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Trinchese G, Feola A, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Penna E, Scala G, Greco L, Bernardo L, Porcellini A, Crispino M, Pezone A, Mollica MP. Mitochondrial metabolism and neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex and cortical synapses of rats: effect of milk intake through DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109624. [PMID: 38518858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Brain plasticity and cognitive functions are tightly influenced by foods or nutrients, which determine a metabolic modulation having a long-term effect on health, involving also epigenetic mechanisms. Breast milk or formula based on cow milk is the first food for human beings, who, throughout their lives, are then exposed to different types of milk. We previously demonstrated that rats fed with milk derived from distinct species, with different compositions and nutritional properties, display selective modulation of systemic metabolic and inflammatory profiles through changes of mitochondrial functions and redox state in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle. Here, in a rat model, we demonstrated that isoenergetic supplementation of milk from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) impacts mitochondrial functions and redox state in the brain cortex and cortical synapses, affecting neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, we found that the administration of different milk modulates DNA methylation in rat brain cortex and consequently affects gene expression. Our results emphasize the importance of nutrition in brain and synapse physiology, and highlight the key role played in this context by mitochondria, nutrient-sensitive organelles able to orchestrate metabolic and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bernardo
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Reda GK, Ndunguru SF, Csernus B, Gulyás G, Knop R, Szabó C, Czeglédi L, Lendvai ÁZ. Dietary restriction and life-history trade-offs: insights into mTOR pathway regulation and reproductive investment in Japanese quail. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247064. [PMID: 38563310 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Resources are needed for growth, reproduction and survival, and organisms must trade off limited resources among competing processes. Nutritional availability in organisms is sensed and monitored by nutrient-sensing pathways that can trigger physiological changes or alter gene expression. Previous studies have proposed that one such signalling pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), underpins a form of adaptive plasticity when individuals encounter constraints in their energy budget. Despite the fundamental importance of this process in evolutionary biology, how nutritional limitation is regulated through the expression of genes governing this pathway and its consequential effects on fitness remain understudied, particularly in birds. We used dietary restriction to simulate resource depletion and examined its effects on body mass, reproduction and gene expression in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Quails were subjected to feeding at 20%, 30% and 40% restriction levels or ad libitum for 2 weeks. All restricted groups exhibited reduced body mass, whereas reductions in the number and mass of eggs were observed only under more severe restrictions. Additionally, dietary restriction led to decreased expression of mTOR and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), whereas the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (RPS6K1) and autophagy-related genes (ATG9A and ATG5) were upregulated. The pattern in which mTOR responded to restriction was similar to that for body mass. Regardless of the treatment, proportionally higher reproductive investment was associated with individual variation in mTOR expression. These findings reveal the connection between dietary intake and the expression of mTOR and related genes in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebrehaweria K Reda
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sawadi F Ndunguru
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyás
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Knop
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Frydrychová RČ, Konopová B, Peska V, Brejcha M, Sábová M. Telomeres and telomerase: active but complex players in life-history decisions. Biogerontology 2024; 25:205-226. [PMID: 37610666 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on human telomeres have established that telomeres exert a significant influence on lifespan and health of organisms. However, recent research has indicated that the original idea that telomeres affect lifespan in a universal and central manner across all eukaryotic species is an oversimplification. Indeed, findings from a variety of animal species revealed that the role of telomere biology in aging is more subtle and intricate than previously recognized. Here, we show how telomere biology varies depending on the taxon. We also show how telomere biology corresponds to basic life history traits and affects the life table of a species and investments in growth, body size, reproduction, and lifespan; telomeres are hypothesized to shape evolutionary perspectives for species in an active but complex manner. Our evaluation is based on telomere biology data from many examples from throughout the animal kingdom that vary according to the degree of organismal complexity and life history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Konopová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Brejcha
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Sábová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Fernàndez-Bernal A, Portero-Otin M, Barja G, Pamplona R. Phenotypic molecular features of long-lived animal species. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:728-747. [PMID: 37748717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges facing science/biology today is uncovering the molecular bases that support and determine animal and human longevity. Nature, in offering a diversity of animal species that differ in longevity by more than 5 orders of magnitude, is the best 'experimental laboratory' to achieve this aim. Mammals, in particular, can differ by more than 200-fold in longevity. For this reason, most of the available evidence on this topic derives from comparative physiology studies. But why can human beings, for instance, reach 120 years whereas rats only last at best 4 years? How does nature change the longevity of species? Longevity is a species-specific feature resulting from an evolutionary process. Long-lived animal species, including humans, show adaptations at all levels of biological organization, from metabolites to genome, supported by signaling and regulatory networks. The structural and functional features that define a long-lived species may suggest that longevity is a programmed biological property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), E25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), E25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Fernàndez-Bernal
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), E25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), E25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), E25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Trinchese G, Gena P, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Fogliano C, Garra S, Catapano A, Petrella L, Di Chio S, Avallone B, Calamita G, Mollica MP. Hepatocyte Aquaporins AQP8 and AQP9 Are Engaged in the Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Modulating the Inflammatory and Redox State in Milk-Supplemented Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3651. [PMID: 37630841 PMCID: PMC10459073 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an important source of nutrients and energy, but there are still many uncertainties regarding the health effects of milk and dairy products consumption. Milk from different species varies in physicochemical and nutritional properties. We previously showed that dietary supplements with different milks in rats trigger significant differences in metabolic and inflammatory states, modulating mitochondrial functions in metabolically active organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we have deepened the effects of isoenergetic supplementation of milk (82 kJ) from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) on hepatic metabolism to understand the interlink between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox state and to highlight the possible role of two hepatocyte aquaporins (AQPs) of metabolic relevance, AQP8 and AQP9, in this crosstalk. Compared with rats with no milk supplementation, DM- and HM-fed rats had reduced hepatic lipid content with enhanced mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress. A marked reduction in AQP8, a hydrogen peroxide channel, was seen in the liver mitochondria of DM-fed rats compared with HM-fed, CM-fed and control animals. DM-fed or HM-fed rats also showed reduced hepatic inflammatory markers and less collagen and Kupffer cells. CM-fed rats showed higher hepatic fat content and increased AQP9 and glycerol permeability. A role of liver AQP8 and AQP9 is suggested in the different metabolic profiles resulting from milk supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Chio
- Azienda Sociosanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli (ASST FBF) SACCO, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (B.A.); (M.P.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Kapsetaki SE, Basile AJ, Compton ZT, Rupp SM, Duke EG, Boddy AM, Harrison TM, Sweazea KL, Maley CC. The relationship between diet, plasma glucose, and cancer prevalence across vertebrates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551378. [PMID: 37577544 PMCID: PMC10418110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Could diet and mean plasma glucose concentration (MPGluC) explain the variation in cancer prevalence across species? We collected diet, MPGluC, and neoplasia data for 160 vertebrate species from existing databases. We found that MPGluC negatively correlates with cancer and neoplasia prevalence, mostly of gastrointestinal organs. Trophic level positively correlates with cancer and neoplasia prevalence even after controlling for species MPGluC. Most species with high MPGluC (50/78 species = 64.1%) were birds. Most species in high trophic levels (42/53 species = 79.2%) were reptiles and mammals. Our results may be explained by the evolution of insulin resistance in birds which selected for loss or downregulation of genes related to insulin-mediated glucose import in cells. This led to higher MPGluC, intracellular caloric restriction, production of fewer reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and longer telomeres contributing to longer longevity and lower neoplasia prevalence in extant birds relative to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania E Kapsetaki
