1
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Majumder M, Dutta D. Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Tauopathy: A Less Explored Area in Tau-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:1112. [PMID: 38994964 PMCID: PMC11240328 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is the hallmark pathology in a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders collectively called tauopathies. Physiologically, tau is an inherent neuronal protein that plays an important role in the assembly of microtubules and axonal transport. However, disease-associated mutations of this protein reduce its binding to the microtubule components and promote self-aggregation, leading to formation of tangles in neurons. Tau is also expressed in oligodendrocytes, where it has significant developmental roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis. Oligodendrocyte-specific tau pathology, in the form of fibrils and coiled coils, is evident in major tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Pick's disease (PiD). Multiple animal models of tauopathy expressing mutant forms of MAPT recapitulate oligodendroglial tau inclusions with potential to cause degeneration/malfunction of oligodendrocytes and affecting the neuronal myelin sheath. Till now, mechanistic studies heavily concentrated on elucidating neuronal tau pathology. Therefore, more investigations are warranted to comprehensively address tau-induced pathologies in oligodendrocytes. The present review provides the current knowledge available in the literature about the intricate relations between tau and oligodendrocytes in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Majumder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby’s Children Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Qi C, Lövestam S, Murzin AG, Peak-Chew S, Franco C, Bogdani M, Latimer C, Murrell JR, Cullinane PW, Jaunmuktane Z, Bird TD, Ghetti B, Scheres SH, Goedert M. Tau filaments with the Alzheimer fold in cases with MAPT mutations V337M and R406W. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591661. [PMID: 38746388 PMCID: PMC11092478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease are the most common forms of early-onset dementia. Dominantly inherited mutations in MAPT, the microtubule-associated protein tau gene, cause FTD and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Individuals with FTDP-17 develop abundant filamentous tau inclusions in brain cells. Here we used electron cryo-microscopy to determine the structures of tau filaments from the brains of individuals with MAPT mutations V337M and R406W. Both mutations gave rise to tau filaments with the Alzheimer fold, which consisted of paired helical filaments in all V337M and R406W cases and of straight filaments in two V337M cases. We also identified a new assembly of the Alzheimer fold into triple tau filaments in a V337M case. Filaments assembled from recombinant tau(297-391) with mutation V337M had the Alzheimer fold and showed an increased rate of assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Marika Bogdani
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Patrick W. Cullinane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sjors H.W. Scheres
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Sjors H.W. Scheres, Michel Goedert
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Sjors H.W. Scheres, Michel Goedert
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3
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Kim YA, Mellen M, Kizil C, Santa-Maria I. Mechanisms linking cerebrovascular dysfunction and tauopathy: Adding a layer of epiregulatory complexity. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:879-895. [PMID: 37926507 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated misfolded tau proteins are found in many neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau pathology can impact cerebrovascular physiology and function through multiple mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function can result in synaptic abnormalities and neuronal damage. In the present review, we will summarize how tau proteostasis dysregulation contributes to vascular dysfunction and, conversely, we will examine the factors and pathways leading to tau pathological alterations triggered by cerebrovascular dysfunction. Finally, we will highlight the role epigenetic and epitranscriptomic factors play in regulating the integrity of the cerebrovascular system and the progression of tauopathy including a few observartions on potential therapeutic interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon A Kim
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marian Mellen
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Tavan M, Hanachi P, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Segura Carretero A, Mirjalili MH. Natural Phenolic Compounds with Neuroprotective Effects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:306-326. [PMID: 37940760 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis that contribute to neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration. Huntington's (HD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are three of the major neurodegenerative diseases. To date, researchers have found various natural phytochemicals that could potentially be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly, the application of natural phenolic compounds has gained significant traction in recent years, driven by their various biological activities and therapeutic efficacy in human health. Polyphenols, by modulating different cellular functions, play an important role in neuroprotection and can neutralize the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and coumarins, as well as their beneficial effects on human health. We further provide an overview of the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of natural dietary phenolics in curing neurodegenerative diseases in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Tavan
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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5
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Kriegesmann J, Brik A. Synthesis of ubiquitinated proteins for biochemical and functional analysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10025-10040. [PMID: 37772107 PMCID: PMC10529715 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in controlling various biological processes such as translation, DNA repair and immune response. Protein degradation for example, is one of the main processes which is controlled by the ubiquitin system and has significant implications on human health. In order to investigate these processes and the roles played by different ubiquitination patterns on biological systems, homogeneously ubiquitinated proteins are needed. Notably, these conjugates that are made enzymatically in cells cannot be easily obtained in large amounts and high homogeneity by employing such strategies. Therefore, chemical and semisynthetic approaches have emerged to prepare different ubiquitinated proteins. In this review, we will present the key synthetic strategies and their applications for the preparation of various ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, the use of these precious conjugates in different biochemical and functional studies will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kriegesmann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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6
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Ciurea AV, Mohan AG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Glavan LA, Corlatescu AD, Saceleanu VM. Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Advances in Understanding Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10809. [PMID: 37445986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are, according to recent studies, one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. Interest in molecular genetics has started to experience exponential growth thanks to numerous advancements in technology, shifts in the understanding of the disease as a phenomenon, and the change in the perspective regarding gene editing and the advantages of this action. The aim of this paper is to analyze the newest approaches in genetics and molecular sciences regarding four of the most important neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We intend through this review to focus on the newest treatment, diagnosis, and predictions regarding this large group of diseases, in order to obtain a more accurate analysis and to identify the emerging signs that could lead to a better outcome in order to increase both the quality and the life span of the patient. Moreover, this review could provide evidence of future possible novel therapies that target the specific genes and that could be useful to be taken into consideration when the classical approaches fail to shed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bihor County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oradea University, 410610 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Horia-Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio-Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu
- Neurosurgery Department, Sibiu County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Neurosurgery Department, "Lucian Blaga" University of Medicine, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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7
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Yadikar H, Johnson C, Pafundi N, Nguyen L, Kurup M, Torres I, Al-Enezy A, Yang Z, Yost R, Kobeissy FH, Wang KKW. Neurobiochemical, Peptidomic, and Bioinformatic Approaches to Characterize Tauopathy Peptidome Biomarker Candidates in Experimental Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2295-2319. [PMID: 36635478 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multidimensional damage, and currently, no FDA-approved medicine is available. Multiple pathways in the cell are triggered through a head injury (e.g., calpain and caspase activation), which truncate tau and generate variable fragment sizes (MW 400-45,000 K). In this study, we used an open-head TBI mouse model generated by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and collected ipsilateral (IC) and contralateral (CC) mice htau brain cortices at one (D1) three (D3), and seven (D7) days post-injury. We implemented immunological (antibody-based detection) and peptidomic approaches (nano-reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry) to investigate proteolytic tau peptidome (low molecular weight (LMW) < 10 K)) and pathological phosphorylation sites (high-molecular-weight (HMW); > 10 K) derived from CCI-TBI animal models. Our immunoblotting analysis verified tau hyperphosphorylation, HMW, and HMW breakdown products (HMW-BDP) formation of tau (e.g., pSer202, pThr181, pThr231, pSer396, and pSer404), following CCI-TBI. Peptidomic data revealed unique sequences of injury-dependent proteolytic peptides generated from human tau protein. Among the N-terminal tau peptides, EIPEGTTAEEAGIGDTPSLEDEAAGHVTQA (a.a. 96-125) and AQPHTEIPEGTTAEEAGIGDTPSLEDEAAGHVTQARM (a.a. 91-127). Examples of tau C-terminal peptides identified include NVSSTGSIDMVDSPQLATLADEVSASLAKQGL (a.a. 410-441) and QLATLADEVSASLAKQGL (a.a. 424-441). Our peptidomic bioinformatic tools showed the association of proteases, such as CAPN1, CAPN2, and CTSL; CASP1, MMP7, and MMP9; and ELANE, GZMA, and MEP1A, in CCI-TBI tau peptidome. In clinical trials for novel TBI treatments, it might be useful to monitor a subset of tau peptidome as targets for biomarker utility and use them for a "theranostic" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Connor Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Niko Pafundi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Milin Kurup
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Isabel Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Albandery Al-Enezy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Richard Yost
