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Kaneko T, Boulanger-Weill J, Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Position-independent functional refinement within the vagus motor topographic map. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114740. [PMID: 39325616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor neurons in the central nervous system often lie in a continuous topographic map, where neurons that innervate different body parts are spatially intermingled. This is the case for the efferent neurons of the vagus nerve, which innervate diverse muscle and organ targets in the head and viscera for brain-body communication. It remains elusive how neighboring motor neurons with different fixed peripheral axon targets develop the separate somatodendritic (input) connectivity they need to generate spatially precise body control. Here, we show that vagus motor neurons in the zebrafish indeed generate spatially appropriate peripheral responses to focal sensory stimulation even when they are transplanted into ectopic positions within the topographic map, indicating that circuit refinement occurs after the establishment of coarse topography. Refinement depends on motor neuron synaptic transmission, suggesting that an experience-dependent periphery-to-brain feedback mechanism establishes specific input connectivity among intermingled motor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kaneko
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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2
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Pan YK, Perry SF. Developing zebrafish utilize taste-signaling pathways for oxygen chemoreception. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4272-4284.e5. [PMID: 39260364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental requirement for all animals is to sense and respond to changes in environmental O2 availability. Low O2 (hypoxia) typically stimulates breathing, a universal and critical response termed the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). In this study, we test the hypothesis that taste-signaling pathways are used for O2 sensing and activation of the HVR. We show that Merkel-like cells (MLCs), which are part of the taste-bud complex, function as O2 chemoreceptor cells in larval zebrafish and that transduction of the O2 signal uses taste-signaling pathways. Specifically, MLCs responded to hypoxia in vivo with an increase in Ca2+ activity that can drive the HVR. In addition, MLCs transmit O2 signals to afferent cranial nerves IX and X (nIX/X), which project into the area postrema within the hindbrain and synapse with interneurons that are in contact with vagal motor neurons. Hypoxia or chemo-activation of nIX/X caused Ca2+ activity to increase within the area postrema and elicited hyperventilation. The results provide the first demonstration of an O2 signaling pathway that commences with the activation of taste receptors (MLCs) to yield a critical physiological reflex, the HVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Kevin Pan
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A4, Canada.
| | - Steve F Perry
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A4, Canada.
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3
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Polat H, Grande G, Aurangzeb Z, Zhang H, Daghfous G, Dubuc R, Zielinski B. The distribution and chemosensory responses of pharyngeal taste buds in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00359-024-01708-3. [PMID: 39078515 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the chemosensory system of gustation in sea lampreys, basal jawless vertebrates that feed voraciously on live prey. The objective of this study was to investigate taste bud distribution and chemosensory responses along the length of the pharynx in the sea lamprey. Scanning electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry revealed taste buds and associated axons at all six lateral pharyngeal locations between the seven pairs of internal gill pores. The most rostral pharyngeal region contained more and larger taste buds than the most caudal region. Taste receptor cell responses were recorded to sweet, bitter, amino acids and the bile acid taurocholic acid, as well as to adenosine triphosphate. Similar chemosensory responses were observed at all six pharyngeal locations with taste buds. Overall, this study shows prominent taste buds and taste receptor cell activity in the seven pharyngeal regions of the sea lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Polat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gianfranco Grande
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Zeenat Aurangzeb
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gheylen Daghfous
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Zielinski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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4
