1
|
Jia F, Kang Y, Wang Z. Case report: A 53-year-old woman with synchronous WHO classification II and IV gliomas. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1308497. [PMID: 38919539 PMCID: PMC11196406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1308497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with a relatively poor prognosis. Case presentation Here, we present a unique case of a 53-year-old woman with two histopathologically distinct gliomas at the initial diagnosis. She presented with headaches and left limb weakness before admission, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed right frontal and basal ganglia area involvement combined with hemorrhage. The patient underwent a navigation-guided craniotomy for tumor removal. Pathological examination revealed the right frontal lobe lesion as a WHO grade II IDH-NOS astrocytoma, but the right parietal lobe lesion was a WHO grade IV IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma. Molecular detection of the parietal lesion revealed a point mutation at the R132 locus of the IDH1 gene, no mutation in the TERT promoter, amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and a non-homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion. Discussion In-depth epigenomic analysis and molecular examination revealed that one patient had two different brain tumors, underscoring the importance of performing a comprehensive brain tumor workup. Conclusion This unique case confirms that adjacent astrocytomas may have different molecular pathogenesis and provides novel insights into the development of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilcock DM, Goold E, Zuromski LM, Davidson C, Mao Q, Sirohi D. EGFR/CEP7 high polysomy is separate and distinct from EGFR amplification in glioblastoma as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:338-344. [PMID: 38605523 PMCID: PMC11029461 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
EGFR amplification in gliomas is commonly defined by an EGFR/CEP7 ratio of ≥2. In testing performed at a major reference laboratory, a small subset of patients had ≥5 copies of both EGFR and CEP7 yet were not amplified by the EGFR/CEP7 ratio and were designated high polysomy cases. To determine whether these tumors are more closely related to traditionally defined EGFR-amplified or nonamplified gliomas, a retrospective search identified 22 out of 1143 (1.9%) gliomas with an average of ≥5 copies/cell of EGFR and CEP7 with an EGFR/CEP7 ratio of <2 displaying high polysomy. Of these cases, 4 had insufficient clinicopathologic data to include in additional analysis, 15 were glioblastomas, 2 were IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and 1 was a high-grade glial neoplasm, NOS. Next-generation sequencing available on 3 cases demonstrated one with a TERT promoter mutation, TP53 mutations in all cases, and no EGFR mutations or amplifications, which most closely matched the nonamplified cases. The median overall survival times were 42.86, 66.07, and 41.14 weeks for amplified, highly polysomic, and nonamplified, respectively, and were not significantly different (p = 0.3410). High chromosome 7 polysomic gliomas are rare but our data suggest that they may be biologically similar to nonamplified gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Wilcock
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric Goold
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lauren M Zuromski
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christian Davidson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deepika Sirohi
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh D, Pryor B, Jiang N. Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:1-47. [PMID: 38782497 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Brett Pryor
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoon BH, Park JS, Kang S, Kwon NJ, Lee KS, Kim CY, Choe G. IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma: a case report. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1233-1236. [PMID: 33095064 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1837733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary glioblastoma develops de novo without clinical or histological evidence of a low-grade precursor lesion, whereas secondary glioblastoma develops from a low-grade glioma. The present report describes an extraordinary case of IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma. A 31-year-old female had a surgical history of IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma on the left frontal lobe six years before. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed new infiltrative lesions in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the previous lesion. The patient underwent tumourectomy, and the new infiltrative lesion was diagnosed as glioblastoma. Interestingly, the IDH-1 (p.Arg132His) mutation was found in diffuse astrocytoma but not in glioblastoma based on next generation sequencing. ATRX (p.Gln1670Ter) and TP53 (p.His193Arg) mutations were found in both lesions. Additionally, the PTEN (p.His296Pro) mutation was identified only in glioblastoma. A well-accepted hypothesis is that the IDH mutation initiates in glial progenitor cells and causes secondary glioblastoma harboring the IDH mutation to develop from low grade glioma with IDH mutation. However, this case showed that the other genetic mutations can be initiated before the IDH mutation in glioma oncogenesis. Contrary to the previous hypothesis, this is the first case of IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byul-Hee Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Sang Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sewoori Hospital Joint & Spine Center, Serogu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yolcu A, Akar E, Aker FV, Emon ST. Retrospective Evaluation of Cases Undergoing Stereotaxic Brain Biopsy. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:602-608. [PMID: 38152506 PMCID: PMC10749858 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic, radiological and histopathological findings, tumoral biomarkers, and survival rates of patients who underwent a stereotactic brain biopsy and those diagnosed with glioblastoma, metastasis, and lymphoma, and the changes in the diagnosis distribution over the years. Materials and Methods: The patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy in our clinic between 2012 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Metastasis, glioblastoma, and lymphoma cases were evaluated as three main groups and the others were excluded. P53 gene expression, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, and Ki-67 values in glioblastoma cases and Bcl-2, Bcl-6 proteins, and Ki-67 values in lymphomas and their relationship with survival were evaluated. Results: High p53 expression was observed in 27.5% cases diagnosed with glioblastoma. IDH mutation was negative in all glioblastoma cases. Presence of Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 proteins was not associated with survival in lymphomas. Survival rate was significantly higher in cases diagnosed with lymphoma (26.9%) compared to those diagnosed with glioblastoma. A statistically significant increase was determined in patients diagnosed with lymphoma considering the distribution of diseases and incidence and in the distribution of other diagnoses over the years ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: As per the distribution of the disease in recent times, it has been observed that there is an increase in lymphoma cases. Histopathology and biomarkers have great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral lesions. We think that our findings will be supported by studies in which larger patient population and detailed biomarkers will be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Yolcu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Akar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fügen Vardar Aker
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Selin Tural Emon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uram Ł, Wróbel K, Walczak M, Szymaszek Ż, Twardowska M, Wołowiec S. Exploring the Potential of Lapatinib, Fulvestrant, and Paclitaxel Conjugated with Glycidylated PAMAM G4 Dendrimers for Cancer and Parasite Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:6334. [PMID: 37687164 PMCID: PMC10489794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant (F), lapatinib (L), and paclitaxel (P) are hydrophobic, anticancer drugs used in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive breast cancer. In this study, glycidylated PAMAM G4 dendrimers, substituted with F, L, and/or P and targeting tumor cells, were synthesized and characterized, and their antitumor activity against glioma U-118 MG and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells was tested comparatively with human non-tumorogenic keratinocytes (HaCaT). All cell lines were ER+ and EGFR+. In addition, the described drugs were tested in the context of antinematode therapy on C. elegans. The results show that the water-soluble conjugates of G4P, G4F, G4L, and G4PFL actively entered the tested cells via endocytosis due to the positive zeta potential (between 13.57-40.29 mV) and the nanoparticle diameter of 99-138 nm. The conjugates of G4P and G4PFL at nanomolar concentrations were the most active, and the least active conjugate was G4F. The tested conjugates inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT and A549 cells; in glioma cells, cytotoxicity was associated mainly with cell damage (mitochondria and membrane transport). The toxicity of the conjugates was proportional to the number of drug residues attached, with the exception of G4L; its action was two- and eight-fold stronger against glioma and keratinocytes, respectively, than the equivalent of lapatinib alone. Unfortunately, non-cancer HaCaT cells were the most sensitive to the tested constructs, which forced a change in the approach to the use of ER and EGFR receptors as a goal in cancer therapy. In vivo studies on C. elegans have shown that all compounds, most notably G4PFL, may be potentially useful in anthelmintic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańcow Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.U.); (M.W.); (Ż.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Konrad Wróbel
- Medical College, Rzeszów University, 1a Warzywna Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańcow Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.U.); (M.W.); (Ż.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Żaneta Szymaszek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańcow Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.U.); (M.W.); (Ż.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Magdalena Twardowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańcow Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.U.); (M.W.); (Ż.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Stanisław Wołowiec
