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King CM, Ding W, Eshelman MA, Yochum GS. TCF7L1 regulates colorectal cancer cell migration by repressing GAS1 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12477. [PMID: 38816533 PMCID: PMC11139868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a common feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). The T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF; hereafter, TCF) family of transcription factors are critical regulators of Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression. Of the four TCF family members, TCF7L1 predominantly functions as a transcriptional repressor. Although TCF7L1 has been ascribed an oncogenic role in CRC, only a few target genes whose expression it regulates have been characterized in this cancer. Through transcriptome analyses of TCF7L1 regulated genes, we noted enrichment for those associated with cellular migration. By silencing and overexpressing TCF7L1 in CRC cell lines, we demonstrated that TCF7L1 promoted migration, invasion, and adhesion. We localized TCF7L1 binding across the CRC genome and overlapped enriched regions with transcriptome data to identify candidate target genes. The growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1) gene was among these and we demonstrated that GAS1 is a critical mediator of TCF7L1-dependent CRC cell migratory phenotypes. Together, these findings uncover a novel role for TCF7L1 in repressing GAS1 expression to enhance migration and invasion of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli M King
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Melanie A Eshelman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory S Yochum
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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2
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Doghish AS, Zaki MB, Eldeib MG, Radwan AF, Moussa R, Abdel-Wahab MM, Kizilaslan EZ, Alhamshry NAA, Ashour AE, Elimam H. The potential relevance of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment: A review focus on signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155044. [PMID: 38141573 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in incidence and mortality. Despite advances in cancer biology, molecular genetics, and targeted treatments, CRC prognosis and survival have not kept pace. This is usually due to advanced staging and metastases at diagnosis. Thus, great importance has been placed upon understanding the molecular pathophysiology behind the development of CRC, which has highlighted the significance of non-coding RNA's role and associated intracellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to recent studies, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a subtype of ncRNAs whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, have been found to have regulatory functions on multiple levels. Their actions at the transcription, post-transcriptional, translational levels, and epigenetic regulation have made them prime modulators of gene expression. Due to their role in cellular cancer hallmarks, their dysregulation has been linked to several illnesses, including cancer. Furthermore, their clinical relevance has expanded due to their possible detection in blood which has cemented them as potential future biomarkers and thus, potential targets for new therapy. This review will highlight the importance of lncRNAs and related signaling pathways in the development of CRC and their subsequent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gomaa Eldeib
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, 41636 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Rewan Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maie M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, 41636 Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Nora A A Alhamshry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader E Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
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3
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Bai R, Guo Y, Liu W, Song Y, Yu Z, Ma X. The Roles of WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Mechanical-Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1702. [PMID: 38136575 PMCID: PMC10741662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway. In light of the above, a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in different physiological and pathological states of the skin holds the potential to significantly advance clinical treatments of skin-related diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in skin development, wound healing, and mechanical stretching. Our review sheds new light on the crucial role of the WNT signaling pathway in the regulation of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaotao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of The Cadet Team 6, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Wang P, Li YW, Lu X, Liu Y, Tian XL, Gao L, Liu QJ, Fan L, Tian M. Low-dose ionizing radiation: Effects on the proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503637. [PMID: 37188435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Eye lens opacification (cataract) induced by ionizing radiation is an important concern for radiation protection. Human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) were irradiated with γ-rays and radiation effects, including cell proliferation, cell migration, cell cycle distribution, and other changes related to the β-catenin pathway, were determined after 8-72 h and 7 d. In an in vivo model, mice were irradiated; DNA damage (γH2AX foci) in the cell nucleus of the anterior capsule of the lens was detected within 1 h, and radiation effects on the anterior and posterior lens capsules were observed after 3 months. Low-dose ionizing radiation promoted cell proliferation and migration. The expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc were significantly increased in HLE-B3 cells after irradiation and β-catenin was translocated into the cell nucleus (activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway). In C57BL/6 J mouse lens, even a very low irradiation dose (0.05 Gy) induced the formation of γH2AX foci, 1 h after irradiation. At 3 months, migratory cells were found in the posterior capsule; expression of β-catenin was increased and it was clustered at the nucleus in the epithelial cells of the lens anterior capsule. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may an important role in promoting abnormal proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells after low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing 102308, PR China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China.
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China.
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King CM, Marx OM, Ding W, Koltun WA, Yochum GS. TCF7L1 Regulates LGR5 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:481. [PMID: 36833408 PMCID: PMC9956233 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drive colorectal cancer (CRC), in part, by deregulating expression of genes controlled by the T-cell factor (TCF) family of transcription factors. TCFs contain a conserved DNA binding domain that mediates association with TCF binding elements (TBEs) within Wnt-responsive DNA elements (WREs). Intestinal stem cell marker, leucine-rich-repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), is a Wnt target gene that has been implicated in CRC stem cell plasticity. However, the WREs at the LGR5 gene locus and how TCF factors directly regulate LGR5 gene expression in CRC have not been fully defined. Here, we report that TCF family member, TCF7L1, plays a significant role in regulating LGR5 expression in CRC cells. We demonstrate that TCF7L1 binds to a novel promoter-proximal WRE through association with a consensus TBE at the LGR5 locus to repress LGR5 expression. Using CRISPR activation and interference (CRISPRa/i) technologies to direct epigenetic modulation, we demonstrate that this WRE is a critical regulator of LGR5 expression and spheroid formation capacity of CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that restoring LGR5 expression rescues the TCF7L1-mediated reduction in spheroid formation efficiency. These results demonstrate a role for TCF7L1 in repressing LGR5 gene expression to govern the spheroid formation potential of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli M. King
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Olivia M. Marx
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Gregory S. Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
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6
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Schäfer J, Wenck N, Janik K, Linnert J, Stingl K, Kohl S, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Wolfrum U. The Usher syndrome 1C protein harmonin regulates canonical Wnt signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1130058. [PMID: 36846582 PMCID: PMC9944737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of hereditary combined deaf-blindness. USH is a complex genetic disorder, and the pathomechanisms underlying the disease are far from being understood, especially in the eye and retina. The USH1C gene encodes the scaffold protein harmonin which organizes protein networks due to binary interactions with other proteins, such as all USH proteins. Interestingly, only the retina and inner ear show a disease-related phenotype, although USH1C/harmonin is almost ubiquitously expressed in the human body and upregulated in colorectal cancer. We show that harmonin binds to β-catenin, the key effector of the canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling pathway. We also demonstrate the interaction of the scaffold protein USH1C/harmonin with the stabilized acetylated β-catenin, especially in nuclei. In HEK293T cells, overexpression of USH1C/harmonin significantly reduced cWnt signaling, but a USH1C-R31* mutated form did not. Concordantly, we observed an increase in cWnt signaling in dermal fibroblasts derived from an USH1C R31*/R80Pfs*69 patient compared with healthy donor cells. RNAseq analysis reveals that both the expression of genes related to the cWnt signaling pathway and cWnt target genes were significantly altered in USH1C patient-derived fibroblasts compared to healthy donor cells. Finally, we show that the altered cWnt signaling was reverted in USH1C patient fibroblast cells by the application of Ataluren, a small molecule suitable to induce translational read-through of nonsense mutations, hereby restoring some USH1C expression. Our results demonstrate a cWnt signaling phenotype in USH establishing USH1C/harmonin as a suppressor of the cWnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Wenck
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Janik
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,*Correspondence: Uwe Wolfrum,
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7
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Ectopic localization of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2-expressing cells in the normal human adrenal gland. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279682. [PMID: 36584094 PMCID: PMC9803228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp line of demarcation between zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata (ZF) has been recently challenged suggesting that this interface is no longer a compartment boundary. We have used immunohistochemical analyses to study the steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) pattern of expression and investigate the remodeling of the adrenal cortex in relation to aging. We analyzed human adrenal glands prepared from 47 kidney donors. No aldosterone-producing micronodules (APMs) were detectable in the younger donors aged between 22-39 but the functional ZG depicted by positive CYP11B2 staining demonstrated a lack of continuity. In contrast, the development of APMs was found in samples from individuals aged 40-70. Importantly, the progressive replacement of CYP11B2-expressing cells in the histological ZG by CYP11B1-expressing cells highlights the remodeling capacity of the adrenal cortex. In 70% of our samples, immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of isolated or clusters of CYP11B2 positive cells in the ZF and zona reticularis. Our data emphasize that mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-producing cells are distributed throughout the cortex and the medulla making the determination of the functional status of a cell or group of cells a unique tool in deciphering the changes occurring in adrenal gland particularly during aging. They also suggest that, in humans, steroidogenic cell phenotype defined by function is a stable feature and thus, the functional zonation might be not solely maintained by cell lineage conversion/migration.