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Azuma M, Konno N, Sakata I, Koshimizu TA, Kaiya H. Molecular characterization and distribution of motilin and motilin receptor in the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 397:61-76. [PMID: 38727755 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Motilin (MLN) is a peptide hormone originally isolated from the mucosa of the porcine intestine. Its orthologs have been identified in various vertebrates. Although MLN regulates gastrointestinal motility in tetrapods from amphibians to mammals, recent studies indicate that MLN is not involved in the regulation of isolated intestinal motility in zebrafish, at least in vitro. To determine the unknown function of MLN in teleosts, we examined the expression of MLN and the MLN receptor (MLNR) at the cellular level in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Quantitative PCR revealed that mln mRNA was limitedly expressed in the gut, whereas mlnr mRNA was not detected in the gut but was expressed in the brain and kidney. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, mlnr mRNA was detected in the dopaminergic neurons of the area postrema in the brain and the noradrenaline-producing cells in the interrenal gland of the kidney. Furthermore, we observed efferent projections of mlnr-expressing dopaminergic neurons in the lobus vagi (XL) and nucleus motorius nervi vagi (NXm) of the medulla oblongata by establishing a transgenic medaka expressing the enhanced green fluorescence protein driven by the mlnr promoter. The expression of dopamine receptor mRNAs in the XL and cholinergic neurons in NXm was confirmed by in situ hybridization. These results indicate novel sites of MLN activity other than the gastrointestinal tract. MLN may exert central and peripheral actions through the regulation of catecholamine release in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Azuma
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 3190, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimookubo, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 3190, Japan
- Division of Drug Discovery, Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc. 8-1 Utano-Matsui, Uda, Nara, Japan
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5
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Kaneko T, Boulanger-Weill J, Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Position-independent functional refinement within the vagus motor topographic map. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.11.557289. [PMID: 37745606 PMCID: PMC10515832 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Motor neurons in the central nervous system often lie in a continuous topographic map, where neurons that innervate different body parts are spatially intermingled. This is the case for the efferent neurons of the vagus nerve, which innervate diverse muscle and organ targets in the head and viscera for brain-body communication. It remains elusive how neighboring motor neurons with different fixed peripheral axon targets develop the separate somatodendritic (input) connectivity they need to generate spatially precise body control. Here we show that vagus motor neurons in the zebrafish indeed generate spatially appropriate peripheral responses to focal sensory stimulation even when they are transplanted into ectopic positions within the topographic map, indicating that circuit refinement occurs after the establishment of coarse topography. Refinement depends on motor neuron synaptic transmission, suggesting that an experience-dependent periphery-to-brain feedback mechanism establishes specific input connectivity amongst intermingled motor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kaneko
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Lead contact
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6
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Hotha A, Ganesh CB. GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the Central Nervous System of the viviparous teleost Poecilia sphenops. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102339. [PMID: 37689218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. In this study, we examined the distribution pattern of GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-ir) cells and fibres in the CNS of the viviparous teleost Poecilia sphenops using immunofluorescence method. GABA immunoreactivity was seen in the glomerular, mitral, and granular layers of the olfactory bulbs, as well as in most parts of the dorsal and ventral telencephalon. The preoptic area consisted of a small cluster of GABA-ir cells, whereas extensively labelled GABA-ir neurons were observed in the hypothalamic areas, including the paraventricular organ, tuberal hypothalamus, nucleus recessus lateralis, nucleus recessus posterioris, and inferior lobes. In the thalamus, GABA-positive neurons were only found in the ventral thalamic and central posterior thalamic nuclei, whereas the dorsal part of the nucleus pretectalis periventricularis consisted of a few GABA-ir cells. GABA-immunoreactivity was extensively seen in the alar and basal subdivisions of the midbrain, whereas in the rhombencephalon, GABA-ir cells and fibres were found in the cerebellum, motor nucleus of glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, nucleus commissuralis of Cajal, and reticular formation. In the spinal cord, GABA-ir cells and fibres were observed in the dorsal horn, ventral horn, and around the central canal. Overall, the extensive distribution of GABA-ir cells and fibres throughout the CNS suggests several roles for GABA, including the neuroendocrine, viscerosensory, and somatosensory functions, for the first time in a viviparous teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyutham Hotha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - C B Ganesh
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India.