- Medical College, Rzeszów University, 1a Warzywna Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mekala JR, Adusumilli K, Chamarthy S, Angirekula HSR. Novel sights on therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostics aspects of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1801-1829. [PMID: 37249862 PMCID: PMC10227410 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the primary brain tumor and accounts for 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival period of GBM patients is only 12-15 months. Therefore, novel treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence reveals that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were involved in regulating gene expression, the pathophysiology of GBM, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The combinatory use of ncRNAs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and tumor suppressor gene expression induction might provide an innovative, alternative therapeutic approach for managing GBM. Studies have highlighted the role of Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in prognosis and diagnosis. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is observed in virtually all tumor types, including GBMs. Studies have also indicated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a crucial factor that hinders chemotherapy. Although several nanoparticle-mediated drug deliveries were degrading effectively against GBM in vitro conditions. However, the potential to cross the BBB and optimum delivery of oligonucleotide RNA into GBM cells in the brain is currently under intense clinical trials. Despite several advances in molecular pathogenesis, GBM remains resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Targeted therapies have less clinical benefit due to high genetic heterogeneity and activation of alternative pathways. Thus, identifying GBM-specific prognostic pathways, essential genes, and genomic aberrations provide several potential benefits as subtypes of GBM. Also, these approaches will provide insights into new strategies to overcome the heterogenous nature of GBM, which will eventually lead to successful therapeutic interventions toward precision medicine and precision oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Kowsalya Adusumilli
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Sai Ram Angirekula
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eatmann AI, Hamouda E, Hamouda H, Farouk HK, Jobran AWM, Omar AA, Madeeh AK, Al-Dardery NM, Elnoamany S, Abd-Elnasser EG, Koraiem AM, Ahmed AA, Abouzid M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Potential Use of Thalidomide in Glioblastoma Treatment: An Updated Brief Overview. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040543. [PMID: 37110201 PMCID: PMC10146416 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thalidomide is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor that demonstrates antiangiogenic activity, and may provide additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects when co-administered with other antiangiogenic medications. This study is a comprehensive review that highlights the potential benefits of using thalidomide, in combination with other medications, to treat glioblastoma and its associated inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the review examines the mechanism of action of thalidomide in different types of tumors, which may be beneficial in treating glioblastoma. To our knowledge, a similar study has not been conducted. We found that thalidomide, when used in combination with other medications, has been shown to produce better outcomes in several conditions or symptoms, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, renal failure carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, challenges may persist for newly diagnosed or previously treated patients, with moderate side effects being reported, particularly with the various mechanisms of action observed for thalidomide. Therefore, thalidomide, used alone, may not receive significant attention for use in treating glioblastoma in the future. Conducting further research by replicating current studies that show improved outcomes when thalidomide is combined with other medications, using larger sample sizes, different demographic groups and ethnicities, and implementing enhanced therapeutic protocol management, may benefit these patients. A meta-analysis of the combinations of thalidomide with other medications in treating glioblastoma is also needed to investigate its potential benefits further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail Eatmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Esraa Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | - Heba Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | - Afnan W M Jobran
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 51000, Palestine
| | - Abdallah A Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Sciences, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | | | | | - Salma Elnoamany
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | | | - Alhassan Ali Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang LM, Englander ZK, Miller ML, Bruce JN. Malignant Glioma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:1-30. [PMID: 37452933 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of malignant gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. These tumors are varied in their cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology under the microscope, but together they share some of the most dismal prognoses of all neoplasms in the body. Although there is currently no cure for malignant glioma, persistent efforts to improve outcomes in patients with these tumors have led to modest increases in survival, and researchers worldwide continue to strive toward a deeper understanding of the factors that influence glioma development and response to treatment. In addition to well-established epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and common histopathologic and radiologic features of malignant gliomas, this section considers recent advances in molecular biology that have led to a more nuanced understanding of the genetic changes that characterize the different types of malignant glioma, as well as their implications for treatment. Beyond the traditional classification of malignant gliomas based on histopathological features, this chapter incorporates the World Health Organization's 2016 criteria for the classification of brain tumors, with special focus on disease-defining genetic alterations and newly established subcategories of malignant glioma that were previously unidentifiable based on microscopic examination alone. Traditional therapeutic modalities that form the cornerstone of treatment for malignant glioma, such as aggressive surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and the studies that support their efficacy are reviewed in detail. This provides a foundation for additional discussion of novel therapeutic methods such as immunotherapy and convection-enhanced delivery, as well as new techniques for enhancing extent of resection such as fluorescence-guided surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Michael L Miller
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saleh HA, Mitwasi N, Ullrich M, Kubeil M, Toussaint M, Deuther-Conrad W, Neuber C, Arndt C, R. Loureiro L, Kegler A, González Soto KE, Belter B, Rössig C, Pietzsch J, Frenz M, Bachmann M, Feldmann A. Specific and safe targeting of glioblastoma using switchable and logic-gated RevCAR T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166169. [PMID: 37122703 PMCID: PMC10145173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is still an incurable tumor that is associated with high recurrence rate and poor survival despite the current treatment regimes. With the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies, immunotherapies, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells, represent a promising approach for specific and effective targeting of GBM. However, CAR T cells can be associated with serious side effects. To overcome such limitation, we applied our switchable RevCAR system to target both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the disialoganglioside GD2, which are expressed in GBM. The RevCAR system is a modular platform that enables controllability, improves safety, specificity and flexibility. Briefly, it consists of RevCAR T cells having a peptide epitope as extracellular domain, and a bispecific target module (RevTM). The RevTM acts as a switch key that recognizes the RevCAR epitope and the tumor-associated antigen, and thereby activating the RevCAR T cells to kill the tumor cells. However, in the absence of the RevTM, the RevCAR T cells are switched off. In this study, we show that the novel EGFR/GD2-specific RevTMs can selectively activate RevCAR T cells to kill GBM cells. Moreover, we show that gated targeting of GBM is possible with our Dual-RevCAR T cells, which have their internal activation and co-stimulatory domains separated into two receptors. Therefore, a full activation of Dual-RevCAR T cells can only be achieved when both receptors recognize EGFR and GD2 simultaneously via RevTMs, leading to a significant killing of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Mitwasi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Belter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Rössig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Frenz
- Faculty Informatik and Wirtschaftsinformatik, Provadis School of International Management and Technology AG, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Bachmann,
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eibl RH, Schneemann M. Liquid biopsy and glioblastoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:28-41. [PMID: 36937320 PMCID: PMC10017188 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite a century of research efforts, the survival of patients has not significantly improved. Currently, diagnosis is based on neuroimaging techniques followed by histopathological and molecular analysis of resected or biopsied tissue. A recent paradigm shift in diagnostics ranks the molecular analysis of tissue samples as the new gold standard over classical histopathology, thus correlating better with the biological behavior of glioblastoma and clinical prediction, especially when a tumor lacks the typical hallmarks for glioblastoma. Liquid biopsy aims to detect and quantify tumor-derived content, such as nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), or extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids, mainly blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or urine. Liquid biopsy has the potential to overcome the limitations of both neuroimaging and tissue-based methods to identify early recurrence and to differentiate tumor progression from pseudoprogression, without the risks of repeated surgical biopsies. This review highlights the origins and time-frame of liquid biopsy in glioblastoma and points to recent developments, limitations, and challenges of adding liquid biopsy to support the clinical management of glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Eibl