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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9
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Ramakrishnan AB, Burby PE, Adiga K, Cadigan KM. SOX9 and TCF transcription factors associate to mediate Wnt/β-catenin target gene activation in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102735. [PMID: 36423688 PMCID: PMC9771724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates gene expression by promoting the formation of a β-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF) complex on target enhancers. In addition to TCFs, other transcription factors interact with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at different levels to produce tissue-specific patterns of Wnt target gene expression. The transcription factor SOX9 potently represses many Wnt target genes by downregulating β-catenin protein levels. Here, we find using colony formation and cell growth assays that SOX9 surprisingly promotes the proliferation of Wnt-driven colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In contrast to how it indirectly represses Wnt targets, SOX9 directly co-occupies and activates multiple Wnt-responsive enhancers in CRC cells. Our examination of the binding site grammar of these enhancers shows the presence of TCF and SOX9 binding sites that are necessary for transcriptional activation. In addition, we identify a physical interaction between the DNA-binding domains of TCFs and SOX9 and show that TCF-SOX9 interactions are important for target gene regulation and CRC cell growth. Our work demonstrates a highly context-dependent effect of SOX9 on Wnt targets, with the presence or absence of SOX9-binding sites on Wnt-regulated enhancers determining whether they are directly activated or indirectly repressed by SOX9.
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Rumley JD, Preston EA, Cook D, Peng FL, Zacharias AL, Wu L, Jileaeva I, Murray JI. pop-1/TCF, ref-2/ZIC and T-box factors regulate the development of anterior cells in the C. elegans embryo. Dev Biol 2022; 489:34-46. [PMID: 35660370 PMCID: PMC9378603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patterning of the anterior-posterior axis is fundamental to animal development. The Wnt pathway plays a major role in this process by activating the expression of posterior genes in animals from worms to humans. This observation raises the question of whether the Wnt pathway or other regulators control the expression of the many anterior-expressed genes. We found that the expression of five anterior-specific genes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos depends on the Wnt pathway effectors pop-1/TCF and sys-1/β-catenin. We focused further on one of these anterior genes, ref-2/ZIC, a conserved transcription factor expressed in multiple anterior lineages. Live imaging of ref-2 mutant embryos identified defects in cell division timing and position in anterior lineages. Cis-regulatory dissection identified three ref-2 transcriptional enhancers, one of which is necessary and sufficient for anterior-specific expression. This enhancer is activated by the T-box transcription factors TBX-37 and TBX-38, and surprisingly, concatemerized TBX-37/38 binding sites are sufficient to drive anterior-biased expression alone, despite the broad expression of TBX-37 and TBX-38. Taken together, our results highlight the diverse mechanisms used to regulate anterior expression patterns in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Rumley
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elicia A Preston
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dylan Cook
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Felicia L Peng
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda L Zacharias
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lucy Wu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilona Jileaeva
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Isaac Murray
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Xue Y, Guo Y, Liu N, Deng Z, Jian Y, Cai H, Meng X. MicroRNA-22-3p targeted regulating transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) constrains the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and malignant behavior in osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2021; 13:9135-9147. [PMID: 34753394 PMCID: PMC9208512 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have manifested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the modulation of the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma (OS). However, whether miR-22-3p is associated with OS growth remains unclear. In the study, the potential molecular mechanisms of miR-22-3p in OS was explored. It was affirmed that miR-22-3p was associated with distant metastasis and tumor size in OS patients, and reduced in OS tissues and cells while transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) was elevated. Elevated miR-22-3p repressed OS cell progression, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while elevated TCF7L2 was opposite. MiR-22-3p targeted TCF7L2 in OS. In functional rescue experiments, knockdown of miR-22-3p on OS progression and promotion of Wnt/β-catenin were reversed by simultaneous knockdown of TCF7L2. Transplantation experiments in nude mice showed that elevated miR-22-3p repressed OS tumor growth and decreased TCF7L2, Wnt and β-catenin. Shortly, this study suggest that miR-22-3p refrains the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting TCF7L2 and thereby preventing OS deterioration. MiR-22-3p/TCF7L2 axis is supposed to be a candidate molecular target for future OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanLiang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Shandong Uiniversity of Traditional Chinese Medicine, JiNan City, ShanDong Province, 250014, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, HeZe City, ShanDong Province, 274000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Zhang Qiu District Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, JiNan City, ShanDong Province, 250200, China
| | - Zexiang Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Yanping Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - XiangQi Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of TCM, SuZhou City, JiangSu Province, China
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12
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Huang G, Zhang H, Qu Y, Huang K, Gong X, Wei J, Du H. ARMT: An automatic RNA-seq data mining tool based on comprehensive and integrative analysis in cancer research. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4426-4434. [PMID: 34471489 PMCID: PMC8379379 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive and integrative analysis of RNA-seq data, in different molecular layers from diverse samples, holds promise to address the full-scale complexity of biological systems. Recent advances in gene set variant analysis (GSVA) are providing exciting opportunities for revealing the specific biological processes of cancer samples. However, it is still urgently needed to develop a tool, which combines GSVA and different molecular characteristic analysis, as well as prognostic characteristics of cancer patients to reveal the biological processes of disease comprehensively. Here, we develop ARMT, an automatic tool for RNA-Seq data analysis. ARMT is an efficient and integrative tool with user-friendly interface to analyze related molecular characters of single gene and gene set comprehensively based on transcriptome and genomic data, which builds the bridge for deeper information between genes and pathways, to further accelerate scientific findings. ARMT can be installed easily from https://github.com/Dulab2020/ARMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanda Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yimo Qu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaitang Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaocheng Gong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinfen Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ramakrishnan AB, Chen L, Burby PE, Cadigan KM. Wnt target enhancer regulation by a CDX/TCF transcription factor collective and a novel DNA motif. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8625-8641. [PMID: 34358319 PMCID: PMC8421206 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation by Wnt signalling is primarily thought to be accomplished by a complex of β-catenin and TCF family transcription factors (TFs). Although numerous studies have suggested that additional TFs play roles in regulating Wnt target genes, their mechanisms of action have not been investigated in detail. We characterised a Wnt-responsive element (WRE) downstream of the Wnt target gene Axin2 and found that TCFs and Caudal type homeobox (CDX) proteins were required for its activation. Using a new separation-of-function TCF mutant, we found that WRE activity requires the formation of a TCF/CDX complex. Our systematic mutagenesis of this enhancer identified other sequences essential for activation by Wnt signalling, including several copies of a novel CAG DNA motif. Computational and experimental evidence indicates that the TCF/CDX/CAG mode of regulation is prevalent in multiple WREs. Put together, our results demonstrate the complex nature of cis- and trans- interactions required for signal-dependent enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Peter E Burby
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Förster A, Brand F, Banan R, Hüneburg R, Weber CAM, Ewert W, Kronenberg J, Previti C, Elyan N, Beyer U, Martens H, Hong B, Bräsen JH, Erbersdobler A, Krauss JK, Stangel M, Samii A, Wolf S, Preller M, Aretz S, Wiese B, Hartmann C, Weber RG. Rare germline variants in the E-cadherin gene CDH1 are associated with the risk of brain tumors of neuroepithelial and epithelial origin. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:191-210. [PMID: 33929593 PMCID: PMC8217027 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of brain tumor development is poorly understood. Here, leukocyte DNA of 21 patients from 15 families with ≥ 2 glioma cases each was analyzed by whole-genome or targeted sequencing. As a result, we identified two families with rare germline variants, p.(A592T) or p.(A817V), in the E-cadherin gene CDH1 that co-segregate with the tumor phenotype, consisting primarily of oligodendrogliomas, WHO grade II/III, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted (ODs). Rare CDH1 variants, previously shown to predispose to gastric and breast cancer, were significantly overrepresented in these glioma families (13.3%) versus controls (1.7%). In 68 individuals from 28 gastric cancer families with pathogenic CDH1 germline variants, brain tumors, including a pituitary adenoma, were observed in three cases (4.4%), a significantly higher prevalence than in the general population (0.2%). Furthermore, rare CDH1 variants were identified in tumor DNA of 6/99 (6%) ODs. CDH1 expression was detected in undifferentiated and differentiating oligodendroglial cells isolated from rat brain. Functional studies using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in or stably transfected cell models demonstrated that the identified CDH1 germline variants affect cell membrane expression, cell migration and aggregation. E-cadherin ectodomain containing variant p.(A592T) had an increased intramolecular flexibility in a molecular dynamics simulation model. E-cadherin harboring intracellular variant p.(A817V) showed reduced β-catenin binding resulting in increased cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin levels reverted by treatment with the MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 inhibitor CGP 57380. Our data provide evidence for a role of deactivating CDH1 variants in the risk and tumorigenesis of neuroepithelial and epithelial brain tumors, particularly ODs, possibly via WNT/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Förster