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Corral-Lopez A, Kotrschal A, Szorkovszky A, Garate-Olaizola M, Herbert-Read J, van der Bijl W, Romenskyy M, Zeng HL, Buechel SD, Fontrodona-Eslava A, Pelckmans K, Mank JE, Kolm N. Evolution of schooling drives changes in neuroanatomy and motion characteristics across predation contexts in guppies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6027. [PMID: 37758730 PMCID: PMC10533906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most spectacular displays of social behavior is the synchronized movements that many animal groups perform to travel, forage and escape from predators. However, elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying the evolution of collective behaviors, as well as their fitness effects, remains challenging. Here, we study collective motion patterns with and without predation threat and predator inspection behavior in guppies experimentally selected for divergence in polarization, an important ecological driver of coordinated movement in fish. We find that groups from artificially selected lines remain more polarized than control groups in the presence of a threat. Neuroanatomical measurements of polarization-selected individuals indicate changes in brain regions previously suggested to be important regulators of perception, fear and attention, and motor response. Additional visual acuity and temporal resolution tests performed in polarization-selected and control individuals indicate that observed differences in predator inspection and schooling behavior should not be attributable to changes in visual perception, but rather are more likely the result of the more efficient relay of sensory input in the brain of polarization-selected fish. Our findings highlight that brain morphology may play a fundamental role in the evolution of coordinated movement and anti-predator behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Corral-Lopez
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Behavioural Ecology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Szorkovszky
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maddi Garate-Olaizola
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Herbert-Read
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maksym Romenskyy
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hong-Li Zeng
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Severine Denise Buechel
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Behavioural Ecology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ada Fontrodona-Eslava
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Lozano D, López JM, Jiménez S, Morona R, Ruíz V, Martínez A, Moreno N. Expression of SATB1 and SATB2 in the brain of bony fishes: what fish reveal about evolution. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:921-945. [PMID: 37002478 PMCID: PMC10147777 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSatb1 and Satb2 belong to a family of homeodomain proteins with highly conserved functional and regulatory mechanisms and posttranslational modifications in evolution. However, although their distribution in the mouse brain has been analyzed, few data exist in other non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present study, we have analyzed in detail the sequence of SATB1 and SATB2 proteins and the immunolocalization of both, in combination with additional neuronal markers of highly conserved populations, in the brain of adult specimens of different bony fish models at key evolutionary points of vertebrate diversification, in particular including representative species of sarcopterygian and actinopterygian fishes. We observed a striking absence of both proteins in the pallial region of actinopterygians, only detected in lungfish, the only sarcopterygian fish. In the subpallium, including the amygdaloid complex, or comparable structures, we identified that the detected expressions of SATB1 and SATB2 have similar topologies in the studied models. In the caudal telencephalon, all models showed significant expression of SATB1 and SATB2 in the preoptic area, including the acroterminal domain of this region, where the cells were also dopaminergic. In the alar hypothalamus, all models showed SATB2 but not SATB1 in the subparaventricular area, whereas in the basal hypothalamus the cladistian species and the lungfish presented a SATB1 immunoreactive population in the tuberal hypothalamus, also labeled with SATB2 in the latter and colocalizing with the gen Orthopedia. In the diencephalon, all models, except the teleost fish, showed SATB1 in the prethalamus, thalamus and pretectum, whereas only lungfish showed also SATB2 in prethalamus and thalamus. At the midbrain level of actinopterygian fish, the optic tectum, the torus semicircularis and the tegmentum harbored populations of SATB1 cells, whereas lungfish housed SATB2 only in the torus and tegmentum. Similarly, the SATB1 expression in the rhombencephalic central gray and reticular formation was a common feature. The presence of SATB1 in the solitary tract nucleus is a peculiar feature only observed in non-teleost actinopterygian fishes. At these levels, none of the detected populations were catecholaminergic or serotonergic. In conclusion, the protein sequence analysis revealed a high degree of conservation of both proteins, especially in the functional domains, whereas the neuroanatomical pattern of SATB1 and SATB2 revealed significant differences between sarcopterygians and actinopterygians, and these divergences may be related to the different functional involvement of both in the acquisition of various neural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruíz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Fowler BE, Ye J, Humayun S, Lee H, Macpherson LJ. Regional specialization of the tongue revealed by gustatory ganglion imaging. iScience 2022; 25:105700. [PMID: 36582484 PMCID: PMC9792408 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gustatory information is relayed from the anterior tongue by geniculate ganglion neurons and from the posterior tongue by neurons of the petrosal portion of the jugular/nodose/petrosal ganglion complex. Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging in mice to compare the encoding of taste information in the geniculate and petrosal ganglia, at single-neuron resolution. Our data support an anterior/posterior specialization of taste information coding from the tongue to the ganglia, with petrosal neurons more responsive to umami or bitter and less responsive to sweet or salty stimuli than geniculate neurons. We found that umami (50 mM MPG + 1 mM IMP) promotes salivation when applied to the posterior, but not anterior, tongue. This suggests a functional taste map of the mammalian tongue where the anterior and posterior taste pathways are differentially responsive to specific taste qualities, and differentially regulate downstream physiological functions of taste, such as promoting salivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. Fowler
- Department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jiahao Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Saima Humayun
- Department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hojoon Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey J. Macpherson
- Department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Corresponding author
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10
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Alba‐González A, Folgueira M, Castro A, Anadón R, Yáñez J. Distribution of neurogranin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and sensory organs of the adult zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1569-1587. [PMID: 35015905 PMCID: PMC9415131 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expression of neurogranin in the brain and some sensory organs (barbel taste buds, olfactory organs, and retina) of adult zebrafish. Database analysis shows zebrafish has two paralog neurogranin genes (nrgna and nrgnb) that translate into three peptides with a conserved IQ domain, as in mammals. Western blots of zebrafish brain extracts using an anti-neurogranin antiserum revealed three separate bands, confirming the presence of three neurogranin peptides. Immunohistochemistry shows neurogranin-like expression in the brain and sensory organs (taste buds, neuromasts and olfactory epithelium), not being able to discern its three different peptides. In the retina, the most conspicuous positive cells were bipolar neurons. In the brain, immunopositive neurons were observed in all major regions (pallium, subpallium, preoptic area, hypothalamus, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, including the cerebellum), a more extended distribution than in mammals. Interestingly, dendrites, cell bodies and axon terminals of some neurons were immunopositive, thus zebrafish neurogranins may play presynaptic and postsynaptic roles. Most positive neurons were found in primary sensory centers (viscerosensory column and medial octavolateral nucleus) and integrative centers (pallium, subpallium, optic tectum and cerebellum), which have complex synaptic circuitry. However, we also observed expression in areas not related to sensory or integrative functions, such as in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells associated with the hypothalamic recesses, which exhibited high neurogranin-like immunoreactivity. Together, these results reveal important differences with the patterns reported in mammals, suggesting divergent evolution from the common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba‐González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Antonio Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
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11
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Basu S, Mitra S, Singh O, Chandramohan B, Singru PS. Secretagogin in the brain and pituitary of the catfish, Clarias batrachus: Molecular characterization and regulation by insulin. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1743-1772. [PMID: 35322425 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretagogin (scgn), is a novel hexa EF-hand, phylogenetically conserved calcium-binding protein. It serves as Ca2+ sensor and participates in Ca2+ -signaling and neuroendocrine regulation in mammals. However, its relevance in the brain of non-mammalian vertebrates has largely remained unexplored. To address this issue, we studied the cDNA encoding scgn, scgn mRNA expression, and distribution of scgn-equipped elements in the brain and pituitary of a teleost, Clarias batrachus (cb). The cbscgn cDNA consists of three transcripts (T) variants: T1 (2185 bp), T2 (2151 bp) and T3 (2060 bp). While 816 bp ORF in T1 and T2 encodes highly conserved six EF-hand 272 aa protein fully capable of Ca2+ -binding, 726-bp ORF in T3 encodes 242 aa protein. The T1 showed >90% and >70% identity with scgn of catfishes, and other teleosts