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA. .,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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8
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Shimada H, Sato Y, Sasaki T, Shimozawa A, Imaizumi K, Shindo T, Miyao S, Kiyama K, Kondo T, Shibata S, Ishii S, Kuromitsu J, Aoyagi H, Ito D, Okano H. A next-generation iPSC-derived forebrain organoid model of tauopathy with tau fibrils by AAV-mediated gene transfer. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100289. [PMID: 36160042 PMCID: PMC9499998 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the human cellular models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathy can only recapitulate the very early stage of the disease. To overcome these limitations, we developed a technology to make forebrain organoids (FBOs) from feeder-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)s by regulating a FGF2 concentration and applied this method to generate FBOs from patients with familial AD (fAD FBOs). The obtained fAD FBOs recapitulated the amyloid-β pathology and increased tau phosphorylation but not tau aggregates. To fully induce the tau pathology, FBOs were injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-expressing P301L mutant tau. In these Tau-P301L FBOs, tau fibrils were observed in the neuronal cell body and neurites with immunoelectron microscopy, in addition to the sarkosyl-insoluble and thioflavin S-positive phospho-tau aggregates. Collectively, this model can be used as a platform for investigating pathogenetic mechanisms and evaluation of target molecules for drug discovery for tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Aki Shimozawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Miyao
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Ishii
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junro Kuromitsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Eisai-Keio innovation Laboratory for Dementia, hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai Co., Ltd., 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aoyagi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Eisai-Keio innovation Laboratory for Dementia, hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai Co., Ltd., 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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9
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Calabrese G, Molzahn C, Mayor T. Protein interaction networks in neurodegenerative diseases: from physiological function to aggregation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102062. [PMID: 35623389 PMCID: PMC9234719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein inclusions is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases that typically develop in older individuals, due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In rare familial neurodegenerative disorders, genes encoding for aggregation-prone proteins are often mutated. While the underlying mechanism leading to these diseases still remains to be fully elucidated, efforts in the past 20 years revealed a vast network of protein–protein interactions that play a major role in regulating the aggregation of key proteins associated with neurodegeneration. Misfolded proteins that can oligomerize and form insoluble aggregates associate with molecular chaperones and other elements of the proteolytic machineries that are the frontline workers attempting to protect the cells by promoting clearance and preventing aggregation. Proteins that are normally bound to aggregation-prone proteins can become sequestered and mislocalized in protein inclusions, leading to their loss of function. In contrast, mutations, posttranslational modifications, or misfolding of aggregation-prone proteins can lead to gain of function by inducing novel or altered protein interactions, which in turn can impact numerous essential cellular processes and organelles, such as vesicle trafficking and the mitochondria. This review examines our current knowledge of protein–protein interactions involving several key aggregation-prone proteins that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aim to provide an overview of the protein interaction networks that play a central role in driving or mitigating inclusion formation, while highlighting some of the key proteomic studies that helped to uncover the extent of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
| | - Cristen Molzahn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
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10
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Kolkwitz PE, Mohrlüder J, Willbold D. Inhibition of Polyglutamine Misfolding with D-Enantiomeric Peptides Identified by Mirror Image Phage Display Selection. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020157. [PMID: 35204656 PMCID: PMC8961585 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine heritable diseases are known that are caused by unphysiologically elongated polyglutamine tracts in human proteins leading to misfolding, aggregation and neurodegeneration. Current therapeutic strategies include efforts to inhibit the expression of the respective gene coding for the polyglutamine-containing proteins. There are, however, concerns that this may interfere with the physiological function of the respective protein. We aim to stabilize the protein’s native conformation by D-enantiomeric peptide ligands to prevent misfolding and aggregation, shift the equilibrium between aggregates and monomers towards monomers and dissolve already existing aggregates into non-toxic and functional monomers. Here, we performed a mirror image phage display selection on the polyglutamine containing a fragment of the androgen receptor. An elongated polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor causes spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). The selected D-enantiomeric peptides were tested for their ability to inhibit polyglutamine-induced androgen receptor aggregation. We identified D-enantiomeric peptide QF2D-2 (sqsqwstpqGkwshwprrr) as the most promising candidate. It binds to an androgen receptor fragment with 46 consecutive glutamine residues and decelerates its aggregation, even in seeded experiments. Therefore, QF2D-2 may be a promising drug candidate for SBMA treatment or even for all nine heritable polyglutamine diseases, since its aggregation-inhibiting property was shown also for a more general polyglutamine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Elisabeth Kolkwitz
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.E.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jeannine Mohrlüder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.E.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.E.K.); (J.M.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Do Carmo S, Spillantini MG, Cuello AC. Editorial: Tau Pathology in Neurological Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754669. [PMID: 34630315 PMCID: PMC8497747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Stamelou M, Respondek G, Giagkou N, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Evolving concepts in progressive supranuclear palsy and other 4-repeat tauopathies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:601-620. [PMID: 34426686 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are classified according to whether tau deposits predominantly contain tau isoforms with three or four repeats of the microtubule-binding domain. Those in which four-repeat (4R) tau predominates are known as 4R-tauopathies, and include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, globular glial tauopathies and conditions associated with specific MAPT mutations. In these diseases, 4R-tau deposits are found in various cell types and anatomical regions of the brain and the conditions share pathological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Despite being considered 'prototype' tauopathies and, therefore, ideal for studying neuroprotective agents, 4R-tauopathies are still severe and untreatable diseases for which no validated biomarkers exist. However, advances in research have addressed the issues of phenotypic overlap, early clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and identification of biomarkers, setting a road map towards development of treatments. New clinical criteria have been developed and large cohorts with early disease are being followed up in prospective studies. New clinical trial readouts are emerging and biomarker research is focused on molecular pathways that have been identified. Lessons learned from failed trials of neuroprotective drugs are being used to design new trials. In this Review, we present an overview of the latest research in 4R-tauopathies, with a focus on progressive supranuclear palsy, and discuss how current evidence dictates ongoing and future research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece. .,European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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13
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Long Z, Irish M, Hodges JR, Halliday G, Piguet O, Burrell JR. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis features predict TDP-43 pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:11-20. [PMID: 34371283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and pathological heterogeneity is common in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology. This investigated clinical or imaging characteristics that differentiate FTLD-TDP from FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP subtypes from each other, or pathological stages of FTLD-TDP. Initial clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristics were compared between pathologically defined FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP groups. Voxel-based morphometry analyses contrasted grey matter atrophy patterns. Twenty-six FTLD-TDP, 28 FTLD-tau and 78 controls were included. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis features, when present, were highly specific FTLD-TDP, which displayed greater cortical and subcortical atrophy than FTLD-tau. FTLD-TDP-43 type B had significantly shorter survival than type A. Type A patients were more cognitively impaired than type B, and basal ganglia atrophy appeared to distinguish type A from type B. Age at onset and survival duration were comparable between stages II and IV. In conclusion, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis features may be useful in distinguishing FTLD-TDP from FTLD-tau. TDP-43 type A and B appear to present with distinct profiles. The relationship between clinical features and pathological staging in FTLD-TDP-43 is complex, and TDP-43 subtyping may have more clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muireann Irish
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James R Burrell
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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14