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Brand
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rouzbeh Banan
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Hüneburg
- National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine A M Weber
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ewert
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Köln, Germany
| | - Christopher Previti
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, High Throughput Sequencing Unit W190, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Omics IT and Data Management Core Facility W610, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Elyan
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Beyer
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Martens
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bujung Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan H Bräsen
- Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, High Throughput Sequencing Unit W190, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Aretz
- National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Henriettenstift, Diakovere Krankenhaus gGmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruthild G Weber
- Department of Human Genetics OE 6300, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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16
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AMP-activated protein kinase regulates β-catenin protein synthesis by phosphorylating serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:347-352. [PMID: 33248688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin is a multi-functional protein with a central role in regulating embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. The abnormal accumulation of β-catenin, due to disrupted β-catenin degradation or unregulated β-catenin synthesis, causes the development of cancer. A recent study showed that the overexpression of proto-oncogene serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9 (SRSF9) promotes β-catenin accumulation via binding β-catenin mRNA and enhancing its translation in a manner that is dependent on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). However, the regulation of the interaction between SRSF9 and mRNA of β-catenin remains unclear. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates SRSF9 at the RNA-interacting SWQDLKD motif that plays a major role in determining substrate specificity. The phosphorylation by AMPK inhibits the binding of SRSF9 to β-catenin mRNA and suppresses β-catenin protein synthesis caused by SRSF9 overexpression without changing the β-catenin mRNA levels. Our findings suggest that AMPK activators are potential therapeutic targets for SRSF9-derived overproduction of β-catenin in cancer cells.
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17
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Measuring signal transduction and transcription molecules for clinical use. ASIAN BIOMED 2020; 14:175-176. [PMID: 37551264 PMCID: PMC10373411 DOI: 10.1515/abm-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
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18
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Seleit I, Bakry OA, Badr E, Mabrouk M. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Taq-1 and Cdx-1 in Female Pattern Hair Loss. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:259-264. [PMID: 32831364 PMCID: PMC7423221 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_482_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is an important cause of hair loss in adult women and has a major impact on patient's quality of life. It evolves from the progressive miniaturization of follicles that leads to a subsequent decrease of hair density, leading to non-scarring diffuse alopecia, with characteristic clinical, dermoscopic, and histological patterns. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in follicular keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells and is shown to have important role in hair growth and regulation of hair cycle. VDR polymorphism was not extensively investigated in hair disorders including FPHL. Aim To investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphism (Cdx-1 and Taq-1) and FPHL to explore if these polymorphisms affect the disease occurrence or influence its clinical presentation. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 30 female patients with FPHL and 30 age-matched female healthy subjects, as a control group. Degree of hair loss was assessed by Ludwig grading. VDR gene polymorphisms, Taq-1 and Cdx-1 were investigated by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results CC genotype, TC genotype, and T allele of Taq-1 were more prevalent in FPHL patients than in control group. They increased disease risk by 12.6, 2.1, and 2.9 folds, respectively. AA genotype, GA genotype, and G allele of Cdx-1 were significantly more prevalent among FPHL patients than in control group. They increased disease risk by 7.5, 5.2, and 5.5 folds, respectively. Conclusion Taq-1 and Cdx-1 can be considered as risk factors for FPHL. They may play role in disease persistence rather than disease initiation. This association may be explained by failure of new anagen growth and decreased proliferation of hair follicle stem cells. Further studies are recommended to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Seleit
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mai Mabrouk
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
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19
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Nie X, Zhao J, Ling H, Deng Y, Li X, He Y. Exploring microRNAs in diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4077-4095. [PMID: 32449793 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) are one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, occurring mainly in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their target genes are essential regulators of cell physiology and pathology including biological processes that are involved in the regulation of diabetes and diabetes-related microvascular complications. in vivo and in vitro models have revealed that the expression of some miRNAs can be regulated in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and wound remodelling of DCU. Nevertheless, the potential application of miRNAs to clinical use is still limited. Here, we provide a contemporary overview of the miRNAs as well as their associated target genes and pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) related to DCU healing. We also summarize the current development of drugs for DCU treatment and discuss the therapeutic challenges of DCU treatment and its future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiufeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hua Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Georgia Campus - Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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20
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He M, Zhang R, Jiao S, Zhang F, Ye D, Wang H, Sun Y. Nanog safeguards early embryogenesis against global activation of maternal β-catenin activity by interfering with TCF factors. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000561. [PMID: 32702011 PMCID: PMC7402524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal β-catenin activity is essential and critical for dorsal induction and its dorsal activation has been thoroughly studied. However, how the maternal β-catenin activity is suppressed in the nondorsal cells remains poorly understood. Nanog is known to play a central role for maintenance of the pluripotency and maternal -zygotic transition (MZT). Here, we reveal a novel role of Nanog as a strong repressor of maternal β-catenin signaling to safeguard the embryo against hyperactivation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyperdorsalization. In zebrafish, knockdown of nanog at different levels led to either posteriorization or dorsalization, mimicking zygotic or maternal activation of Wnt/β-catenin activities, and the maternal zygotic mutant of nanog (MZnanog) showed strong activation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyperdorsalization. Although a constitutive activator-type Nanog (Vp16-Nanog, lacking the N terminal) perfectly rescued the MZT defects of MZnanog, it did not rescue the phenotypes resulting from β-catenin signaling activation. Mechanistically, the N terminal of Nanog directly interacts with T-cell factor (TCF) and interferes with the binding of β-catenin to TCF, thereby attenuating the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Therefore, our study establishes a novel role for Nanog in repressing maternal β-catenin activity and demonstrates a transcriptional switch between β-catenin/TCF and Nanog/TCF complexes, which safeguards the embryo from global activation of maternal β-catenin activity. Maternal β-catenin activity induces the primary dorsal axis during early development, but how the activity is suppressed in the non-dorsal cells remains poorly understood. This study reveals Nanog as a strong repressor of nuclear β-catenin to safeguard embryogenesis against global activation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyper-dorsalization in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengbo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Javed Z, Khan K, Sadia H, Raza S, Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. LncRNA & Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:326. [PMID: 32699525 PMCID: PMC7372757 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outlook for new therapeutic approaches is pivotal to ameliorate the deterioration caused by the abrogated Wnt signaling. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tiny molecules that have begun emerging as vital molecular manager for the regulation of various cellular processes at transcription and translation levels in the colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting Wnt pathway with lncRNA seems a promising approach to eradicate CRC. However, little is known of their active role in commencing both apoptosis and proliferation in CRC. This article reviews the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of CRC and also emphasizes on the development of new therapeutic strategies to cope with the Wnt mediated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- Office for Research Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, Phase VI, DHA, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Raza
