinase selective inhibitor, in ameliorating the secondary injury. We observed that activation of MMP-9 occurred within one day following TBI, and remained elevated for 7 days after the initial insult. SB-3CT effectively attenuated MMP-9 activity, reduced brain lesion volumes and prevented neuronal loss and dendritic degeneration. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that SB-3CT and its active metabolite, p-OH SB-3CT, were rapidly absorbed and distributed to the brain. Moreover, SB-3CT treatment mitigated microglial activation and astrogliosis after TBI. Importantly, SB-3CT treatment improved long-term neurobehavioral outcomes, including sensorimotor function, and hippocampus-associated spatial learning and memory. These results demonstrate that MMP-9 is a key target for therapy to attenuate secondary injury cascades and that this class of mechanism-based gelatinase inhibitor–with such desirable pharmacokinetic properties–holds considerable promise as a potential pharmacological treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Hadass
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; MS in Pathology Program, University of Missouri Graduate School, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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18
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Kucukguven A, Khalil RA. Matrix metalloproteinases as potential targets in the venous dilation associated with varicose veins. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14:287-324. [PMID: 23316963 PMCID: PMC3584231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Varicose veins (VVs) are a common venous disease of the lower extremity characterized by incompetent valves, venous reflux, and dilated and tortuous veins. If untreated, VVs could lead to venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and chronic venous leg ulcers. Various genetic, hormonal and environmental factors may lead to structural changes in the vein valves and make them incompetent, leading to venous reflux, increased venous pressure and vein wall dilation. Prolonged increases in venous pressure and vein wall tension are thought to increase the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane- type MMPs and others. MMPs are known to degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also affect the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle, causing changes in the vein relaxation and contraction mechanisms. Endothelial cell injury also triggers leukocyte infiltration, activation and inflammation, which lead to further vein wall damage. The vein wall dilation and valve dysfunction, and the MMP activation and superimposed inflammation and fibrosis would lead to progressive venous dilation and VVs formation. Surgical ablation is an effective treatment for VVs, but may be associated with high recurrence rate, and other less invasive approaches that target the cause of the disease are needed. MMP inhibitors including endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, batimastat and marimastat, have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease. However, MMP inhibitors may have side effects especially on the musculoskeletal system. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects could be useful to retard the progression and prevent the recurrence of VVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Kucukguven
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Gooyit M, Suckow MA, Schroeder VA, Wolter WR, Mobashery S, Chang M. Selective gelatinase inhibitor neuroprotective agents cross the blood-brain barrier. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:730-6. [PMID: 23077716 DOI: 10.1021/cn300062w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SB-3CT, a potent and selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, has shown efficacy in several animal models of neurological diseases. One of the greatest challenges in the development of therapeutics for neurological diseases is the inability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. A sensitive bioanalytical method based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography with multiple-reaction monitoring detection was developed to measure levels of SB-3CT, its active metabolite, the α-methyl analogue, and its p-hydroxy metabolite in plasma and brain. The compounds are rapidly absorbed and are readily distributed to the brain. The pharmacokinetic properties of these gelatinase inhibitors and the efficacy shown by SB-3CT in animal models of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal cord injury indicate that this class of compounds holds considerable promise in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major Gooyit
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A. Suckow
- Freimann Life Sciences Center
and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Valerie A. Schroeder
- Freimann Life Sciences Center
and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R. Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center
and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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20
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Santamaria S, Nuti E, Cercignani G, Marinelli L, La Pietra V, Novellino E, Rossello A. N-O-Isopropyl sulfonamido-based hydroxamates: Kinetic characterisation of a series of MMP-12/MMP-13 dual target inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:813-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Lee M, Ikejiri M, Klimpel D, Toth M, Espahbodi M, Hesek D, Forbes C, Kumarasiri M, Noll BC, Chang M, Mobashery S. Structure-Activity Relationship for Thiirane-Based Gelatinase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:490-495. [PMID: 22737278 DOI: 10.1021/ml300050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive structure-activity relationship study with the template of 2-(4-phenoxyphenylsulfonylmethyl)thiirane (1), a potent and highly selective inhibitor for human gelatinases, is reported herein. Syntheses of 65 new analogs, each in multistep processes, allowed for exploration of key structural components of the molecular template. This study reveals that the presence of the sulfonylmethylthiirane and the phenoxyphenyl group were important for gelatinase inhibition. However, para- and some meta-substitutions of the terminal phenyl ring enhanced inhibitory activity, and led to improve metabolic stability. This agrees with the result from metabolism studies with compound 1 that the primary route of biotransformation is oxidation, mainly at the para position of the phenyl ring and alpha position of the sulfonyl group in the aliphatic side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Masahiro Ikejiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Dennis Klimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Mana Espahbodi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Dusan Hesek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Christopher Forbes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Bruce C. Noll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
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22
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:209-79. [PMID: 22642194 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs could also regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates and consequently affect different cellular functions. Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. Pro-MMPs are cleaved into active MMPs, which in turn act on various substrates in the ECM and on the cell surface. MMPs play an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. MMPs may also be involved in vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and varicose veins. MMPs also play a role in the hemodynamic and vascular changes associated with pregnancy and preeclampsia. The role of MMPs is commonly assessed by measuring their gene expression, protein amount, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. Because there are no specific activators of MMPs, MMP inhibitors are often used to investigate the role of MMPs in different physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. MMP inhibitors include endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, and marimastat. MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although several MMP inhibitors have been synthesized and tested both experimentally and clinically, only one MMP inhibitor, i.e., doxycycline, is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This is mainly due to the undesirable side effects of MMP inhibitors especially on the musculoskeletal system. While most experimental and clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have not demonstrated significant benefits, some trials still showed promising results. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, disease-specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects are being developed and could be useful in the management of vascular disease.