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Carlson GA, Prusiner SB. How an Infection of Sheep Revealed Prion Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4861. [PMID: 34064393 PMCID: PMC8125442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is not yet universally accepted that all neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are prion disorders, there is little disagreement that Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and other NDs are a consequence of protein misfolding, aggregation, and spread. This widely accepted perspective arose from the prion hypothesis, which resulted from investigations on scrapie, a common transmissible disease of sheep and goats. The prion hypothesis argued that the causative infectious agent of scrapie was a novel proteinaceous pathogen devoid of functional nucleic acids and distinct from viruses, viroids, and bacteria. At the time, it seemed impossible that an infectious agent like the one causing scrapie could replicate and exist as diverse microbiological strains without nucleic acids. However, aggregates of a misfolded host-encoded protein, designated the prion protein (PrP), were shown to be the cause of scrapie as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), which are similar NDs in humans. This review discusses historical research on diseases caused by PrP misfolding, emphasizing principles of pathogenesis that were later found to be core features of other NDs. For example, the discovery that familial prion diseases can be caused by mutations in PrP was important for understanding prion replication and disease susceptibility not only for rare PrP diseases but also for far more common NDs involving other proteins. We compare diseases caused by misfolding and aggregation of APP-derived Aβ peptides, tau, and α-synuclein with PrP prion disorders and argue for the classification of NDs caused by misfolding of these proteins as prion diseases. Deciphering the molecular pathogenesis of NDs as prion-mediated has provided new approaches for finding therapies for these intractable, invariably fatal disorders and has revolutionized the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Carlson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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15
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Bell M, Zempel H. SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: a human neuronal model system for investigating TAU sorting and neuronal subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:1-15. [PMID: 33866701 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) TAU is mainly sorted into the axon of healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cause, consequence and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also because of the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for (i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and (ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. (I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six human brain isoforms and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As SH-SY5Y cells are highly proliferative and readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are feasible. (II) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons display features of subcortical neurons early affected in many tauopathies. This allows analyzing brain region-specific differences in TAU physiology, also in the context of differential vulnerability to TAU pathology. However, several limitations should be considered when using SH-SY5Y-derived neurons, e.g., the lack of clearly defined neuronal subtypes, or the difficulty of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors in vitro. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931Cologne, Germany
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16
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Gui W, Davidson GA, Zhuang Z. Chemical methods for protein site-specific ubiquitination. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:450-467. [PMID: 34381999 PMCID: PMC8323803 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important protein post-translational modification regulating many cellular processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitination is catalyzed by a three-enzyme cascade resulting in the conjugation of the C-terminal carboxylate of ubiquitin (Ub) to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue in the acceptor protein via an isopeptide bond. In vitro enzymatic ubiquitination utilizing Ub ligases has been successfully employed to generate Ub dimers and polymers. However, limitations of the enzymatic approach exist, particularly due to the requirement of specific Ub ligase for any given target protein and the low catalytic efficiency of the Ub ligase. To achieve an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of Ub signaling, new methods are needed to generate mono- and poly-ubiquitinated proteins at a specific site with defined polyubiquitin chain linkage and length. Chemical methods offer an attractive solution to the above-described challenges. In this review, we summarize the recently developed chemical methods for generating ubiquitinated proteins using synthetic and semisynthetic approaches. These new tools and approaches, as an important part of the Ub toolbox, are crucial to our understanding and exploitation of the Ub system for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware 214A Drake Hall Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Gregory A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware 214A Drake Hall Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware 214A Drake Hall Newark DE 19716 USA
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17
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Mega A, Galluzzi S, Bonvicini C, Fostinelli S, Gennarelli M, Geroldi C, Zanetti O, Benussi L, Di Maria E, Frisoni GB. Genetic counselling and testing for inherited dementia: single-centre evaluation of the consensus Italian DIAfN protocol. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:152. [PMID: 33203472 PMCID: PMC7670800 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background A consensus protocol for genetic counselling and testing of familial dementia, the Italian Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s and Frontotemporal Network (IT-DIAfN) protocol, has been developed in Italy by a network of expert dementia centres. The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of the genetic counselling and testing process, as undertaken according to the IT-DIAfN protocol in one of the IT-DIAfN dementia research centres. Methods The protocol was tested by a multidisciplinary team at the IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy, on affected individuals with suspected inherited forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and to healthy at-risk relatives. The genetic counselling and testing process consisted of (i) pre-test consultation and psychological assessment (ii) genetic testing, (iii) genetic test result disclosure and (iv) follow-up consultation and psychological assessment. Results Twenty affected individuals from 17 families fulfilled the family history criteria of the IT-DIAfN protocol for suspected inherited dementia (17 for AD, 2 for FTD, 1 for inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia) and were included in the protocol. Nineteen out of 20 affected individuals received the genetic test result (one left after the pre-test consultation being not ready to cope with an unfavourable outcome). A pathogenic mutation was found in 6 affected individuals (1 in PSEN1, 2 in PSEN2, 1 in GRN, 1 in MAPT, 1 in VCP). Eleven healthy at-risk relatives asked to undergo predictive testing and were included in the protocol. Three completed the protocol, including follow-up; one did not ask for the genetic test result after genetic testing; and eight withdrew before the genetic testing, mainly due to an increased awareness about the possible consequences of an unfavourable test result. To date, no catastrophic reactions were reported at the follow-up. Conclusions Our case series shows that a structured genetic counselling and testing protocol for inherited dementia can be implemented in both affected individuals and at-risk relatives in a research setting. The procedure was shown to be safe in terms of occurrence of catastrophic events. A formal validation in larger cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mega
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Geroldi
- Alzheimer's Unit - Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Alzheimer's Unit - Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emilio Di Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. .,Unit of Medical Genetics, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
Prions were initially discovered in studies of scrapie, a transmissible neurodegenerative disease (ND) of sheep and goats thought to be caused by slow viruses. Once scrapie was transmitted to rodents, it was discovered that the scrapie pathogen resisted inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids. Eventually, this novel pathogen proved to be a protein of 209 amino acids, which is encoded by a chromosomal gene. After the absence of a nucleic acid within the scrapie agent was established, the mechanism of infectivity posed a conundrum and eliminated a hypothetical virus. Subsequently, the infectious scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) enriched for β-sheet was found to be generated from the cellular prion protein (PrPC) that is predominantly α-helical. The post-translational process that features in nascent prion formation involves a templated conformational change in PrPC that results in an infectious copy of PrPSc. Thus, prions are proteins that adopt alternative conformations, which are self-propagating and found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Prions have been found in both Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Mutations in APP and α-synuclein genes have been shown to cause familial AD and PD. Recently, AD was found to be a double prion disorder: both Aβ and tau prions feature in this ND. Increasing evidence argues for α-synuclein prions as the cause of PD, multiple system atrophy, and Lewy body dementia.
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19
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VandeVrede L, Ljubenkov PA, Rojas JC, Welch AE, Boxer AL. Four-Repeat Tauopathies: Current Management and Future Treatments. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1563-1581. [PMID: 32676851 PMCID: PMC7851277 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Four-repeat tauopathies are a neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain parenchymal accumulation of a specific isoform of the protein tau, which gives rise to a wide breadth of clinical syndromes encompassing diverse symptomatology, with the most common syndromes being progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson's and corticobasal syndrome. Despite the lack of effective disease-modifying therapies, targeted treatment of symptoms can improve quality of life for patients with 4-repeat tauopathies. However, managing these symptoms can be a daunting task, even for those familiar with the diseases, as they span motor, sensory, cognitive, affective, autonomic, and behavioral domains. This review describes current approaches to symptomatic management of common clinical symptoms in 4-repeat tauopathies with a focus on practical patient management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies, and concludes with a discussion of the history and future of disease-modifying therapeutics and clinical trials in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren VandeVrede
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Peter A Ljubenkov
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ariane E Welch
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Exploring IDP-Ligand Interactions: tau K18 as A Test Case. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155257. [PMID: 32722166 PMCID: PMC7432903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have emerged as a biologically important class of proteins, many of which are of therapeutic relevance. Here, we investigated the interactions between a model IDP system, tau K18, and nine literature compounds that have been reported as having an effect on tau in order to identify a robust IDP–ligand system for the optimization of a range of biophysical methods. We used NMR, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) methods to investigate the binding of these compounds to tau K18; only one showed unambiguous interaction with tau K18. Several near neighbors of this compound were synthesized and their interactions with tau K18 characterized using additional NMR methods, including 1D ligand-observed NMR, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and 19F NMR. This study demonstrates that it is possible to detect and characterize IDP–ligand interactions using biophysical methods. However, care must be taken to account for possible artefacts, particularly the impact of compound solubility and where the protein has to be immobilized.