and mammals, respectively. The T1-mRNA was widely expressed in the brain and pituitary, while the expression of T3 was restricted to the telencephalon. Application of the anti-scgn antiserum revealed a ∼32 kDa scgn-immunoreactive (scgn-i) band (known molecular weight of scgn) in the forebrain tissue, and immunohistochemically labeled neurons in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus, and hindbrain. In the pituitary, scgn-i cells were seen in the pars distalis and intermedia. Insulin is reported to regulate scgn mRNA in the mammalian hippocampus, and feeding-related neuropeptides in the telencephalon of teleost. Intracranial injection of insulin significantly increased T1-mRNA expression and scgn-immunoreactivity in the telencephalon. We suggest that scgn may be an important player in the regulation of olfactory, neuroendocrine system, and energy balance functions in C. batrachus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Bathrachalam Chandramohan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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12
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Singh O, Pradhan DR, Nagalakashmi B, Kumar S, Mitra S, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ, Lechan RM, Singru PS. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus and its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine neurons. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:1070-1101. [PMID: 30370602 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in mammals and also regulates prolactin secretion, directly or indirectly via tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. Although TRH is abundantly expressed in teleost brain and believed to mediate neuronal communication, empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed pro-TRH-mRNA expression, mapped TRH-immunoreactive elements in the brain and pituitary, and explored its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine (DA) neurons in the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Partial pro-TRH transcript from C. batrachus transcriptome showed six TRH progenitors repeats. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) identified pro-TRH transcript in a number of different brain regions and immunofluorescence showed TRH-immunoreactive cells/fibers in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area (POA), hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. In the pituitary, TRH-immunoreactive fibers were seen in the neurohypophysis, proximal pars distalis, and pars intermedia but not rostral pars distalis. In POA, distinct TRH-immunoreactive cells/fibers were seen in nucleus preopticus periventricularis anterior (NPPa) that demonstrated a significant increase in TRH-immunoreactivity when collected during preparatory and prespawning phases, reaching a peak in the spawning phase. Although tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive neurons in NPPa are hypophysiotropic, none of the TRH-immunoreactive neurons in NPPa accumulated neuronal tracer DiI following implants into the pituitary. However, 87 ± 1.6% NPPa TH-immunoreactive neurons were surrounded by TRH-immunoreactive axons that were seen in close proximity to the somata. Superfused POA slices treated with TRH (0.5-2 μM) significantly reduced TH concentration in tissue homogenates and the percent TH-immunoreactive area in the NPPa. We suggest that TRH in the brain of C. batrachus regulates a range of physiological functions but in particular, serves as a potential regulator of hypophysiotropic DA neurons and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, India
| | - Dipti R Pradhan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, India
| | - B Nagalakashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, India
| | - Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, India
| | - Sneha Sagarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ronald M Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, India
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13
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Yáñez J, Souto Y, Piñeiro L, Folgueira M, Anadón R. Gustatory and general visceral centers and their connections in the brain of adult zebrafish: a carbocyanine dye tract-tracing study. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:333-362. [PMID: 27343143 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The central connections of the gustatory/general visceral system of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were examined by means of carbocyanine dye tracing. Main primary gustatory centers (facial and vagal lobes) received sensory projections from the facial and vagal nerves, respectively. The vagal nerve also projects to the commissural nucleus of Cajal, a general visceral sensory center. These primary centers mainly project on a prominent secondary gustatory and general visceral nucleus (SGN/V) located in the isthmic region. Secondary projections on the SGN/V were topographically organized, those of the facial lobe mainly ending medially to those of the vagal lobe, and those from the commissural nucleus ventrolaterally. Descending facial lobe projections to the medial funicular nucleus were also noted. Ascending fibers originating from the SGN/V mainly projected to the posterior thalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus (lateral torus, lateral recess nucleus, hypothalamic inferior lobe diffuse nucleus) and an intermediate cell- and