- c/o M. Schneemann, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Robert H. Eibl, c/o M. Schneemann, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Schneemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Raghu ALB, Chen JA, Valdes PA, Essayed WI, Claus E, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Chiocca EA, Peruzzi PP, Bernstock JD. Cerebellar High-Grade Glioma: A Translationally Oriented Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:174. [PMID: 36612169 PMCID: PMC9818238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 gliomas of the cerebellum are rare entities whose understanding trails that of their supratentorial counterparts. Like supratentorial high-grade gliomas (sHGG), cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGG) preferentially affect males and prognosis is bleak; however, they are more common in a younger population. While current therapy for cerebellar and supratentorial HGG is the same, recent molecular analyses have identified features and subclasses of cerebellar tumors that may merit individualized targeting. One recent series of cHGG included the subclasses of (1) high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP, ~31% of tumors); (2) H3K27M diffuse midline glioma (~8%); and (3) isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma (~43%). The latter had an unusually low-frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and high-frequency of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) amplification, reflecting a different composition of methylation classes compared to supratentorial IDH-wildtype tumors. These new classifications have begun to reveal insights into the pathogenesis of HGG in the cerebellum and lead toward individualized treatment targeted toward the appropriate subclass of cHGG. Emerging therapeutic strategies include targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and PDGFRA, oncolytic virotherapy, and immunotherapy. HGGs of the cerebellum exhibit biological differences compared to sHGG, and improved understanding of their molecular subclasses has the potential to advance treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. B. Raghu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Oxford Functional Neurosurgery Group, Nuffield Departments of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jason A. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Walid Ibn Essayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Claus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shirakura T, Yamada Y, Nakata S, Asayama B, Seo Y, Tanikawa S, Kato T, Komoribayashi N, Kubo N, Monma N, Okura N, Tanaka S, Oda Y, Hirato J, Yokoo H, Nobusawa S. Analysis of clinicopathological features and NAB2-STAT6 fusion variants of meningeal solitary fibrous tumor with ectopic salivary gland components in the cerebellopontine angle. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:913-923. [PMID: 36056239 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that can occur at any location. Since the identification of specific NAB2-STAT6 fusion in SFTs, the fusion gene variants, NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2/3 and NAB2 exon 5/6/7-STAT6 exon 16/17/18, have been reported to be associated with clinicopathological features, and the latter variant is predominant in meningeal SFTs. SFTs developing in the salivary glands are rare, and more rarely, those involving ectopic salivary glands (ESGs) have been reported in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA); however, their characteristics remain not well understood. In this study, we performed a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 3 cases of meningeal SFT with ESGs. All cases presented with an extra-axial mass in the CPA, which is a rarer location for intracranial ESGs compared to the sellar region. Histologically, except for the presence of ESGs, there was no significant difference between current cases and ordinary SFTs. The ESGs demonstrated no cellular atypia, and although the spindle tumor cells were immunopositive for STAT6, the ESGs were negative in all cases, supporting that the ESGs are non-neoplastic components. In 1 case, ESGs were found only in the primary tumor and disappeared in recurrence/dissemination. Of note, molecular analysis identified NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2 in all cases. In conclusion, our results suggest that ESGs particularly in the CPA may be associated with SFTs and that meningeal SFTs with ESGs may be associated with the minor fusion variant of NAB2-STAT6 in the intracranial lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shirakura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bunsho Asayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanikawa
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daiyukai General Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komoribayashi
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Morioka Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kubo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Morioka Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Monma
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Morioka Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Naoki Okura
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Tomioka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gliosarcoma: The Distinct Genomic Alterations Identified by Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number Variations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:2376288. [PMID: 35757013 PMCID: PMC9226978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2376288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma (GSM), a histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM), carries a poor prognosis with less than one year of median survival. Though GSM is similar with GBM in most clinical and pathological symptoms, GBM has unique molecular and histological features. However, as the rarity of GSM samples, the genetic information of this tumor is still lacking. Here, we take a comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number variations (CNV) in GBM and GSM. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 21 cases of GBM and 15 cases of GSM. CNVKIT is used for CNV calling. Our data showed that chromosomes 7, 8, 9, and 10 were the regions where CNV frequently happened in both GBM and GSM. There was a distinct CNV signal in chromosome 2 especially in GSM. The pathway enrichment of genes with CNV was suggested that the GBM and GSM shared the similar mechanism of tumor development. However, the CNV of some screened genes displayed a disparate form between GBM and GSM, such as AMP, BEND2, HDAC6, FOXP3, ZBTB33, TFE3, and VEGFD. It meant that GSM was a distinct subgroup possessing typical biomarkers. The pathways and copy number alterations detected in this study may represent key drivers in gliosarcoma oncogenesis and may provide a starting point toward targeted oncologic analysis with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
16
|
Monocentric evaluation of Ki-67 labeling index in combination with a modified RPA score as a prognostic factor for survival in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients treated with radiochemotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:892-906. [PMID: 35612598 PMCID: PMC9515058 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains dismal despite intensive research on better treatment options. Molecular and immunohistochemical markers are increasingly being investigated as understanding of their role in disease progression grows. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been shown to have prognostic and therapeutic relevance for glioblastoma patients. Other markers implicated in tumor formation and/or malignancy are p53, Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor splice variant III (EGFRvIII), and Ki-67, with loss of nuclear ATRX expression and lower Ki-67 index being associated with prolonged survival. For p53 and EGFRvIII the data are contradictory. Our aim was to investigate the markers mentioned above regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to evaluate their viability as independent prognostic markers for our patient collective. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected data on patients undergoing radiotherapy due to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma at a single university hospital between 2014 and 2020. Results Our findings confirm Ki-67 labeling index ≤ 20% as an independent prognostic factor for prolonged PFS as well as MGMT promoter methylation for both prolonged PFS and OS, in consideration of age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, chemotherapy treatment, and total radiation dose for PFS as well as additionally sex, resection status, and receipt of treatment for progression or recurrence for OS. Additionally, Ki-67 labeling index ≤ 20% showed a significant correlation with prolonged OS in univariate analysis. Modification of the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) score to include Ki-67 labeling index resulted in a classification with the possible ability to distinguish long-term-survivors from patients with unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion MGMT promoter methylation and Ki-67 labeling index were independent predictors of survival in our collective. We see further studies pooling patient collectives to reach larger patient numbers concerning Ki-67 labeling index as being warranted. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-022-01959-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
17
|
Assessing Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Therapeutic Effect for Glioblastoma Multiforme. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072643. [PMID: 35408257 PMCID: PMC9002887 DOI: 10.3390/s22072643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that Raman microscopy combined with computational analysis is a useful approach to discriminating accurately between brain tumor bio-specimens and to identifying structural changes in glioblastoma (GBM) bio-signatures after nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) administration. NDGA phenolic lignan was selected as a potential therapeutic agent because of its reported beneficial effects in alleviating and inhibiting the formation of multi-organ malignant tumors. The current analysis of NDGA's impact on GBM human cells demonstrates a reduction in the quantity of altered protein content and of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged phenylalanine; results that correlate with the ROS scavenger and anti-oxidant properties of NDGA. A novel outcome presented here is the use of phenylalanine as a biomarker for differentiating between samples and assessing drug efficacy. Treatment with a low NDGA dose shows a decline in abnormal lipid-protein metabolism, which is inferred by the formation of lipid droplets and a decrease in altered protein content. A very high dose results in cell structural and membrane damage that favors transformed protein overexpression. The information gained through this work is of substantial value for understanding NDGA's beneficial as well as detrimental bio-effects as a potential therapeutic drug for brain cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghaemi S, Fekrirad Z, Zamani N, Rahmani R, Arefian E. Non-coding RNAs Enhance the Apoptosis Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents Used for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiform. J Drug Target 2022; 30:589-602. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2047191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020443. [PMID: 35053605 PMCID: PMC8773542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, defined by its highly aggressive nature. Despite the advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, and the development of novel therapies in the last decade, the prognosis for glioblastoma is still extremely poor. One major factor for the failure of existing therapeutic approaches is the highly invasive nature of glioblastomas. The extreme infiltrating capacity of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma makes complete surgical removal difficult; glioblastomas almost inevitably recur in a more therapy-resistant state, sometimes at distant sites in the brain. Therefore, there are major efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning glioblastoma invasion; however, there is no approved therapy directed against the invasive phenotype as of now. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma cell invasion, including the routes followed by glioblastoma cells, the interaction of tumor cells within the brain environment and the extracellular matrix components, and the roles of tumor cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also include a perspective of high-throughput approaches utilized to discover novel players for invasion and clinical targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413550. [PMID: 34948346 PMCID: PMC8705881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of new molecular and genetic findings has been reported regarding factors contributing to GBM’s development into a lethal phenotype and its overall poor prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. Many research findings have highlighted the importance of miRNAs in facilitating and controlling normal biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, miRNAs’ ability to initiate and promote cancer development, directly or indirectly, has been shown in many types of cancer. There is a clear association between alteration in miRNAs expression in GBM’s ability to escape apoptosis, proliferation, and resistance to treatment. Further, miRNAs regulate the already altered pathways in GBM, including P53, RB, and PI3K-AKT pathways. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakajima N, Hayashi T, Fujiki K, Shirahige K, Akiyama T, Akutsu T, Nakato R. Codependency and mutual exclusivity for gene community detection from sparse single-cell transcriptome data. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e104. [PMID: 34291282 PMCID: PMC8501962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) can be used to characterize cellular heterogeneity in thousands of cells. The reconstruction of a gene network based on coexpression patterns is a fundamental task in scRNA-seq analyses, and the mutual exclusivity of gene expression can be critical for understanding such heterogeneity. Here, we propose an approach for detecting communities from a genetic network constructed on the basis of coexpression properties. The community-based comparison of multiple coexpression networks enables the identification of functionally related gene clusters that cannot be fully captured through differential gene expression-based analysis. We also developed a novel metric referred to as the exclusively expressed index (EEI) that identifies mutually exclusive gene pairs from sparse scRNA-seq data. EEI quantifies and ranks the exclusive expression levels of all gene pairs from binary expression patterns while maintaining robustness against a low sequencing depth. We applied our methods to glioblastoma scRNA-seq data and found that gene communities were partially conserved after serum stimulation despite a considerable number of differentially expressed genes. We also demonstrate that the identification of mutually exclusive gene sets with EEI can improve the sensitivity of capturing cellular heterogeneity. Our methods complement existing approaches and provide new biological insights, even for a large, sparse dataset, in the single-cell analysis field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsu Nakajima
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujiki
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Akutsu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoogstrate Y, Ghisai SA, de Wit M, de Heer I, Draaisma K, van Riet J, van de Werken HJG, Bours V, Buter J, Vanden Bempt I, Eoli M, Franceschi E, Frenel JS, Gorlia T, Hanse MC, Hoeben A, Kerkhof M, Kros JM, Leenstra S, Lombardi G, Lukacova S, Robe PA, Sepulveda JM, Taal W, Taphoorn M, Vernhout RM, Walenkamp AME, Watts C, Weller M, de Vos FYF, Jenster GW, van den Bent M, French PJ. The EGFRvIII transcriptome in glioblastoma, a meta-omics analysis. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:429-441. [PMID: 34608482 PMCID: PMC8917407 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EGFR is among the genes most frequently altered in glioblastoma, with exons 2-7 deletions (EGFRvIII) being among its most common genomic mutations. There are conflicting reports about its prognostic role and it remains unclear whether and how it differs in signaling compared with wildtype EGFR. Methods To better understand the oncogenic role of EGFRvIII, we leveraged 4 large datasets into 1 large glioblastoma transcriptome dataset (n = 741) alongside 81 whole-genome samples from 2 datasets. Results The EGFRvIII/EGFR expression ratios differ strongly between tumors and range from 1% to 95%. Interestingly, the slope of relative EGFRvIII expression is near-linear, which argues against a more positive selection pressure than EGFR wildtype. An absence of selection pressure is also suggested by the similar survival between EGFRvIII-positive and -negative glioblastoma patients. EGFRvIII levels are inversely correlated with pan-EGFR (all wildtype and mutant variants) expression, which indicates that EGFRvIII has a higher potency in downstream pathway activation. EGFRvIII-positive glioblastomas have a lower CDK4 or MDM2 amplification incidence than EGFRvIII-negative (P = .007), which may point toward crosstalk between these pathways. EGFRvIII-expressing tumors have an upregulation of “classical” subtype genes compared to those with EGFR-amplification only (P = 3.873e−6). Genomic breakpoints of the EGFRvIII deletions have a preference toward the 3′-end of the large intron-1. These preferred breakpoints preserve a cryptic exon resulting in a novel EGFRvIII variant and preserve an intronic enhancer. Conclusions These data provide deeper insights into the complex EGFRvIII biology and provide new insights for targeting EGFRvIII mutated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youri Hoogstrate
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding Author: Youri Hoogstrate, PhD, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands ()
| | | | - Maurice de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Heer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar Draaisma
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bours
- Department of Human Genetics, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Buter
- Department of Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marica Eoli
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Besta-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Monique C Hanse
- Department of Neurology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Kerkhof
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Slávka Lukacova
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walter Taal
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - René M Vernhout
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filip Y F de Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arabzadeh A, Mortezazadeh T, Aryafar T, Gharepapagh E, Majdaeen M, Farhood B. Therapeutic potentials of resveratrol in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy during glioblastoma treatment: a mechanistic review. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 34289841 PMCID: PMC8296583 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, WHO grade IV astrocytoma, is the most aggressive type of brain tumors. These cancerous cells have a rapid growth rate, tendency to penetrate vital brain structures, molecular heterogeneity, etc. and this cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and low survival rate. Due to the resistance of glioblastoma cells to conventional therapeutic modalities (such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy) as well as the adverse effects of these modalities, the researchers have attempted to discover an appropriate alternative or adjuvant treatment for glioblastoma. Resveratrol, as an herbal and natural polyphenolic compound, has anti-tumoral property and has shown to be effective in GBM treatment. Resveratrol exerts its anti-tumoral effect through various mechanisms such as regulation of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, autophagy, oxidant system, apoptosis pathways, and so on. Resveratrol in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy has also been used. In the present study, we summarized the current findings on therapeutic potentials of resveratrol in glioblastoma radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AmirAhmad Arabzadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Tohid Mortezazadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Aryafar
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Gharepapagh
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team , Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Majdaeen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun R, Cuthbert H, Watts C. Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in the Surgical Treatment of Gliomas: Past, Present and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143508. [PMID: 34298721 PMCID: PMC8304525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas are aggressive central nervous system tumours. The emergence and recent widespread adoption of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence guided surgery have improved the extent of resection, with implications for improved survival and progression-free survival. This review describes the history, rationale and mechanism behind the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence-guided surgery. We also discuss current limitations and future directions for this important adjunct to glioma surgery. This review aims to provide readers with an up-to-date overview and evidence base on this important topic. Abstract Gliomas are central nervous systems tumours which are diffusely infiltrative and difficult to treat. The extent of surgical resection is correlated with improved outcomes, including survival and disease-free progression. Cancerous tissue can be directly visualised intra-operatively under fluorescence by administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid to the patient. The adoption of this technique has allowed surgeons worldwide to achieve greater extents of resection, with implications for improved prognosis. However, there are practical limitations to use of 5-aminolevulinic acid. New adjuncts in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery aim to improve recognition of the interface between tumour and brain with the objective of improving resection and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Hadleigh Cuthbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karlsen EA, Kahler S, Tefay J, Joseph SR, Simpson F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Resistance Patterns to Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1206. [PMID: 34069119 PMCID: PMC8156654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which allows for precise and targeted therapy in these patients. The dysregulation of EGFR in solid epithelial cancers has two distinct mechanisms: either a kinase-activating mutation in EGFR (EGFR-mutant) and/or an overexpression of wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). The underlying mechanism of EGFR dysregulation influences the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy as well as the nature of resistance patterns and secondary mutations. This review will critically analyse the mechanisms of EGFR expression in NSCLC, its relevance to currently approved targeted treatment options, and the complex nature of secondary mutations and intrinsic and acquired resistance patterns in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Sam Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joan Tefay