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21
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VandeVrede L, Boxer AL, Polydoro M. Targeting tau: Clinical trials and novel therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:134919. [PMID: 32380145 PMCID: PMC9212860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of over 20 clinicopathological neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, among others. Tauopathies are defined by neurodegeneration and the presence of tau aggregates in affected brains regions. Interestingly, regional tau aggregation burden correlates with clinical phenotype and predicts cognitive status. Autosomal dominant mutations in the MAPT gene lead to tau deposition and clinical FTD syndromes with cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairment. Polymorphisms in or around the MAPT gene have also been strongly linked to other proteinopathies including synucleinopathies. Taken together these findings suggests that tau plays a critical role in neurodegeneration and proteinopathies, supporting the idea that tau targeted approaches can be disease-modifying and lead to clinically meaningful benefits in slowing or reversing disease progression. Increasingly, human clinical trials are testing this hypothesis. This article reviews tau-targeted therapies tested in clinical trials as well as agents currently in active development based on publicly disclosed information. We describe the therapeutic approaches of these trials based on the potential pathogenic mechanism they target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren VandeVrede
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Aoyagi A, Condello C, Stöhr J, Yue W, Rivera BM, Lee JC, Woerman AL, Halliday G, van Duinen S, Ingelsson M, Lannfelt L, Graff C, Bird TD, Keene CD, Seeley WW, DeGrado WF, Prusiner SB. Aβ and tau prion-like activities decline with longevity in the Alzheimer's disease human brain. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/490/eaat8462. [PMID: 31043574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. We developed sensitive cellular assays using human embryonic kidney-293T cells to quantify intracellular self-propagating conformers of Aβ in brain samples from patients with AD or other neurodegenerative diseases. Postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD had measurable amounts of pathological Aβ conformers. Individuals over 80 years of age had the lowest amounts of prion-like Aβ and phosphorylated tau. Unexpectedly, the longevity-dependent decrease in self-propagating tau conformers occurred in spite of increasing amounts of total insoluble tau. When corrected for the abundance of insoluble tau, the ability of postmortem AD brain homogenates to induce misfolded tau in the cellular assays showed an exponential decrease with longevity, with a half-life of about one decade over the age range of 37 to 99 years. Thus, our findings demonstrate an inverse correlation between longevity in patients with AD and the abundance of pathological tau conformers. Our cellular assays can be applied to patient selection for clinical studies and the development of new drugs and diagnostics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Aoyagi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jan Stöhr
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weizhou Yue
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brianna M Rivera
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joanne C Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amanda L Woerman
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- NeuRA and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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23
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Abstract
Tau protein which was discovered in 1975 [310] became of great interest when it was identified as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological feature in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [39, 110, 232]. Tau protein is expressed mainly in the brain as six isoforms generated by alternative splicing [46, 97]. Tau is a microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and plays a role in microtubules assembly and stability, as well as diverse cellular processes such as cell morphogenesis, cell division, and intracellular trafficking [49]. Additionally, Tau is involved in much larger neuronal functions particularly at the level of synapses and nuclei [11, 133, 280]. Tau is also physiologically released by neurons [233] even if the natural function of extracellular Tau remains to be uncovered (see other chapters of the present book).
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24
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Albert M, Mairet-Coello G, Danis C, Lieger S, Caillierez R, Carrier S, Skrobala E, Landrieu I, Michel A, Schmitt M, Citron M, Downey P, Courade JP, Buée L, Colin M. Prevention of tau seeding and propagation by immunotherapy with a central tau epitope antibody. Brain 2020; 142:1736-1750. [PMID: 31038156 PMCID: PMC6536853 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the intraneuronal accumulation of aggregated tau. The staging of this neurodegenerative process is well established for Alzheimer’s disease as well as for other tauopathies. The stereotypical pattern of tau pathology in these diseases is consistent with the hypothesis that the tau protein can spread in a ‘prion-like’ manner. It proposes that extracellular pathological tau species can transmit pathology from cell to cell. Accordingly, by targeting these spreading species with therapeutic antibodies one should be able to slow or halt the progression of tau pathology. To be effective, antibodies should neutralize the pathological species present in Alzheimer’s disease brains and block their cell-to-cell spread. To evaluate both aspects, tau antibody D, which recognizes an epitope in the central region of tau, and was selected for its outstanding ability to block tau seeding in cell based assays, was used in this study. Here, we addressed two fundamental questions: (i) can this anti-tau antibody neutralize the pathological species present in Alzheimer’s disease brains; and (ii) can it block the cell-to-cell spread of tau seeds in vivo? First, antibody D effectively prevented the induction of tau pathology in the brains of transgenic mice that had been injected with human Alzheimer’s disease brain extracts, showing that it could effectively neutralize the pathological species present in these extracts. Second, by using K18 P301L tau fibrils to induce pathology, we further demonstrated that antibody D was also capable of blocking the progression of tau pathology to distal brain regions. In contrast, an amino-terminal tau antibody, which was less effective at blocking tau seeding in vitro showed less efficacy in reducing Alzheimer’s disease patient tau driven pathology in the transgenic mouse model. We did not address whether the same is true for a spectrum of other amino-terminal antibodies that were tested in vitro. These data highlight important differences between tau antibodies and, when taken together with other recently published data, suggest that epitope may be important for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Albert
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | | | - Clément Danis
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Lieger
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Carrier
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Skrobala
- Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France.,CHU-Lille, CMRR, Lille, France.,CHU-Lille, EA2694, Department of biostatistics, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Anne Michel
- UCB Biopharma, Chemin du Forest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Citron
- UCB Biopharma, Chemin du Forest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrick Downey
- UCB Biopharma, Chemin du Forest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France.,CHU-Lille, CMRR, Lille, France
| | - Morvane Colin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France.,CHU-Lille, CMRR, Lille, France
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25
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Monoaminergic and Kynurenergic Characterization of Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1191-1201. [PMID: 32130630 PMCID: PMC7162843 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the neurochemical continuum between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with respect to monoamines and kynurenines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, may be useful to identify possible new research/therapeutic targets. Hence, we analysed monoamines and kynurenines in CSF and serum derived from patients with FTD (n = 39), ALS (n = 23), FTD-ALS (n = 4) and age-matched control subjects (n = 26), using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We noted a shared dopaminergic disturbance in FTD and ALS when compared to CONTR, with significantly increased serum DA levels and decreased DOPAC concentrations, as well as decreased DOPAC/DA ratios in both disease groups. In CSF, significantly reduced DOPAC concentrations in FTD and ALS were observed as well. Here, a significant increase in DA levels and decrease in DOPAC/DA ratios was only found in FTD relative to CONTR. With respect to the kynurenine pathway (KP), we only found decreased HK/XA ratios, indicative for vitamin B6 status, in serum of ALS subjects compared to FTD. The dopaminergic commonalities observed in FTD and ALS might relate to a disturbance of dopaminergic nerve terminals in projection areas of the substantia nigra and/or ventral tegmental area, although these findings should first be confirmed in brain tissue. Lastly, based on the results of this work, the KP does not hold promise as a research/therapeutic target in FTD and ALS.