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Tulsawani R, Sharma P, Sethy NK, Kumari P, Ganju L, Prakash S, Chouhan S. Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230175. [PMID: 32191734 PMCID: PMC7082019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy laser, particularly 532 nm, is widely used in defense and medical applications and there is need to address its occupational safety. Thermal and non-thermal effects of 532 nm high energy laser on skin are cause of concern. This study indicates impact of 532 nm laser on rat skin and first of its kind of attempt to understand transcriptional activation of genes as an early response following laser exposure. Skin of experimental rats were exposed to 532 nm radiance at 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 W/cm2 for 10 sec. Thermographic changes of skin exposed to 532 nm laser exhibited increased Tmax temperature in radiance dependent manner. After thermal imaging, skin of experimental rats was collected 1 h post laser exposure for studying differential gene expression. The skin exposed to lower power density (0.1 W/cm2) did not show significant changes in expression of gene pathways studied. At moderate radiance (0.25 W/cm2), predominantly canonical wnt/B-catenin pathway genes notch1, axin2, ccdn1, wnt5a and redox homeostasis genes; txn1, nqo1 and txnrd1 were expressed. At higher radiance (0.5 W/cm2), significant repression of genes related to wound healing process particularly notch/wnt pathway viz. hes5, wnt1, wn3b with higher expression of dab2 was recorded. The data obtained from these studies would help in drawing safety limits for skin exposure to 532 nm laser. Further, genes expressed at moderate and high level of radiance exposure to skin were distinct and differential and provide new avenue to configure pathway to counteract laser induced delay in tissue injury and hair follicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purva Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Pooja Kumari
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Laser Science and Technology Centre, Metcalfe House, Delhi, India
| | - Satish Chouhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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You H, Lin Y, Lin F, Yang M, Li J, Zhang R, Huang Z, Shen Q, Tang R, Zheng C. β-Catenin Is Required for the cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway but Antagonized by the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 US3 Protein. J Virol 2020; 94:e01847-19. [PMID: 31801859 PMCID: PMC7022340 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01847-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGAS/STING-mediated DNA-sensing signaling pathway is crucial for interferon (IFN) production and host antiviral responses. Herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) is a DNA virus that has evolved multiple strategies to evade host immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that the highly conserved β-catenin protein in the Wnt signaling pathway is an important factor to enhance the transcription of type I interferon (IFN-I) in the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, and the production of IFN-I mediated by β-catenin was antagonized by HSV-1 US3 protein via its kinase activity. Infection by US3-deficienct HSV-1 and its kinase-dead variants failed to downregulate IFN-I and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) production induced by β-catenin. Consistent with this, absence of β-catenin enhanced the replication of US3-deficienct HSV-1, but not wild-type HSV-1. The underlying mechanism was the interaction of US3 with β-catenin and its hyperphosphorylation of β-catenin at Thr556 to block its nuclear translocation. For the first time, HSV-1 US3 has been shown to inhibit IFN-I production through hyperphosphorylation of β-catenin and to subvert host antiviral innate immunity.IMPORTANCE Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that HSV-1 subverts host immune responses and establishes lifelong latent infection, the molecular mechanisms by which HSV-1 interrupts antiviral innate immunity, especially the cGAS/STING-mediated cellular DNA-sensing signaling pathway, have not been fully explored. Here, we show that β-catenin promotes cGAS/STING-mediated activation of the IFN pathway, which is important for cellular innate immune responses and intrinsic resistance to DNA virus infection. The protein kinase US3 antagonizes the production of IFN by targeting β-catenin via its kinase activity. The findings in this study reveal a novel mechanism for HSV-1 to evade host antiviral immunity and add new knowledge to help in understanding the interaction between the host and HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongzhao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingtang Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Newman SA. Cell differentiation: What have we learned in 50 years? J Theor Biol 2020; 485:110031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Young RM, Ewan KB, Ferrer VP, Allende ML, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Dale TC, Wilson SW. Developmentally regulated Tcf7l2 splice variants mediate transcriptional repressor functions during eye formation. eLife 2019; 8:e51447. [PMID: 31829936 PMCID: PMC6908431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tcf7l2 mediates Wnt/β-Catenin signalling during development and is implicated in cancer and type-2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which Tcf7l2 and Wnt/β-Catenin signalling elicit such a diversity of biological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we study the function of zebrafish tcf7l2alternative splice variants and show that only variants that include exon five or an analogous human tcf7l2 variant can effectively provide compensatory repressor function to restore eye formation in embryos lacking tcf7l1a/tcf7l1b function. Knockdown of exon five specific tcf7l2 variants in tcf7l1a mutants also compromises eye formation, and these variants can effectively repress Wnt pathway activity in reporter assays using Wnt target gene promoters. We show that the repressive activities of exon5-coded variants are likely explained by their interaction with Tle co-repressors. Furthermore, phosphorylated residues in Tcf7l2 coded exon5 facilitate repressor activity. Our studies suggest that developmentally regulated splicing of tcf7l2 can influence the transcriptional output of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth B Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Trevor C Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
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26
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Prieto I, Alarcón CR, García-Gómez R, Berdún R, Urgel T, Portero M, Pamplona R, Martínez-Ruiz A, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Jove M, Cerdán S, Monsalve M. Metabolic adaptations in spontaneously immortalized PGC-1α knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts increase their oncogenic potential. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101396. [PMID: 31926622 PMCID: PMC6921228 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α controls, to a large extent, the capacity of cells to respond to changing nutritional requirements and energetic demands. The key role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor development has highlighted the potential role of PGC-1α in cancer. To investigate how loss of PGC-1α activity in primary cells impacts the oncogenic characteristics of spontaneously immortalized cells, and the mechanisms involved, we used the classic 3T3 protocol to generate spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) from wild-type (WT) and PGC-1α knockout (KO) mice and analyzed their oncogenic potential in vivo and in vitro. We found that PGC-1α KO iMEFs formed larger and more proliferative primary tumors than WT counterparts, and fostered the formation of lung metastasis by B16 melanoma cells. These characteristics were associated with the reduced capacity of KO iMEFs to respond to cell contact inhibition, in addition to an increased ability to form colonies in soft agar, an enhanced migratory capacity, and a reduced growth factor dependence. The mechanistic basis of this phenotype is likely associated with the observed higher levels of nuclear β-catenin and c-myc in KO iMEFs. Evaluation of the metabolic adaptations of the immortalized cell lines identified a decrease in oxidative metabolism and an increase in glycolytic flux in KO iMEFs, which were also more dependent on glutamine for their survival. Furthermore, glucose oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle forward flux were reduced in KO iMEF, resulting in the induction of compensatory anaplerotic pathways. Indeed, analysis of amino acid and lipid patterns supported the efficient use of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to synthesize lipids and proteins to support elevated cell growth rates. All these characteristics have been observed in aggressive tumors and support a tumor suppressor role for PGC-1α, restraining metabolic adaptations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Rubio Alarcón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica Lleida, Avda, Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Tamara Urgel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica Lleida, Avda, Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica Lleida, Avda, Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Ivestigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP). Maestro Vives 3, 28009, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Ruiz-Sanz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitea, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - M Begoña Ruiz-Larrea
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitea, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jove