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Redland Hospital, Cleveland 4163, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang S, Wallach M, Krishna A, Kurmasheva R, Sridhar S. Recent Developments in Nanomedicine for Pediatric Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1437. [PMID: 33916177 PMCID: PMC8036287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second biggest cause of death in children in the US. With the development of chemotherapy, there has been a substantial increase in the overall survival rate in the last 30 years. However, the overall mortality rate in children with cancer remains 25%, and many survivors experience a decline in overall quality of life and long-term adverse effects caused by treatments. Although cancer cells share common characteristics, pediatric cancers are different from adult cancers in their prevalence, mutation load, and drug response. Therefore, there is an urgent unmet need to develop therapeutic approaches specifically designed for children with cancer. Nanotechnology can potentially overcome the deficiencies of conventional methods of administering chemotherapy and ultimately improve clinical outcomes. The nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can decrease the toxicity of therapy, provide a sustained or controlled drug release, improve the pharmacokinetic properties of loading contents, and achieve a targeted drug delivery with achievable modifications. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches based on combining nanoformulated drugs with novel immunotherapeutic agents are emerging. In this review, we discussed the recently developed nanotechnology-based strategies for treating blood and solid pediatric cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Mia Wallach
- School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Apurva Krishna
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Raushan Kurmasheva
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crake RLI, Burgess ER, Royds JA, Phillips E, Vissers MCM, Dachs GU. The Role of 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenases in Gliomas and Glioblastomas: A Review of Epigenetic Reprogramming and Hypoxic Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:619300. [PMID: 33842321 PMCID: PMC8027507 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of cancers that predominantly arise from glial cells in the brain, but may also arise from neural stem cells, encompassing low-grade glioma and high-grade glioblastoma. Whereas better diagnosis and new treatments have improved patient survival for many cancers, glioblastomas remain challenging with a highly unfavorable prognosis. This review discusses a super-family of enzymes, the 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase enzymes (2-OGDD) that control numerous processes including epigenetic modifications and oxygen sensing, and considers their many roles in the pathology of gliomas. We specifically describe in more detail the DNA and histone demethylases, and the hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases in the context of glioma, and discuss the substrate and cofactor requirements of the 2-OGDD enzymes. Better understanding of how these enzymes contribute to gliomas could lead to the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. I. Crake
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eleanor R. Burgess
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Janice A. Royds
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U. Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
[Histomolecular diagnosis of glial and glioneuronal tumours]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:137-153. [PMID: 33712303 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While rare compared to extra-cranial neoplasms, glial and glioneuronal tumors are responsible of high morbidity and mortality. In 2016, the World Health Organization introduced histo-molecular ("integrated") diagnostics for central nervous system tumors based on morphology, immunohistochemistry and the presence of key genetic alterations. This combined phenotypic-genotypic classification allows for a more objective diagnostic of brain tumors. The implementation of such a classification in daily practice requires immunohistochemical surrogates to detect common genetic alterations and sometimes expensive and not widely available molecular biology techniques. The first step in brain tumor diagnostics is to inquire about the clinical picture and the imaging findings. When dealing with a glial tumor, the pathologist needs to assess its nature, infiltrative or circumscribed. If the tumor is infiltrative, IDH1/2 genes (prognostic marker) and chromosomes 1p/19q (diagnosis of oligodendroglioma) need to be assessed. If the tumor appears circumscribed, the pathologist should look for a neuronal component associated with the glial component (glioneuronal tumor). A limited immunohistochemistry panel will help distinguish between diffuse glioma (IDH1-R132H, ATRX, p53) and circumscribed glial/glioneuronal tumor (CD34, neuronal markers, BRAF-V600E), and some antibodies may reliably detect genetic alterations (IDH1-R132H, BRAF-V600E and H3-K27M mutations). Chromosomal imbalances (1p/19q codeletion in oligodendroglioma; chromosome 7 gain/chromosome 10 loss and EGFR amplification in glioblastoma) and gene rearrangements (BRAF fusion, FGFR1 fusion) will be identified by molecular biology techniques. The up-coming edition of the WHO classification of the central nervous system tumors will rely more heavily on molecular alterations to accurately diagnose and treat brain tumors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Litak J, Grajkowska W, Szumiło J, Krukow P, Maciejewski R, Roliński J, Grochowski C. PD-L1 Expression Correlated with p53 Expression in Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020262. [PMID: 33669639 PMCID: PMC7923158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are infrequent in the pediatric population compared to adults, nevertheless, mortality and morbidity caused by malignant gliomas in this group of patients remain significant. PD-L1 and PD-1 Immune checkpoints (IC) molecules maintain immunological balance between activation and suppression. Eighteen patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO IV) were studied. In total, PD-L1 expression was detected in 8 patients (44%). The molecular aspect of IC and immunotherapy targeted on PD-1/PD-L1 axis in pediatric population may be a promising adjuvant therapy in pediatric glioblastoma multiform treatment, however, this subject requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Szumiło
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Analysis of the P 53N a Novel Protein Encoded on Chromosome 22q12.1-12.3 in Glioblastomas and Ependymomas Specimens. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1714-1722. [PMID: 33595778 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The P53N gene maps precisely to human chromosome sub-band 22q12.1-12.3, a region where loss of heterozygosity has been reported in 30% of astrocytic tumors and associated with progression to anaplasia. Moreover, a putative tumor suppressor gene has been indicated on 22q11 region involved in pathogenesis of ependymal tumors. Our objectives to examine the expression level of novel membrane-associated protein (termed P53N) encoded by a novel human gene on chromosome 22q12.1-12.3 in glioblastomas and ependymomas. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and immunofluorescence analysis of the P53N in the brain tumor tissues were performed. Our analysis revealed that there was high expression of the P53N mRNA in brain ependymoma and brain well-differentiated astrocytoma libraries. The P53N protein. P53N protein contains a high mobility group (HMG) domain at amino acid positions 301 to 360 expressed highly in glioblastoma and ependymoma specimens. Anti-P53N carboxyl-terminal peptide antibody localized the P53N protein to the cytoplasmic membranes of protoplasmic astrocytes in the glioblastoma and ependymoma specimens. These results are in good agreement with the SAGE analysis and the predicted transmembrane topology for the P53N protein and support a possible transmembrane model in which the P53N contains a predicted transmembrane region with its amino terminus localized to the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Collapse
|
31
|
Updated Insights on EGFR Signaling Pathways in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020587. [PMID: 33435537 PMCID: PMC7827907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, due to recent advances in molecular biology, the pathogenesis of glioblastoma is better understood. For the newly diagnosed, the current standard of care is represented by resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide administration, but because median overall survival remains poor, new diagnosis and treatment strategies are needed. Due to the quick progression, even with aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma remains almost incurable. It is known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is a characteristic of the classical subtype of glioma. However, targeted therapies against this type of receptor have not yet shown a clear clinical benefit. Many factors contribute to resistance, such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, heterogeneity, mutations, as well as compensatory signaling pathways. A better understanding of the EGFR signaling network, and its interrelations with other pathways, are essential to clarify the mechanisms of resistance and create better therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li YF, Tsai WC, Chou CH, Huang LC, Huang SM, Hueng DY, Tsai CK. CKAP2L Knockdown Exerts Antitumor Effects by Increasing miR-4496 in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010197. [PMID: 33375517 PMCID: PMC7796349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the central nervous system malignancy glioma, overall survival remains poor. Cytoskeleton-associated protein 2-like (CKAP2L), which plays key roles in neural progenitor cell division, has also been linked to poor prognosis in lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role of CKAP2L in glioma. From bioinformatics analyses of datasets from The Cancer Gene Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, we found that CKAP2L expression correlates with tumor grade and overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that MITOTIC_SPINDLE, G2M_CHECKPOINT, and E2F_TARGETS are crucially enriched phenotypes associated with high CKAP2L expression. Using U87MG, U118MG, and LNZ308 human glioma cells, we confirmed that CKAP2L knockdown with siCKAP2L inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, CKAP2L knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, which is consistent with the GSEA finding. Finally, we observed that CKAP2L knockdown led to significant increases in miR-4496. Treating cells with exogenous miR-4496 mimicked the effect of CKAP2L knockdown, and the effects of CKAP2L knockdown could be suppressed by miR-4496 inhibition. These findings suggest that CKAP2L is a vital regulator of miR-4496 activity and that CKAP2L is a potentially useful prognostic marker in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-M.H.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-M.H.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-M.H.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Panzarini E, Mariano S, Tacconi S, Carata E, Tata AM, Dini L. Novel Therapeutic Delivery of Nanocurcumin in Central Nervous System Related Disorders. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010002. [PMID: 33374979 PMCID: PMC7822042 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals represent complementary or alternative beneficial products to the expensive and high-tech therapeutic tools in modern medicine. Nowadays, their medical or health benefits in preventing or treating different types of diseases is widely accepted, due to fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, improved bioavailability and long half-life. Among herbal and natural compounds, curcumin is a very attractive herbal supplement considering its multipurpose properties. The potential effects of curcumin on glia cells and its therapeutic and protective properties in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders is relevant. However, curcumin is unstable and easily degraded or metabolized into other forms posing limits to its clinical development. This is particularly important in brain pathologies determined blood brain barrier (BBB) obstacle. To enhance the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, many studies focused on the design and development of curcumin nanodelivery systems (nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and diverse nanocarriers). These nanoconstructs can increase curcumin stability, solubility, in vivo uptake, bioactivity and safety. Recently, several studies have reported on a curcumin exosome-based delivery system, showing great therapeutical potential. The present work aims to review the current available data in improving bioactivity of curcumin in treatment or prevention of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Dini