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26
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Nassor F, Jarray R, Biard DSF, Maïza A, Papy-Garcia D, Pavoni S, Deslys JP, Yates F. Long Term Gene Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids to Model a Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:14. [PMID: 32116560 PMCID: PMC7026130 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoids (mini-brains) consist of self-organized three-dimensional (3D) neural tissue which can be derived from reprogrammed adult cells and maintained for months in culture. These 3D structures manifest substantial potential for the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases and pave the way for personalized medicine. However, as these 3D brain models can express the whole human genetic complexity, it is critical to have access to isogenic mini-brains that only differ in specific and controlled genetic variables. Genetic engineering based on retroviral vectors is incompatible with the long-term modeling needed here and implies a risk of random integration while methods using CRISPR-Cas9 are still too complex to adapt to stem cells. We demonstrate in this study that our strategy which relies on an episomal plasmid vector derived from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) offers a simple and robust approach, avoiding the remaining caveats of mini-brain models. For this proof-of-concept, we used a normal tau protein with a fluorescent tag and a mutant genetic form (P301S) leading to Fronto-Temporal Dementia. Isogenic cell lines were obtained which were stable for more than 30 passages expressing either form. We show that the presence of the plasmid in the cells does not interfere with the mini-brain differentiation protocol and obtain the development of a pathologically relevant phenotype in cerebral organoids, with pathological hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. Such a simple and versatile genetic strategy opens up the full potential of human organoids to contribute to disease modeling, personalized medicine and testing of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Nassor
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Rafika Jarray
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis S F Biard
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Auriane Maïza
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (Gly-CRRET), UPEC 4397, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (Gly-CRRET), UPEC 4397, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Serena Pavoni
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frank Yates
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
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27
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Fernández-Nogales M, Lucas JJ. Altered Levels and Isoforms of Tau and Nuclear Membrane Invaginations in Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:574. [PMID: 32009905 PMCID: PMC6978886 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early reports of neurofibrillary Tau pathology in brains of some Huntington’s disease (HD) patients, mounting evidence of multiple alterations of Tau in HD brain tissue has emerged in recent years. Such Tau alterations range from increased total levels, imbalance of isoforms generated by alternative splicing (increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio) or by post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation or truncation. Besides, the detection in HD brains of a new Tau histopathological hallmark known as Tau nuclear rods (TNRs) or Tau-positive nuclear indentations (TNIs) led to propose HD as a secondary Tauopathy. After their discovery in HD brains, TNIs have also been reported in hippocampal neurons of early Braak stage AD cases and in frontal and temporal cortical neurons of FTD-MAPT cases due to the intronic IVS10+16 mutation in the Tau gene (MAPT) which results in an increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio similar to that observed in HD. TNIs are likely pathogenic for contributing to the disturbed nucleocytoplasmic transport observed in HD. A key question is whether correction of any of the mentioned Tau alterations might have positive therapeutic implications for HD. The beneficial effect of decreasing Tau expression in HD mouse models clearly implicates Tau in HD pathogenesis. Such beneficial effect might be exerted by diminishing the excess total levels of Tau or specifically by diminishing the excess 4R-Tau, as well as any of their downstream effects. In any case, since gene silencing drugs are under development to attenuate both Huntingtin (HTT) expression for HD and MAPT expression for FTD-MAPT, it is conceivable that the combined therapy in HD patients might be more effective than HTT silencing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)(CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Wang C, Holtzman DM. Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease: role of amyloid, tau, and other factors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:104-120. [PMID: 31408876 PMCID: PMC6879647 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As we age, we experience changes in our nighttime sleep and daytime wakefulness. Individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can develop sleep problems even before memory and other cognitive deficits are reported. As the disease progresses and cognitive changes ensue, sleep disturbances become even more debilitating. Thus, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of the relationship between sleep and AD pathogenesis. We postulate a bidirectional relationship between sleep and the neuropathological hallmarks of AD; in particular, the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Our research group has shown that extracellular levels of both Aβ and tau fluctuate during the normal sleep-wake cycle. Disturbed sleep and increased wakefulness acutely lead to increased Aβ production and decreased Aβ clearance, whereas Aβ aggregation and deposition is enhanced by chronic increased wakefulness in animal models. Once Aβ accumulates, there is evidence in both mice and humans that this results in disturbed sleep. New findings from our group reveal that acute sleep deprivation increases levels of tau in mouse brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and chronic sleep deprivation accelerates the spread of tau protein aggregates in neural networks. Finally, recent evidence also suggests that accumulation of tau aggregates in the brain correlates with decreased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the AD and sleep literature and then highlight recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between sleep and AD pathogenesis. Importantly, the effects of the bidirectional relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and tau have not been previously discussed in other reviews on this topic. Lastly, we provide possible directions for future studies on the role of sleep in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, with progressive impairment of behavior and language. They can be closely related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, clinically and through shared genetics and similar pathology. Approximately 40% of people with frontotemporal dementia report a family history of dementia, motor neuron disease or parkinsonism, and half of these familial cases are attributed to mutations in three genes (C9orf72, MAPT and PGRN). Akinetic-rigidity is a common feature in several types of frontotemporal dementia, particularly the behavioral variant and the non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia, and the familial dementias. The majority of patients develop a degree of parkinsonism during the course of the illness, and signs may be present at the time of initial diagnosis. However, the parkinsonism of frontotemporal dementia is very different from that observed in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: it may be symmetric, axial, and poorly responsive to levodopa. Tremor is uncommon, and may be postural, action or occasionally rest tremor. The emergence of parkinsonism is often part of an evolving phenotype, in which frontotemporal dementia comes to resemble corticobasal syndrome or progressive supranuclear palsy. This chapter describes the prevalence and phenomenology of parkinsonism in each of the major syndromes, and according to the common genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia. We discuss the changing nosology and terminology surrounding the diagnoses, and the significance of parkinsonism as a core feature of frontotemporal dementia, relevant to clinical management and the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia and Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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30
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Nan H, Takaki R, Shimozono K, Ichinose Y, Koh K, Takiyama Y. Clinical and Genetic Study of the First Japanese FTDP-17 Patient with a Mutation of +3 in Intron 10 in the MAPT Gene. Intern Med 2019; 58:2397-2400. [PMID: 30996196 PMCID: PMC6746651 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2761-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) with mutations in the MAPT gene is a hereditary neurodegenerative tauopathy with various clinical phenotypes. We herein report the first Japanese patient with FTDP-17 caused by an IVS10+3G>A mutation in the MAPT gene, which is linked to an H1M haplotype. The present study suggests that the IVS10+3G>A mutation in the MAPT gene can have originated from a non-Caucasian population. In the disease course, myoclonus and respiratory failure can be observed. This study may expand on the clinical and genetic findings for FTDP-17 with mutations in the MAPT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Shimozono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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31
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Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Pham J, Alcalay RN, Frazier A, Shorr E, Carpenter C, Sidney J, Dhanwani R, Agin-Liebes J, Garretti F, Amara AW, Standaert DG, Phillips EJ, Mallal SA, Peters B, Sulzer D, Sette A. Widespread Tau-Specific CD4 T Cell Reactivity in the General Population. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:84-92. [PMID: 31085590 PMCID: PMC6581570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein is found to be aggregated and hyperphosphorylated (p-tau) in many neurologic disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD) and related parkinsonisms, Alzheimer disease, traumatic brain injury, and even in normal aging. Although not known to produce autoimmune responses, we hypothesized that the appearance of aggregated tau and p-tau with disease could activate the immune system. We thus compared T cell responses to tau and p-tau-derived peptides between PD patients, age-matched healthy controls, and young healthy controls (<35 y old; who are less likely to have high levels of tau aggregates). All groups exhibited CD4+ T cell responses to tau-derived peptides, which were associated with secretion of IFN-γ, IL-5, and/or IL-4. The PD and control participants exhibited a similar magnitude and breadth of responses. Some tau-derived epitopes, consisting of both unmodified and p-tau residues, were more highly represented in PD participants. These results were verified in an independent set of PD and control donors (either age-matched or young controls). Thus, T cells recognizing tau epitopes escape central and peripheral tolerance in relatively high numbers, and the magnitude and nature of these responses are not modulated by age or PD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Pham
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Evan Shorr
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chelsea Carpenter
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Julian Agin-Liebes
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Francesca Garretti
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; and
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; and
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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32
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Malcolm JC, Breuillaud L, Do Carmo S, Hall H, Welikovitch LA, Macdonald JA, Goedert M, Cuello AC. Neuropathological changes and cognitive deficits in rats transgenic for human mutant tau recapitulate human tauopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:323-338. [PMID: 30905766 PMCID: PMC6597947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of tau protein into abnormal filaments and brain cell degeneration are characteristic of a number of human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Several murine models have been generated to better understand the mechanisms contributing to tau assembly and neurodegeneration. Taking advantage of the more elaborate central nervous system and higher cognitive abilities of the rat, we generated a model expressing the longest human tau isoform (2N4R) with the P301S mutation. This transgenic rat line, R962-hTau, exhibits the main features of human tauopathies, such as: age-dependent increase in inclusions comprised of aggregated-tau, neuronal loss, global neurodegeneration as reflected by brain atrophy and ventricular dilation, alterations in astrocytic and microglial morphology, and myelin loss. In addition, substantial deficits across multiple memory and learning paradigms, including novel object recognition, fear conditioning and Morris water maze tasks, were observed at the time of advanced tauopathy. These results support the concept that progressive tauopathy correlates with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice C Malcolm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Lionel Breuillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hélène Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Welikovitch
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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33