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Tufts University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Basile
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, 427 East Tyler Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary T Compton
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shawn M Rupp
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Duke
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tara M Harrison
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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8
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Gómez J, Mota-Martorell N, Jové M, Pamplona R, Barja G. Mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative stress and aging within and between species: Evidences and recent advances on this aging effector. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112134. [PMID: 36849000 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a wide diversity of roles in cell physiology and have a key functional implication in cell bioenergetics and biology of free radicals. As the main cellular source of oxygen radicals, mitochondria have been postulated as the mediators of the cellular decline associated with the biological aging. Recent evidences have shown that mitochondrial free radical production is a highly regulated mechanism contributing to the biological determination of longevity which is species-specific. This mitochondrial free radical generation rate induces a diversity of adaptive responses and derived molecular damage to cell components, highlighting mitochondrial DNA damage, with biological consequences that influence the rate of aging of a given animal species. In this review, we explore the idea that mitochondria play a fundamental role in the determination of animal longevity. Once the basic mechanisms are discerned, molecular approaches to counter aging may be designed and developed to prevent or reverse functional decline, and to modify longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Mitochondria in the Development of the Inflammation and Liver Injury during Ageing in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032967. [PMID: 36769289 PMCID: PMC9917792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered an epidemic disorder, due to an imbalance between energy consumption and metabolizable energy intake. This balance is increasingly disrupted during normal aging processes due to the progressive impairment of mechanisms that normally control energy homeostasis. Obesity is triggered by an excessive lipid depots but reflects systemic inflammation along with large adipocytes secreting proinflammatory adipokines, an increase of the free fatty acids levels in the bloodstream, and ectopic lipid accumulation. Hepatic fat accumulation is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction with a consequent impaired fat metabolism and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated to hepatic lipid accumulation and related complications. In this study, we assessed the crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver, analyzing the time-course of changes in hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity versus fatty acid storage, focusing on the contribution of adipose tissue inflammation to hepatic lipid accumulation, using a rodent model of high fat diet-induced obesity. Our results demonstrate that both high-fat diet-induced obesity and aging induce dysregulation of adipose tissue function and similar metabolic alterations mediated by mitochondrial function impairment and altered inflammatory profile. The high fat diet-induced obesity anticipates and exacerbates liver mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs with aging processes.
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10
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Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416219. [PMID: 36555859 PMCID: PMC9784569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Fogliano C, Lama A, Pirozzi C, Cristiano C, Russo R, Petrella L, Meli R, Mattace Raso G, Crispino M, Avallone B, Mollica MP. The Hepatic Mitochondrial Alterations Exacerbate Meta-Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 36290713 PMCID: PMC9598797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the liver in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interactions and repetitive behavioral patterns, has been poorly investigated. In ASD, it has been shown a dysregulation of gut-brain crosstalk, a communication system able to influence metabolic homeostasis, as well as brain development, mood and cognitive functions. The liver, with its key role in inflammatory and metabolic states, represents the crucial metabolic organ in this crosstalk. Indeed, through the portal vein, the liver receives not only nutrients but also numerous factors derived from the gut and visceral adipose tissue, which modulate metabolism and hepatic mitochondrial functions. Here, we investigated, in an animal model of ASD (BTBR mice), the involvement of hepatic mitochondria in the regulation of inflammatory state and liver damage. We observed increased inflammation and oxidative stress linked to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, steatotic hepatocytes, and marked mitochondrial fission in BTBR mice. Our preliminary study provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD and could open the way to identifying hepatic mitochondria as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Ageing Increases Cardiac Electrical Remodelling in Rats and Mice via NOX4/ROS/CaMKII-Mediated Calcium Signalling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8538296. [PMID: 35387264 PMCID: PMC8979732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8538296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ageing is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases including cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Ageing-related cardiac dysfunction involves a complicated pathophysiological progress. Abnormal membrane voltage and Ca2+ dynamics in aged cardiomyocytes contribute to ageing-related arrhythmias. However, its underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. Methods Young and old rats or mice were included in this study. Cardiac electrophysiological properties and functions were assessed by ECG, echocardiography, and ex vivo heart voltage and Ca2+ optical mapping. Proteomics, phosphor-proteomics, Western blotting, Masson staining, and ROS measurement were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results Ageing increased the incidence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Moreover, ageing increased the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation induced by rapid pacing and during isoprenaline (ISO) (1 mg/kg i.p.) challenge in mice in vivo. Optical mapping with dual dyes (membrane voltage (Vm) dye and intracellular Ca2+ dye) simultaneously recording revealed that ageing increased the action potential duration (APD) and Ca2+ transient duration (CaTD) and slowed the ventricular conduction with the Langendorff-perfused mouse heart. More importantly, ageing increased the ISO-induced (1 μM) changes of APD (ΔAPD80) and CaTD (ΔCaTD50). Ageing also delayed the decay of Ca2+ transient by extending the decay time constant from 30% to 90% (τ30−90). In addition, ageing decreased the Vm/Ca2+ latency which represented the coupling of Vm/Ca2+ including between the midpoint of AP depolarization and Ca2+ upstroke, peak transmembrane voltage and peak cytosolic calcium, and time to 50% voltage repolarization and extrusion of cytosolic calcium. Optical mapping also revealed that ageing increased the ISO-induced arrhythmia incidence and occurrence of the excitation rotor. Proteomics and phosphor-proteomics assays from rat hearts demonstrated ageing-induced protein and phosphor-protein changes, suggesting that CaMKII was involved in ageing-induced change. Ageing increased the level of ROS and the expression of NOX4, oxidative CaMKII (ox-CaMKII), phosphorated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), and periostin. Conclusion Ageing accelerates cardiac remodelling and increases the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias through NOX4/ROS/CaMKII pathway-mediated abnormal membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+ handling and Vm/Ca2+ coupling.
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Altered Mitochondrial Quality Control in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Induced by High-Fat Feeding. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020315. [PMID: 35205361 PMCID: PMC8871726 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis in addition to one of three metabolic conditions: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Chronic exposure to excess dietary fatty acids may cause hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbances. The alteration of the quality of mitochondria is one of the factors that could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation of MAFDL. This study was designed to determine, in a rodent model of MAFLD, the effects of a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on some hepatic processes that characterize mitochondrial quality control, such as biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. To mimic the human manifestation of MAFLD, the rats were exposed to both an HFD and a housing temperature within the rat thermoneutral zone (28–30 °C). After 14 weeks of the HFD, the rats showed significant fat deposition and liver steatosis. Concomitantly, some important factors related to the hepatic mitochondrial quality were markedly affected, such as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage; reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA copy numbers, mtDNA repair, and mitochondrial fusion. HFD-fed rats also showed an impaired mitophagy. Overall, the obtained data shed new light on the network of different processes contributing to the failure of mitochondrial quality control as a central event for mitochondrial dysregulation in MAFLD.
