1
|
Teng K, An Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent Development of Alginate-Based Materials and Their Versatile Functions in Biomedicine, Flexible Electronics, and Environmental Uses. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1302-1337. [PMID: 33764038 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide that is easily chemically modified or compounded with other components for various types of functionalities. The alginate derivatives are appealing not only because they are biocompatible so that they can be used in biomedicine or tissue engineering but also because of the prospering bioelectronics that require various biomaterials to interface between human tissues and electronics or to serve as electronic components themselves. The study of alginate-based materials, especially hydrogels, have repeatedly found new frontiers over recent years. In this Review, we document the basic properties of alginate, their chemical modification strategies, and the recent development of alginate-based functional composite materials. The newly thrived functions such as ionically conductive hydrogel or 3D or 4D cell culturing matrix are emphasized among other appealing potential applications. We expect that the documentation of relevant information will stimulate scientific efforts to further develop biocompatible electronics or smart materials and to help the research domain better address the medicine, energy, and environmental challenges faced by human societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of CPLA, Beijing 100048, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwieger J, Hamm A, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Hoffmann A, Lenarz T, Scheper V. Alginate-encapsulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells are a promising drug delivery system for protection of auditory neurons. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420911313. [PMID: 32341778 PMCID: PMC7168777 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420911313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cochlear implant outcome is possibly improved by brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment protecting spiral ganglion neurons. Implantation of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells may enable the required long-term brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration. Encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in ultra-high viscous alginate may protect the mesenchymal stem cells from the recipient’s immune system and prevent their uncontrolled migration. Alginate stability and survival of mesenchymal stem cells in alginate were evaluated. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production was measured and its protective effect was analyzed in dissociated rat spiral ganglion neuron co-culture. Since the cochlear implant is an active electrode, alginate–mesenchymal stem cell samples were electrically stimulated and alginate stability and mesenchymal stem cell survival were investigated. Stability of ultra-high viscous-alginate and alginate–mesenchymal stem cells was proven. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production was detectable and spiral ganglion neuron survival, bipolar morphology, and neurite outgrowth were increased. Moderate electrical stimulation did not affect the mesenchymal stem cell survival and their viability was good within the investigated time frame. Local drug delivery by ultra-high viscous-alginate-encapsulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor–overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells is a promising strategy to improve the cochlear implant outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael M Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Therapeutic effects and adaptive limits of an acellular technique by ultrapurified alginate (UPAL) gel implantation in canine osteochondral defect models. Regen Ther 2020; 14:154-159. [PMID: 32110684 PMCID: PMC7033291 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to clarify the objective therapeutic effects of an acellular technique by ultrapurified alginate (UPAL) gel implantation in canine osteochondral defect models. Methods Two osteochondral defects (diameters: 3.0 and 5.0 mm) were created on each patellar groove in both knees of 10 dogs. Defects were divided into four groups (n = 10 each): Group 1, untreated 3.0-mm defect; Group 2, 3.0-mm defect with UPAL gel; Group 3, untreated 5.0-mm defect; and Group 4, 5.0-mm defect with UPAL gel. All surgical procedures were performed by individuals unfamiliar with the technique at an independent institution. Articular surfaces were evaluated grossly and histologically at 27 weeks after operation. Results UPAL gel-treated osteochondral defects showed significantly improved gross appearance in Group 4 and histological appearance in Groups 2 and 4. Reparative tissues in the 3.0-mm defect with UPAL gel were replaced by hyaline-like cartilage tissue. The 5.0-mm defects with UPAL gel were mostly covered with fibrocartilaginous tissue, whereas UPAL gel-untreated defects mostly remained uncovered by any tissue. Conclusions Although an acellular technique using UPAL gel implantation significantly enhanced osteochondral repair in canines, reparative tissues of the large defect with alginate gel comprised of fibrocartilaginous tissue. This surgical technique is effective, especially for small cartilage injuries. Further improvements are required before clinical application in cases of severe osteochondral defects in humans.
Collapse
|
4
|
Grijalvo S, Nieto‐Díaz M, Maza RM, Eritja R, Díaz DD. Alginate Hydrogels as Scaffolds and Delivery Systems to Repair the Damaged Spinal Cord. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900275. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto‐Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Rodrigo M. Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Natural Products and Abrobiology of the CSIC Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 E‐3826 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim W, Onodera T, Kondo E, Kawaguchi Y, Terkawi MA, Baba R, Hontani K, Joutoku Z, Matsubara S, Homan K, Hishimura R, Iwasaki N. Effects of Ultra-Purified Alginate Gel Implantation on Meniscal Defects in Rabbits. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:640-650. [PMID: 30597120 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518816690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many tissue-engineered methods for meniscal repair have been studied, but their utility remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS Implantation of low-endotoxin, ultra-purified alginate (UPAL) gel without cells could induce fibrocartilage regeneration on meniscal defects in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Forty-two mature Japanese White rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 21 animals each. In each animal, a cylindrical defect measuring 2 mm in diameter was created with a biopsy punch on the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. In the control group, no treatment was applied on the left medial meniscal defect. In the UPAL gel group, the right medial meniscal defect was injected with the UPAL gel and gelated by a CaCl2 solution. Samples were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. For biomechanical evaluation, 6 additional samples from intact animals were used for comparison. RESULTS The macroscopic score was significantly greater in the UPAL gel group than in the control group at 3 weeks (mean ± SE: 5.6 ± 0.82 vs 3.4 ± 0.83, P = .010), 6 weeks (5.9 ± 0.72 vs 2.5 ± 0.75, P = .026), and 12 weeks (5.2 ± 1.21 vs 1.0 ± 0.63, P = .020). The histological score was significantly greater in the UPAL group than in the control group at 3 weeks (2.1 ± 0.31 vs 1.2 ± 0.25, P = .029) and 12 weeks (2.2 ± 0.55 vs 0.3 ± 0.21, P = .016). The mean stiffness of the reparative tissue in the UPAL gel group was significantly greater than that in the control group at 6 weeks (24.325 ± 3.920 N/mm vs 8.723 ± 1.190 N/mm, P = .006) and at 12 weeks (27.804 ± 6.169 N/mm vs not applicable [because of rupture]). CONCLUSION The UPAL gel enhanced the spontaneous repair of fibrocartilage tissues in a cylindrical meniscal defect in rabbits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results imply that the acellular UPAL gel may improve the repair of traumatic meniscal injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WooYoung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Advanced Therapeutic Research for Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rikiya Baba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hontani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zenta Joutoku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsubara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hishimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barati G, Nadri S, Hajian R, Rahmani A, Mostafavi H, Mortazavi Y, Taromchi AH. Differentiation of microfluidic‐encapsulated trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells and their impact on diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6801-6809. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Ramin Hajian