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23
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Gooyit M, Lee M, Schroeder VA, Ikejiri M, Suckow MA, Mobashery S, Chang M. Selective water-soluble gelatinase inhibitor prodrugs. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6676-90. [PMID: 21866961 DOI: 10.1021/jm200566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SB-3CT (1), a selective and potent thiirane-based gelatinase inhibitor, is effective in animal models of cancer metastasis and stroke; however, it is limited by poor aqueous solubility and extensive metabolism. We addressed these issues by blocking the primary site of metabolism and capitalizing on a prodrug strategy to achieve >5000-fold increased solubility. The amide prodrugs were quantitatively hydrolyzed in human blood to a potent gelatinase inhibitor, ND-322 (3). The arginyl amide prodrug (ND-478, 5d) was metabolically stable in mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes. Both 5d and 3 were nonmutagenic in the Ames II mutagenicity assay. The prodrug 5d showed moderate clearance of 0.0582 L/min/kg, remained mostly in the extracellular fluid compartment (Vd = 0.0978 L/kg), and had a terminal half-life of >4 h. The prodrug 5d had superior pharmacokinetic properties than those of 3, making the thiirane class of selective gelatinase inhibitors suitable for intravenous administration in the treatment of acute gelatinase-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major Gooyit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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24
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Garripelli VK, Kim JK, Son S, Kim WJ, Repka MA, Jo S. Matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive thermogelling polymer for bioresponsive local drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1984-92. [PMID: 21300184 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of a successful bioresponsive drug delivery system requires exquisite engineering of the materials so that they are able to respond to signals stemming from the physiological environment. In this study we propose a new Pluronic(®) based thermogelling system containing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) responsive peptide sequences. A novel thermosensitive multiblock co-polymer comprising an MMP2-labile octapeptide (Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys) was synthesized from a Pluronic(®) triblock co-polymer. The polymer was designed to form a thermogel at body temperature and degrade in the presence of MMP overexpressed in a tumor. The synthesized polymer was a multiblock co-polymer with ∼2.5 U of Pluronic(®). The multiblock co-polymer solutions exhibited reverse thermal gelation around body temperature. The gelation temperatures of the multiblock co-polymer solutions were lower than those of the corresponding Pluronic(®) monomer at a particular concentration. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized polymer was lower compared with the monomer. The solubility of the hydrophobic anticancer drug paclitaxel was enhanced in the polymer solutions by micelle formation. The synthesized polymer was preferentially degraded in the presence of MMP. Paclitaxel release was dependent on the enzyme concentration. These findings suggest that the synthesized polymer has potential as a controlled drug delivery system due to its unique phase transition and bioresponsive behavior.
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25
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Nuti E, Casalini F, Santamaria S, Gabelloni P, Bendinelli S, Da Pozzo E, Costa B, Marinelli L, La Pietra V, Novellino E, Margarida Bernardo M, Fridman R, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Rossello A. Synthesis and biological evaluation in U87MG glioma cells of (ethynylthiophene)sulfonamido-based hydroxamates as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2617-29. [PMID: 21514700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important factors in gliomas since these enzymes facilitate invasion into the surrounding brain and participate in neovascularization. In particular, the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and more recently MMP-25, have been shown to be highly expressed in gliomas and have been associated with disease progression. Thus, inhibition of these MMPs may represent a promising non-cytotoxic approach to glioma treatment. We report herein the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 4-butylphenyl(ethynylthiophene)sulfonamido-based hydroxamates. Among the new compounds tested, a promising derivative, 5a, was identified, which exhibits nanomolar inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-25, but weak inhibitory activity toward other members of the MMP family. This compound also exhibited anti-invasive activity of U87MG glioblastoma cells at nanomolar concentrations, without affecting cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Zhang H, Chang M, Hansen CN, Basso DM, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and therapeutic benefits of their inhibition in spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8:206-20. [PMID: 21455784 PMCID: PMC3077748 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will focus on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI). MMPs have a specific cellular and temporal pattern of expression in the injured spinal cord. Here we consider their diverse functions in the acutely injured cord and during wound healing. Excessive activity of MMPs, and in particular gelatinase B (MMP-9), in the acutely injured cord contributes to disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and the influx of leukocytes into the injured cord, as well as apoptosis. MMP-9 and MMP-2 regulate inflammation and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury and may contribute to SCI-induced pain. Early pharmacologic inhibition of MMPs or the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) results in an improvement in long-term neurological recovery and is associated with reduced glial scarring and neuropathic pain. During wound healing, gelatinase A (MMP-2) plays a critical role in limiting the formation of an inhibitory glial scar, and mice that are genetically deficient in this protease showed impaired recovery. Together, these findings illustrate complex, temporally distinct roles of MMPs in SCIs. As early gelatinase activity is detrimental, there is an emerging interest in developing gelatinase-targeted therapeutics that would be specifically tailored to the acute injured spinal cord. Thus, we focus this review on the development of selective gelatinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0110, USA.