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Rosati L, Catapano A, Sorriento D, Murru E, Bernardo L, Pagani L, Bergamo P, Scudiero R, Iaccarino G, Greco L, Banni S, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Heart Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Redox Status Are Improved by Donkey and Human Milk Intake. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111807. [PMID: 34829678 PMCID: PMC8614950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms linking nutrition and antioxidants content of the diet with cardiovascular protection are subject of intense investigation. It has been demonstrated that dietary supplementation with cow, donkey or human milk, characterized by distinct nutritional properties, triggers significant differences in the metabolic and inflammatory status through the modulation of hepatic and skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions. Cardiac mitochondria play a key role for energy-demanding heart functions, and their disfunctions is leading to pathologies. Indeed, an altered heart mitochondrial function and the consequent increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory state, is linked to several cardiac diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. In this work it was investigated the impact of the milk consumption on heart mitochondrial functions, inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, it was underlined the crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox status as control mechanisms for the maintenance of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Bernardo
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pagani
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources CNR, IBBR-UOS, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-990
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McWilliams S, Carter W, Cooper-Mullin C, DeMoranville K, Frawley A, Pierce B, Skrip M. How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.742642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals dynamically adjust their physiology and behavior to survive in changing environments, and seasonal migration is one life stage that demonstrates these dynamic adjustments. As birds migrate between breeding and wintering areas, they incur physiological demands that challenge their antioxidant system. Migrating birds presumably respond to these oxidative challenges by up-regulating protective endogenous systems or accumulating dietary antioxidants at stopover sites, although our understanding of the pre-migration preparations and mid-migration responses of birds to such oxidative challenges is as yet incomplete. Here we review evidence from field and captive-bird studies that address the following questions: (1) Do migratory birds build antioxidant capacity as they build fat stores in preparation for long flights? (2) Is oxidative damage an inevitable consequence of oxidative challenges such as flight, and, if so, how is the extent of damage affected by factors such as the response of the antioxidant system, the level of energetic challenge, and the availability of dietary antioxidants? (3) Do migratory birds ‘recover’ from the oxidative damage accrued during long-duration flights, and, if so, does the pace of this rebalancing of oxidative status depend on the quality of the stopover site? The answer to all these questions is a qualified ‘yes’ although ecological factors (e.g., diet and habitat quality, geographic barriers to migration, and weather) affect how the antioxidant system responds. Furthermore, the pace of this dynamic physiological response remains an open question, despite its potential importance for shaping outcomes on timescales ranging from single flights to migratory journeys. In sum, the antioxidant system of birds during migration is impressively dynamic and responsive to environmental conditions, and thus provides ample opportunities to study how the physiology of migratory birds responds to a changing and challenging world.
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Knief U, Forstmeier W, Kempenaers B, Wolf JBW. A sex chromosome inversion is associated with copy number variation of mitochondrial DNA in zebra finch sperm. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211025. [PMID: 34540261 PMCID: PMC8437020 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The propulsion of sperm cells via movement of the flagellum is of vital importance for successful fertilization. While the exact mechanism of energy production for this movement varies between species, in avian species energy is thought to come predominantly from the mitochondria located in the sperm midpiece. Larger midpieces may contain more mitochondria, which should enhance the energetic capacity and possibly promote mobility. Due to an inversion polymorphism on their sex chromosome TguZ, zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) exhibit large within-species variation in sperm midpiece length, and those sperm with the longest midpieces swim the fastest. Here, we test through quantitative real-time PCR in zebra finch ejaculates whether the inversion genotype has an effect on the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We find that zebra finches carrying the derived allele (correlated with longer sperm midpieces) have more copies of the mtDNA in their ejaculates than those homozygous for the ancestral allele (shorter midpieces). We suggest downstream effects of mtDNA copy number variation on the rate of adenosine triphosphate production, which in turn may influence sperm swimming speed and fertilization success. Central components of gamete energy metabolism may thus be the proximate cause for a fitness-relevant genetic polymorphism, stabilizing a megabase-scale inversion at an intermediate allele frequency in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Knief
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Forstmeier
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen 82319, Germany
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen 82319, Germany
| | - Jochen B. W. Wolf
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
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Paparo L, Nocerino R, Ciaglia E, Di Scala C, De Caro C, Russo R, Trinchese G, Aitoro R, Amoroso A, Bruno C, Di Costanzo M, Passariello A, Messina F, Agangi A, Napolitano M, Voto L, Gatta GD, Pisapia L, Montella F, Mollica MP, Calignano A, Puca A, Berni Canani R. Butyrate as a bioactive human milk protective component against food allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:1398-1415. [PMID: 33043467 PMCID: PMC8247419 DOI: 10.1111/all.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) is a growing health problem worldwide. Effective strategies are advocated to limit the disease burden. Human milk (HM) could be considered as a protective factor against FA, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Butyrate is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite able to exert several immunomodulatory functions. We aimed to define the butyrate concentration in HM, and to see whether the butyrate concentration detected in HM is able to modulate the mechanisms of immune tolerance. METHODS HM butyrate concentration from 109 healthy women was assessed by GS-MS. The effect of HM butyrate on tolerogenic mechanisms was assessed in in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS The median butyrate concentration in mature HM was 0.75 mM. This butyrate concentration was responsible for the maximum modulatory effects observed in all experimental models evaluated in this study. Data from mouse model show that in basal condition, butyrate up-regulated the expression of several biomarkers of gut barrier integrity, and of tolerogenic cytokines. Pretreatment with butyrate significantly reduced allergic response in three animal models of FA, with a stimulation of tolerogenic cytokines, inhibition of Th2 cytokines production and a modulation of oxidative stress. Data from human cell models show that butyrate stimulated human beta defensin-3, mucus components and tight junctions expression in human enterocytes, and IL-10, IFN-γ and FoxP3 expression through epigenetic mechanisms in PBMCs from FA children. Furthermore, it promoted the precursors of M2 macrophages, DCs and regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION The study's findings suggest the importance of butyrate as a pivotal HM compound able to protect against FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food‐Induced Diseases University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Carmen Di Scala
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Rosita Aitoro
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Cristina Bruno
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Margherita Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Annalisa Passariello
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology Monaldi Hospital Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Messina
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "Betania" Evangelical Hospital Naples Italy
| | - Annalisa Agangi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "Betania" Evangelical Hospital Naples Italy
| | | | - Luana Voto
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Giusy Della Gatta
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Laura Pisapia
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Montella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Annibale Puca
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food‐Induced Diseases University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE‐Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food‐Induced Diseases University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Task Force for Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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An energetics perspective on geroscience: mitochondrial protonmotive force and aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:1591-1604. [PMID: 33864592 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that provide energy to cells through ATP production. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been postulated to mediate cellular declines that drive biological aging. Many well-characterized hallmarks of aging may involve underlying energetic defects that stem from loss of mitochondrial function with age. Why and how mitochondrial function declines with age is an open question and one that has been difficult to answer. Mitochondria are powered by an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane known as the protonmotive force (PMF). This gradient decreases with age in several experimental models. However, it is unclear if a diminished PMF is a cause or a consequence of aging. Herein, we briefly review and define mitochondrial function, we summarize how PMF changes with age in several models, and we highlight recent studies that implicate PMF in aging biology. We also identify barriers that must be addressed for the field to progress. Emerging technology permits more precise in vivo study of mitochondria that will allow better understanding of cause and effect in metabolic models of aging. Once cause and effect can be discerned more precisely, energetics approaches to combat aging may be developed to prevent or reverse functional decline.