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica Lleida, Avda, Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Idris M, Harmston N, Petretto E, Madan B, Virshup DM. Broad regulation of gene isoform expression by Wnt signaling in cancer. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1696-1713. [PMID: 31506381 PMCID: PMC6859862 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071506.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Differential gene isoform expression is a ubiquitous mechanism to enhance proteome diversity and maintain cell homeostasis. Mechanisms such as splicing that drive gene isoform variability are highly dynamic and responsive to changes in cell signaling pathways. Wnt/β-catenin signaling has profound effects on cell activity and cell fate and is known to modify several splicing events by altering the expression of individual splicing factors. However, a global assessment of how extensively Wnt signaling regulates splicing and other mechanisms that determine mRNA isoform composition in cancer is lacking. We used deep time-resolved RNA-seq in two independent in vivo Wnt-addicted tumor models during treatment with the potent Wnt inhibitor ETC-159 and examined Wnt regulated splicing events and splicing regulators. We found 1025 genes that underwent Wnt regulated variable exon usage leading to isoform expression changes. This was accompanied by extensive Wnt regulated changes in the expression of splicing regulators. Many of these Wnt regulated events were conserved in multiple human cancers, and many were linked to previously defined cancer-associated splicing quantitative trait loci. This suggests that the Wnt regulated splicing events are components of fundamental oncogenic processes. These findings demonstrate the wide-ranging effects of Wnt signaling on the isoform composition of the cell and provides an extensive resource of expression changes of splicing regulators and gene isoforms regulated by Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - Babita Madan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - David M Virshup
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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28
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Agosto LM, Gazzara MR, Radens CM, Sidoli S, Baeza J, Garcia BA, Lynch KW. Deep profiling and custom databases improve detection of proteoforms generated by alternative splicing. Genome Res 2019; 29:2046-2055. [PMID: 31727681 PMCID: PMC6886501 DOI: 10.1101/gr.248435.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing has long been proposed to contribute greatly to proteome complexity. However, the extent to which mature mRNA isoforms are successfully translated into protein remains controversial. Here, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics to better evaluate the translation of alternatively spliced mRNAs. To increase proteome coverage and improve protein quantitation, we optimized cell fractionation and sample processing steps at both the protein and peptide level. Furthermore, we generated a custom peptide database trained on analysis of RNA-seq data with MAJIQ, an algorithm optimized to detect and quantify differential and unannotated splice junction usage. We matched tandem mass spectra acquired by data-dependent acquisition (DDA) against our custom RNA-seq based database, as well as SWISS-PROT and RefSeq databases to improve identification of splicing-derived proteoforms by 28% compared with use of the SWISS-PROT database alone. Altogether, we identified peptide evidence for 554 alternate proteoforms corresponding to 274 genes. Our increased depth and detection of proteins also allowed us to track changes in the transcriptome and proteome induced by T-cell stimulation, as well as fluctuations in protein subcellular localization. In sum, our data here confirm that use of generic databases in proteomic studies underestimates the number of spliced mRNA isoforms that are translated into protein and provides a workflow that improves isoform detection in large-scale proteomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Agosto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Gazzara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Caleb M Radens
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Genetics and Epigenetics, Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Josue Baeza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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29
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Seleit I, Bakry OA, Badr E, Hassan EH. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism In Chronic Telogen Effluvium; A Case-Control Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:745-750. [PMID: 31632122 PMCID: PMC6790134 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s227232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Telogen effluvium (TE) is a form of alopecia characterized by diffuse hair shedding. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a role in hair cycle regulation as it is expressed in follicular keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells. Purpose To investigate the association between Cdx1 and Taq1 VDR gene polymorphisms and chronic TE. Methods Thirty female patients with chronic TE were selected and 30 healthy, age- and sex-matched volunteers were included as a control group. Detection of VDR gene polymorphisms Taq1 and Cdx1 was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Regarding Taq 1, CC genotype was present in 30% of cases versus 3.3% of controls. TC genotype was present in 33.3% of cases and 36.7% of controls. CC genotype was significantly associated with cases (P=0.01). It increases the risk of chronic TE by 14.7 folds. C allele was significantly associated with patient group (P=0.004). It increases the risk of disease occurrence by 3.1 folds. Regarding Cdx1, AA genotype was present in 6.7% of cases versus 3.3% of controls. GA genotype was present in approximately 30% of cases and 6.7% of controls. GA genotype was significantly associated with cases (P=0.03). It increases the risk of chronic TE by 6.3 folds. A allele was significantly associated with patient group (P=0.007). It increases the risk of disease occurrence by 3.8 folds. Limitations The main limitation is the small number of cases due to the time and financial constraints. Only chronic TE was analyzed, therefore, other types should be investigated in the following studies. Conclusion After exposure to primary physical or mental stressor, hair follicles are stimulated to enter prematurely into telogen and shed out. In individuals with Taq1 and Cdx1 polymorphisms, the disease persists as a result of prevention of new anagen growth and inhibition of hair follicle stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Seleit
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ola A Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman H Hassan
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt
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30
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Bem J, Brożko N, Chakraborty C, Lipiec MA, Koziński K, Nagalski A, Szewczyk ŁM, Wiśniewska MB. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in brain development and mental disorders: keeping TCF7L2 in mind. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1654-1674. [PMID: 31218672 PMCID: PMC6772062 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling, which is transduced by β-catenin and lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell-specific transcription factors (LEF1/TCFs), regulates many aspects of metazoan development and tissue renewal. Although much evidence has associated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling with mood disorders, the mechanistic links are still unknown. Many components of the canonical Wnt pathway are involved in cellular processes that are unrelated to classical canonical Wnt signaling, thus further blurring the picture. The present review critically evaluates the involvement of classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in developmental processes that putatively underlie the pathology of mental illnesses. Particular attention is given to the roles of LEF1/TCFs, which have been discussed surprisingly rarely in this context. Highlighting recent discoveries, we propose that alterations in the activity of LEF1/TCFs, and particularly of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), result in defects previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including imbalances in neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, the functional disruption of thalamocortical circuitry and dysfunction of the habenula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bem
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawPoland
| | - Nikola Brożko
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawPoland
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31
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Tavares MK, dos Reis S, Platt N, Heinrich IA, Wolin IA, Leal RB, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS, Freitas AE. Agmatine potentiates neuroprotective effects of subthreshold concentrations of ketamine via mTOR/S6 kinase signaling pathway. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:275-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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HPV16-E6 Oncoprotein Activates TGF- β and Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathways in the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition of Cataracts in a Transgenic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2847873. [PMID: 29888254 PMCID: PMC5977056 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2847873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to determine if cataractous changes associated with EMT occurring in the K14E6 mice lenses are associated with TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Materials and Methods Cataracts of K14E6 mice were analysed histologically; and components of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated by Western blot, RT-qPCR, in situ RT-PCR, IHC, or IF technics. Metalloproteinases involved in EMT were also assayed using zymography. The endogenous stabilisation of Smad7 protein was also assessed using an HDAC inhibitor. Results The K14E6 mice, which displayed binocular cataracts in 100% of the animals, exhibited loss of tissue organisation, cortical liquefaction, and an increase in the number of hyperproliferative-nucleated cells with mesenchymal-like characteristics in the lenses. Changes in lenses' cell morphology were due to actin filaments reorganisation, activation of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and the accumulation of MTA1 protein. Finally, the stabilisation of Smad7 protein diminishes cell proliferation, as well as MTA1 protein levels. Conclusion The HPV16-E6 oncoprotein induces EMT in transgenic mice cataracts. The molecular mechanism may involve TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, suggesting that the K14E6 transgenic mouse could be a useful model for the study or treatment of EMT-induced cataracts.