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27
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Testero SA, Llarrull LI, Fisher JF, Chang M, Mobashery S. Exploring the functional space of thiiranes as gelatinase inhibitors using click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2011:221-226. [PMID: 32774191 DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0012.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-[(triazolyl)methoxy]phenyl analogs of the phenoxyphenyl-substituted thiirane SB-3CT 1 was evaluated for its ability to inhibit gelatinases, members of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes. The triazole segment of these inhibitors was assembled using the Meldal-Sharpless copper-catalyzed Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition of an azide and a terminal alkyne. While these triazole derivatives possessed fair activity as gelatinase inhibitors, an intermediate used in the dipolar cycloaddition, 4-(propargyloxy)phenyl derivative 2, showed very good activity (>50% inhibitory activity following a 3 h pre-incubation of 2 at a concentration of 3 μM) as an inhibitor of human matrix metalloproteinase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Testero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Leticia I Llarrull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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28
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Testero SA, Lee M, Staran RT, Espahbodi M, Llarrull LI, Toth M, Mobashery S, Chang M. Sulfonate-containing thiiranes as selective gelatinase inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:177-81. [PMID: 24900296 DOI: 10.1021/ml100254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important zinc-dependent endopeptidases. Two members of this family of enzymes called gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) have been implicated in a number of human diseases, including cancer, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation, to name a few. We describe in this report the preparation and evaluation of two structural types of thiirane inhibitors that show selectivity toward gelatinases. The biphenyl series targets both gelatinases, whereas the monophenyl analogues exhibit potent inhibition of only MMP-2. The latter structural type also exhibits improved water solubility and metabolic stability, both traits desirable for progress of these molecules forward in gelatinase-dependent animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Testero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rachel T. Staran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mana Espahbodi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Leticia I. Llarrull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Gooyit M, Lee M, Hesek D, Boggess B, Oliver AG, Fridman R, Mobashery S, Chang M. Synthesis, kinetic characterization and metabolism of diastereomeric 2-(1-(4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl)ethyl)thiiranes as potent gelatinase and MT1-MMP inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:535-46. [PMID: 19824893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) have been implicated in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Hence, small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes are highly sought for use as potential therapeutic agents. 2-(4-Phenoxyphenylsulfonylmethyl)thiirane (SB-3CT) has previously been demonstrated to be a potent and selective inhibitor of gelatinases, however, it is rapidly metabolized because of oxidation at the para position of the phenoxy ring and at the alpha-position to the sulfonyl group. alpha-Methyl variants of SB-3CT were conceived to improve metabolic stability and as mechanistic probes. We describe herein the synthesis and evaluation of these structural variants as potent inhibitors of gelatinases. Two (compounds 5b and 5d) among the four synthetic stereoisomers were found to exhibit slow-binding inhibition of gelatinases and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP), which is a hallmark of the mechanism of this class of inhibitors. The ability of these compounds to inhibit MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 could target cancer tissues more effectively. Metabolism of the newly synthesized inhibitors showed that both oxidation at the alpha-position to the sulfonyl group and oxidation at the para position of the terminal phenyl ring were prevented. Instead oxidation on the thiirane sulfur is the only biotransformation pathway observed for these gelatinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major Gooyit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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30
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To bind zinc or not to bind zinc: an examination of innovative approaches to improved metalloproteinase inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1803:72-94. [PMID: 19712708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This short review highlights some recent advances in matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) design and development. Three distinct approaches to improved MMP inhibition are discussed: (1) the identification and investigation of novel zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), (2) the study of non-zinc-binding MMPi, and (3) mechanism-based MMPi that form covalent adducts with the protein. Each of these strategies is discussed and their respective advantages and remaining challenges are highlighted. The studies discussed here bode well for the development of ever more selective, potent, and well-tolerated MMPi for treating several important disease pathologies.
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