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Mitochondrial Functioning and the Relations among Health, Cognition, and Aging: Where Cell Biology Meets Cognitive Science. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073562. [PMID: 33808109 PMCID: PMC8037956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive scientists have determined that there is a set of mechanisms common to all sensory, perceptual, and cognitive abilities and correlated with age- and disease-related declines in cognition. These mechanisms also contribute to the development and functional coherence of the large-scale brain networks that support complex forms of cognition. At the same time, these brain and cognitive patterns are correlated with myriad health outcomes, indicating that at least some of the underlying mechanisms are common to all biological systems. Mitochondrial functions, including cellular energy production and control of oxidative stress, among others, are well situated to explain the relations among the brain, cognition, and health. Here, I provide an overview of the relations among cognitive abilities, associated brain networks, and the importance of mitochondrial energy production for their functioning. These are then linked to the relations between cognition, health, and aging. The discussion closes with implications for better integrating research in cognitive science and cell biology in the context of developing more sensitive measures of age- and disease-related declines in cognition.
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Cimmino F, Catapano A, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Culurciello R, Fogliano C, Penna E, Lucci V, Crispino M, Avallone B, Pizzo E, Mollica MP. Dietary Micronutrient Management to Treat Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2862. [PMID: 33799812 PMCID: PMC8000238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, which have been increasing worldwide in recent years, are the consequences of unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and are the main factors underlying non-communicable diseases (NCD). These diseases are now responsible for about three out of five deaths worldwide, and it has been shown that they depend on mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. It was also demonstrated that several nutritional components modulating these processes are able to influence metabolic homeostasis and, consequently, to prevent or delay the onset of NCD. An interesting combination of nutraceutical substances, named DMG-gold, has been shown to promote metabolic and physical wellness. The aim of this research was to investigate the metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative pathways modulated by DMG-gold in an animal model with diet-induced obesity. Our data indicate that DMG-gold decreases the metabolic efficiency and inflammatory state and acts as an antioxidant and detoxifying agent, modulating mitochondrial functions. Therefore, DMG-gold is a promising candidate in the prevention/treatment of NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosanna Culurciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”—National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (C.F.); (E.P.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (B.A.); (E.P.)
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5-Hydroxytryptamine Modulates Maturation and Mitochondria Function of Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor M03-13 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052621. [PMID: 33807720 PMCID: PMC7962057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inside the adult CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCS) are able to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) which are responsible for the production of myelin sheet and energy supply for neurons. Moreover, in demyelinating diseases, OPCs are recruited to the lesion areas where they undergo differentiation and myelin synthesis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in OLs’ development and myelination, but so far the molecular mechanisms involved or the effects of 5-HT on mitochondria function have not yet been well documented. Our data show that 5-HT inhibits migration and proliferation committing cells toward differentiation in an immortalized human oligodendrocyte precursor cell line, M03-13. Migration blockage is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation since antioxidants, such as Vit C and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, prevent the inhibitory effects of 5-HT on cell migration. 5-HT inhibits OPC migration and proliferation and increases OL phenotypic markers myelin basic protein (MBP) and Olig-2 via protein kinase C (PKC) activation since the inhibitor of PKC, bis-indolyl-maleimide (BIM), counteracts 5-HT effects. NOX inhibitors as well, reverse the effects of 5-HT, indicating that 5-HT influences the maturation process of OPCs by NOX-dependent ROS production. Finally, 5-HT increases mitochondria function and antioxidant activity. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 5-HT on maturation and energy metabolism of OPCs could pave the way for the development of new treatments for autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis where oligodendrocytes are the primary target of immune attack.
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Pamplona R, Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Barja G. Is the NDUFV2 subunit of the hydrophilic complex I domain a key determinant of animal longevity? FEBS J 2021; 288:6652-6673. [PMID: 33455045 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex I, a component of the electron transport chain, plays a central functional role in cell bioenergetics and the biology of free radicals. The structural and functional N module of complex I is one of the main sites of the generation of free radicals. The NDUFV2 subunit/N1a cluster is a component of this module. Furthermore, the rate of free radical production is linked to animal longevity. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that NDUFV2 is the only conserved core subunit designed with a regulatory function to ensure correct electron transfer and free radical production, that low gene expression and protein abundance of the NDUFV2 subunit is an evolutionary adaptation needed to achieve a longevity phenotype, and that these features are determinants of the lower free radical generation at the mitochondrial level and a slower rate of aging of long-lived animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Thompson J, Maceyka M, Chen Q. Targeting ER stress and calpain activation to reverse age-dependent mitochondrial damage in the heart. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111380. [PMID: 33045249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severity of cardiovascular disease increases markedly in elderly patients. In addition, many therapeutic strategies that decrease cardiac injury in adult patients are invalid in elderly patients. Thus, it is a challenge to protect the aged heart in the context of underlying chronic or acute cardiac diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cause(s) of this age-related increased damage remain unknown. Aging impairs the function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS-induced oxidative stress can increase cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by potentiating mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Aging leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced function of the ETC. The activation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteases termed calpains leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ETC function. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS generation also induces ER stress, highlighting the dynamic interaction between mitochondria and ER. Here, we discuss the role of ER stress in sensitizing and potentiating mitochondrial dysfunction in response to ischemia-reperfusion, and the promising potential therapeutic benefit of inhibition of ER stress and / or calpains to attenuate cardiac injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
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24
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Fewer Exposed Lysine Residues May Explain Relative Resistance of Chicken Serum Albumin to In Vitro Protein Glycation in Comparison to Bovine Serum Albumin. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:653-661. [PMID: 32930811 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products is associated with several diseases resulting from high blood glucose concentrations. Plasma albumin is directly exposed to circulating glucose concentrations and is therefore at greater risk of glycation than hemoglobin. As plasma glucose concentrations in birds are 1.5-2 times higher than mammals of similar mass, avian albumin may be particularly at risk of glycation. Thus, the goal of the present study was to compare the in vitro formation of glycated albumin in chicken serum albumin (CSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) exposed to a range of glucose concentrations over a 16-week period. The level of glycation for CSA and BSA was quantified using boronate affinity columns to separate glycated albumin from non-glycated albumin and calculating the difference in protein concentration of each sample. The results indicate that CSA is glycated to a lesser degree than BSA when the albumins are exposed to increasing concentrations of glucose (38.8-500 mM). This was most apparent at week sixteen (500 mM glucose) where BSA expressed a higher degree of glycation (37.8 ± 0.76%) compared to CSA (19.7 ± 1.06%, P < 0.05). Additionally, percent glycation at week sixteen was significantly higher than the glucose-free solutions for both BSA and CSA, indicating that glycation is glucose-dependent. Analyses of the protein structures suggest that the relative resistance of CSA to glycation may be due to fewer lysine residues and variations in protein folding that shield more lysine residues from the plasma. Moreover, comparisons of reconstructed ancestral albumin sequences show that the ancestor of birds had 6-8 fewer lysine residues compared to that of mammals.