- Novel Fluidic Systems Pioneers Co., Innovation & Entrepreneurship Center of Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The principle of immunoisolation of cells is based on encapsulation of cells in immunoprotective but semipermeable membranes that protect cells from hazardous effects of the host immune system but allows ingress of nutrients and outgress of therapeutic molecules. The technology was introduced in 1933 but has only received its deserved attention for its therapeutic application for three decades now.In the past decade important advances have been made in creating capsules that provoke minimal or no inflammatory responses. There are however new emerging challenges. These challenges relate to optimal nutrition and oxygen supply as well as standardization and documentation of capsule properties.It is concluded that the proof of principle of applicability of encapsulated grafts for treatment of human disease has been demonstrated and merits optimism about its clinical potential. Further innovation requires a much more systematic approach in identifying crucial properties of capsules and cellular grafts to allow sound interpretations of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Vos
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krishnan R, Ko D, Foster CE, Liu W, Smink AM, de Haan B, De Vos P, Lakey JRT. Immunological Challenges Facing Translation of Alginate Encapsulated Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation to Human Clinical Trials. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1479:305-333. [PMID: 27738946 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6364-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of alginate-encapsulated islets has the potential to treat patients suffering from type I diabetes, a condition characterized by an autoimmune attack against insulin-secreting beta cells. However, there are multiple immunological challenges associated with this procedure, all of which must be adequately addressed prior to translation from trials in small animal and nonhuman primate models to human clinical trials. Principal threats to graft viability include immune-mediated destruction triggered by immunogenic alginate impurities, unfavorable polymer composition and surface characteristics, and release of membrane-permeable antigens, as well as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by the encapsulated islets themselves. The lack of standardization of significant parameters of bioencapsulation device design and manufacture (i.e., purification protocols, surface-modification grafting techniques, alginate composition modifications) between labs is yet another obstacle that must be overcome before a clinically effective and applicable protocol for encapsulating islets can be implemented. Nonetheless, substantial progress is being made, as is evident from prolonged graft survival times and improved protection from immune-mediated graft destruction reported by various research groups, but also with regard to discoveries of specific pathways involved in explaining observed outcomes. Progress in the latter is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the varying levels of immunogenicity of certain alginate devices. Successful translation of encapsulated islet transplantation from in vitro and animal model testing to human clinical trials hinges on application of this knowledge of the pathways and interactions which comprise immune-mediated rejection. Thus, this review not only focuses on the different factors contributing to provocation of the immune reaction by encapsulated islets, but also on the defining characteristics of the response itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - David Ko
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.,Department of Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A M Smink
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Haan
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul De Vos
- Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. .,Department of Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neuro-differentiated Ntera2 cancer stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads: First evidence of biological functionality. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Iyer NR, Wilems TS, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Stem cells for spinal cord injury: Strategies to inform differentiation and transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:245-259. [PMID: 27531038 PMCID: PMC5642909 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI), involving a cascade of secondary events and the formation of inhibitory barriers, hampers regeneration across the lesion site and often results in irreversible loss of motor function. The limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI has led to a focus on the development of cell therapies that can confer both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative benefits. Stem cells have emerged as a candidate cell source because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a multitude of specialized cell types. While ethical and safety concerns impeded the use of stem cells in the past, advances in isolation and differentiation methods have largely mitigated these issues. A confluence of work in stem cell biology, genetics, and developmental neurobiology has informed the directed differentiation of specific spinal cell types. After transplantation, these stem cell-derived populations can replace lost cells, provide trophic support, remyelinate surviving axons, and form relay circuits that contribute to functional recovery. Further refinement of stem cell differentiation and transplantation methods, including combinatorial strategies that involve biomaterial scaffolds and drug delivery, is critical as stem cell-based treatments enter clinical trials. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 245-259. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Thomas S Wilems
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bygd HC, Bratlie KM. Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Combined Modified Alginates on Macrophage Phenotype. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E422. [PMID: 30974698 PMCID: PMC6432444 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding macrophage responses to biomaterials is crucial to the success of implanted medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery vehicles. Cellular responses to materials may depend synergistically on multiple surface chemistries, due to the polyvalent nature of cell⁻ligand interactions. Previous work in our lab found that different surface functionalities of chemically modified alginate could sway macrophage phenotype toward either the pro-inflammatory or pro-angiogenic phenotype. Using these findings, this research aims to understand the relationship between combined material surface chemistries and macrophage phenotype. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion, nitrite production, and arginase activity were measured and used to determine the ability of the materials to alter macrophage phenotype. Cooperative relationships between pairwise modifications of alginate were determined by calculating synergy values for the aforementioned molecules. Several materials appeared to improve M1 to M2 macrophage reprogramming capabilities, giving valuable insight into the complexity of surface chemistries needed for optimal incorporation and survival of implanted biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Bygd
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bygd HC, Bratlie KM. The effect of chemically modified alginates on macrophage phenotype and biomolecule transport. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1707-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Bygd
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmes Iowa50011
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmes Iowa50011
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmes Iowa50011
- Division of Materials Science & EngineeringAmes National LaboratoryAmes Iowa50011
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stucky EC, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML, Shreiber DI. Alginate micro-encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells enhances modulation of the neuro-inflammatory response. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1353-64. [PMID: 26210574 PMCID: PMC5928499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Modulation of inflammation after brain trauma is a key therapeutic goal aimed at limiting the consequences of the subsequent injury cascade. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to dynamically regulate the inflammatory environment in several tissue systems, including the central nervous system. There has been limited success, however, with the use of direct implantation of cells in the brain caused by low viability and engraftment at the injury site. To circumvent this, we encapsulated MSCs in alginate microspheres and evaluated the ability of these encapsulated MSCs to attenuate inflammation in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). METHODS OHSC were administered lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation and immediately co-cultured with encapsulated or monolayer human MSCs. After 24 h, culture media was assayed for the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) produced by OHSC, as well as MSC-produced trophic mediators. RESULTS Encapsulated MSCs reduced TNF-α more effectively than did monolayer MSCs. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reduction of TNF-α. In contrast to monolayer MSCs, inflammatory signals were not required to stimulate PGE2 production by encapsulated MSCs. Further encapsulation-stimulated changes were revealed in a multiplex panel analyzing 27 MSC-produced cytokines and growth factors, from which additional mediators with strong correlations to TNF-α levels were identified. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alginate encapsulation of MSCs may not only provide an improved delivery vehicle for transplantation but may also enhance MSC therapeutic benefit for treating neuro-inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stucky
