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Chen L, Huang J, Yao ZM, Sun XR, Tong XH, Hu M, Zhang Y, Dong SY. Procyanidins Alleviated Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083582. [PMID: 37110816 PMCID: PMC10143264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins (PCs), which are organic antioxidants, suppress oxidative stress, exhibit anti-apoptotic properties, and chelate metal ions. The potential defense mechanism of PCs against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) was investigated in this study. Pre-administration for 7 days of a PC enhanced nerve function and decreased cerebellar infarct volume in a mouse middle cerebral artery embolization paradigm. In addition, mitochondrial ferroptosis was enhanced, exhibited by mitochondrial shrinkage and roundness, increased membrane density, and reduced or absent ridges. The level of Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation that cause ferroptosis was significantly reduced by PC administration. According to the Western blot findings, PCs altered the expression of proteins associated with ferroptosis, promoting the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 while reducing the expression of TFR1, hence inhibiting ferroptosis. Moreover, the treatment of PCs markedly elevated the expression of HO-1 and Nuclear-Nrf2. The PCs' ability to prevent ferroptosis due to CIRI was decreased by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Our findings showed that the protective effect of PCs may be achieved via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis. This study provides a new perspective on the treatment of CIRI with PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu 233030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123051. [PMID: 36551806 PMCID: PMC9776363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs and fish protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss and waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well as for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, the use of natural antioxidants is among the main efforts made to relieve the pressure on natural resources and to move towards more sustainable food and pharmaceutical systems. Alternative food waste management approaches include the valorization of by-products as a source of phenolic compounds for functional food formulations. In this review, we will deal with the chemistry of antioxidants, including their molecular structures and reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects will also be reviewed, including the effects of acidity and temperature on their partitioning in binary and multiphasic systems. The poor bioavailability of antioxidants remains a huge constraint for clinical applications, and we will briefly describe some delivery systems that provide for enhanced pharmacological action of antioxidants via drug targeting and increased bioavailability. The pharmacological activity of antioxidants can be improved by designing nanotechnology-based formulations, and recent nanoformulations include nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, all showing promising outcomes in improving the efficiency and bioavailability of antioxidants. Finally, an overview of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants will be incorporated.
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Dai XJ, Tan L, Ren L, Shao Y, Tao W, Wang Y. COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages. Front Nutr 2022; 8:772700. [PMID: 35047542 PMCID: PMC8761797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality. Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model. Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1-2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality. Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-jian Dai
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqun Tao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Deng ZH, Zhang A, Yang ZW, Zhong YL, Mu J, Wang F, Liu YX, Zhang JJ, Fang YL. A Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements Present in Chinese Wine. Molecules 2019; 24:E248. [PMID: 30641873 PMCID: PMC6359022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of trace elements in wines and health risk assessment via wine consumption were investigated in 315 wines. Samples were collected from eight major wine-producing regions in China. The concentrations of twelve trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Duncan's multiple range test was applied to analyze significant variations (p < 0.05) of trace elements in different regions. Based on a 60 kg adult drinker consuming 200 mL of wine per day, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of each element from wines was far below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). Health risk assessment indicated the ingestion influence of individual elements and combined elements through this Chinese wine daily intake did not constitute a health hazard to people. However, Cr and Mn were the potential contaminants of higher health risk in Chinese wines. The cumulative impact of wine consumption on trace elements intake in the daily diet of drinkers should not be ignored due to the presence of other intake pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Deng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Ang Zhang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Yang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhong
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Jian Mu
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Ya-Xin Liu
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Jin-Jie Zhang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Yu-Lin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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de Oliveira NKS, Almeida MRS, Pontes FMM, Barcelos MP, de Paula da Silva CHT, Rosa JMC, Cruz RAS, da Silva Hage-Melim LI. Antioxidant Effect of Flavonoids Present in Euterpe oleracea Martius and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Literature Review. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:75-99. [PMID: 31057125 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190502105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are progressive, directly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), the most common and recurrent are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). One factor frequently mentioned in the etiology of NDDs is the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, producing cellular damages. Studies have shown that the consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, especially those of the flavonoid class, has been related to the low risk in the development of several diseases. Due to the antioxidant properties present in the food, a fruit that has been gaining prominence among these foods is the Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), because it presents in its composition significant amounts of a subclass of the flavonoids, the anthocyanins. METHODS In the case review, the authors receive a basic background on the most common NDDs, oxidative stress and antioxidants. In addition, revisiting the various studies related to NDDs, including flavonoids and consumption of açaí. RESULTS Detailed analysis of the recently reported case studies reveal that dietary consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, such as açaí fruits, suggests the efficacy to attenuate neurodegeneration and prevent or reverse the age-dependent deterioration of cognitive function. CONCLUSION This systematic review points out that flavonoids presenting in açaí have the potential for the treatment of diseases such as PD and AD and are candidates for drugs in future clinical research. However, there is a need for in vitro and in vivo studies with polyphenol that prove and ratify the therapeutic potential of this fruit for several NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Rafael Silva Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (PharMedChem), Federal University of Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Franco Márcio Maciel Pontes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (PharMedChem), Federal University of Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquín María Campos Rosa
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain, Instituto de Investigación, Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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6
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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Grape Juices: A Chemical and Sensory View. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Bragança de Moraes CM, Melo DADS, Santos RCV, Bitencourt S, Mesquita FC, Santos de Oliveira FD, Rodrıguez-Carballo E, Bartrons R, Rosa JL, Ventura FP, Rodrigues de Oliveira J. Antiproliferative effect of catechin in GRX cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:575-84. [DOI: 10.1139/o2012-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic compounds present in cocoa seeds have been studied regarding health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Fibrosis is a wound healing response that occurs in almost all patients with chronic liver injury. A large number of cytokines and soluble intercellular mediators are related to changes in the behavior and phenotype of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) that develop a fibrogenic and contractile phenotype leading to the development of fibrosis. The objective of this study was to assess the catechin effect in GRX liver cells in activities such as cell growth and inflammation. The GRX cells treatment with catechin induced a significant decrease in cell growth. This mechanism does not occur by apoptosis or even by autophagy because there were no alterations in expression of caspase 3 and PARP (apoptosis), and LC3 (autophagy). The expression of p27 and p53 proteins, regulators of the cell cycle, showed increased expression, while COX-2 and IL-6 mRNA showed a significant decrease in expression. This study shows that catechin decreases cell growth in GRX cells and, probably, this decrease does not occur by apoptosis or autophagy but through an anti-inflammatory effect and cell cycle arrest. Catechin also significantly decreased the production of TGF-β by GRX cells, showing a significant antifibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Machado Bragança de Moraes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denizar Alberto da Silva Melo
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Mesquita
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Edgardo Rodrıguez-Carballo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Pujol Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 12, CEP: 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Research Center, Ramiro Barcelos 2.350 CEP 90035-90 Porto Alegre / RS
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Shanmuganayagam D, Beahm MR, Kuhns MA, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Folts JD. Differential effects of grape ( Vitis vinifera ) skin polyphenolics on human platelet aggregation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5787-5794. [PMID: 22224546 DOI: 10.1021/jf203487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant and antiplatelet properties of grape products are thought to be responsible for observed antiatherosclerotic effects. Diverse classes of phenolics are derived from the seed and skin (GSK) of grapes. The relative contributions of the classes of phenolics to observed properties of grape products are unknown. In this paper, GSK fractions were used to examine effects on platelet aggregation, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro, and relative binding of phenolics to LDL. GSK was separated into six fractions (fractions 1-6), and primary phenolics were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fractions 4, 5, and 6, enriched in polygalloyl polyflavan-3-ols (PGPFs) with 3-6, 4-8, and 6-15 degrees of polymerization, respectively, inhibited platelet aggregation. Fractions 1-3, containing various amounts of oligosaccharides, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, flavanols, and low molecular weight PGPFs, significantly increased platelet aggregation. Fractions 4-6 were most effective in binding LDL and inhibiting LDL oxidation. Fractions 5 and 6 exhibited the greatest inhibition of platelet aggregation and LDL oxidation, suggesting that polymeric PGPFs are responsible for the beneficial effects of grape products. Conversely, phenolics in fractions 1-3 may reduce the net biological potency of the grape products and have undesirable effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