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Mota-Martorell N, Jove M, Pradas I, Berdún R, Sanchez I, Naudi A, Gari E, Barja G, Pamplona R. Gene expression and regulatory factors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 predict mammalian longevity. GeroScience 2020; 42:1157-1173. [PMID: 32578071 PMCID: PMC7434991 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Species longevity varies significantly across animal species, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies and omics approaches suggest that phenotypic traits of longevity could converge in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. The present study focuses on the comparative approach in heart tissue from 8 mammalian species with a ML ranging from 3.5 to 46 years. Gene expression, protein content, and concentration of regulatory metabolites of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) were measured using droplet digital PCR, western blot, and mass spectrometry, respectively. Our results demonstrate (1) the existence of differences in species-specific gene expression and protein content of mTORC1, (2) that the achievement of a high longevity phenotype correlates with decreased and inhibited mTORC1, (3) a decreased content of mTORC1 activators in long-lived animals, and (4) that these differences are independent of phylogeny. Our findings, taken together, support an important role for mTORC1 downregulation in the evolution of long-lived mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Jove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanchez
- Proteomics and Genomics Unit, University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Naudi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloi Gari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Carta G, Pirozzi C, Murru E, Lama A, Meli R, Bergamo P, Banni S, Mollica MP. Decreased Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle of Rat Fed with a High-Fat Diet Is Recovered by Individual CLA Isomer Supplementation via Converging Protective Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040823. [PMID: 32235294 PMCID: PMC7226748 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance are disrupted by metabolic inflexibility while therapeutic interventions are associated with improved glucose/lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Conjugated linoleic acid mixture (CLA) exhibited anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects; however, the modulatory ability of its isomers (cis9, trans11, C9; trans10, cis12, C10) on the metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle remains to be demonstrated. Metabolic inflexibility was induced in rat by four weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). At the end of this period, the beneficial effects of C9 or C10 on body lipid content, energy expenditure, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial efficiency were examined. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, fatty acids, palmitoyletanolamide (PEA), and oleyletanolamide (OEA) contents along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARα), AKT, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were evaluated in skeletal muscle to investigate the underlying biochemical mechanisms. The presented results indicate that C9 intake reduced mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative stress and increased PEA and OEA levels more efficiently than C10 while the anti-inflammatory activity of C10, and its regulatory efficacy on glucose homeostasis are associated with modulation of the PPARα/AMPK/pAKT signaling pathway. Our results support the idea that the dissimilar efficacy of C9 and C10 against the HFD-induced metabolic inflexibility may be consequential to their ability to activate different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
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27
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Havird JC, Weaver RJ, Milani L, Ghiselli F, Greenway R, Ramsey AJ, Jimenez AG, Dowling DK, Hood WR, Montooth KL, Estes S, Schulte PM, Sokolova IM, Hill GE. Beyond the Powerhouse: Integrating Mitonuclear Evolution, Physiology, and Theory in Comparative Biology. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:856-863. [PMID: 31504533 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes are the outcome of an ancient symbiosis and as such, eukaryotic cells fundamentally possess two genomes. As a consequence, gene products encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes must interact in an intimate and precise fashion to enable aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. This genomic architecture of eukaryotes is proposed to necessitate perpetual coevolution between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to maintain coadaptation, but the presence of two genomes also creates the opportunity for intracellular conflict. In the collection of papers that constitute this symposium volume, scientists working in diverse organismal systems spanning vast biological scales address emerging topics in integrative, comparative biology in light of mitonuclear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ryan J Weaver
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Ryan Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Adam J Ramsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Ana G Jimenez
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kristi L Montooth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68502, USA
| | - Suzanne Estes
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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28
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Liu J, Li X, Wang X. Toxicological effects of ciprofloxacin exposure to Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124542. [PMID: 31549655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of ciprofloxacin (CIP) may cause serious side effects and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Here, we determinate the 48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 values of CIP to Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrate a series of adverse effects after D. melanogaster was exposed to CIP at a sublethal concentration (3.2 mg mL-1). Treated individuals showed shorter lifespan, delayed development and many of the treated larvae failed to pupate or hatch. Smaller body size was observed at every life stage when exposed to CIP and the size of pupae, the weight of third-instar larvae exhibited a perfectly dose-response relationship that the larger concentration exposed to, the smaller body size or lighter weight is. Moreover, reduction in fat body cell viability, elevated oxidative stress markers (SOD and CAT) and down-regulation of diap1, ex, two target genes of Yorkie (Yki), was observed in response to CIP exposure. Most importantly, we found two types of black spot in Drosophila and the proportion of larvae with a black spot was positively related to the treatment dose, which is new in the field. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential harm caused by abuse of quinolones with the goal of urging cautious use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Cooper-Mullin C, Carter WA, McWilliams SR. Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.210443. [PMID: 31511346 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal's redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cooper-Mullin
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Wales A Carter
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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The effect of short-term methionine restriction on glutathione synthetic capacity and antioxidant responses at the whole tissue and mitochondrial level in the rat liver. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110712. [PMID: 31472257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) where methionine is the sole source of sulfur amino acid increases lifespan in diverse species. Methionine restricted rodents experience a decrease in glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, in several tissues, which is paradoxical to longevity interventions because tissues with low GSH might experience more oxidative damage. Liver plays a key role in GSH synthesis and here we examined how MR influences GSH metabolism in the liver. We also hypothesised that low GSH might be subsidized by compensatory pathway(s) in the liver. To investigate GSH synthesis and antioxidant responses, Fischer-344 rats were given either a MR diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. Based on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, GSH synthetic capacity did not respond to low dietary methionine availability. Tissue level protein and lipid oxidation markers do not support elevated oxidative damage, despite low GSH availability. Whole tissue and mitochondrial level responses to MR differed. Specifically, the activity of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase increase in whole liver tissue which might offset the effects of declined GSH availability whereas mitochondrial GSH levels were unperturbed by MR. Moreover, enhanced proton leak in liver mitochondria by MR (4 week) presumably diminishes ROS production. Taken together, we suggest that the effect of low GSH in liver tissue is subsidized, at least in part, by increased antioxidant activity and possibly by enhanced mitochondrial proton leak.
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Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA), presented by Denham Harman in 1950s, proposed that aerobic organisms age due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radical induced damage that accumulates in cells over time. Since antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by electron donation, the most logical approach was to use them as supplements in order to prevent ageing. In this chapter, we will discuss the inability of antioxidant supplementation to improve health and longevity.Although many antioxidants are efficient free radical quenchers in vitro, their in vivo effects are less clear. Recent evidence from human trials implies that antioxidant supplements do not increase lifespan and can even increase the incidence of diseases. Synthetic antioxidants were unable to consistently prevent ROS-induced damage in vivo, possibly as dietary antioxidants may not act only as ROS scavengers. Antioxidants can have dichotomous roles on ROS production. They are easily oxidized and can act as oxidants to induce damage when present in large concentrations. In appropriate amounts, they can modulate cellular metabolism by induction of cell stress responses and/or activate cell damage repair and maintenance systems. Therefore, the antioxidants' beneficial role may be reversed/prevented by excessive amounts of antioxidant supplements. On the other hand, ROS are also involved in many important physiological processes in humans, such as induction of stress responses, pathogen defence, and systemic signalling. Thus, both "anti-oxidative or reductive stress" (the excess of antioxidants) as well as oxidative stress (the excess of ROS) can be damaging and contribute to the ageing processes.