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsukuda Y, Onodera T, Ito M, Izumisawa Y, Kasahara Y, Igarashi T, Ohzawa N, Todoh M, Tadano S, Iwasaki N. Therapeutic effects of intra-articular ultra-purified low endotoxin alginate administration on an experimental canine osteoarthritis model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3441-8. [PMID: 25904112 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of intra-articular administration of ultra-purified low endotoxin alginate (UPLE-alginate) on osteoarthritis (OA) using a canine anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. DESIGN We used 20 beagle dogs. ACLT was performed on the left knee of each dog and a sham operation was performed on the right knee as a control. All animals were randomly divided into the control (saline) and therapeutic (UPLE-alginate) groups. Animals in the control and therapeutic groups received weekly injections with 0.7 mL normal saline or 0.7 mL 0.5% UPLE-alginate, respectively, from 0 to 3 weeks after ACLT or sham operation. At 9 weeks after ACLT, the knee joints of all animals were observed using arthroscopy. All animals were euthanized at 14 weeks after ACLT and evaluated using morphologic assessment, histologic assessment, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Arthroscopic findings showed intact cartilage surface in both groups. Morphologic findings in the therapeutic group showed milder degeneration compared with those of the control group, but there were no significant differences between groups. Histologic scores of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) were better in the therapeutic group than the control group (MFC: p = 0.009, LFC: p = 0.009). Joint lubrication did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION Intra-articular administration of UPLE-alginate in the early stage of OA slowed disease progression in canines. UPLE-alginate may have potential as a therapeutic agent for OA patients and reduce the number of patients who need to undergo total joint arthroplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tsukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Izumisawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kasahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Igarashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohzawa
- Business Development Division, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tadano
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hillberg AL, Oudshoorn M, Lam JBB, Kathirgamanathan K. Encapsulation of porcine pancreatic islets within an immunoprotective capsule comprising methacrylated glycol chitosan and alginate. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:503-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
16
|
Krishnan R, Alexander M, Robles L, Foster CE, Lakey JRT. Islet and stem cell encapsulation for clinical transplantation. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 11:84-101. [PMID: 25148368 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2014.11.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, improvements in islet isolation techniques have made islet transplantation an option for a certain subset of patients with long-standing diabetes. Although islet transplants have shown improved graft function, adequate function beyond the second year has not yet been demonstrated, and patients still require immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Since allogeneic islet transplants have experienced some success, the next step is to improve graft function while eliminating the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Biomaterial encapsulation offers a strategy to avoid the need for toxic immunosuppression while increasing the chances of graft function and survival. Encapsulation entails coating cells or tissue in a semipermeable biocompatible material that allows for the passage of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones while blocking immune cells and regulatory substances from recognizing and destroying the cell, thus avoiding the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Despite advances in encapsulation technology, these developments have not yet been meaningfully translated into clinical islet transplantation, for which several factors are to blame, including graft hypoxia, host inflammatory response, fibrosis, improper choice of biomaterial type, lack of standard guidelines, and post-transplantation device failure. Several new approaches, such as the use of porcine islets, stem cells, development of prevascularized implants, islet nanocoating, and multilayer encapsulation, continue to generate intense scientific interest in this rapidly expanding field. This review provides a comprehensive update on islet and stem cell encapsulation as a treatment modality in type 1 diabetes, including a historical outlook as well as current and future research avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Lourdes Robles
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paredes-Juarez GA, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, de Vos P. A Technology Platform to Test the Efficacy of Purification of Alginate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:2087-2103. [PMID: 28788557 PMCID: PMC5453257 DOI: 10.3390/ma7032087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are widely used in tissue engineering technologies, e.g., in cell encapsulation, in drug delivery and various immobilization procedures. The success rates of these studies are highly variable due to different degrees of tissue response. A cause for this variation in success is, among other factors, its content of inflammatory components. There is an urgent need for a technology to test the inflammatory capacity of alginates. Recently, it has been shown that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in alginate are potent immunostimulatories. In this article, we present the design and evaluation of a technology platform to assess (i) the immunostimulatory capacity of alginate or its contaminants, (ii) where in the purification process PAMPs are removed, and (iii) which Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and ligands are involved. A THP1 cell-line expressing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the co-signaling molecules CD14 and MD2 was used to assess immune activation of alginates during the different steps of purification of alginate. To determine if this activation was mediated by TLRs, a THP1-defMyD88 cell-line was applied. This cell-line possesses a non-functional MyD88 coupling protein, necessary for activating NF-κB via TLRs. To identify the specific TLRs being activated by the PAMPs, we use different human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell-line that expresses only one specific TLR. Finally, specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were applied to identify the specific PAMP. By applying this three-step procedure, we can screen alginate in a manner, which is both labor and cost efficient. The efficacy of the platform was evaluated with an alginate that did not pass our quality control. We demonstrate that this alginate was immunostimulatory, even after purification due to reintroduction of the TLR5 activating flagellin. In addition, we tested two commercially available purified alginates. Our experiments show that these commercial alginates contained peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, flagellin, and even lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The platform presented here can be used to evaluate the efficacy of purification procedures in removing PAMPs from alginates in a cost-efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A Paredes-Juarez
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Venkatesan J, Nithya R, Sudha PN, Kim SK. Role of alginate in bone tissue engineering. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:45-57. [PMID: 25300542 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone, a typical inorganic-organic biocomposite, is made of approximately 70 wt% inorganic components, mainly hydroxyapatite (HAp,Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)), and 30 wt% of organic matrix, mainly collagen I. Human organ failure caused by defects, injuries, or other types of damage is one of the most devastating and costly problems in human health care. Recently, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach for bone repair and reconstruction. The ultimate goal of bone tissue engineering is the fabrication of a construct that matches the physical and biological properties of the natural bone tissue. Biopolymers have some distinct advantages such as their biodegradation rates and mechanical properties can be tailored to a certain extent for specific applications. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide, is readily processable for applicable three-dimensional scaffolding materials such as hydrogels, microspheres, microcapsules, sponges, foams, and fibers. Alginate can be easily modified via chemical and physical reactions to obtain derivatives having various structures, properties, functions, and applications. The purpose of this chapter is to review recent research on alginate in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science and Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - R Nithya
- Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasad N Sudha
- Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science and Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hütten M, Ehrhart F, Erhacrt F, Zimmermann H, Reich U, Esser KH, Lenarz T, Scheper V. UHV-alginate as matrix for neurotrophic factor producing cells--a novel biomaterial for cochlear implant optimization to preserve inner ear neurons from degeneration. Otol Neurotol 2013; 34:1127-33. [PMID: 23512074 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3182804949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ultra high viscous (UHV-) alginate is a suitable matrix for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) producing cells, enabling cell survival and BDNF release out of the matrix and subsequent protection of auditory neuronal cells. BACKGROUND Cochlear implant (CI) target cells, spiral ganglion cells (SGC), undergo a progressive degeneration. BDNF prevents SGC from degeneration but has to be delivered locally to the inner ear for months. A permanent growth factor application may be realized via a cell-based drug delivery system. Encapsulation of this delivery system into a matrix could avoid immune response of the recipient, migration, and uncontrolled proliferation of the cells. METHODS NIH3T3-fibroblasts producing endogenous BDNF were incorporated in UHV-alginate. The survival of the cells in the alginate was examined by cell counts of cryogenic slices, and the BDNF production was determined by performing ELISA. The supernatant of the alginate-cell culture was added to primary SGC culture, and the neuroprotective effect of the produced BDNF was observed performing SGC counts. RESULTS BDNF-producing cells cultivated in UHV-alginate survived for up to 30 days, which was the latest time point observed. The BDNF concentration in cell culture medium, produced from in UHV-alginate incorporated fibroblasts and released out of the alginate matrix into the medium, was significantly increased after 30 days of cultivation. Supernatant of 7 days incubated UHV-alginate containing NIH3T3/BDNF cells significantly increased the SGC survival in vitro. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates UHV-alginate to be a suitable scaffold for BDNF-producing fibroblasts. UHV-alginates are a promising biomaterial for cochlear implant biofunctionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Hütten
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma M, Chiu A, Sahay G, Doloff JC, Dholakia N, Thakrar R, Cohen J, Vegas A, Chen D, Bratlie KM, Dang T, York RL, Hollister-Lock J, Weir GC, Anderson DG. Core-shell hydrogel microcapsules for improved islets encapsulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:667-72. [PMID: 23208618 PMCID: PMC3814167 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Islets microencapsulation holds great promise to treat type 1 diabetes. Currently used alginate microcapsules often have islets protruding outside capsules, leading to inadequate immuno-protection. A novel design of microcapsules with core-shell structures using a two-fluid co-axial electro-jetting is reported. Improved encapsulation and diabetes correction is achieved in a single step by simply confining the islets in the core region of the capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ma
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Chiu
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joshua C. Doloff
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nimit Dholakia
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raj Thakrar
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arturo Vegas
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delai Chen
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Tram Dang
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger L. York
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gordon C. Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Capone SH, Dufresne M, Rechel M, Fleury MJ, Salsac AV, Paullier P, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Legallais C. Impact of alginate composition: from bead mechanical properties to encapsulated HepG2/C3A cell activities for in vivo implantation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62032. [PMID: 23637958 PMCID: PMC3636232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest has focused on hepatocytes' implantation to provide end stage liver failure patients with a temporary support until spontaneous recovery or a suitable donor becomes available. To avoid cell damage and use of an immunosuppressive treatment, hepatic cells could be implanted after encapsulation in a porous biomaterial of bead or capsule shape. The aim of this study was to compare the production and the physical properties of the beads, together with some hepatic cell functions, resulting from the use of different material combinations for cell microencapsulation: alginate alone or combined with type I collagen with or without poly-L-lysine and alginate coatings. Collagen and poly-L-lysine increased the bead mechanical resistance but lowered the mass transfer kinetics of vitamin B12. Proliferation of encapsulated HepG2/C3A cells was shown to be improved in alginate-collagen beads. Finally, when the beads were subcutaneously implanted in mice, the inflammatory response was reduced in the case of alginate mixed with collagen. This in vitro and in vivo study clearly outlines, based on a systematic comparison, the necessity of compromising between material physical properties (mechanical stability and porosity) and cell behavior (viability, proliferation, functionalities) to define optima hepatic cell microencapsulation conditions before implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Capone
- UMR CNRS 7338, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, University of Technology, Compiegne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wallrapp C, Thoenes E, Thürmer F, Jork A, Kassem M, Geigle P. Cell-based delivery of glucagon-like peptide-1 using encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:315-24. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.726281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
Kozlovskaya V, Zavgorodnya O, Chen Y, Ellis K, Tse HM, Cui W, Thompson JA, Kharlampieva E. Ultrathin polymeric coatings based on hydrogen-bonded polyphenol for protection of pancreatic islet cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012; 22:3389-3398. [PMID: 23538331 PMCID: PMC3607452 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Though transplantation of pancreatic islet cells has emerged as a promising treatment for Type 1 diabetes its clinical application remains limited due to a number of limitations including both pathogenic innate and adaptive immune responses. We report here on a novel type of multifunctional cytoprotective material applied to coat living pancreatic islets. The coating utilizes hydrogen-bonded interactions of a natural polyphenol (tannic acid) with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) deposited on the islet surface via non-ionic layer-by-layer assembly. We demonstrate that the coating is conformal over the surface of mammalian islets including those derived from rat, non-human primate (NHP), and human. In contrast to unmodified controls, the coated islets maintain their viability and β-cell functionality for at least 96 hours in vitro. We also determine that the coating demonstrates immunomodulatory cytoprotective properties suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages and diabetogenic BDC-2.5 T cells. The coating material combines high chemical stability under physiologically relevant conditions with capability of suppressing cytokine synthesis, crucial parameters for prolonged islet integrity, viability, and function in vivo. Our study offers new opportunities in the area of advanced multifunctional materials to be used for a cell-based transplantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Oleksandra Zavgorodnya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Kristin Ellis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - J. Anthony Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Malpique R, Tostões R, Beier AFJ, Serra M, Brito C, Schulz JC, Björquist P, Zimmermann H, Alves PM. Surface-based cryopreservation strategies for human embryonic stem cells: a comparative study. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1079-87. [PMID: 22718690 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold tremendous potential in the emerging fields of gene and cell therapy as well as in basic scientific research. One of the major challenges regarding their application is the development of efficient cryopreservation protocols for hESC since current methods present poor recovery rates and/or technical difficulties which impair the development of effective processes that can handle bulk quantities of pluripotent cells. The main focus of this work was to compare different strategies for the cryopreservation of adherent hESC colonies. Slow-rate freezing protocols using intact hESC colonies was evaluated and compared with a surface-based vitrification approach. Entrapment within ultra-high viscous alginate was investigated as the main strategy to avoid the commonly observed loss of viability and colony fragmentation during slow-rate freezing. Our results indicate that entrapment beneath a layer of ultra-high viscous alginate does not provide further protection to hESC cryopreserved through slow-rate freezing, irrespectively of the cryomedium used. Vitrification of adherent hESC colonies on culture dishes yielded significantly higher recovery rates when compared to the slow-rate freezing approaches investigated. The pluripotency of hESC was not changed after a vitrification/thawing cycle and during further propagation in culture. In conclusion, from the cryopreservation methods investigated in this study, surface-based vitrification of hESC has proven to be the most efficient for the cryopreservation of intact hESC colonies, reducing the time required to amplify frozen stocks thus supporting the widespread use of these cells in research and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular Biocompatibility Evaluation of Poly-L-Ornithine-Coated Alginate Microcapsules by Investigating mRNA Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following a polyelectrolytical complex reaction, the poly-L-ornithine (PLO)-alginate microcapsules were prepared by coating PLO on calcium alginate beads which were produced by a high-voltage electrostatic droplet generator. The biocompatibility of the microcapsules at the molecular level was evaluated through investigating the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; that is, the effect of the PLO coating of alginate beads on the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured using the RT-PCR method. The resulting PLO-coated alginate microcapsules have a smooth surface with a mean diameter of 309µm. The molecular biocompatibility studies show that coating microcapsules with PLO has no significant effect on the biocompatibility of alginate microcapsules (p>0.05), and both alginate microcapsules and PLO-coated microcapsules are significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05); however, both are also capable of causing an inflammatory response at a molecular level since both are significantly different from the blank control (p<0.05). Furthermore, with the increase in concentration of microcapsules or co-cultured time, part of the mRNA expression of cytokines is significantly increased. The results also demonstrate that the method used in this study, co-incubating the microcapsules with macrophages and measuring the mRNA expression of cytokines by RT-PCR, may be a useful method for evaluating the biocompatibility of coating materials of microcapsules.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hyun YM, Sumagin R, Sarangi PP, Lomakina E, Overstreet MG, Baker CM, Fowell DJ, Waugh RE, Sarelius IH, Kim M. Uropod elongation is a common final step in leukocyte extravasation through inflamed vessels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1349-62. [PMID: 22711877 PMCID: PMC3405502 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uropod elongation occurs during leukocyte extravasation. The efficient trafficking of immune cells into peripheral nonlymphoid tissues is key to enact their protective functions. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs, real-time leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues is not well characterized. The conventional multistep paradigm of leukocyte extravasation depends on CD18 integrin–mediated events such as rapid arrest and crawling on the surface of the endothelium and transmigration through the endothelial layer. Using enhanced three-dimensional detection of fluorescent CD18 fusion proteins in a newly developed knockin mouse, we report that extravasating leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells) show delayed uropod detachment and become extremely elongated before complete transmigration across the endothelium. Additionally, these cells deposit CD18+ microparticles at the subendothelial layer before retracting the stretched uropod. Experiments with knockout mice and blocking antibodies reveal that the uropod elongation and microparticle formation are the result of LFA-1–mediated adhesion and VLA-3–mediated cell migration through the vascular basement membrane. These findings suggest that uropod elongation is a final step in the leukocyte extravasation cascade, which may be important for precise regulation of leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee BH, Li B, Guelcher SA. Gel microstructure regulates proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells encapsulated in alginate beads. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1693-702. [PMID: 22306825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For cell transplantation into damaged tissues, viable cells must be delivered to the defect site in a suitable carrier. However, the hypoxic and nutrient-limited environment in the carrier can induce massive cell death. The aims of this study were to increase the viability and regulate the behavior of osteoprogenitor cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogels through control of the gel microstructure. Cell survivability in alginate beads was improved through the use of α-MEM as the solvent for alginic acid sodium salt, and by CaCl(2) solutions, which supplied additional nutrients for the cells compared to water or buffer. The mesh size and shear modulus of the hydrogel were hypothesized to regulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrated enhanced osteoblast differentiation when encapsulated in high-density alginate with smaller mesh size and more rigid mechanical properties, as confirmed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin secretion. However, MC3T3-E1 cells encapsulated in low-density alginate beads with a larger mesh size and more compliant mechanical properties exhibited increased proliferation. These results demonstrate that the microstructure of alginate hydrogels can regulate the behavior of osteoprogenitor cells, thus suggesting that the tuning the properties of the gel may be a useful approach for enhancing new bone formation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Addae C, Yi X, Gernapudi R, Cheng H, Musto A, Martinez-Ceballos E. All-trans-retinoid acid induces the differentiation of encapsulated mouse embryonic stem cells into GABAergic neurons. Differentiation 2012; 83:233-41. [PMID: 22466603 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into all three main germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Although a number of methods have been developed to differentiate ES cells into neuronal phenotypes such as sensory and motor neurons, the efficient generation of GABAergic interneurons from ES cells still presents an ongoing challenge. Because the main output of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons is the gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter whose controlled homeostasis is required for normal brain function, the efficient generation in culture of functional interneurons may have future implications on the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. The goal of this work was to examine the generation of GABAergic neurons from mouse ES cells by comparing an embryoid body-based methodology versus a hydrogel-based encapsulation protocol that involves the use of all-trans-retinoid acid (RA). We observed that (1) there was a 2-fold increase in neuronal differentiation in encapsulated versus non-encapsulated cells and (2) there was an increase in the specificity for interneuronal differentiation in encapsulated cells, as assessed by mRNA expression and electrophysiology approaches. Furthermore, our results indicate that most of the neurons obtained from encapsulated mouse ES cells are GABA-positive (∼87%). Thus, these results suggest that combining encapsulation of ES cells and RA treatment provide a more efficient and scalable differentiation strategy for the generation in culture of functional GABAergic interneurons. This technology may have implications for future cell replacement therapies and the treatment of CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Addae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Toxicology Program, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kandalam U, Cabel AI, Omidian H, Stelnicki EJ. Viability of human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells in G-rich and M-rich alginates. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911511434961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pharmaceutical-grade alginates on the cell viability of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord was examined and their use in tissue engineering applications was evaluated. The effects of the ratio of the copolymer building blocks (guluronic and mannuronic acids) and their interactions with divalent calcium, the purity of alginates (proteins and polyphenol content), and gelation factors (calcium concentration and sol content) were examined. The high guluronic acid content in the alginates improved the viability of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and supported cell growth significantly. It was confirmed that the sol fraction of alginate reduced cell viability. Cells in the presence of alginate beads cross-linked with 50 and 100 mM calcium chloride showed maximum viability; the protein and polyphenol content of the alginates did not affect the viability of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord, while the monomer ratio did have an obvious effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Kandalam