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Postprandial metabolic events and fruit-derived phenolics: a review of the science. Br J Nutr 2010; 104 Suppl 3:S1-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Tichonov I, Roginsky V, Pliss E. Natural polyphenols as chain-breaking antioxidants during methyl linoleate peroxidation. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Guerrero RF, García-Parrilla MC, Puertas B, Cantos-Villar E. Wine, Resveratrol and Health: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have cited the Mediterranean diet as an example of healthy eating. In fact, the Mediterranean diet has become the reference diet for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Red wine seems to be an essential component of the diet, since moderate consumption of wine is associated with lower risk and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Evidence is also accumulating that wine helps prevent the development of certain cancers. Of all the many components of wine, resveratrol, which is a natural component specifically present in wine, has been identified as being mainly responsible for these health-promoting properties. Many valuable properties such as cardioprotective and anticarcinogenic activity have been attributed to resveratrol; however, its bioavailability is quite low. The bioactivity of metabolites derived from resveratrol, and the accumulation of resveratrol in vital organs are still under study, but there are high expectations of positive results. Other stilbene compounds are also considered in this review, despite being present in undetectable or very small quantities in wine. The present paper reviews all aspects of the health properties of wine, bioactive compounds found in wine, and their concentrations, bioavailability and possible synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl F. Guerrero
- IFAPA, Rancho de la Merced, Apto. 589, Crta. Trebujena, Km 3.2, 11.471 Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Maria C. García-Parrilla
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, c/P García Glez n° 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- IFAPA, Rancho de la Merced, Apto. 589, Crta. Trebujena, Km 3.2, 11.471 Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- IFAPA, Rancho de la Merced, Apto. 589, Crta. Trebujena, Km 3.2, 11.471 Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain
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12
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Functionality of Anthocyanins as Alternative Medicine. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2008_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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de Bem AF, Farina M, Portella RDL, Nogueira CW, Dinis TCP, Laranjinha JAN, Almeida LM, Rocha JBT. Diphenyl diselenide, a simple glutathione peroxidase mimetic, inhibits human LDL oxidation in vitro. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201:92-100. [PMID: 18440006 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) represents an important factor in atherogenesis. In the present study, we have investigated the antioxidant capability of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2), a simple organoseleno compound, against copper (Cu2+) and peroxyl radical-induced human LDL oxidation in vitro. In initial studies using human serum, (PhSe)(2) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of Cu(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation, which was correlated to thiol consumption. (PhSe)(2) increased lipid peroxidation lag phase and decreased lipid peroxidation rate in isolated human LDL, evaluated by measuring both conjugated diene (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Consistent with these observations, (PhSe)(2) showed a marked inhibitory effect on 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced oxidation of LDL or parinaric acid (PnA) incorporated into LDL. (PhSe)(2) also displayed a dose-dependent protective effect against Cu(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat aortic slices. Interestingly, besides the antioxidant effects of (PhSe)(2) toward the lipid moieties of LDL, which was related to its thiol-peroxidase activity, protein moieties from human isolated LDL were also protected against Cu(2+)-induced oxidation. The results presented herein are the first to show that (i) (PhSe)(2) inhibits lipid peroxidation in human isolated LDL in vitro, (ii) this phenomenon is related to its thiol-peroxidase activity, and (iii) this chalcogen also prevents the oxidation of protein moieties of human LDL. Taken together, such data render (PhSe)(2) a promising molecule for pharmacological studies with respect to the atherogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil.
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14
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Rossi MA, Prado CM. Cardiovascular risk factors: can long-term alcohol withdrawal benefit heavy drinkers? J Hypertens 2007; 25:285-8. [PMID: 17211233 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32801254a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Girotti S, Fini F, Bolelli L, Savini L, Sartini E, Arfelli G. Chemiluminescent determination of total antioxidant capacity during winemaking. LUMINESCENCE 2006; 21:233-8. [PMID: 16791820 DOI: 10.1002/bio.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of five different wines (four red and one white) was determined in five different steps of winemaking carried out in a commercial wine cellar by a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. The CL method is suitable to determine the antioxidant capacity of beverages, and preliminary trials showed that the TAC immediately after the bottle was opened was greater than the day after (about 25% decrease). Immediate analysis or a correct sample storage is therefore necessary. The wines were characterized by different levels of total phenolics and TAC: these differences were related to grape composition and winemaking technologies. The TAC values were the highest immediately after devatting. The TAC suffered the highest decrease (30-50%) after the clarification procedure, which may be due to the fining agents used and to oxygen contact, then remained more or less constant in the subsequent steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Girotti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Bologna, via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Vulcain E, Goupy P, Caris-Veyrat C, Dangles O. Inhibition of the metmyoglobin-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid by dietary antioxidants: Action in the aqueous vs. lipid phase. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:547-63. [PMID: 16036331 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500073865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The gastric digestion of food containing oxidizable lipids and iron catalysts for peroxide decomposition such as (met)myoglobin from muscle meat can be accompanied by an extensive formation of potentially toxic lipid hydroperoxides. An early protective action by dietary antioxidants in the gastro-intestinal tract is plausible, especially for poorly bioavailable antioxidants such as polyphenols. Hence, the ability of antioxidants to inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by dietary iron in mildly acidic emulsions is a valuable and general model. In this work, the ability of some ubiquitous dietary antioxidants representative of the main antioxidant classes (alpha-tocopherol, the flavonol quercetin, beta-carotene) to inhibit the metmyoglobin-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid is investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and HPLC in mildly acidic emulsions. The phenolic antioxidants quercetin and alpha-tocopherol come up as the most efficient peroxidation inhibitors. Inhibition by quercetin essentially proceeds in the aqueous phase via a fast reduction of an unidentified activated iron species (with a partially degraded heme) produced by reaction of metmyoglobin with the lipid hydroperoxides. This reaction is faster by, at least, a factor 40 than the reduction of ferrylmyoglobin (independently prepared by reacting metmyoglobin with hydrogen peroxide) by quercetin. By contrast, alpha-tocopherol mainly acts in the lipid phase by reducing the propagating lipid peroxyl radicals. The poorer inhibition afforded by beta-carotene may be related to both its slower reaction with the lipid peroxyl radicals and its competitive degradation by autoxidation and/or photo-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Vulcain
- UMR A 408 INRA-University of Avignon, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, Site Agroparc, Domaine St-Paul, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
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Kim DH, Kim JH, Baek SH, Seo JH, Kho YH, Oh TK, Lee CH. Enhancement of tyrosinase inhibition of the extract of Veratrum patulum using cellulase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 87:849-54. [PMID: 15334411 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis were screened by using three different methods. The extract of Veratrum patulum contains hydroxystilbene compounds that are potent tyrosinase inhibitors. We evaluated the enzyme inhibitory property on the mushroom tyrosinase of hydroxystilbene compounds including resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and their analogs. Biotransformation using cellulase of the whole extract brought about an increase in the inhibitory activity of the products on mushroom tyrosinase. The enhancement of tyrosinase inhibition is supposed to increase the concentration of aglycon, which has superior inhibitory activity to its glycoside. Eventually, melanin biosynthesis was inhibited by the enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extract. This result indicated that deglycosylation of stilbene compounds has exerted more effective inhibition on the enzyme than that of the unprocessed plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-333
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Mitjans M, Martínez V, del Campo J, Abajo C, Lozano C, Torres JL, Vinardell MP. Novel epicatechin derivatives with antioxidant activity modulate interleukin-1β release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5031-4. [PMID: 15380193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We examine the potential antioxidant activity and the immune function of new epicatechin conjugates obtained by depolymerization of grape polymeric flavanols in the presence of cysteamine or cysteine. When incubated with an erythrocyte suspension, flavanols protected the erythrocyte membrane from hemolysis induced by 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH), an azo free radical initiator. The inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent and the IC50 was 119.8 microM for epicatechin, and 74.9 and 89.4 microM for the cysteine and cysteamine derivatives, respectively. These compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity and their capacity to modulate interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), which is currently considered to be the major cytokine factor influencing the acute phase of the inflammatory response. At concentrations up to 20 microM, epicatechin and its derivatives inhibited the production of IL-1beta in whole blood incubated in the presence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in a concentration-dependent manner. The most active compound was the cysteamine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Mitjans
- Dept. Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Auger C, Al-Awwadi N, Bornet A, Rouanet JM, Gasc F, Cros G, Teissedre PL. Catechins and procyanidins in Mediterranean diets. Food Res Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Regev-Shoshani G, Shoseyov O, Bilkis I, Kerem Z. Glycosylation of resveratrol protects it from enzymic oxidation. Biochem J 2003; 374:157-63. [PMID: 12697026 PMCID: PMC1223563 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Revised: 04/14/2003] [Accepted: 04/16/2003] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, including dietary polyphenols such as resveratrol, are important components in the plant antioxidant and defence systems. They are also known to exert beneficial effects on human health through diet. As they are produced, these polyphenols may be subjected to deleterious enzymic oxidation by the plant polyphenol oxidases. They are generally synthesized as glycosides like 5,4'-dihydroxystilbene-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, the 3-glucoside of resveratrol. The effects of the glycosylation and methylation of the parent resveratrol on its enzymic oxidation were studied. Methyl and glucosyl derivatives were synthesized using simple one-step methodologies. The kinetics of their enzymic oxidation by tyrosinases were defined. Substitution at the p-hydroxy group, by either glucose or methyl, abolished enzymic oxidation by both mushroom and grape tyrosinases. Substitution at the m-hydroxy group with methyl had a small effect, but substitution with glucose resulted in a much lower affinity of the enzymes for the glycoside. We suggest that glycosylation of polyphenols in nature helps to protect these vital molecules from enzymic oxidation, extending their half-life in the cell and maintaining their beneficial antioxidant capacity and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilly Regev-Shoshani
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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