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Wang H, Lu J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Gorka JE, Mandel JA, Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. Metabolic and oncogenic adaptations to pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5466-5486. [PMID: 30755479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell metabolism consists of processes that generate available energy, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and those that consume it, including macromolecular synthesis, the maintenance of ionic gradients, and cellular detoxification. By converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC) links glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Surprisingly, disrupting the connection between glycolysis and the TCA cycle by inactivation of PDC has only minor effects on cell replication. However, the molecular basis for this metabolic re-equilibration is unclear. We report here that CRISPR/Cas9-generated PDH-knockout (PDH-KO) rat fibroblasts reprogrammed their metabolism and their response to short-term c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein overexpression. PDH-KO cells replicated normally but produced surprisingly little lactate. They also exhibited higher rates of glycolysis and Oxphos. In addition, PDH-KO cells showed altered cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pH, redox states, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Conditionally activated Myc expression affected some of these parameters in a PDH-dependent manner. PDH-KO cells had increased oxygen consumption rates in response to glutamate, but not to malate, and were depleted in all TCA cycle substrates between α-ketoglutarate and malate despite high rates of glutaminolysis, as determined by flux studies with isotopically labeled glutamine. Malate and pyruvate were diverted to produce aspartate, thereby potentially explaining the failure to accumulate lactate. We conclude that PDH-KO cells maintain proliferative capacity by utilizing glutamine to supply high rates of AcCoA-independent flux through the bottom portion of the TCA cycle while accumulating pyruvate and aspartate that rescue their redox defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and .,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and.,the The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Penna E, De Filippo C, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Musco N, Tudisco R, Lombardi P, Infascelli F, Messina G, Muredda L, Banni S, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Milk From Cow Fed With High Forage/Concentrate Ratio Diet: Beneficial Effect on Rat Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory State and Oxidative Stress Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Functions and AMPK Activity. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1969. [PMID: 30705640 PMCID: PMC6344429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are relevant components of daily diet and are part of dietary recommendation in many countries due to their content of key nutrients. However, the relatively high content of saturated fat of the milk and its extensive usage for every age group raises concerns about its potential negative health effects. Therefore, in the last years, several researchers dedicated their attention to milk production and quality. Milk fatty acids profile depend on cow feeding and in particular on the type of forage and concentrate and forage/concentrate ratio. It was demonstrated that feeding dairy cows with a 70/30 forage/concentrate ratio yields milk with a low ω6:ω3 ratio and high CLA levels. In this work, we demonstrated that the supplementation of rats diet with this high forage milk (HFM) results, in the skeletal muscle of these animals, in a reduced lipid content and inflammation levels, and an improved mitochondrial lipid oxidation, and redox status through modulation of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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34
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Ibtisham F, Zhao Y, Nawab A, Liguang H, Wu J, Xiao M, Zhao Z, An L. The Effect of High Temperature on Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Anti-oxidant Status of Chicken Embryonic Fibroblast Cells. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Zhao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - A Nawab
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | | | - J Wu
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - M Xiao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - L An
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
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35
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Abstract
The mitochondrial hypothesis of aging evolved from the rate-of-living theory. That theory posited that the rate of aging was largely determined by the rate of energy expenditure. The mechanistic link between energy expenditure and aging was hypothesized to be oxidative stress. As both energy expenditure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) centered on the mitochondria that organelle became a central focus of aging research. Until about the turn of the 21st century available evidence largely supported the efficiency of mitochondrial function as a key contributor to aging. However as methods for investigating mitochondrial oxidant production and tissue level oxidative damage improved, evidentiary support for the theory weakened. Recently, direct disruption of mitochondrial function has been shown not to shorten life or health as expected, but in many cases in multiple laboratory species disrupted mitochondrial function has lengthened life, sometimes without apparent tradeoffs. Does this mean that mitochondrial function plays no role in aging as had been posited for many years? One key consideration is that experiments under laboratory conditions can be misleading about physiological processes that occur in the uncertain conditions of nature. Before we discard the mitochondrial hypothesis of aging, more field experiments targeted at that hypothesis need to be performed. Fortunately, emerging technology is making such experiment more possible than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 Second Avenue South, CH 464, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA
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36
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Makarenko MS, Chistyakov VA, Usatov AV, Mazanko MS, Prazdnova EV, Bren AB, Gorlov IF, Komarova ZB, Chikindas ML. The Impact of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 Supplementation on Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Damage of Laying Hens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:588-593. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Carella F, Aceto S, Mangoni O, Mollica MP, Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Aniello F, De Vico G. Assessment of the Health Status of Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Along the Campania Coastal Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Front Physiol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29946265 PMCID: PMC6005891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis has a broad geographic distribution, represent an important species for the ecology of coastal waters, also constituting a major aquaculture species. In the present work, molecular and tissue biomarkers were examined in mussel populations (M. galloprovincialis) located in four different areas of the coastal water of the Campania Region. During an annual life cycle, we analyzed the expression patterns of several genes commonly used to estimate cellular stress response and damage, namely p53, p63, HSP70, MT-10, and MT-20, related tissue lesions (pathogens, inflammations, digestive tubules damage), oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, SOD specific activity) and associated environmental data. The computed Principal Component Analysis showed that the areas were discernible based on the environmental data and biomarker results. About animal health status, mussels from Gulf of Pozzuoli and Naples's harbor did show a thinnest epithelial cell of digestive tubules compared to mussels sampled from other sampling sites; moreover, high prevalence of cases of intersex in three of the examinated areas were observed. The presence of a potential zoonotic pathogen (Nocardia crassostreae) was identified, appearing as an important possible emerging disease. We also reported the OIE notifiable protozoa Marteilia refringens in three areas out of four. The likely impact of both observed pathogens on the mussel health and shellfish aquaculture needs to be urgently addressed. Results are discussed considering animal histopathological health parameters and biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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38
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Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immune Response in a Murine Model of Peanut Allergy. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060744. [PMID: 29890625 PMCID: PMC6024519 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests a relevant role for liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in allergic disease. However, the role of hepatic mitochondrial function in food allergy is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine model of peanut allergy. Methods: Three-week-old C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized by the oral route with peanut-extract (PNT). We investigated: 1. the occurrence of effective sensitization to PNT by analysing acute allergic skin response, anaphylactic symptoms score, body temperature, serum mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) and anti-PNT immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels; 2. hepatic involvement by analysing interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expression; 3. hepatic mitochondrial oxidation rates and efficiency by polarography, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) yield, aconitase and superoxide dysmutase activities by spectrophotometry. Results: Sensitization to PNT was demonstrated by acute allergic skin response, anaphylactic symptoms score, body temperature decrease, serum mMCP-1 and anti-peanut IgE levels. Liver involvement was demonstrated by a significant increase of hepatic Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) mRNA expression. Mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated by lower state 3 respiration rate in the presence of succinate, decreased fatty acid oxidation in the presence of palmitoyl-carnitine, increased yield of ROS proven by the inactivation of aconitase enzyme and higher H2O2 mitochondrial release. Conclusions: We provide evidence of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine model of peanut allergy. These data could open the way to the identification of new mitochondrial targets for innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies against food allergy.