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Areche C, Zapata F, González M, Díaz E, Montecinos R, Hernández M, Melo F, Cornejo A. Anthraquinone Derivative Reduces Tau Oligomer Progression by Inhibiting Cysteine-Cysteine Interaction. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:554-559. [PMID: 31065505 PMCID: PMC6496470 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a natively unfolded protein whose primary role is to participate in axonal transport closely associated with microtubules. Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies involved tau protein that is found hyperphosphorylated in vivo; then, tau is detached from microtubules to form toxic aggregates or oligomers, which have a deleterious effect on membranes, triggering an inflammatory response. Considering finding tau inhibitors, we isolated two compounds in the ethyl acetate extract from Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr; ergosterol peroxide (1) and a new anthraquinone (2). We established the structure through spectroscopic data and biogenic considerations, and we named it "2-hydroxy-3-((8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinonyl)oxy)propanoic acid". This new anthraquinone was evaluated as a tau inhibitor by ThT fluorescence, dot blot assays and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Our results strongly suggest that this anthraquinone remodels soluble oligomers and diminishes β-sheet content. Moreover, through the fluorescence labeling of cysteine inside of the microtubule-binding domain (4R), we showed that this anthraquinone could reduce the oligomers progression by inhibiting cysteine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 34257800003Santiago-Chile
| | - Francisca Zapata
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | - Mathias González
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | | | - Marcos Hernández
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 34257800003Santiago-Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de FísicaAvenida Ecuador 34939170124Santiago-Chile
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
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Logroscino G, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Sardone R, Capozzo R, Battista P, Zecca C, Dibello V, Giannelli G, Bellomo A, Greco A, Daniele A, Seripa D, Panza F. Promising therapies for the treatment of frontotemporal dementia clinical phenotypes: from symptomatic to disease-modifying drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1091-1107. [PMID: 31002267 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1598377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinical entity that includes several disorders characterized by different cellular mechanisms. Distinctive clinical features in FTD include behavioral, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Unfortunately, little progress has been made over the past 20 years in terms of the development of effective disease-modifying drugs with the currently available symptomatic treatments having limited clinical utility. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the principal pharmacological intervention studies for FTD. These are predominantly randomized clinical trials and include symptomatic treatments and potential disease-modifying drugs. EXPERT OPINION There is insufficient evidence on effective treatments for FTD and studies with better methodological backgrounds are needed. Most studies reporting therapeutic benefits were conducted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, while anti-dementia drugs have been ineffective in FTD. Since the underlying pathology of FTD mostly consists of abnormal tau protein or TDP-43 aggregates, treatments are being developed to interfere with their aggregation process or with the clearance of these proteins. Furthermore, disease-modifying treatments remain years away as demonstrated by the recent negative Phase III findings of a tau aggregation inhibitor (LMTM) for treating the behavioral variant of FTD. The results from current ongoing Phase I/II trials will hopefully give light to future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Logroscino
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- c Department of Research and Development , Chiesi Farmaceutici , Parma , Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- d National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" , Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte Bari , Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy
| | - Petronilla Battista
- e Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS , Institute of Cassano Murge , Bari , Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- d National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" , Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte Bari , Italy.,f Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry , University of Bari AldoMoro , Bari , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- d National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" , Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte Bari , Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- g Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- h Geriatric Unit , Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- i Institute of Neurology , Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,j Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- h Geriatric Unit , Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy.,d National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" , Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte Bari , Italy.,h Geriatric Unit , Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
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Woerman AL, Oehler A, Kazmi SA, Lee J, Halliday GM, Middleton LT, Gentleman SM, Mordes DA, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Olson SH, Prusiner SB. Multiple system atrophy prions retain strain specificity after serial propagation in two different Tg(SNCA*A53T) mouse lines. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:437-454. [PMID: 30690664 PMCID: PMC6454887 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that intracranial inoculation of brain homogenate from multiple system atrophy (MSA) patient samples produces neurological disease in the transgenic (Tg) mouse model TgM83+/-, which uses the prion protein promoter to express human α-synuclein harboring the A53T mutation found in familial Parkinson's disease (PD). In our studies, we inoculated MSA and control patient samples into Tg mice constructed using a P1 artificial chromosome to express wild-type (WT), A30P, and A53T human α-synuclein on a mouse α-synuclein knockout background [Tg(SNCA+/+)Nbm, Tg(SNCA*A30P+/+)Nbm, and Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm]. In contrast to studies using TgM83+/- mice, motor deficits were not observed by 330-400 days in any of the Tg(SNCA)Nbm mice after inoculation with MSA brain homogenates. However, using a cell-based bioassay to measure α-synuclein prions, we found brain homogenates from Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm mice inoculated with MSA patient samples contained α-synuclein prions, whereas control mice did not. Moreover, these α-synuclein aggregates retained the biological and biochemical characteristics of the α-synuclein prions in MSA patient samples. Intriguingly, Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm mice developed α-synuclein pathology in neurons and astrocytes throughout the limbic system. This finding is in contrast to MSA-inoculated TgM83+/- mice, which develop exclusively neuronal α-synuclein aggregates in the hindbrain that cause motor deficits with advanced disease. In a crossover experiment, we inoculated TgM83+/- mice with brain homogenate from two MSA patient samples or one control sample first inoculated, or passaged, in Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm animals. Additionally, we performed the reverse experiment by inoculating Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm mice with brain homogenate from the same two MSA samples and one control sample first passaged in TgM83+/- animals. The TgM83+/- mice inoculated with mouse-passaged MSA developed motor dysfunction and α-synuclein prions, whereas the mouse-passaged control sample had no effect. Similarly, the mouse-passaged MSA samples induced α-synuclein prion formation in Tg(SNCA*A53T+/+)Nbm mice, but the mouse-passaged control sample did not. The confirmed transmission of α-synuclein prions to a second synucleinopathy model and the ability to propagate prions between two distinct mouse lines while retaining strain-specific properties provides compelling evidence that MSA is a prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Woerman
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabeen A Kazmi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Lefkos T Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology Research, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steve M Gentleman
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel A Mordes
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Olson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cheran G, Wu L, Lee S, Manoochehri M, Cines S, Fallon E, Lynch T, Heidebrink J, Paulson H, Goldman J, Huey E, Cosentino S. Cognitive Indicators of Preclinical Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia in MAPT Carriers. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:184-194. [PMID: 30458895 PMCID: PMC6374161 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cognitive indicators of preclinical behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) have not been identified. To investigate these indicators, we compared cross-sectional performance on a range of cognitive measures in 12 carriers of pathogenic MAPT mutations not meeting diagnostic criteria for bvFTD (i.e., preclinical) versus 32 demographically-matched familial non-carriers (n = 44). Studying preclinical carriers offers a rare glimpse into emergent disease, environmentally and genetically contextualized through comparison to familial controls. METHODS Evaluating personnel blinded to carrier status administered a standardized neuropsychological battery assessing attention, speed, executive function, language, memory, spatial ability, and social cognition. Results from mixed effect modeling were corrected for multiplicity of comparison by the false discovery rate method, and results were considered significant at p < .05. To control for potential interfamilial variation arising from enrollment of six families, family was treated as a random effect, while carrier status, age, gender, and education were treated as fixed effects. RESULTS Group differences were detected in 17 of 31 cognitive scores and spanned all domains except spatial ability. As hypothesized, carriers performed worse on specific measures of executive function, and social cognition, but also on measures of attention, speed, semantic processing, and memory storage and retrieval. CONCLUSIONS Most notably, group differences arose on measures of memory storage, challenging long-standing ideas about the absence of amnestic features on neuropsychological testing in early bvFTD. Current findings provide important and clinically relevant information about specific measures that may be sensitive to early bvFTD, and advance understanding of neurocognitive changes that occur early in the disease. (JINS, 2019, 25, 184-194).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Cheran
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Liwen Wu
- Columbia University, Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Columbia University, Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Masood Manoochehri
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Cines
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
- Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ
| | - Emer Fallon
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Henry Paulson
- The University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jill Goldman
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Edward Huey
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry & New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Columbia University, Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
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Seynnaeve D, Vecchio MD, Fruhmann G, Verelst J, Cools M, Beckers J, Mulvihill DP, Winderickx J, Franssens V. Recent Insights on Alzheimer's Disease Originating from Yeast Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1947. [PMID: 29970827 PMCID: PMC6073265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, yeast model-based research advances regarding the role of Amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau and frameshift Ubiquitin UBB+1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are discussed. Despite having limitations with regard to intercellular and cognitive AD aspects, these models have clearly shown their added value as complementary models for the study of the molecular aspects of these proteins, including their interplay with AD-related cellular processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction and altered proteostasis. Moreover, these yeast models have also shown their importance in translational research, e.g., in compound screenings and for AD diagnostics development. In addition to well-established Saccharomyces cerevisiae models, new upcoming Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis yeast models for Aβ and Tau are briefly described. Finally, traditional and more innovative research methodologies, e.g., for studying protein oligomerization/aggregation, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seynnaeve
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gernot Fruhmann
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joke Verelst
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Melody Cools
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daniel P Mulvihill
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK.