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anamaria I Cabel
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Eric J Stelnicki
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Serra M, Correia C, Malpique R, Brito C, Jensen J, Bjorquist P, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM. Microencapsulation technology: a powerful tool for integrating expansion and cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23212. [PMID: 21850261 PMCID: PMC3151290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-based technologies requires the production of relevant numbers of well-characterized cells and their efficient long-term storage. In this study, cells were microencapsulated in alginate to develop an integrated bioprocess for expansion and cryopreservation of pluripotent hESCs. Different three-dimensional (3D) culture strategies were evaluated and compared, specifically, microencapsulation of hESCs as: i) single cells, ii) aggregates and iii) immobilized on microcarriers. In order to establish a scalable bioprocess, hESC-microcapsules were cultured in stirred tank bioreactors. The combination of microencapsulation and microcarrier technology resulted in a highly efficient protocol for the production and storage of pluripotent hESCs. This strategy ensured high expansion ratios (an approximately twenty-fold increase in cell concentration) and high cell recovery yields (>70%) after cryopreservation. When compared with non-encapsulated cells, cell survival post-thawing demonstrated a three-fold improvement without compromising hESC characteristics. Microencapsulation also improved the culture of hESC aggregates by protecting cells from hydrodynamic shear stress, controlling aggregate size and maintaining cell pluripotency for two weeks. This work establishes that microencapsulation technology may prove a powerful tool for integrating the expansion and cryopreservation of pluripotent hESCs. The 3D culture strategy developed herein represents a significant breakthrough towards the implementation of hESCs in clinical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Malpique
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Manuel J. T. Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serra M, Correia C, Malpique R, Brito C, Jensen J, Bjorquist P, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM. Microencapsulation technology: a powerful tool for integrating expansion and cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2011. [PMID: 21850261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-based technologies requires the production of relevant numbers of well-characterized cells and their efficient long-term storage. In this study, cells were microencapsulated in alginate to develop an integrated bioprocess for expansion and cryopreservation of pluripotent hESCs. Different three-dimensional (3D) culture strategies were evaluated and compared, specifically, microencapsulation of hESCs as: i) single cells, ii) aggregates and iii) immobilized on microcarriers. In order to establish a scalable bioprocess, hESC-microcapsules were cultured in stirred tank bioreactors.The combination of microencapsulation and microcarrier technology resulted in a highly efficient protocol for the production and storage of pluripotent hESCs. This strategy ensured high expansion ratios (an approximately twenty-fold increase in cell concentration) and high cell recovery yields (>70%) after cryopreservation. When compared with non-encapsulated cells, cell survival post-thawing demonstrated a three-fold improvement without compromising hESC characteristics.Microencapsulation also improved the culture of hESC aggregates by protecting cells from hydrodynamic shear stress, controlling aggregate size and maintaining cell pluripotency for two weeks.This work establishes that microencapsulation technology may prove a powerful tool for integrating the expansion and cryopreservation of pluripotent hESCs. The 3D culture strategy developed herein represents a significant breakthrough towards the implementation of hESCs in clinical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Heiligenstein S, Cucchiarini M, Laschke MW, Bohle RM, Kohn D, Menger MD, Madry H. In VitroandIn VivoCharacterization of Nonbiomedical- and Biomedical-Grade Alginates for Articular Chondrocyte Transplantation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:829-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heiligenstein
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rainer M. Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Kohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kleinschmidt K, Klinge PM, Stopa E, Wallrapp C, Glage S, Geigle P, Brinker T. Alginate encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells suppress syngeneic glioma growth in the immunocompetent rat. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:621-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.599441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra M. Klinge
- Neurosurgery Foundation, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward Stopa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Brinker
- International Neuroscience Institute,
Hannover, Germany
- Neurosurgery Foundation, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tam SK, Dusseault J, Bilodeau S, Langlois G, Hallé JP, Yahia L. Factors influencing alginate gel biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:40-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Heiligenstein S, Cucchiarini M, Laschke MW, Bohle RM, Kohn D, Menger M, Madry H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of non-biomedical and biomedical grade alginates for articular chondrocyte transplantation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
36
|
Igarashi T, Iwasaki N, Kasahara Y, Minami A. A cellular implantation system using an injectable ultra-purified alginate gel for repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:844-55. [PMID: 20336764 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel cellular implantation system using an in situ forming ultra-purified alginate gel with quite low endotoxity. The aims of this study were to determine the superiority of chondrogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured in the purified alginate gel compared with a commercial grade gel, and to assess reparative tissues treated with BMSCs implanted using the developed system into cartilage defects in rabbit knees. The effects of each alginate gel on cellular proliferation and chondrogenesis of rabbit BMSCs were determined by in vitro assessments. Using our purified alginate gel, a novel vehicle system for injecting BMSCs into osteochondral defects without periosteal patch was successfully established in this animal models. The in vitro analyses demonstrated that the purification of alginate significantly enhanced the cellular proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The in vivo assessments suggested that the implantation of BMSCs with the developed system using the purified alginate gel histologically and mechanically improved the reparative tissue of osteochondral defects. This system using the purified alginate gel shows the clinical potential for arthroscopically injectable implantation of BMSCs for the treatment of cartilaginous lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Igarashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Malpique R, Osório LM, Ferreira DS, Ehrhart F, Brito C, Zimmermann H, Alves PM. Alginate Encapsulation as a Novel Strategy for the Cryopreservation of Neurospheres. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:965-77. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malpique
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Osório
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela S. Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut for Biomedical Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut for Biomedical Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schneider S, Feilen P, Cramer H, Hillgärtner M, Brunnenmeier F, Zimmermann H, Weber MM, Zimmermann U. Beneficial effects of human serum albumin on stability and functionality of alginate microcapsules fabricated in different ways. J Microencapsul 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040309178351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schneider
- Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechseler Krankungen, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitäts-Klinik Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Feilen
- Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechseler Krankungen, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitäts-Klinik Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Cramer
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Hillgärtner
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Brunnenmeier
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H. Zimmermann
- Arbeitsgruppe Tieftemperatur-Biophysik, Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik (IBMT), 66386, St Ingbert, Germany
| | - M. M. Weber
- Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechseler Krankungen, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitäts-Klinik Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - U. Zimmermann