fiber-rich region termed here the tertiary gustatory nucleus proper, but not to a nucleus formerly considered as the zebrafish tertiary gustatory nucleus. The posterior thalamic nucleus, tertiary gustatory nucleus proper, and nucleus of the lateral recess gave rise to descending projections to the SGN/V and the vagal lobe. The connectivity between diencephalic gustatory centers and the telencephalon was also investigated. The present results showed that the gustatory connections of the adult zebrafish are rather similar to those reported in other cyprinids, excepting the tertiary gustatory nucleus. Similarities between the gustatory systems of zebrafish and other fishes are also discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:333-362, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Yáñez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Neurover Group, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yara Souto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Piñeiro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Neurover Group, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Vendrell-Llopis N, Yaksi E. Evolutionary conserved brainstem circuits encode category, concentration and mixtures of taste. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17825. [PMID: 26639368 PMCID: PMC4671064 DOI: 10.1038/srep17825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary conserved brainstem circuits are the first relay for gustatory information in the vertebrate brain. While the brainstem circuits act as our life support system and they mediate vital taste related behaviors, the principles of gustatory computations in these circuits are poorly understood. By a combination of two-photon calcium imaging and quantitative animal behavior in juvenile zebrafish, we showed that taste categories are represented by dissimilar brainstem responses and generate different behaviors. We also showed that the concentration of sour and bitter tastes are encoded by different principles and with different levels of sensitivity. Moreover, we observed that the taste mixtures lead to synergistic and suppressive interactions. Our results suggest that these interactions in early brainstem circuits can result in non-linear computations, such as dynamic gain modulation and discrete representation of taste mixtures, which can be utilized for detecting food items at broad range of concentrations of tastes and rejecting inedible substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Yaksi
- NERF, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian Brain Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Albersheim-Carter J, Blubaum A, Ballagh IH, Missaghi K, Siuda ER, McMurray G, Bass AH, Dubuc R, Kelley DB, Schmidt MF, Wilson RJA, Gray PA. Testing the evolutionary conservation of vocal motoneurons in vertebrates. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 224:2-10. [PMID: 26160673 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Medullary motoneurons drive vocalization in many vertebrate lineages including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. The developmental history of vocal motoneuron populations in each of these lineages remains largely unknown. The highly conserved transcription factor Paired-like Homeobox 2b (Phox2b) is presumed to be expressed in all vertebrate hindbrain branchial motoneurons, including laryngeal motoneurons essential for vocalization in humans. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine Phox2b protein and mRNA expression in caudal hindbrain and rostral spinal cord motoneuron populations in seven species across five chordate classes. Phox2b was present in motoneurons dedicated to sound production in mice and frogs (bullfrog, African clawed frog), but not those in bird (zebra finch) or bony fish (midshipman, channel catfish). Overall, the pattern of caudal medullary motoneuron Phox2b expression was conserved across vertebrates and similar to expression in sea lamprey. These observations suggest that motoneurons dedicated to sound production in vertebrates are not derived from a single developmentally or evolutionarily conserved progenitor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Albersheim-Carter
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aleksandar Blubaum
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irene H Ballagh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kianoush Missaghi
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Edward R Siuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - George McMurray
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Darcy B Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Marc F Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard J A Wilson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and ACH Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Paul A Gray
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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16