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Žídek R, Machoň O, Kozmik Z. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is necessary for gut differentiation in a marine annelid, Platynereis dumerilii. EvoDevo 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29942461 PMCID: PMC5996498 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt/β-catenin (or canonical) signalling pathway activity is necessary and used independently several times for specification of vegetal fate and endoderm, gut differentiation, maintenance of epithelium in adult intestine and the development of gut-derived organs in various vertebrate and non-vertebrate organisms. However, its conservation in later stages of digestive tract development still remains questionable due to the lack of detailed data, mainly from Spiralia. Results Here we characterize the Pdu-Tcf gene, a Tcf/LEF orthologue and a component of Wnt/β-catenin pathway from Platynereis dumerilii, a spiralian, marine annelid worm. Pdu-Tcf undergoes extensive alternative splicing in the C-terminal region of the gene generating as many as eight mRNA isoforms some of which differ in the presence or absence of a C-clamp domain which suggests a distinct DNA binding activity of individual protein variants. Pdu-Tcf is broadly expressed throughout development which is indicative of many functions. One of the most prominent domains that exhibits rather strong Pdu-Tcf expression is in the putative precursors of endodermal gut cells which are detected after 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). At day 5 post-fertilization (dpf), Pdu-Tcf is expressed in the hindgut and pharynx (foregut), whereas at 7 dpf stage, it is strongly transcribed in the now-cellularized midgut for the first time. In order to gain insight into the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, we disrupted its activity using pharmacological inhibitors between day 5 and 7 of development. The inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to the loss of midgut marker genes Subtilisin-1, Subtilisin-2, α-Amylase and Otx along with a drop in β-catenin protein levels, Axin expression in the gut and nearly the complete loss of proliferative activity throughout the body of larva. At the same time, a hindgut marker gene Legumain was expanded to the midgut compartment under the same conditions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the midgut might be necessary for proper differentiation of the endoderm to an epithelium capable of secreting digestive enzymes. Together, our data provide evidence for the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in gut differentiation in Platynereis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Žídek
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Machoň
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2Present Address: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Kozmik
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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34
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Dräger J, Simon-Keller K, Pukrop T, Klemm F, Wilting J, Sticht C, Dittmann K, Schulz M, Leuschner I, Marx A, Hahn H. LEF1 reduces tumor progression and induces myodifferentiation in a subset of rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3259-3273. [PMID: 27965462 PMCID: PMC5356880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and show characteristics of skeletal muscle differentiation. The two major RMS subtypes in children are alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal RMS (ERMS). We demonstrate that approximately 50% of ARMS and ERMS overexpress the LEF1/TCF transcription factor LEF1 when compared to normal skeletal muscle and that LEF1 can restrain aggressiveness especially of ARMS cells. LEF1 knockdown experiments in cell lines reveal that depending on the cellular context, LEF1 can induce pro-apoptotic signals. LEF1 can also suppress proliferation, migration and invasiveness of RMS cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LEF1 can induce myodifferentiation of the tumor cells. This may involve regulation of other LEF1/TCF factors i.e. TCF1, whereas β-catenin activity plays a subordinate role. Together these data suggest that LEF1 rather has tumor suppressive functions and attenuates aggressiveness in a subset of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dräger
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Katja Simon-Keller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37099, Germany
| | - Florian Klemm
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37099, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center of Medical Research, Bioinformatic and Statistic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Kai Dittmann
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulz
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37099, Germany
| | - Ivo Leuschner
- Kiel Paediatric Tumor Registry, Department of Paediatric Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37073, Germany
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35
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Chen J, Nefzger CM, Rossello FJ, Sun YBY, Lim SM, Liu X, de Boer S, Knaupp AS, Li J, Davidson KC, Polo JM, Barberi T. Fine Tuning of Canonical Wnt Stimulation Enhances Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Independent of β-Catenin-Mediated T-Cell Factor Signaling. Stem Cells 2018; 36:822-833. [PMID: 29396901 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial for early embryonic patterning, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. While canonical Wnt/β-catenin stimulation has been used extensively to modulate pluripotency and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), the mechanism of these two seemingly opposing roles has not been fully characterized and is currently largely attributed to activation of nuclear Wnt target genes. Here, we show that low levels of Wnt stimulation via ectopic expression of Wnt1 or administration of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor CHIR99021 significantly increases PSC differentiation into neurons, cardiomyocytes and early endodermal intermediates. Our data indicate that enhanced differentiation outcomes are not mediated through activation of traditional Wnt target genes but by β-catenin's secondary role as a binding partner of membrane bound cadherins ultimately leading to the activation of developmental genes. In summary, fine-tuning of Wnt signaling to subthreshold levels for detectable nuclear β-catenin function appears to act as a switch to enhance differentiation of PSCs into multiple lineages. Our observations highlight a mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling can achieve dosage dependent dual roles in regulating self-renewal and differentiation. Stem Cells 2018;36:822-833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzan de Boer
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anja S Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tiziano Barberi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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36
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Amini-Nik S, Yousuf Y, Jeschke MG. Scar management in burn injuries using drug delivery and molecular signaling: Current treatments and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:135-154. [PMID: 28757325 PMCID: PMC5742037 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been tremendous improvements in burn care that have allowed patients to survive severe burn injuries that were once fatal. However, a major limitation of burn care currently is the development of hypertrophic scars in approximately 70% of patients. This significantly decreases the quality of life for patients due to the physical and psychosocial symptoms associated with scarring. Current approaches to manage scarring include surgical techniques and non-surgical methods such as laser therapy, steroid injections, and compression therapy. These treatments are limited in their effectiveness and regularly fail to manage symptoms. As a result, the development of novel treatments that aim to improve outcomes and quality of life is imperative. Drug delivery that targets the molecular cascades of wound healing to attenuate or prevent hypertrophic scarring is a promising approach that has therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss current treatments for scar management after burn injury, and how drug delivery targeting molecular signaling can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yusef Yousuf
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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37
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Ramakrishnan AB, Sinha A, Fan VB, Cadigan KM. The Wnt Transcriptional Switch: TLE Removal or Inactivation? Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29250807 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are regulated by TCF transcription factors, which play important roles in animal development, stem cell biology, and oncogenesis. TCFs can regulate Wnt targets through a "transcriptional switch," repressing gene expression in unstimulated cells and promoting transcription upon Wnt signaling. However, it is not clear whether this switch mechanism is a general feature of Wnt gene regulation or limited to a subset of Wnt targets. Co-repressors of the TLE family are known to contribute to the repression of Wnt targets in the absence of signaling, but how they are inactivated or displaced by Wnt signaling is poorly understood. In this mini-review, we discuss several recent reports that address the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of the Wnt transcription switch, including the finding of Wnt-dependent ubiquitination/inactivation of TLEs. Together, these findings highlight the growing complexity of the regulation of gene expression by the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
| | - Vinson B Fan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
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Piven OO, Winata CL. The canonical way to make a heart: β-catenin and plakoglobin in heart development and remodeling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1735-1745. [PMID: 28920469 PMCID: PMC5714149 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217732737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main mediator of the canonical Wnt pathway, β-catenin, is a major effector of embryonic development, postnatal tissue homeostasis, and adult tissue regeneration. The requirement for β-catenin in cardiogenesis and embryogenesis has been well established. However, many questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which β-catenin and canonical Wnt signaling regulate these developmental processes remain unanswered. An interesting question that emerged from our studies concerns how β-catenin signaling is modulated through interaction with other factors. Recent experimental data implicate new players in canonical Wnt signaling, particularly those which modulate β-catenin function in many its biological processes, including cardiogenesis. One of the interesting candidates is plakoglobin, a little-studied member of the catenin family which shares several mechanistic and functional features with its close relative, β-catenin. Here we have focused on the function of β-catenin in cardiogenesis. We also summarize findings on plakoglobin signaling function and discuss possible interplays between β-catenin and plakoglobin in the regulation of embryonic heart development. Impact statement Heart development, function, and remodeling are complex processes orchestrated by multiple signaling networks. This review examines our current knowledge of the role of canonical Wnt signaling in cardiogenesis and heart remodeling, focusing primarily on the mechanistic action of its effector β-catenin. We summarize the generally accepted understanding of the field based on experimental in vitro and in vivo data, and address unresolved questions in the field, specifically relating to the role of canonical Wnt signaling in heart maturation and regeneration. What are the modulators of canonical Wnt, and particularly what are the potential roles of plakoglobin, a close relative of β-catenin, in regulating Wnt signaling?Answers to these questions will enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which the canonical Wnt signaling regulates development of the heart and its regeneration after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Piven
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Kyiv 0314, Ukraine
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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39