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ménard M, Dusseault J, Langlois G, Baille WE, Tam SK, Yahia L, Zhu XX, Hallé JP. Role of protein contaminants in the immunogenicity of alginates. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:333-40. [PMID: 20225212 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is widely used for cell microencapsulation and transplantation. There is a lack of standardization of alginate purity and composition. In a previous study, we compared different alginate purification methods and concluded that polyphenol and endotoxin contaminants were eliminated efficiently but residual protein contaminants persisted with all of the methods under evaluation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that residual proteins play a role in the immunogenicity of certain alginate preparations. Using preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and a large scale purification protocol that was derived from the findings obtained with SEC, we substantially decreased the protein content of alginate preparations. When implanted into mouse peritoneum, barium alginate beads made of alginates that were purified using SEC or the derived large scale protocol induced significantly less pericapsular cell adhesion than those made with control alginates. In conclusions, these results suggest that removing residual protein contamination may decrease the immunogenicity of certain alginate preparations. The measurement of proteins could be used as a screening method for evaluating alginate preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ménard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cabané P, Gac P, Amat J, Pineda P, Rossi R, Caviedes R, Caviedes P. Allotransplant of microencapsulated parathyroid tissue in severe postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: a case report. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:3879-83. [PMID: 19917405 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The last therapeutic alternative in severe postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is allotransplantation of microencapsulated parathyroid cells. With this technique, it is possible to implant cells or tissue of parathyroid origin to replace them in such patients, without immusupression. We report an allotransplant of parathyroid tissue in a patient with continous endovenous requirement of calcium to survive. The microencapsulation was carried out with a commercial sodium alginate. We implant 23 microspheres in the nondominant forearm and 40 microspheres in the leg in a second attempt. In this article, we show functionality of the graft for at least 20 months without requirement of endovenous calcium. We report this procedure as a therapeutical alternative in severe hypoparathyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cabané
- Endocrine Surgery, University of Chile-Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Santos E, Zarate J, Orive G, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL. Biomaterials in Cell Microencapsulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 670:5-21. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5786-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
Malpique R, Ehrhart F, Katsen-Globa A, Zimmermann H, Alves PM. Cryopreservation of adherent cells: strategies to improve cell viability and function after thawing. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:373-86. [PMID: 19196129 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly applied cryopreservation protocols routinely used in laboratories worldwide were developed for simple cell suspensions, and their application to complex systems, such as cell monolayers, tissues, or biosynthetic constructs, is not straightforward. In particular for monolayer cultures, cell detachment and membrane damage are often observed after cryopreservation. In this work, combined strategies for the cryopreservation of cells attached to Matrigel-coated well plate's surfaces were investigated based on cell entrapment in clinicalgrade, ultra-high viscosity alginate using two cell lines, neuroblastoma N2a and colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2, with distinct structural and functional characteristics. As the cryopreservation medium, serum-free CryoStor solution was compared with serum-supplemented culture medium, both containing 10% DMSO. Using culture medium, entrapment beneath an alginate layer was needed to improve cell recovery by minimizing membrane damage and cell detachment after thawing; nevertheless, up to 50% cell death still occurred within 24 h after thawing. The use of CryoStor solution represented a considerable improvement of the cryopreservation process for both cell lines, allowing the maintenance of high postthaw membrane integrity as well as full recovery of metabolic activity and differentiation capacity within 24 h postthawing; in this case, entrapment beneath an alginate layer did not confer further protection to cryopreserved Caco-2 cells, but was crucial for maintenance of attachment and integrity of N2a neuronal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malpique
- Animal Cell Technology, IBET/ITQB-UNL, 27801-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Storz H, Müller KJ, Ehrhart F, Gómez I, Shirley SG, Gessner P, Zimmermann G, Weyand E, Sukhorukov VL, Forst T, Weber MM, Zimmermann H, Kulicke WM, Zimmermann U. Physicochemical features of ultra-high viscosity alginates. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:985-95. [PMID: 19394590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of the ultra-high viscosity and highly biocompatible alginates extracted from Lessonia nigrescens (UHV(N)) and Lessonia trabeculata (UHV(T)) were analyzed. Fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopies, viscometry, and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) were used for elucidation of the chemical structure, molar mass, and coil size. The sequential structures from NMR spectroscopy showed high guluronate content for UHV(T), but low for UHV(N). Intrinsic viscosity [eta] measurements exhibited unusual high values (up to 2750 mL/g), whereas [eta] of a commercial alginate was only about 970 mL/g. MALS batch measurements of the UHV-alginates yielded ultra-high values of the weight average molar mass (M(w) up to 1.1x10(6) g/mol) and of the z-average gyration radius (R(G)(z) up to 191 nm). The M(w) and R(G)(z) distributions of UHV-alginates and of ultrasonically degraded fractions were determined using size exclusion chromatography combined with MALS and asymmetrical flow-field-flow fractionation. The M(w) dependency of [eta] and R(G)(z) could be described by [eta]=0.059xM(w)(0.78) and R(G)(z)=0.103xM(w)(x). (UHV(N): x=0.52; UHV(T): x=0.53) indicating that the monomer composition has no effect on coil expansion. Therefore, the equations can be used to calculate M(w) and R(G)(z) values of UHV(T)- and UHV(N)-alginate mixtures as used in immunoisolation. Furthermore, the simple and inexpensive capillary viscometry can be used for real-time validation of the extraction and purification process of the UHV-alginates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Storz
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abbah SA, Lu WW, Peng SL, Aladin DMK, Li ZY, Tam WK, Cheung KMC, Luk KDK, Zhou GQ. Extracellular matrix stability of primary mammalian chondrocytes and intervertebral disc cells cultured in alginate-based microbead hydrogels. Cell Transplant 2009; 17:1181-92. [PMID: 19181212 DOI: 10.3727/096368908787236648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional alginate constructs are widely used as carrier systems for transplantable cells. In the present study, we evaluated the chondrogenic matrix stability of primary rat chondrocytes and intervertebral disc (IVD) cells cultured in three different alginate-based microbead matrices to determine the influence of microenvironment on the cellular and metabolic behaviors of chondrogenic cells confined in alginate microbeads. Cells entrapped in calcium, strontium, or barium ion gelled microbeads were monitored with the live/dead dual fluorescent cell viability assay kit and the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) assay designed to evaluate sulfated glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) production. Expression of chondrogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis was further evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR of sox9, type II collagen, and aggrecan mRNAs. Results indicate that Ca and Sr alginate maintained significantly higher population of living cells compared to Ba alginate (p < 0.05). Production of s-GAG was similarly higher in Ca and Sr alginate microbead cultures compared to Ba alginate microbeads. Although there was no significant difference between strontium and calcium up to day 14 of culture, Sr alginate showed remarkably improved cellular and metabolic activities on long-term cultures, with chondrocytes expressing as much as 31% and 44% greater s-GAG compared to calcium and barium constructs, respectively, while IVD cells expressed 63% and 74% greater s-GAG compared to calcium and barium constructs, respectively, on day 28. These findings indicate that Sr alginate represent a significant improvement over Ca- and Ba alginate microbeads for the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype of primary chondrocytes