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39
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Silvestri E, Cioffi F, De Matteis R, Senese R, de Lange P, Coppola M, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Ceccarelli M, Goglia F, Lanni A, Moreno M, Lombardi A. 3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine Affects Structural and Metabolic Features of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in High-Fat-Diet Fed Rats Producing a Co-adaptation to the Glycolytic Fiber Phenotype. Front Physiol 2018; 9:194. [PMID: 29593557 PMCID: PMC5854997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemic state-associated perturbations in the network of factors controlling mitochondrial functions, i. e., morphogenesis machinery and metabolic sensor proteins, produce metabolic inflexibility, insulin resistance and reduced oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation leads to tissue damage and inflammation. The administration of the naturally occurring metabolite 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) with thyromimetic actions to high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats exerts a systemic hypolipidemic effect, which produces a lack of IMCL accumulation, a shift toward glycolytic fibers and amelioration of insulin sensitivity in gastrocnemius muscle. In this study, an integrated approach combining large-scale expression profile and functional analyses was used to characterize the response of skeletal muscle mitochondria to T2 during a HFD regimen. Long-term T2 administration to HDF rats induced a glycolytic phenotype of gastrocnemius muscle as well as an adaptation of mitochondria to the fiber type, with a decreased representation of enzymes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. At the same time, T2 stimulated the activity of individual respiratory complex I, IV, and V. Moreover, T2 prevented the HFD-associated increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and dynamin-1-like protein as well as mitochondrial morphological aberrations, favoring the appearance of tubular and tethered organelles in the intermyofibrillar regions. Remarkably, T2 reverted the HDF-associated expression pattern of proinflammatory factors, such as p65 subunit of NF-kB, and increased the fiber-specific immunoreactivity of adipose differentiation–related protein in lipid droplets. All together, these results further support a role of T2 in counteracting in vivo some of the HFD-induced impairment in structural/metabolic features of skeletal muscle by impacting the mitochondrial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Coppola
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna M Salzano
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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40
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, De Filippo C, Aceto S, Prisco M, Chun JT, Penna E, Negri R, Muredda L, Demurtas A, Banni S, Berni-Canani R, Mattace Raso G, Calignano A, Meli R, Greco L, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Human Milk and Donkey Milk, Compared to Cow Milk, Reduce Inflammatory Mediators and Modulate Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Acting on Mitochondrial Function and Oleylethanolamide Levels in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:32. [PMID: 29472867 PMCID: PMC5810302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Milk from various species differs in nutrient composition. In particular, human milk (HM) and donkey milk (DM) are characterized by a relative high level of triacylglycerol enriched in palmitic acid in sn-2 position. These dietary fats seem to exert beneficial nutritional properties through N-acylethanolamine tissue modulation. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of cow milk (CM), DM, and HM on inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism, focusing on mitochondrial function, efficiency, and dynamics in skeletal muscle, which is the major determinant of resting metabolic rate. Moreover, we also evaluated the levels of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in liver and skeletal muscle, since tissue fatty acid profiles can be modulated by nutrient intervention. Procedures: To this aim, rats were fed with CM, DM, or HM for 4 weeks. Then, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were analyzed. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in serum and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle was also processed to estimate mitochondrial function, efficiency, and dynamics, oxidative stress, and antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme activities. Fatty acid profiles, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamine congeners were determined in liver and skeletal muscle tissue. Results: We demonstrated that DM or HM administration reducing inflammation status, improves glucose disposal and insulin resistance and reduces lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle. Moreover, HM or DM administration increases redox status, and mitochondrial uncoupling, affecting mitochondrial dynamics in the skeletal muscle. Interestingly, HM and DM supplementation increase liver and muscle levels of the N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a key regulator of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Conclusions: HM and DM have a healthy nutritional effect, acting on inflammatory factors and glucose and lipid metabolism. This beneficial effect is associated to a modulation of mitochondrial function, efficiency, and dynamics and to an increase of OEA levels in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Negri
- European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Demurtas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni-Canani
- European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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41
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Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Musco N, Infascelli F, De Filippo C, Mastellone V, Morittu VM, Lombardi P, Tudisco R, Grossi M, Monda V, Cutrignelli MI, Messina A, Calabrò S, Moni HB, Stradella L, Messina G, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Milk from cows fed a diet with a high forage:concentrate ratio improves inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in rats. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1843-1851. [PMID: 29290444 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake may evoke complex biochemical processes characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and impairment of mitochondrial function that represent the main factors underlying noncommunicable diseases. Because cow milk is widely used for human nutrition and in food industry processing, the nutritional quality of milk is of special interest with respect to human health. In our study, we analyzed milk produced by dairy cows fed a diet characterized by a high forage:concentrate ratio (high forage milk, HFM). In view of the low n-6:n-3 ratio and high content of conjugated linoleic acid of HFM, we studied the effects of this milk on lipid metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in a rat model. To this end, we supplemented for 4 wk the diet of male Wistar rats with HFM and with an isocaloric amount (82 kJ, 22 mL/d) of milk obtained from cows fed a diet with low forage:concentrate ratio, and analyzed the metabolic parameters of the animals. Our results indicate that HFM may positively affect lipid metabolism, leptin:adiponectin ratio, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, providing the first evidence of the beneficial effects of HFM on rat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Micaela Grossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Monica I Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Heleena B Moni
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Stradella
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetric and Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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42
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Cooper-Mullin C, McWilliams SR. The role of the antioxidant system during intense endurance exercise: lessons from migrating birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:3684-3695. [PMID: 27903627 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.123992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During migration, birds substantially increase their metabolic rate and burn fats as fuel and yet somehow avoid succumbing to overwhelming oxidative damage. The physiological means by which vertebrates such as migrating birds can counteract an increased production of reactive species (RS) are rather limited: they can upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system and/or consume dietary antioxidants (prophylactically or therapeutically). Thus, birds can alter different components of their antioxidant system to respond to the demands of long-duration flights, but much remains to be discovered about the complexities of RS production and antioxidant protection throughout migration. Here, we use bird migration as an example to discuss how RS are produced during endurance exercise and how the complex antioxidant system can protect against cellular damage caused by RS. Understanding how a bird's antioxidant system responds during migration can lend insights into how antioxidants protect birds during other life-history stages when metabolic rate may be high, and how antioxidants protect other vertebrates from oxidative damage during endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cooper-Mullin
- The Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, 105 Coastal Institute, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- The Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, 105 Coastal Institute, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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43
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Mollica MP, Mattace Raso G, Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, De Filippo C, Aceto S, Prisco M, Pirozzi C, Di Guida F, Lama A, Crispino M, Tronino D, Di Vaio P, Berni Canani R, Calignano A, Meli R. Butyrate Regulates Liver Mitochondrial Function, Efficiency, and Dynamics in Insulin-Resistant Obese Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1405-1418. [PMID: 28223285 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathophysiological features of insulin resistance and obesity. Butyrate, produced by fermentation in the large intestine by gut microbiota, and its synthetic derivative, the N-(1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethyl) butyramide, FBA, have been demonstrated to be protective against insulin resistance and fatty liver. Here, hepatic mitochondria were identified as the main target of the beneficial effect of both butyrate-based compounds in reverting insulin resistance and fat accumulation in diet-induced obese mice. In particular, butyrate and FBA improved respiratory capacity and fatty acid oxidation, activated the AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase pathway, and promoted inefficient metabolism, as shown by the increase in proton leak. Both treatments consistently increased utilization of substrates, especially fatty acids, leading to the reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Finally, the shift of the mitochondrial dynamic toward fusion by butyrate and FBA resulted in the improvement not only of mitochondrial cell energy metabolism but also of glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, butyrate and its more palatable synthetic derivative, FBA, modulating mitochondrial function, efficiency, and dynamics, can be considered a new therapeutic strategy to counteract obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Tronino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Di Vaio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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44