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Hartung N, Benary U, Wolf J, Kofahl B. Paracrine and autocrine regulation of gene expression by Wnt-inhibitor Dickkopf in wild-type and mutant hepatocytes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:98. [PMID: 29029622 PMCID: PMC5640931 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Cells are able to communicate and coordinate their function within tissues via secreted factors. Aberrant secretion by cancer cells can modulate this intercellular communication, in particular in highly organised tissues such as the liver. Hepatocytes, the major cell type of the liver, secrete Dickkopf (Dkk), which inhibits Wnt/ β-catenin signalling in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Consequently, Dkk modulates the expression of Wnt/ β-catenin target genes. We present a mathematical model that describes the autocrine and paracrine regulation of hepatic gene expression by Dkk under wild-type conditions as well as in the presence of mutant cells. Results Our spatial model describes the competition of Dkk and Wnt at receptor level, intra-cellular Wnt/ β-catenin signalling, and the regulation of target gene expression for 21 individual hepatocytes. Autocrine and paracrine regulation is mediated through a feedback mechanism via Dkk and Dkk diffusion along the porto-central axis. Along this axis an APC concentration gradient is modelled as experimentally detected in liver. Simulations of mutant cells demonstrate that already a single mutant cell increases overall Dkk concentration. The influence of the mutant cell on gene expression of surrounding wild-type hepatocytes is limited in magnitude and restricted to hepatocytes in close proximity. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the model parameters such as diffusion coefficient, mutation strength and feedback strength. Conclusions Our simulations show that Dkk concentration is elevated in the presence of a mutant cell. However, the impact of these elevated Dkk levels on wild-type hepatocytes is confined in space and magnitude. The combination of inter- and intracellular processes, such as Dkk feedback, diffusion and Wnt/ β-catenin signal transduction, allow wild-type hepatocytes to largely maintain their gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-017-0470-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hartung
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Mathematics, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Uwe Benary
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Bente Kofahl
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany. .,Current address: Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg i. Br., 79104, Germany.
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40
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Yan X, Qi M, Li P, Zhan Y, Shao H. Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:50. [PMID: 29034071 PMCID: PMC5629766 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs and serves multiple physiological functions, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities and blood pressure reduction. Therefore, apigenin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. Recently, apigenin has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer activities and low toxicity. Apigenin was reported to suppress various human cancers in vitro and in vivo by multiple biological effects, such as triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and stimulating an immune response. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the anti-cancer effects of apigenin and their underlying mechanisms, and we summarize the signaling pathways modulated by apigenin, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We also discuss combinatorial strategies to enhance the anti-cancer effect of apigenin on various cancers and its use as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to overcome cancer drug resistance or to alleviate other adverse effects of chemotherapy. The functions of apigenin against cancer stem cells are also summarized and discussed. These data demonstrate that apigenin is a promising reagent for cancer therapy. Apigenin appears to have the potential to be developed either as a dietary supplement or as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Miao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Yihong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Huanjie Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
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41
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Tortelote GG, Reis RR, de Almeida Mendes F, Abreu JG. Complexity of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway: Searching for an activation model. Cell Signal 2017; 40:30-43. [PMID: 28844868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling refers to a conserved signaling pathway, widely studied due to its roles in cellular communication, cell fate decisions, development and cancer. However, the exact mechanism underlying inhibition of the GSK phosphorylation towards β-catenin and activation of the pathway after biding of Wnt ligand to its cognate receptors at the plasma membrane remains unclear. Wnt target genes are widely spread over several animal phyla. They participate in a plethora of functions during the development of an organism, from axial specification, gastrulation and organogenesis all the way to regeneration and repair in adults. Temporal and spatial oncogenetic re-activation of Wnt signaling almost certainly leads to cancer. Wnt signaling components have been extensively studied as possible targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review we will discuss one of the most intriguing questions in this field, that is how β-catenin, a major component in this pathway, escapes the destruction complex, gets stabilized in the cytosol and it is translocated to the nucleus where it acts as a co-transcription factor. Four major models have evolved during the past 20years. We dissected each of them along with current views and future perspectives on this pathway. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt proteins modulate β-catenin cytoplasmic levels and the relevance of this pathway for the development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane G Tortelote
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Renata R Reis
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Garcia Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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42
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Zmijanac Partl J, Karin V, Skrtic A, Nikuseva-Martic T, Serman A, Mlinarec J, Curkovic-Perica M, Vranic S, Serman L. Negative regulators of Wnt signaling pathway SFRP1 and SFRP3 expression in preterm and term pathologic placentas. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:2971-2979. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1359830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Karin
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alan Serman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Mlinarec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Semir Vranic
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly conserved throughout metazoans, is required for numerous essential events in development, and serves as a stem cell niche signal in many contexts. Misregulation of the pathway is linked to several human pathologies, most notably cancer. Wnt stimulation results in stabilization and nuclear import of β-catenin, which then acts as a transcriptional co-activator. Transcription factors of the T-cell family (TCF) are the best-characterized nuclear binding partners of β-catenin and mediators of Wnt gene regulation. This review provides an update on what is known about the transcriptional activation of Wnt target genes, highlighting recent work that modifies the conventional model. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates genes in a highly context-dependent manner, and the role of other signaling pathways and TCF co-factors in this process will be discussed. Understanding Wnt gene regulation has served to elucidate many biological roles of the pathway, and we will use examples from stem cell biology, metabolism, and evolution to illustrate some of the rich Wnt biology that has been uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ocorr K, Zambon A, Nudell Y, Pineda S, Diop S, Tang M, Akasaka T, Taylor E. Age-dependent electrical and morphological remodeling of the Drosophila heart caused by hERG/seizure mutations. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006786. [PMID: 28542428 PMCID: PMC5459509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular-molecular substrates of heart disease is key to the development of cardiac specific therapies and to the prevention of off-target effects by non-cardiac targeted drugs. One of the primary targets for therapeutic intervention has been the human ether a go-go (hERG) K+ channel that, together with the KCNQ channel, controls the rate and efficiency of repolarization in human myocardial cells. Neither of these channels plays a major role in adult mouse heart function; however, we show here that the hERG homolog seizure (sei), along with KCNQ, both contribute significantly to adult heart function as they do in humans. In Drosophila, mutations in or cardiac knockdown of sei channels cause arrhythmias that become progressively more severe with age. Intracellular recordings of semi-intact heart preparations revealed that these perturbations also cause electrical remodeling that is reminiscent of the early afterdepolarizations seen in human myocardial cells defective in these channels. In contrast to KCNQ, however, mutations in sei also cause extensive structural remodeling of the myofibrillar organization, which suggests that hERG channel function has a novel link to sarcomeric and myofibrillar integrity. We conclude that deficiency of ion channels with similar electrical functions in cardiomyocytes can lead to different types or extents of electrical and/or structural remodeling impacting cardiac output. We have used the fruit fly cardiac model to show that seizure, the fly homolog of the human ether a go-go K+ channel hERG, is functional in the fly heart. This channel plays a major role in cardiac repolarization in humans but not in adult rodent hearts. Loss of channel function in the fly causes bradycardia, electrical arrhythmia and altered myofibrillar structure. Gene expression analysis indicates that Wnt signaling is affected and we show a genetic interaction between sei and pygopus, a Wnt pathway component, on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Zambon
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yoav Nudell
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Soda Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Min Tang
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Taylor
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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45
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Cullin-4 regulates Wingless and JNK signaling-mediated cell death in the Drosophila eye. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2566. [PMID: 28032862 PMCID: PMC5261020 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In all multicellular organisms, the fundamental processes of cell proliferation and cell death are crucial for growth regulation during organogenesis. Strict regulation of cell death is important to maintain tissue homeostasis by affecting processes like regulation of cell number, and elimination of unwanted/unfit cells. The developing Drosophila eye is a versatile model to study patterning and growth, where complex signaling pathways regulate growth and cell survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of these processes is not fully understood. In a gain-of-function screen, we found that misexpression of cullin-4 (cul-4), an ubiquitin ligase, can rescue reduced eye mutant phenotypes. Previously, cul-4 has been shown to regulate chromatin remodeling, cell cycle and cell division. Genetic characterization of cul-4 in the developing eye revealed that loss-of-function of cul-4 exhibits a reduced eye phenotype. Analysis of twin-spots showed that in comparison with their wild-type counterparts, the cul-4 loss-of-function clones fail to survive. Here we show that cul-4 clones are eliminated by induction of cell death due to activation of caspases. Aberrant activation of signaling pathways is known to trigger cell death in the developing eye. We found that Wingless (Wg) and c-Jun-amino-terminal-(NH2)-Kinase (JNK) signaling are ectopically induced in cul-4 mutant clones, and these signals co-localize with the dying cells. Modulating levels of Wg and JNK signaling by using agonists and antagonists of these pathways demonstrated that activation of Wg and JNK signaling enhances cul-4 mutant phenotype, whereas downregulation of Wg and JNK signaling rescues the cul-4 mutant phenotypes of reduced eye. Here we present evidences to demonstrate that cul-4 is involved in restricting Wg signaling and downregulation of JNK signaling-mediated cell death during early eye development. Overall, our studies provide insights into a novel role of cul-4 in promoting cell survival in the developing Drosophila eye.