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fiorica F, Colella M, Taibi R, Bonetti A, Giuliani J, Perrone MS, Missiroli S, Giorgi C. Glioblastoma: Prognostic Factors and Predictive Response to Radio and Chemotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2814-2825. [PMID: 32003678 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200131095256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by poor prognosis despite an aggressive therapeutic strategy. In recent years, many advances have been achieved in the field of glioblastoma biology. Here we try to summarize the main clinical and biological factors impacting clinical prognostication and therapy of GBM patients. From that standpoint, hopefully, in the near future, personalized therapies will be available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Colella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Department of Oncology, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen Z, Herting CJ, Ross JL, Gabanic B, Puigdelloses Vallcorba M, Szulzewsky F, Wojciechowicz ML, Cimino PJ, Ezhilarasan R, Sulman EP, Ying M, Ma'ayan A, Read RD, Hambardzumyan D. Genetic driver mutations introduced in identical cell-of-origin in murine glioblastoma reveal distinct immune landscapes but similar response to checkpoint blockade. Glia 2020; 68:2148-2166. [PMID: 32639068 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. In addition to being genetically heterogeneous, GBMs are also immunologically heterogeneous. However, whether the differences in immune microenvironment are driven by genetic driver mutation is unexplored. By leveraging the versatile RCAS/tv-a somatic gene transfer system, we establish a mouse model for Classical GBM by introducing EGFRvIII expression in Nestin-positive neural stem/progenitor cells in adult mice. Along with our previously published Nf1-silenced and PDGFB-overexpressing models, we investigate the immune microenvironments of the three models of human GBM subtypes by unbiased multiplex profiling. We demonstrate that both the quantity and composition of the microenvironmental myeloid cells are dictated by the genetic driver mutations, closely mimicking what was observed in human GBM subtypes. These myeloid cells express high levels of the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1; however, PD-L1 targeted therapies alone or in combination with irradiation are unable to increase the survival time of tumor-bearing mice regardless of the driver mutations, reflecting the outcomes of recent human trials. Together, these results highlight the critical utility of immunocompetent mouse models for preclinical studies of GBM, making these models indispensable tools for understanding the resistance mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade in GBM and immune cell-targeting drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cameron J Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Graduate Division of Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ben Gabanic
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Montse Puigdelloses Vallcorba
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors, Center for the Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan L Wojciechowicz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Renee D Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Usniversity School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tan AC, Ashley DM, López GY, Malinzak M, Friedman HS, Khasraw M. Management of glioblastoma: State of the art and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:299-312. [PMID: 32478924 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Overall, the prognosis for patients with this disease is poor, with a median survival of <2 years. There is a slight predominance in males, and incidence increases with age. The standard approach to therapy in the newly diagnosed setting includes surgery followed by concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide and further adjuvant temozolomide. Tumor-treating fields, delivering low-intensity alternating electric fields, can also be given concurrently with adjuvant temozolomide. At recurrence, there is no standard of care; however, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy with chemotherapy or bevacizumab are all potential options, depending on the patient's circumstances. Supportive and palliative care remain important considerations throughout the disease course in the multimodality approach to management. The recently revised classification of glioblastoma based on molecular profiling, notably isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, is a result of enhanced understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of disease. There is a clear need for better therapeutic options, and there have been substantial efforts exploring immunotherapy and precision oncology approaches. In contrast to other solid tumors, however, biological factors, such as the blood-brain barrier and the unique tumor and immune microenvironment, represent significant challenges in the development of novel therapies. Innovative clinical trial designs with biomarker-enrichment strategies are needed to ultimately improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Ashley
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giselle Y López
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Malinzak
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry S Friedman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Delgado‐Martín B, Medina MÁ. Advances in the Knowledge of the Molecular Biology of Glioblastoma and Its Impact in Patient Diagnosis, Stratification, and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902971. [PMID: 32382477 PMCID: PMC7201267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They arise in the glial tissue and primarily occur in the brain. Low-grade tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tend to progress to high-grade gliomas of WHO grade III and, eventually, glioblastoma of WHO grade IV, which is the most common and deadly glioma, with a median survival of 12-15 months after final diagnosis. Knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics of glioblastoma has increased significantly in the past few years, giving rise to classification methods that can help in management and stratification of glioblastoma patients. However, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease. Glioblastoma cells have acquired genetic and metabolic adaptations in order to sustain tumor growth and progression, including changes in energetic metabolism, invasive capacity, migration, and angiogenesis, that make it very difficult to find suitable therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Although progress in glioblastoma therapies in recent years has been more limited than in other tumors, numerous drugs and targets are being proposed and many clinical trials are underway to develop effective subtype-specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Delgado‐Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)MálagaE‐29071Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MálagaE‐29071Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kirstein A, Schmid TE, Combs SE. The Role of miRNA for the Treatment of MGMT Unmethylated Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051099. [PMID: 32354046 PMCID: PMC7281574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade intracranial tumor in adults. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, diffuse infiltration due to high invasive and migratory capacities, as well as intense resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. With a five-year survival of less than 3% and an average survival rate of 12 months after diagnosis, GBM has become a focus of current research to urgently develop new therapeutic approaches in order to prolong survival of GBM patients. The methylation status of the promoter region of the O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is nowadays routinely analyzed since a methylated promoter region is beneficial for an effective response to temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, several miRNAs were identified regulating MGMT expression, apart from promoter methylation, by degrading MGMT mRNA before protein translation. These miRNAs could be a promising innovative treatment approach to enhance Temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in MGMT unmethylated patients and to increase progression-free survival as well as long-term survival. In this review, the relevant miRNAs are systematically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirstein
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-4501
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Recent Trends of microRNA Significance in Pediatric Population Glioblastoma and Current Knowledge of Micro RNA Function in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093046. [PMID: 32349263 PMCID: PMC7246719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are a significant problem for modern medicine because of their location. The explanation of the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the development of cancerous changes plays an important role in this respect. The first papers describing the presence of miRNA were published in the 1990s. The role of miRNA has been pointed out in many medical conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, arthritis and cancer. There are several miRNAs responsible for invasiveness, apoptosis, resistance to treatment, angiogenesis, proliferation and immunology, and many others. The research conducted in recent years analyzing this group of tumors has shown the important role of miRNA in the course of gliomagenesis. These particles seem to participate in many stages of the development of cancer processes, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of apoptosis or cell resistance to cytostatics.