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Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Aging Heart. Circ Res 2017; 118:1593-611. [PMID: 27174952 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial metabolism is the underlying basis for the increased sensitivity in the aged heart to stress. The aged heart exhibits impaired metabolic flexibility, with a decreased capacity to oxidize fatty acids and enhanced dependence on glucose metabolism. Aging impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with a greater role played by the mitochondria located between the myofibrils, the interfibrillar mitochondria. With aging, there is a decrease in activity of complexes III and IV, which account for the decrease in respiration. Furthermore, aging decreases mitochondrial content among the myofibrils. The end result is that in the interfibrillar area, there is ≈50% decrease in mitochondrial function, affecting all substrates. The defective mitochondria persist in the aged heart, leading to enhanced oxidant production and oxidative injury and the activation of oxidant signaling for cell death. Aging defects in mitochondria represent new therapeutic targets, whether by manipulation of the mitochondrial proteome, modulation of electron transport, activation of biogenesis or mitophagy, or the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. These mechanisms provide new ways to attenuate cardiac disease in elders by preemptive treatment of age-related defects, in contrast to the treatment of disease-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lesnefsky
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qun Chen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center (E.J.L, Q.C.), Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Biophsyics (E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (E.J.L., Q.C.); Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (E.J.L.); and Departments of Pharmacology (C.L.H.) and Medicine (E.J.L., C.L.H.), Center for Mitochondrial Disease (C.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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45
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Lama A, Pirozzi C, Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Di Guida F, Cavaliere G, Calignano A, Mattace Raso G, Berni Canani R, Meli R. Polyphenol-rich virgin olive oil reduces insulin resistance and liver inflammation and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat diet fed rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27794174 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Virgin olive oil is an essential component of the Mediterranean diet. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are mainly linked to phenolic contents. This study aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of a polyphenol-rich virgin olive oil (HPCOO) or olive oil without polyphenols (WPOO) in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on the different types of diet: (I) standard diet (STD); (II) HFD; (III) HFD containing WPOO, and (IV) HFD containing HPCOO. HPCOO and WPOO induced a significant improvement of HFD-induced impaired glucose homeostasis (by hyperglycemia, altered oral glucose tolerance, and HOMA-IR) and inflammatory status modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10) and adipokines. Moreover, HPCOO and less extensively WPOO, limited HFD-induced liver oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. To study mitochondrial performance, oxidative capacity and energy efficiency were also evaluated in isolated liver mitochondria. HPCOO, but not WPOO, reduced H2 O2 release and aconitase activity by decreasing degree of coupling, which plays a major role in the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission. CONCLUSION HPCOO limits HFD-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and hepatic oxidative stress, preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Guida
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Machado JP, Johnson WE, Gilbert MTP, Zhang G, Jarvis ED, O'Brien SJ, Antunes A. Bone-associated gene evolution and the origin of flight in birds. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:371. [PMID: 27193938 PMCID: PMC4870793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bones have been subjected to considerable selective pressure throughout vertebrate evolution, such as occurred during the adaptations associated with the development of powered flight. Powered flight evolved independently in two extant clades of vertebrates, birds and bats. While this trait provided advantages such as in aerial foraging habits, escape from predators or long-distance travels, it also imposed great challenges, namely in the bone structure. RESULTS We performed comparative genomic analyses of 89 bone-associated genes from 47 avian genomes (including 45 new), 39 mammalian, and 20 reptilian genomes, and demonstrate that birds, after correcting for multiple testing, have an almost two-fold increase in the number of bone-associated genes with evidence of positive selection (~52.8 %) compared with mammals (~30.3 %). Most of the positive-selected genes in birds are linked with bone regulation and remodeling and thirteen have been linked with functional pathways relevant to powered flight, including bone metabolism, bone fusion, muscle development and hyperglycemia levels. Genes encoding proteins involved in bone resorption, such as TPP1, had a high number of sites under Darwinian selection in birds. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of positive selection observed in bird ossification genes suggest that there was a period of intense selective pressure to improve flight efficiency that was closely linked with constraints on body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Warren E Johnson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Volgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guojie Zhang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzen, 518083, China
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Department of Neurobiology Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia
- Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, 33004, USA
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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47
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Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Bergamo P, De Filippo C, Mattace Raso G, Gifuni G, Putti R, Moni BH, Canani RB, Meli R, Mollica MP. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Diet Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Modulating Mitochondrial Respiratory Uncoupling in Rat Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149033. [PMID: 26901315 PMCID: PMC4762694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are dietary compounds able to attenuate insulin resistance. Anyway, the precise actions of ω-3PUFAs in skeletal muscle are overlooked. We hypothesized that PUFAs, modulating mitochondrial function and efficiency, would ameliorate pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant signs of nutritionally induced obesity. Study Design To this aim, rats were fed a control diet (CD) or isocaloric high fat diets containing either ω-3 PUFA (FD) or lard (LD) for 6 weeks. Results FD rats showed lower weight, lipid gain and energy efficiency compared to LD-fed animals, showing higher energy expenditure and O2 consumption/CO2 production. Serum lipid profile and pro-inflammatory parameters in FD-fed animals were reduced compared to LD. Accordingly, FD rats exhibited a higher glucose tolerance revealed by an improved glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared to LD, accompanied by a restoration of insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. PUFAs increased lipid oxidation and reduced energy efficiency in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and increase AMPK activation, reducing both endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Increased mitochondrial respiration was related to an increased mitochondriogenesis in FD skeletal muscle, as shown by the increase in PGC1-α and -β. Conclusions our data strengthened the association of high dietary ω3-PUFA intake with reduced mitochondrial energy efficiency in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Avellino, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gifuni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Bottu Heleena Moni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Guerriero F, Ricevuti G. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1888-1895. [PMID: 28197174 PMCID: PMC5270416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.195277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELF-EMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Guerriero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Settle T, Falkenstein E, Klandorf H. The effect of allopurinol administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of xanthine oxidoreductase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2555-65. [PMID: 26316336 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood glucose concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of purine degradation, uric acid (UA) is generated in the xanthine/hypoxanthine reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb × Cobb broilers (n = 12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n = 6); control (CON) and allopurinol (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler chickens in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1 wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P = 0.01) and state 4 respiration (P = 0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p35, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb × Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4 wk age (n = 10); CON and ALLO. After 1 wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P = 0.003) and ALLO 2 (P = 0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Settle
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501
| | - E Falkenstein
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501
| | - H Klandorf
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Canani RB, Matamoros S, Bergamo P, De Filippo C, Aceto S, Gaita M, Cerino P, Negri R, Greco L, Cani PD, Mollica MP. Human, donkey and cow milk differently affects energy efficiency and inflammatory state by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1136-46. [PMID: 26118693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different nutritional components are able, by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota composition, to influence body composition, metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects produced by the supplementation of different milks on energy balance, inflammatory state, oxidative stress and antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme activities and to investigate the role of the mitochondrial efficiency and the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic functions in an animal model. We compared the intake of human milk, gold standard for infant nutrition, with equicaloric supplementation of donkey milk, the best substitute for newborns due to its nutritional properties, and cow milk, the primary marketed product. The results showed a hypolipidemic effect produced by donkey and human milk intake in parallel with enhanced mitochondrial activity/proton leakage. Reduced mitochondrial energy efficiency and proinflammatory signals (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 and lipopolysaccharide levels) were associated with a significant increase of antioxidants (total thiols) and detoxifying enzyme activities (glutathione-S-transferase, NADH quinone oxidoreductase) in donkey- and human milk-treated animals. The beneficial effects were attributable, at least in part, to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 pathway. Moreover, the metabolic benefits induced by human and donkey milk may be related to the modulation of gut microbiota. In fact, milk treatments uniquely affected the proportions of bacterial phyla and genera, and we hypothesized that the increased concentration of fecal butyrate in human and donkey milk-treated rats was related to the improved lipid and glucose metabolism and detoxifying activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sebastien Matamoros
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Gaita
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Negri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
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