and IVD cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Abbah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zimmermann D, Westhoff M, Zimmermann G, Gessner P, Gessner A, Wegner LH, Rokitta M, Ache P, Schneider H, Vásquez JA, Kruck W, Shirley S, Jakob P, Hedrich R, Bentrup FW, Bamberg E, Zimmermann U. Foliar water supply of tall trees: evidence for mucilage-facilitated moisture uptake from the atmosphere and the impact on pressure bomb measurements. PROTOPLASMA 2008; 232:11-34. [PMID: 18176835 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-007-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The water supply to leaves of 25 to 60 m tall trees (including high-salinity-tolerant ones) was studied. The filling status of the xylem vessels was determined by xylem sap extraction (using jet-discharge, gravity-discharge, and centrifugation) and by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of wood pieces. Simultaneously, pressure bomb experiments were performed along the entire trunk of the trees up to a height of 57 m. Clear-cut evidence was found that the balancing pressure (P(b)) values of leafy twigs were dictated by the ambient relative humidity rather than by height. Refilling of xylem vessels of apical leaves (branches) obviously mainly occurred via moisture uptake from the atmosphere. These findings could be traced back to the hydration and rehydration of mucilage layers on the leaf surfaces and/or of epistomatal mucilage plugs. Xylem vessels also contained mucilage. Mucilage formation was apparently enforced by water stress. The observed mucilage-based foliar water uptake and humidity dependency of the P(b) values are at variance with the cohesion-tension theory and with the hypothesis that P(b) measurements yield information about the relationships between xylem pressure gradients and height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Zimmermann
- Abteilung für Biophysikalische Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Davda S, Bezabeh T. Advances in methods for assessing tumor hypoxia in vivo: implications for treatment planning. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2007; 25:469-80. [PMID: 17029029 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-006-9009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia and its downstream effects have remained of considerable interest for decades due to its negative impact on response to various cancer therapies and promotion of metastasis. Diagnosing hypoxia non-invasively can provide a significant advancement in cancer treatment and is the dire necessity for implementing specific targeted therapies now emerging to treat different aspects of cancer. A variety of techniques are being proposed to do so. However, none of them has yet been established in the clinical arena. This review summarizes the methods currently available to assess tumor hypoxia in vivo and their respective advantages and shortcomings. It also points out the impedances that need to be overcome to establish any particular method in the clinic, along with a broad overview of requirements for further advancement in this sphere of cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Davda
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 1Y6
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de Vos P, Faas MM, Strand B, Calafiore R. Alginate-based microcapsules for immunoisolation of pancreatic islets. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5603-17. [PMID: 16879864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of microencapsulated cells is proposed as a therapy for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases since it allows for transplantation of endocrine cells in the absence of undesired immunosuppression. The technology is based on the principle that foreign cells are protected from the host immune system by an artificial membrane. In spite of the simplicity of the concept, progress in the field of immunoisolation has been hampered for many years due to biocompatibility issues. During the last years important advances have been made in the knowledge of the characteristics and requirements capsules have to meet in order to provide optimal biocompatibility and survival of the enveloped tissue. Novel insight shows that not only the capsules material but also the enveloped cells should be hold responsible for loss of a significant portion of the immunoisolated cells and, thus, failure of the grafts on the long term. Microcapsules without cells can be produced as such that they remain free of any significant foreign body response for prolonged periods of time in both experimental animals and humans. New approaches in which newly discovered inflammatory responses are silenced bring the technology of transplantation of immunoisolated cells close to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Biology, University Hospital of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Orive G, Tam SK, Pedraz JL, Hallé JP. Biocompatibility of alginate–poly-l-lysine microcapsules for cell therapy☆. Biomaterials 2006; 27:3691-700. [PMID: 16574222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation holds promise for the treatment of many diseases by the continuous delivery of therapeutic products. The biocompatibility of the microcapsules and their biomaterials components is a critical issue for the long-term efficacy of this technology. The objective of this paper is to provide detailed information about the principal factors affecting the biocompatibility of alginates and alginate-poly-l-lysine microcapsules, which are the most frequently employed biomaterials and encapsulation devices for cell immobilization, respectively. Some of these factors include the alginate composition and purification, the selection of the polycation, the interactions between the alginates and the polycation, the microcapsule fabrication process, the uniformity of the devices and the implantation procedure. Improved knowledge will lead to the production of standardized transplantation-grade biomaterials and biocompatible microcapsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dusseault J, Tam SK, Ménard M, Polizu S, Jourdan G, Yahia L, Hallé JP. Evaluation of alginate purification methods: effect on polyphenol, endotoxin, and protein contamination. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 76:243-51. [PMID: 16265647 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, is widely used for the microencapsulation of islets of Langerhans, allowing their transplantation without immunosuppression. This natural polymer is known to be largely contaminated. The implantation of islets encapsulated using unpurified alginate leads to the development of fibrotic cell overgrowth around the microcapsules and normalization of the blood glucose is restricted to a very short period if it is achieved at all. Several research groups have developed their own purification method and obtained relatively good results. No comparative evaluation of the efficiencies of these methods has been published. We conducted an evaluative study of five different alginate preparations: a pharmaceutical-grade alginate in its raw state, the same alginate after purification according to three different published methods, and a commercially available purified alginate. The results showed that all purification methods reduced the amounts of known contaminants, that is, polyphenols, endotoxins, and proteins, although with varying efficiencies. Increased viscosity of alginate solutions was observed after purification of the alginates. Despite a general efficiency in decreasing contamination levels, all of the purified alginates contained relatively high residual amounts of protein contaminants. Because proteins may be immunogenic, these residual proteins may have a role in persisting microcapsule immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dusseault
- Centre de recherche Guy-Bernier, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
This article reviews bioengineered strategies for spinal cord repair using tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is multifactorial and multiphasic, and therefore, it is likely that effective treatments will require combinations of strategies such as neuroprotection to counteract secondary injury, provision of scaffolds to replace lost tissue, and methods to enhance axonal regrowth, synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of astrocytosis. Biomaterials have major advantages for spinal cord repair because of their structural and chemical versatility. To date, various degradable or non-degradable biomaterial polymers have been tested as guidance channels or delivery systems for cellular and non-cellular neuroprotective or neuroregenerative agents in experimental SCI. There is promise that bioengineering technology utilizing cellular treatment strategies, including Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing glia, or neural stem cells, can promote repair of the injured spinal cord. This review is divided into three parts: (1) degradable and non-degradable biomaterials; (2) device design; and (3) combination strategies with scaffolds. We will show that bioengineering combinations of cellular and non-cellular strategies have enhanced the potential for experimental SCI repair, although further pre-clinical work is required before this technology can be translated to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomura
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|