1
|
Dassanayake P, Anazodo UC, Liu L, Narciso L, Iacobelli M, Hicks J, Rusjan P, Finger E, St Lawrence K. Development of a minimally invasive simultaneous estimation method for quantifying translocator protein binding with [ 18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36633702 PMCID: PMC9837356 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a minimally invasive simultaneous estimation method (SIME) to quantify the binding of the 18-kDa translocator protein tracer [18F]FEPPA. Arterial sampling was avoided by extracting an image-derived input function (IDIF) that was metabolite-corrected using venous blood samples. The possibility of reducing scan duration to 90 min from the recommended 2-3 h was investigated by assuming a uniform non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) to simplify the SIME fitting. RESULTS SIME was applied to retrospective data from healthy volunteers and was comprised of both high-affinity binders (HABs) and mixed-affinity binders (MABs). Estimates of global VND and regional total distribution volume (VT) from SIME were not significantly different from values obtained using a two-tissue compartment model (2CTM). Regional VT estimates were greater for HABs compared to MABs for both the 2TCM and SIME, while the SIME estimates had lower inter-subject variability (41 ± 17% reduction). Binding potential (BPND) values calculated from regional VT and brain-wide VND estimates were also greater for HABs, and reducing the scan time from 120 to 90 min had no significant effect on BPND. The feasibility of using venous metabolite correction was evaluated in a large animal model involving a simultaneous collection of arterial and venous samples. Strong linear correlations were found between venous and arterial measurements of the blood-to-plasma ratio and the remaining [18F]FEPPA fraction. Lastly, estimates of BPND and the specific distribution volume (i.e., VS = VT - VND) from a separate group of healthy volunteers (90 min scan time, venous-scaled IDIFs) agreed with estimates from the retrospective data for both genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that accurate estimates of regional VT, BPND and VS can be obtained by applying SIME to [18F]FEPPA data. Furthermore, the application of SIME enabled the scan time to be reduced to 90 min, and the approach worked well with IDIFs that were scaled and metabolite-corrected using venous blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Dassanayake
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Udunna C. Anazodo
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Linshan Liu
- grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Lucas Narciso
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Maryssa Iacobelli
- grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Justin Hicks
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Douglas Research Centre, Human Neuroscience Division, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Keith St Lawrence
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sacher J, Zsido RG, Barth C, Zientek F, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Patt M, Becker GA, Rusjan P, Witte AV, Regenthal R, Koushik A, Kratzsch J, Decker B, Jogschies P, Villringer A, Hesse S, Sabri O. Increase in serotonin transporter binding in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder across the menstrual cycle: a case-control longitudinal neuroreceptor ligand PET imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00005-7. [PMID: 36997451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) disrupts the lives of millions of people each month. The timing of symptoms suggests that hormonal fluctuations play a role in the pathogenesis. Here, we tested whether a heightened sensitivity of the serotonin system to menstrual cycle phase underlies PMDD, assessing the relationship of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) changes with symptom severity across the menstrual cycle. METHODS In this longitudinal case-control study, we acquired 118 [11C]DASB positron emission tomography scans measuring 5-HTT nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in 30 patients with PMDD and 29 controls during 2 menstrual cycle phases (periovulatory, premenstrual). The primary outcome was midbrain and prefrontal cortex 5-HTT BPND. We tested whether BPND changes correlated with depressed mood. RESULTS Linear mixed effects modeling (significant group × time × region interaction) showed a mean increase of 18% in midbrain 5-HTT BPND (mean [SD] periovulatory = 1.64 [0.40], premenstrual = 1.93 [0.40], delta = 0.29 [0.47]: t29 = -3.43, p = .0002) in patients with PMDD, whereas controls displayed a mean 10% decrease in midbrain 5-HTT BPND (periovulatory = 1.65 [0.24] > premenstrual = 1.49 [0.41], delta = -0.17 [0.33]: t28 = -2.73, p = .01). In patients, increased midbrain 5-HTT BPND correlated with depressive symptom severity (R2 = 0.41, p < .0015) across the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest cycle-specific dynamics with increased central serotonergic uptake followed by extracellular serotonin loss underlying the premenstrual onset of depressed mood in patients with PMDD. These neurochemical findings argue for systematic testing of pre-symptom-onset dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or nonpharmacological strategies to augment extracellular serotonin in people with PMDD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Da Silva T, Guma E, Hafizi S, Koppel A, Rusjan P, Kennedy JL, Chakravarty MM, Mizrahi R. Genetically Predicted Brain C4A Expression Is Associated With TSPO and Hippocampal Morphology. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:652-660. [PMID: 34456009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the immune system, particularly C4A, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. C4A promotes synapse elimination by microglia in preclinical models; however, it is unknown whether this process is also present in living humans and how it affects brain morphology. METHODS Participants (N = 111; 33 patients with psychosis, 37 individuals at clinical high risk, and 41 healthy control subjects) underwent a TSPO [18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography scan and a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Brain C4A expression was genetically predicted as a function of the dosage of each of 4 structural elements (C4AL, C4BL, C4AS, C4BS). RESULTS Higher genetically predicted brain C4A expression was associated with higher brain microglial marker (TSPO) and altered hippocampal morphology, including reduced surface area and medial displacement in the CA1 area. This study is the first to quantify genetically predicted brain C4A expression in individuals at clinical high risk, showing significantly lower C4A in individuals at clinical high risk compared with healthy control subjects. We also showed a robust effect of sex on genetically predicted brain C4A expression and effects of both sex and cannabis use on brain TSPO. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time complement system (C4A) coupling with a microglial marker (TSPO) and hippocampal morphology in living human brain. These findings pave the way for future research on the interaction between C4A and glial cell function, which has the potential to inform the disease mechanism underlying psychosis and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Da Silva
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alex Koppel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mallar M Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Plavén-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Coughlin JM, Hafizi S, Laurikainen H, Ottoy J, De Picker L, Rusjan P, Hietala J, Howes OD, Mizrahi R, Morrens M, Pomper MG, Cervenka S. Meta-analysis of the Glial Marker TSPO in Psychosis Revisited: Reconciling Inconclusive Findings of Patient-Control Differences. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:e5-e8. [PMID: 32682565 PMCID: PMC7899168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Granville J. Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Neuropsychiatric Imaging Group, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Julie Ottoy
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Livia De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Neuropsychiatric Imaging Group, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Hammersmith Hospital; and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rathitharan G, Truong J, Tong J, McCluskey T, Meyer JH, Mizrahi R, Warsh J, Rusjan P, Kennedy JL, Houle S, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Microglia imaging in methamphetamine use disorder: a positron emission tomography study with the 18 kDa translocator protein radioligand [F-18]FEPPA. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12876. [PMID: 32017280 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of brain microglial cells, microgliosis, has been linked to methamphetamine (MA)-seeking behavior, suggesting that microglia could be a new therapeutic target for MA use disorder. Animal data show marked brain microglial activation following acute high-dose MA, but microglial status in human MA users is uncertain, with one positron emission tomography (PET) investigation reporting massively and globally increased translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO; [C-11](R)-PK11195) binding, a biomarker for microgliosis, in MA users. Our aim was to measure binding of a second-generation TSPO radioligand, [F-18]FEPPA, in brain of human chronic MA users. Regional total volume of distribution (VT ) of [F-18]FEPPA was estimated with a two-tissue compartment model with arterial plasma input function for 10 regions of interest in 11 actively using MA users and 26 controls. A RM-ANOVA corrected for TSPO rs6971 polymorphism was employed to test significance. There was no main effect of group on [F-18]FEPPA VT (P = .81). No significant correlations between [F-18]FEPPA VT and MA use duration, weekly dosage, blood MA concentrations, regional brain volumes, and self-reported craving were observed. Our preliminary findings, consistent with our earlier postmortem data, do not suggest substantial brain microgliosis in MA use disorder but do not rule out microglia as a therapeutic target in MA addiction. Absence of increased [F-18]FEPPA TSPO binding might be related to insufficient MA dose or blunting of microglial response following repeated MA exposure, as suggested by some animal data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gausiha Rathitharan