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Gilland E, Straka H, Wong TW, Baker R, Zottoli SJ. A hindbrain segmental scaffold specifying neuronal location in the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2446-64. [PMID: 24452830 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate hindbrain develops as a series of well-defined neuroepithelial segments or rhombomeres. While rhombomeres are visible in all vertebrate embryos, generally there is not any visible segmental anatomy in the brains of adults. Teleost fish are exceptional in retaining a rhombomeric pattern of reticulospinal neurons through embryonic, larval, and adult periods. We use this feature to map more precisely the segmental imprint in the reticular and motor basal hindbrain of adult goldfish. Analysis of serial sections cut in three planes and computer reconstructions of retrogradely labeled reticulospinal neurons yielded a segmental framework compatible with previous reports and more amenable to correlation with surrounding neuronal features. Cranial nerve motoneurons and octavolateral efferent neurons were aligned to the reticulospinal scaffold by mapping neurons immunopositive for choline acetyltransferase or retrogradely labeled from cranial nerve roots. The mapping corresponded well with the known ontogeny of these neurons and helps confirm the segmental territories defined by reticulospinal anatomy. Because both the reticulospinal and the motoneuronal segmental patterns persist in the hindbrain of adult goldfish, we hypothesize that a permanent "hindbrain framework" may be a general property that is retained in adult vertebrates. The establishment of a relationship between individual segments and neuronal phenotypes provides a convenient method for future studies that combine form, physiology, and function in adult vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gilland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543; Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059
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17
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Ieki T, Okada S, Aihara Y, Ohmoto M, Abe K, Yasuoka A, Misaka T. Transgenic labeling of higher order neuronal circuits linked to phospholipase C-β2-expressing taste bud cells in medaka fish. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1781-802. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Coppola E, D'autréaux F, Nomaksteinsky M, Brunet JF. Phox2b expression in the taste centers of fish. J Comp Neurol 2013; 520:3633-49. [PMID: 22473338 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Phox2b controls the formation of the sensory-motor reflex circuits of the viscera in vertebrates. Among Phox2b-dependent structures characterized in rodents is the nucleus of the solitary tract, the first relay for visceral sensory input, including taste. Here we show that Phox2b is expressed throughout the primary taste centers of two cyprinid fish, Danio rerio and Carassius auratus, i.e., in their vagal, glossopharyngeal, and facial lobes, providing the first molecular evidence for their homology with the nucleus of the solitary tract of mammals and suggesting that a single ancestral Phox2b-positive neuronal type evolved to give rise to both fish and mammalian structures. In zebrafish larvae, the distribution of Phox2b²⁺ neurons, combined with the expression pattern of Olig4 (a homologue of Olig3, determinant of the nucleus of the solitary tract in mice), reveals that the superficial position and sheet-like architecture of the viscerosensory column in cyprinid fish, ideally suited for the somatotopic representation of oropharyngeal and bodily surfaces, arise by radial migration from a dorsal progenitor domain, in contrast to the tangential migration observed in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Coppola
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Paris F-75005, France
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19
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Daghfous G, Green WW, Zielinski BS, Dubuc R. Chemosensory-induced motor behaviors in fish. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 22:223-30. [PMID: 22054925 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical sensory signals play a crucial role in eliciting motor behaviors. We now review the different motor behaviors induced by chemosensory stimuli in fish as well as their neural substrate. A great deal of research has focused on migratory, reproductive, foraging, and escape behaviors but it is only recently that the molecules mediating these chemotactic responses have become well-characterized. Chemotactic responses are mediated by three sensory systems: olfactory, gustatory, and diffuse chemosensory. The olfactory sensory neuron responses to chemicals are now better understood. In addition, the olfactory projections to the central nervous system were recently shown to display an odotopic organization in the forebrain. Moreover, a specific downward projection underlying motor responses to olfactory inputs was recently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheylen Daghfous
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Kato T, Yamada Y, Yamamoto N. General visceral and gustatory connections of the posterior thalamic nucleus of goldfish. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:3102-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Song J, Popper AN. New perspectives in fish evolution and neurobiology. Integr Zool 2009; 4:1-2. [PMID: 21392271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Song
- Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USADivision of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USACenter for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Arthur N Popper
- Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USADivision of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USACenter for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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