Collapse
|
40
|
Glioblastoma: Pathogenesis and Current Status of Chemotherapy and Other Novel Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040937. [PMID: 32290213 PMCID: PMC7226351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and detrimental forms of solid brain tumor, with over 10,000 new cases reported every year in the United States. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the overall survival period is reported to be less than 15 months after diagnosis. A widely used approach for the treatment of glioblastoma is surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While there are several drugs available that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of glioblastoma. This review describes the molecular targets and pathogenesis as well as the current progress in chemotherapeutic development and other novel therapies in the clinical setting for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin YL, Huang XF, Chang KF, Liao KW, Tsai NM. Encapsulated n-Butylidenephthalide Efficiently Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Suppresses Growth of Glioblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:749-760. [PMID: 32099363 PMCID: PMC6999785 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s235815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) has anti-tumor effects on glioblastoma. However, the limitation of BP for clinical application is its unstable structure. A polycationic liposomal polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) complex (LPPC) has been developed to encapsulate BP for drug structure protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the BP/LPPC complex on glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods DBTRG-05MG tumor bearing xenograft mice were treated with BP and BP/LPPC and then their tumor sizes, survival, drug biodistribution were measured. RG2 tumor bearing F344 rats also treated with BP and BP/LPPC and then their tumor sizes by magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation blood–brain barrier (BBB) across and drug therapeutic effects. After treated with BP/LPPC in vitro, cell uptake, cell cycle and apoptotic regulators were analyzed for evaluation the therapeutic mechanism. Results In athymic mice, BP/LPPC could efficiently suppress tumor growth and prolong survival. In F334 rats, BP/LPPC crossed the BBB and led to tumor shrinkage. BP/LPPC promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and triggered the extrinsic and intrinsic cell apoptosis pathways resulting cell death. BP/LPPC also efficiently suppressed VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Conclusion BP/LPPC was rapidly and efficiently transported to the tumor area across the BBB and induced cell apoptosis, anti-angiogenetic and anti-metastatic effects in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Medicine of Chung Shun Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Medicine of Chung Shun Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pathway analysis of glutamate-mediated, calcium-related signaling in glioma progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113814. [PMID: 31954716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors, particularly high-grade glioblastomas, are a crucial public health issue due to poor prognosis and an extremely low survival rate. The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) grows rapidly within its unique microenvironment that is characterized by active neural communications. Therefore, diverse neurotransmitters not only maintain normal brain functions but also influence glioma progression. To fully appreciate the relationship between neurotransmitters and glioma progression, we reviewed potential neurotransmitter contributors in human GBM and the much less aggressive Low-grade glioma (LGG) by combining previously published data from gene-mutation/mRNA sequencing databases together with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis results. The summarized results indicate that glutamatergic and calcium signaling may provide positive feedback to promote glioma formation through 1) metabolic reprogramming and genetic switching to accelerate glioma duplication and progression; 2) upregulation of cytoskeleton proteins and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels to increase glutamate release and facilitate formation of synaptic-like connections with surrounding cells in their microenvironment. The upregulated glutamatergic neuronal activities in turn stimulate glioma growth and signaling. Importantly, the enhanced electrical and molecular signals from both neurons and glia propagate out to enable glioma symptoms such as epilepsy and migraine. The elevated intracellular Ca2+ also activates nitric oxide synthase to produce nitric oxide (NO) that can either promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. By analyzing the network effects for complex interaction among neurotransmitters such as glutamate, Ca2+ and NO in brain tumor progression, especially GBM, we identified the glutamatergic signaling as the potential therapeutic targets and suggest manipulation of glutamatergic signaling may be an effective treatment strategy for this aggressive brain cancer.