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Choudhary B, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM, Pir GJ. Glutamatergic nervous system degeneration in a C. elegans Tau A152T tauopathy model involves pathways of excitotoxicity and Ca 2+ dysregulation. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:189-202. [PMID: 29894752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Tau (MAPT-microtubule-associated protein tau) cause a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. A recently identified Tau variant, p.A152T, has been reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia-related disorders and Alzheimer disease. However, the mechanism for the pathologies still remain poorly understood. Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing mutant 2N4R-TauA152T (TauAT) panneuronally show locomotor defects, neurodegeneration and accelerated aging. Here we report that, in TauAT animals, the glutamatergic nervous system is at a high risk of progressive neuronal loss. We present genetic data that this loss occurs predominantly through necrosis. The neuronal loss is caused by several determinants, such as altered adenylyl cyclase (type AC9) pathway, prevalence of excitotoxicity-like conditions, aging-related factors and finally dyshomeostasis of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms involved in selective loss of glutamatergic neurons in a TauAT tauopathy model which could point to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Wang X, Smith K, Pearson M, Hughes A, Cosden ML, Marcus J, Hess JF, Savage MJ, Rosahl T, Smith SM, Schachter JB, Uslaner JM. Early intervention of tau pathology prevents behavioral changes in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195486. [PMID: 29624602 PMCID: PMC5889169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tau pathology, behavioral deficits, and neuronal loss are observed in patients with tauopathies, the relationship between these endpoints has not been clearly established. Here we found that rTg4510 mice, which overexpress human mutant tau in the forebrain, develop progressive age-dependent increases in locomotor activity (LMA), which correlates with neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology, hyperphosphorylated tau levels, and brain atrophy. To further clarify the relationship between these endpoints, we treated the rTg4510 mice with either doxycycline to reduce mutant tau expression or an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor Thiamet G, which has been shown to ameliorate tau pathology in animal models. We found that both doxycycline and Thiamet G treatments starting at 2 months of age prevented the progression of hyperactivity, slowed brain atrophy, and reduced brain hyperphosphorylated tau. In contrast, initiating doxycycline treatment at 4 months reduced neither brain hyperphosphorylated tau nor hyperactivity, further confirming the relationship between these measures. Collectively, our results demonstrate a unique behavioral phenotype in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy that strongly correlates with disease progression, and that early interventions which reduce tau pathology ameliorate the progression of the locomotor dysfunction. These findings suggest that better understanding the relationship between locomotor deficits and tau pathology in the rTg4510 model may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying behavioral disturbances in patients with tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen Smith
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle Pearson
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anna Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mali L. Cosden
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacob Marcus
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Fred Hess
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary J. Savage
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Rosahl
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Smith
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel B. Schachter
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Uslaner
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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40
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Sánchez MP, García-Cabrero AM, Sánchez-Elexpuru G, Burgos DF, Serratosa JM. Tau-Induced Pathology in Epilepsy and Dementia: Notions from Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041092. [PMID: 29621183 PMCID: PMC5979593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia present epilepsy more frequently than the general population. Seizures are more common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in other dementias. Missense mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene have been found to cause familial FTD and PSP, while the P301S mutation in MAPT has been associated with early-onset fast progressive dementia and the presence of seizures. Brains of patients with AD, LBD, FTD and PSP show hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, amyloid-β plaques and neuropil threads. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of overlapping mechanisms related to the generation of network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. Neuronal overexpression of tau with various mutations found in FTD with parkinsonism-linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) in mice produces epileptic activity. On the other hand, the use of certain antiepileptic drugs in animal models with AD prevents cognitive impairment. Further efforts should be made to search for plausible common targets for both conditions. Moreover, attempts should also be made to evaluate the use of drugs targeting tau and amyloid-β as suitable pharmacological interventions in epileptic disorders. The diagnosis of dementia and epilepsy in early stages of those diseases may be helpful for the initiation of treatments that could prevent the generation of epileptic activity and cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M García-Cabrero
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Protein Tools Unit, Biotechnology National Center (CNB/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gentzane Sánchez-Elexpuru
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Pir GJ, Choudhary B, Mandelkow E. Caenorhabditis elegans models of tauopathy. FASEB J 2017; 31:5137-5148. [PMID: 29191965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the tauopathies, which include the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), is the abnormal accumulation of post-translationally modified, insoluble tau. The result is a loss of neurons, decreased mental function, and complete dependence of patients on others. Aggregation of tau, which under physiologic conditions is a highly soluble protein, is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Indeed one of the strongest lines of evidence is the MAPT gene polymorphisms that lead to the familial forms of tauopathy. Extensive research in animal models over the years has contributed some of the most important findings regarding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Despite this, the precise molecular mechanisms that lead to abnormal tau folding, accumulation, and spreading remain unknown. Owing to the fact that most of the biochemical pathways are conserved, Caenorhabditis elegans provides an alternative approach to identify cellular mechanisms and druggable genes that operate in such disorders. Many human genes implicated in neurodegenerative diseases have counterparts in C. elegans, making it an excellent model in which to study their pathogenesis. In this article, we review some of the important findings gained from C. elegans tauopathy models.-Pir, G. J., Choudhary, B., Mandelkow, E. Caenorhabditiselegans models of tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; .,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany.,Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
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42
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Abstract
Currently, the differential diagnosis between atypical parkinsonisms and classical idiopathic Parkinson's disease can be quite difficult because of the significant overlap of clinical presentation and symptoms. Neurodegenerative conditions, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are primarily characterized by accumulation of tau protein in the brain. Recent imaging developments for tau pathology may provide a promising tool for the assessment of diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. This review will survey PET studies to describe the recent advances in the imaging of tau pathology in PSP, CBD, and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaeel Valli
- a Research Imaging Centre , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience , Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- a Research Imaging Centre , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience , Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,d Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine , Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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A Conserved Cytoskeletal Signaling Cascade Mediates Neurotoxicity of FTDP-17 Tau Mutations In Vivo. J Neurosci 2017; 38:108-119. [PMID: 29138281 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1550-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule binding protein tau is strongly implicated in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, including frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), which is caused by mutations in tau. In vitro, FTDP-17 mutant versions of tau can reduce microtubule binding and increase the aggregation of tau, but the mechanism by which these mutations promote disease in vivo is not clear. Here we take a combined biochemical and in vivo modeling approach to define functional properties of tau driving neurotoxicity in vivo We express wild-type human tau and five FTDP-17 mutant forms of tau in Drosophila using a site-directed insertion strategy to ensure equivalent levels of expression. We then analyze multiple markers of neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity in transgenic animals, including analysis of both males and females. We find that FTDP-17 mutations act to enhance phosphorylation of tau and thus promote neurotoxicity in an in vivo setting. Further, we demonstrate that phosphorylation-dependent excess stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton is a key phosphorylation-dependent mediator of the toxicity of wild-type tau and of all the FTDP-17 mutants tested. Finally, we show that important downstream pathways, including autophagy and the unfolded protein response, are coregulated with neurotoxicity and actin cytoskeletal stabilization in brains of flies expressing wild-type human and various FTDP-17 tau mutants, supporting a conserved mechanism of neurotoxicity of wild-type tau and FTDP-17 mutant tau in disease pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The microtubule protein tau aggregates and forms insoluble inclusion bodies known as neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissue of patients with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The tau protein is thus widely felt to play a key role in promoting neurodegeneration. However, precisely how tau becomes toxic is unclear. Here we capitalize on an "experiment of nature" in which rare missense mutations in tau cause familial neurodegeneration and neurofibrillary tangle formation. By comparing the biochemical activities of different tau mutations with their in vivo toxicity in a well controlled Drosophila model system, we find that all mutations tested increase phosphorylation of tau and trigger a cascade of neurotoxicity critically impinging on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Coakeley S, Cho SS, Koshimori Y, Rusjan P, Harris M, Ghadery C, Kim J, Lang AE, Wilson A, Houle S, Strafella AP. Positron emission tomography imaging of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3150-3160. [PMID: 28155586 PMCID: PMC5584690 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16683695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare form of atypical Parkinsonism that differs neuropathologically from other parkinsonian disorders. While many parkinsonian disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy are classified as synucleinopathies, progressive supranuclear palsy is coined a tauopathy due to the aggregation of pathological tau in the brain. [18F]AV-1451 (also known as [18F]-T807) is a positron emission tomography radiotracer that binds to paired helical filaments of tau in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether [18F]AV-1451 could be used as biomarker for the diagnosis and disease progression monitoring in progressive supranuclear palsy. Six progressive supranuclear palsy, six Parkinson's disease, and 10 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. An anatomical MRI and a 90-min PET scan, using [18F]AV-1451, were acquired from all participants. The standardized uptake value ratio from 60 to 90 min post-injection was calculated in each region of interest, using the cerebellar cortex as a reference region. No significant differences in standardized uptake value ratios were detected in our progressive supranuclear palsy group compared to the two control groups. [18F]AV-1451 may bind selectivity to the paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, which differ from the straight conformation of tau filaments in progressive supranuclear palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Harris
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Antonio P Strafella, Toronto Western Hospital and Institute CAMH-Research Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8.