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Evidence for Altered Canonical Wnt Signaling in the Trabecular Bone of Elderly Postmenopausal Women with Fragility Femoral Fracture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8169614. [PMID: 27999816 PMCID: PMC5143692 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8169614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling, a major regulator of bone formation and homeostasis, might be involved in the bone loss of osteoporotic patients and the consequent impaired response to fracture. Therefore we analyzed Wnt-related, osteogenic, and adipogenic genes in bone tissue of elderly postmenopausal women undergoing hip replacement for either femoral fracture or osteoarthritis. Bone specimens derived from the intertrochanteric region of the femurs of 25 women with fracture (F) and 29 with osteoarthritis without fracture (OA) were analyzed. Specific miRNAs were analyzed in bone and in matched blood samples. RUNX2, BGP, and OPG showed lower expression in F than in OA samples, while OSX, OPN, BSP, and RANKL were not different. Inhibitory genes of Wnt pathway were lower in F versus OA. β-Catenin protein levels were higher in F versus OA, whereas its cotranscriptional regulator (Lef1) was lower in F group. miR-204, which targets RUNX2, and miR-130a, which inhibits PPARγ, were lower and higher, respectively, in F versus OA serum samples. The present study showed an inefficient Wnt signal transduction in F group despite higher β-catenin protein levels, consistent with the expected overall postfracture systemic activation towards osteogenesis. This transcriptional inefficiency could contribute to the osteoporotic bone fragility.
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Misztal K, Brozko N, Nagalski A, Szewczyk LM, Krolak M, Brzozowska K, Kuznicki J, Wisniewska MB. TCF7L2 mediates the cellular and behavioral response to chronic lithium treatment in animal models. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:490-501. [PMID: 27793772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of lithium's therapeutic action remains obscure, hindering the discovery of safer treatments for bipolar disorder. Lithium can act as an inhibitor of the kinase GSK3α/β, which in turn negatively regulates β-catenin, a co-activator of LEF1/TCF transcription factors. However, unclear is whether therapeutic levels of lithium activate β-catenin in the brain, and whether this activation could have a therapeutic significance. To address this issue we chronically treated mice with lithium. Although the level of non-phospho-β-catenin increased in all of the brain areas examined, β-catenin translocated into cellular nuclei only in the thalamus. Similar results were obtained when thalamic and cortical neurons were treated with a therapeutically relevant concentration of lithium in vitro. We tested if TCF7L2, a member of LEF1/TCF family that is highly expressed in the thalamus, facilitated the activation of β-catenin. Silencing of Tcf7l2 in thalamic neurons prevented β-catenin from entering the nucleus, even when the cells were treated with lithium. Conversely, when Tcf7l2 was ectopically expressed in cortical neurons, β-catenin shifted to the nucleus, and lithium augmented this process. Lastly, we silenced tcf7l2 in zebrafish and exposed them to lithium for 3 days, to evaluate whether TCF7L2 is involved in the behavioral response. Lithium decreased the dark-induced activity of control zebrafish, whereas the activity of zebrafish with tcf7l2 knockdown was unaltered. We conclude that therapeutic levels of lithium activate β-catenin selectively in thalamic neurons. This effect is determined by the presence of TCF7L2, and potentially contributes to the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Misztal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nikola Brozko
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland; University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nagalski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland; University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Poland
| | - Lukasz M Szewczyk
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Krolak
- University of Warsaw, College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Brzozowska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland; University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta B Wisniewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Warsaw, Poland; University of Warsaw, Centre of New Technologies, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Poland.
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Van Camp JK, Beckers S, Zegers D, Verhulst SL, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Massa G, Verrijken A, Desager KN, Van Gaal LF, Van Hul W. Nucleotide variation of sFRP5 gene is not associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1041-7. [PMID: 27497818 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because sFRP5 was shown to be an important extracellular modulator of the Wnt pathway, regulating adipogenesis, we wanted to investigate the role of sFRP5 variants in human, monogenic obesity by performing mutation analysis. We screened the complete sFRP5 coding region in 622 obese children and adolescents and 503 lean control individuals by high-resolution melting curve analysis and direct sequencing. We found a total of 15 sequence variants in sFRP5, 10 of which resulted in a non-synonymous amino acid change. Five of these variants were, to our knowledge, not previously reported. For one of the variants (c.-3G>A), we identified a trend towards association between the variant frequency and the obese phenotype. We argue that, when looking at conservation and location inside known protein domains, several of the identified variants (D103N, A113V, K212N and H317L), may affect sFRP5 protein function. In addition, we found c.-3G>A, residing in the Kozak sequence, with a lower frequency in cases compared to controls. However, functional studies investigating the effect of sFRP5 variants on protein function are necessary to determine the true role of sFRP5 genetic variation in human, monogenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn K Van Camp
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigri Beckers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Doreen Zegers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Massa
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristine N Desager
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc F Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ravindranath AJ, Cadigan KM. The Role of the C-Clamp in Wnt-Related Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8080074. [PMID: 27527215 PMCID: PMC4999783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8080074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors are major regulators of Wnt targets, and the products of the TCF7 and TCF7L2 genes have both been implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer in animal models and humans. TCFs recognize specific DNA sequences through their high mobility group (HMG) domains, but invertebrate TCFs and some isoforms of vertebrate TCF7 and TCF7L2 contain a second DNA binding domain known as the C-clamp. This review will cover the basic properties of C-clamps and their importance in Wnt signaling, using data from Drosophila, C. elegans, and mammalian cell culture. The connection between C-clamp containing TCFs and colorectal cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi J Ravindranath
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Liu X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu C, Huang S, Xu D, Wu Y, Liu X. T-cell factor (TCF/LEF1) binding elements (TBEs) of FasL (Fas ligand or CD95 ligand) bind and cluster Fas (CD95) and form complexes with the TCF-4 and b-catenin transcription factors in vitro and in vivo which result in triggering cell death and/or cell activation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1001-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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