Collapse
|
43
|
Shabaninejad Z, Pourhanifeh MH, Movahedpour A, Mottaghi R, Nickdasti A, Mortezapour E, Shafiee A, Hajighadimi S, Moradizarmehri S, Sadeghian M, Mousavi SM, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic potentials of curcumin in the treatment of glioblstoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112040. [PMID: 31927312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a greatly aggressive malignancy of the brain, is correlated with a poor prognosis and low rate of survival. Up to now, chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgical approaches have been the treatments increasing the survival rates. The low efficacy of mentioned therapies as well as their side-effects has forced researchers to explore an appropriate alternative or complementary treatment for glioblastoma. In experimental models, it has been shown that curcumin has therapeutic potentials to fight against GBM. Given that curcumin has pharmacological effects against cancer stem cells, as major causes of resistance to therapy in glioblastoma cells. Moreover, it has been showed that curcumin exerts its therapeutic effects on GBM cells via affecting on apoptosis, oxidant system, and inflammatory pathways. Curcumin would possess a synergistic impact with chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we summarized the current findings on curcumin as therapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Mottaghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Nickdasti
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Erfan Mortezapour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanaz Moradizarmehri
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Sadeghian
- Orthopedic Surgeon Fellowship of Spine Surgery, Sasan General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
EGFR amplification is a real independent prognostic impact factor between young adults and adults over 45yo with wild-type glioblastoma? J Neurooncol 2019; 146:275-284. [PMID: 31889239 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019 a group of University of Pennsylvania (Hoffman et al., J Neurooncol 145: 321-328, 2019) aimed to explore the prognostic impact of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the most common genetic alterations in WT-GBM, in young adults with IDH-WT GBM, suggesting an inferior outcomes in young adults (< 45yo) with newly diagnosed, IDH-WT GBM. At the same time, our group were considering the dimension of this subpopulation treated in our centre, and we performed the same analysis, comparing datas with affected elderly adults. METHODS We explore the prognostic impact of EGFR expression status in young adults with IDH-WT GBM, and compare this impact with the affected elderly adults. We therefore analyzed clinical characteristics, tumor genetics, and clinical outcomes in a cohort of adults aged 18-45 years with newly diagnosed WT GBM. We selected a total of 146 patients affected by newly diagnosed IDH-WT GBM who underwent surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in our Institution in the period ranging between January 2014 and December 2016. We focused primarily on the prognostic impact of EGFR expression. RESULTS We confirmed through a Bivariate Analysis that the Age of the Patients, the Volume of the lesions, were statistically strongly associated with the survival parameters; The general OS of the cohort presented a breakthrough point between the patients who were respectively younger and older than 45 years, EGFR mutation was per se not associated to a survival reduction in all the cohort patients. When analyzing exclusively the Survival parameters of the patients whose age was under 40, it was possible to outline a non statistically significant trend towards a lesser OS in younger patients harboring an EGFR expression. CONCLUSIONS Once again the main difference in terms of OS in GBM is shown in a EOR and in Age. To our knowledge, ours is the second study (Hoffman et al., J Neurooncol 145: 321-328, 2019) to evaluate the prognostic impact of EGFR CN gain specifically in young adults with IDH-WT GBM and in the era of modern radiation and Temozolomide, but is the first one to compares this impact with a population of adults over 45, and correlates this date with clinical onset, dimension and localization of disease between this groups. We suggest other centers to evaluate this important finding with a larger number of patients and we are inclined to accept collaborations to increase the power of this study.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li M, Long S, Hu J, Wang Z, Geng C, Ou S. Systematic identification of lncRNA-based prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9405-9423. [PMID: 31692451 PMCID: PMC6874448 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has a very poor prognosis. Analysis of global GBM samples has revealed a variety of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with prognosis; nevertheless, there remains a lack of accurate prognostic markers. Using RNA-Seq, methylation, copy number variation (CNV), mutation and clinical follow-up data for GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we performed univariate analysis, multi-cluster analysis, differential analysis of different subtypes of lncRNA and coding genes, weighted gene co-expression network analyses, gene set enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and lncRNA CNV analyses. Our analyses yielded five lncRNAs closely related to survival and prognosis for GBM. To verify the predictive role of these five lncRNAs on the prognosis of GBM patients, the corresponding RNA-seq data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas were downloaded and analyzed, and comparable results were obtained. The role of one lncRNA LINC00152 has been observed previously; the others are novel findings. Expression of these lncRNAs could become effective predictors of survival and potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengrong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinqu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaowu Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fathi Kazerooni A, Bakas S, Saligheh Rad H, Davatzikos C. Imaging signatures of glioblastoma molecular characteristics: A radiogenomics review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 52:54-69. [PMID: 31456318 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the advent and development of genomic assessment methods and computational approaches have raised the hopes for identifying therapeutic targets that may aid in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the targeted therapies have barely been successful in their effort to cure glioblastoma patients, leaving them with a grim prognosis. Glioblastoma exhibits high heterogeneity, both spatially and temporally. The existence of different genetic subpopulations in glioblastoma allows this tumor to adapt itself to environmental forces. Therefore, patients with glioblastoma respond poorly to the prescribed therapies, as treatments are directed towards the whole tumor and not to the specific genetic subregions. Genomic alterations within the tumor develop distinct radiographic phenotypes. In this regard, MRI plays a key role in characterizing molecular signatures of glioblastoma, based on regional variations and phenotypic presentation of the tumor. Radiogenomics has emerged as a (relatively) new field of research to explore the connections between genetic alterations and imaging features. Radiogenomics offers numerous advantages, including noninvasive and global assessment of the tumor and its response to therapies. In this review, we summarize the potential role of radiogenomic techniques to stratify patients according to their specific tumor characteristics with the goal of designing patient-specific therapies. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:54-69.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Spyridon Bakas
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (QMISG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lowder L, Hauenstein J, Woods A, Chen HR, Rupji M, Kowalski J, Olson JJ, Saxe D, Schniederjan M, Neill S, Weinberg B, Sengupta S. Gliosarcoma: distinct molecular pathways and genomic alterations identified by DNA copy number/SNP microarray analysis. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:381-392. [PMID: 31073965 PMCID: PMC6591191 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliosarcoma is a histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM), and like GBM carries a poor prognosis. Median survival is less than one (1) year with less than 5% of patients alive after 5 years. Although there is no cure, standard treatment includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. While very similar to GBM, gliosarcoma exhibits several distinct differences, morphologically and molecularly. Therefore, we report a comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number changes in gliosarcoma using a cytogenomic DNA copy number (CN) microarray (OncoScan®). METHODS Cytogenomic DNA copy number microarray (OncoScan®) was performed on 18 cases of gliosarcoma. MetaCore™ enrichment was applied to the array results to detect associated molecular pathways. RESULTS The most frequent alteration was copy number loss, comprising 57% of total copy number changes. The number of losses far exceeded the number of amplifications (***, < 0.001) and loss of heterozygosity events (***, < 0.001). Amplifications were infrequent (4.6%), particularly for EGFR. Chromosomes 9 and 10 had the highest number of losses; a large portion of which correlated to CDKN2A/B loss. Copy number gains were the second most common alteration (26.2%), with the majority occurring on chromosome 7. MetaCore™ enrichment detected notable pathways for copy number gains including: HOXA, Rho family of GTPases, and EGFR; copy number loss including: WNT, NF-kß, and CDKN2A; and copy number loss of heterozygosity including: WNT and p53. CONCLUSIONS The pathways and copy number alterations detected in this study may represent key drivers in gliosarcoma oncogenesis and may provide a starting point toward targeted oncologic analysis with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Lowder
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jennifer Hauenstein
- Department of Oncology Cytogenetics, Emory University Hospital, F143A, 1364 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ashley Woods
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Hsiao-Rong Chen
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas At Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Debra Saxe
- Department of Oncology Cytogenetics, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 143A USA
| | - Matthew Schniederjan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Stewart Neill
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Brent Weinberg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Emory University Hospital, BG20, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Departments Neurology, Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Takayama Y, Ono Y, Mizukami Y, Itoh H, Nakajima N, Arai H, Tanaka S, Nobusawa S, Yokoo H, Onozato Y. Comparative genome-wide analysis of gastric adenocarcinomas with hyperplastic polyp components. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:383-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
49
|
Corsi L, Mescola A, Alessandrini A. Glutamate Receptors and Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Old "Route" for New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071796. [PMID: 30978987 PMCID: PMC6479730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with poor survival in both treated and untreated patients. Recent studies began to explain the molecular pathway, comprising the dynamic structural and mechanical changes involved in GBM. In this context, some studies showed that the human glioblastoma cells release high levels of glutamate, which regulates the proliferation and survival of neuronal progenitor cells. Considering that cancer cells possess properties in common with neural progenitor cells, it is likely that the functions of glutamate receptors may affect the growth of cancer cells and, therefore, open the road to new and more targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Corsi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Informatics e Mathematics, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Murakami C, Yoshida Y, Yamazaki T, Yamazaki A, Nakata S, Hokama Y, Ishiuchi S, Akimoto J, Shishido-Hara Y, Yoshimoto Y, Matsumura N, Nobusawa S, Ikota H, Yokoo H. Clinicopathological characteristics of circumscribed high-grade astrocytomas with an unusual combination of BRAF V600E, ATRX, and CDKN2A/B alternations. Brain Tumor Pathol 2019; 36:103-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-019-00344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|