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of dementia following Alzheimer's disease (AD). Between 20 and 50% of cases are familial. Mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 are found in 60% of familial FTD cases. C9orf72 mutations are the most common and account for 25%. Rarer mutations (<5%) occur in other genes such as VPC, CHMP2B, TARDP, FUS, ITM2B, TBK1 and TBP. The diagnosis is often challenging due to symptom overlap with AD and other conditions. We review the genetics, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, neuropathology, animal studies and therapeutic trials in FTD. We describe clinical scenarios including the original family with the tau stem loop mutation (+14) and also the recently discovered 'missing tau' mutation +15 that 'closed the loop' in 2015.
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Di Primio C, Quercioli V, Siano G, Rovere M, Kovacech B, Novak M, Cattaneo A. The Distance between N and C Termini of Tau and of FTDP-17 Mutants Is Modulated by Microtubule Interactions in Living Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:210. [PMID: 28713242 PMCID: PMC5492851 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT)-associated protein Tau is a natively unfolded protein, involved in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, collectively called tauopathies, aggregating in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). It is an open question how the conversion from a MT bound molecule to an aggregation-prone Tau species occurs and, also, if and how tauopathy-related mutations affect its behavior in the cell. To address these points, we exploited a genetically encoded FRET sensor based on the full length Tau protein, to monitor in real time Tau conformational changes in different conditions in live cells. By studying the FRET signal we found that soluble Tau molecules, detached from MTs, display an unfolded structure. On the contrary, we observed an increased FRET signal generated by Tau monomers bound to MT, indicating that the association with MTs induced a folding of Tau protein, decreasing the distance between its N and C termini. We exploited the FRET sensor to investigate the impact of FTDP-17 mutations and of phosphorylation-site mutations on Tau folding and mobility in live cells. We demonstrated that the FTDP-17 Tau mutations weaken the interaction of Tau with cellular MTs, shifting the equilibrium towards the soluble pool while, conversely, phosphorylation site mutations shift the equilibrium of Tau towards the MT-bound state and a more closed conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giacomo Siano
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale SuperiorePisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Rovere
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale SuperiorePisa, Italy
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Axon Neuroscience SEBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Axon Neuroscience SEBratislava, Slovakia
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Coakeley S, Strafella AP. Imaging tau pathology in Parkinsonisms. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:22. [PMID: 28685158 PMCID: PMC5491530 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-017-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of positron emission tomography radiotracers targeting pathological tau in vivo has led to numerous human trials. While investigations have primarily focused on the most common tauopathy, Alzheimer's disease, it is imperative that testing also be performed in parkinsonian tauopathies, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Tau aggregates differ in isoforms and conformations across disorders, and as a result one radiotracer may not be appropriate for all tauopathies. In this review, we evaluate the preclinical and clinical reports of current tau radiotracers in parkinsonian disorders. These radiotracers include [18F]FDDNP, [11C]PBB3, [18F]THK-5317, [18F]THK-5351, and [18F]AV-1451 ([18F]T807). There are concerns of off-target binding with [18F]FDDNP and [11C]PBB3, which may increase the signal to noise ratio and thereby decrease the efficacy of these radiotracers. Testing in [18F]THK-5317, [18F]THK-5351, and [18F]AV-1451 has been performed in progressive supranuclear palsy, while [18F]THK-5317 and [18F]AV-1451 have also been tested in corticobasal degeneration patients. [18F]THK-5317 and [18F]THK-5351 have demonstrated binding in brain regions known to be afflicted with pathological tau; however, due to small sample sizes these studies should be replicated before concluding their appropriateness in parkinsonian tauopathies. [18F]AV-1451 has demonstrated mixed results in progressive supranuclear palsy patients and post-mortem analysis shows minimal to no binding to non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Antonio P. Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Dept. of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Hock EM, Polymenidou M. Prion-like propagation as a pathogenic principle in frontotemporal dementia. J Neurochem 2017; 138 Suppl 1:163-83. [PMID: 27502124 PMCID: PMC6680357 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a devastating neurodegenerative disease causing stark alterations in personality and language. Characterized by severe atrophy of the frontal and temporal brain lobes, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) shows extreme heterogeneity in clinical presentation, genetic causes, and pathological findings. Like most neurodegenerative diseases, the initial symptoms of FTD are subtle, but increase in severity over time, as the disease progresses. Clinical progression is paralleled by exacerbation of pathological findings and the involvement of broader brain regions, which currently lack mechanistic explanation. Yet, a flurry of studies indicate that protein aggregates accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases can act as propagating entities, amplifying their pathogenic conformation, in a way similar to infectious prions. In this prion‐centric view, FTD can be divided into three subtypes, TDP‐43 or FUS proteinopathy and tauopathy. Here, we review the current evidence that FTD‐linked pathology propagates in a prion‐like manner and discuss the implications of these findings for disease progression and heterogeneity.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease causing severe personality dysfunctions, characterized by profound heterogeneity. Accumulation of tau, TDP‐43 or FUS cytoplasmic aggregates characterize molecularly distinct and non‐overlapping FTD subtypes. Here, we discuss the current evidence suggesting that prion‐like propagation and cell‐to‐cell spread of each of these cytoplasmic aggregates may underlie disease progression and heterogeneity.
This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hock
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: The unknown disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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50
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Tacik P, Sanchez-Contreras M, DeTure M, Murray ME, Rademakers R, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK, Parisi JE, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Dickson DW. Clinicopathologic heterogeneity in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) due to microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) p.P301L mutation, including a patient with globular glial tauopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:200-214. [PMID: 27859539 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The p.P301L mutation in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a common cause of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). We compare clinicopathologic features of five unrelated and three related (brother, sister and cousin) patients with FTDP-17 due to p.P301L mutation. METHODS Genealogical, clinical, neuropathologic and genetic data were reviewed from eight individuals. RESULTS The series consisted of five men and three women with an average age of death of 58 years (52-65 years) and average disease duration of 9 years (3-14 years). The first symptoms were those of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia in seven patients and semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia in one. Three patients were homozygous for the MAPT H1 haplotype; five had H1/H2 genotype. The apolipoprotein E genotype was ϵ3/ϵ3 in seven and ϵ3/ϵ4 in one. The average brain weight was 1015 g (876-1188 g). All had frontotemporal lobar or more diffuse cortical atrophy. Except for one patient, the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus had minimal atrophy, whereas there was atrophy of middle and inferior temporal gyri. Dentate fascia neuronal dispersion was identified in three patients, two of whom had epilepsy. In one patient there was extensive white matter tau involvement with Gallyas-positive globular glial inclusions typical of globular glial tauopathy (GGT). CONCLUSIONS This clinicopathologic study shows inter- and intra-familial clinicopathologic heterogeneity of FTDP-17 due to MAPT p.P301L mutation, including GGT in one patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tacik
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - M DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - M E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - R Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - O A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Z K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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