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer Truong
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasilevskaya A, Taghdiri F, Multani N, Anor CJ, Misquitta K, Houle S, Burke C, Lang A, Fox S, Slow E, Rusjan P, Tartaglia C. Phenotype differences between corticobasal syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy with and without Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasilevskaya
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Memory Clinic Toronto ON Canada
| | - Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Memory Clinic Toronto ON Canada
| | - Namita Multani
- Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Memory Clinic Toronto ON Canada
| | - Cassandra Jessica Anor
- Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Memory Clinic Toronto ON Canada
| | - Karen Misquitta
- Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Memory Clinic Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Charles Burke
- School of Medicine & Dentistry Western University Windsor ON Canada
| | - Anthony Lang
- Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Susan Fox
- Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Elizabeth Slow
- Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- PET Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Watts JJ, Jacobson MR, Lalang N, Boileau I, Tyndale RF, Kiang M, Ross RA, Houle S, Wilson AA, Rusjan P, Mizrahi R. Imaging Brain Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in Untreated Patients With Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:727-735. [PMID: 32387132 PMCID: PMC8240477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain's endocannabinoid system, the primary target of cannabis, has been implicated in psychosis. The endocannabinoid anandamide is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) controls brain anandamide levels; however, it is unknown if FAAH is altered in vivo in psychosis or related to positive psychotic symptoms. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 36 healthy control subjects completed high-resolution positron emission tomography scans with the novel FAAH radioligand [11C]CURB and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Data were analyzed using the validated irreversible 2-tissue compartment model with a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. RESULTS FAAH did not differ significantly between patients with psychotic disorders and healthy control subjects (F1,62.85 = 0.48, p = .49). In contrast, lower FAAH predicted greater positive psychotic symptom severity, with the strongest effect observed for the positive symptom dimension, which includes suspiciousness, delusions, unusual thought content, and hallucinations (F1,26.69 = 12.42, p = .002; Cohen's f = 0.42, large effect). Shorter duration of illness (F1,26.95 = 13.78, p = .001; Cohen's f = 0.39, medium to large effect) and duration of untreated psychosis predicted lower FAAH (F1,26.95 = 6.03, p = .021, Cohen's f = 0.27, medium effect). These results were not explained by past cannabis exposure or current intake of antipsychotic medications. FAAH exhibited marked differences across brain regions (F7,112.62 = 175.85, p < 1 × 10-56; Cohen's f > 1). Overall, FAAH was higher in female subjects than in male subjects (F1,62.84 = 10.05, p = .002; Cohen's f = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS This first study of brain FAAH in psychosis indicates that FAAH may represent a biomarker of disease state of potential utility for clinical studies targeting psychotic symptoms or as a novel target for interventions to treat psychotic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Watts
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya R Jacobson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nittha Lalang
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vasilevskaya A, Taghdiri F, Multani N, Anor C, Misquitta K, Houle S, Burke C, Tang-Wai D, Lang AE, Fox S, Slow E, Rusjan P, Tartaglia MC. PET Tau Imaging and Motor Impairments Differ Between Corticobasal Syndrome and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy With and Without Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers. Front Neurol 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32754109 PMCID: PMC7366127 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-related syndrome includes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). PSP is usually caused by a tauopathy but can have associated Alzheimer's disease (AD) while CBS can be caused by tauopathy, transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa, or AD pathology. Our aim was to compare the parkinsonian syndromes presenting without AD biomarkers (CBS/PSP-non-AD) to parkinsonian syndromes with AD biomarkers (CBS/PSP-AD). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients [11 males, 13 females; age (68.46 ± 7.23)] were recruited for this study. The whole cohort was divided into parkinsonian syndromes without AD biomarkers [N = 17; diagnoses (6 CBS, 11 PSP)] and parkinsonian syndromes with AD biomarkers [N = 7; diagnoses (6 CBS-AD, 1 PSP-AD)]. Anatomical MRI and PET imaging with tau ligand [18F]-AV1451 tracer was completed. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis or [18F]-AV1451 PET imaging was used to assess for the presence of AD biomarkers. Progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale (PSPRS) and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor exam were implemented to assess for motor disturbances. Language and cognitive testing were completed. Results: The CBS/PSP-non-AD group [age (70.18 ± 6.65)] was significantly older (p = 0.028) than the CBS/PSP-AD group [age (64.29 ± 7.32)]. There were no differences between the groups in terms of gender, education, years of disease duration, and disease severity as measured with the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. The CBS/PSP-non-AD group had significantly lower PET Tau Standard Volume Uptake Ratio (SUVR) values compared to the CBS/PSP-AD group in multiple frontal and temporal areas, and inferior parietal (all p < 0.03). The CBS/PSP-non-AD group had significantly higher scores compared to the CBS/PSP-AD group on PSPRS (p = 0.004) and UPDRS motor exam (p = 0.045). The CBS/PSP-non-AD group had higher volumes of inferior parietal, precuneus, and hippocampus (all p < 0.02), but lower volume of midbrain (p = 0.02), compared to the CBS/PSP-AD group. Discussion: The CBS/PSP-non-AD group had higher motor disturbances compared to the CBS/PSP-AD group; however, both groups performed similarly on neuropsychological measures. The AD biomarker group had increased global uptake of PET Tau SUVR and lower volumes in AD-specific areas. These results show that the presenting phenotype of CBS and PSP syndromes and the distribution of injury are strongly affected by the presence of AD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasilevskaya
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Namita Multani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra Anor
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Misquitta
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Burke
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - David Tang-Wai
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Fox
- Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Slow
- Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rusjan P, Sabioni P, Di Ciano P, Mansouri E, Boileau I, Laveillé A, Capet M, Duvauchelle T, Schwartz JC, Robert P, Le Foll B. Exploring occupancy of the histamine H 3 receptor by pitolisant in humans using PET. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3464-3472. [PMID: 32293706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE BF2.649 (pitolisant, Wakix®) is a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist recently approved for the treatment of narcolepsy disorder. The objective of the study was to investigate in vivo occupancy of H3 receptors by BF2.649 using PET brain imaging with the H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [11 C]GSK189254. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Six healthy adult participants were scanned with [11 C]GSK189254. Participants underwent a total of two PET scans on separate days, 3 h after oral administration of placebo or after pitolisant hydrochloride (40 mg). [11 C]GSK189254 regional total distribution volumes were estimated in nine brain regions of interest with the two tissue-compartment model with arterial input function using a common VND across the regions. Brain receptor occupancies were calculated with the Lassen plot. KEY RESULTS Pitolisant, at the dose administered, provided high (84 ± 7%; mean ± SD) occupancy of H3 receptors. The drug was well-tolerated, and participants experienced few adverse events. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The administration of pitolisant (40 mg) produces a high occupancy of H3 receptors and may be a new tool for the treatment of a variety of CNS disorders that are associated with mechanisms involving H3 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela Sabioni
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia Di Ciano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- Research Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Le Foll
- Research Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Acute Care Program, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vasilevskaya A, Taghdiri F, Burke C, Tarazi A, Naeimi SA, Khodadadi M, Goswami R, Sato C, Grinberg M, Moreno D, Wennberg R, Mikulis D, Green R, Colella B, Davis KD, Rusjan P, Houle S, Tator C, Rogaeva E, Tartaglia MC. Interaction of APOE4 alleles and PET tau imaging in former contact sport athletes. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102212. [PMID: 32097865 PMCID: PMC7037542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms like apolipoprotein E (APOE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes increase the risk of neurodegeneration. METHODS 38 former players (age 52.63±14.02) of contact sports underwent neuroimaging, biofluid collection, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The [F-18]AV-1451 tracer signal was compared in the cortical grey matter between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers as well as carriers of MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1. Participants were then divided into the high (N = 13) and low (N = 13) groups based on cortical PET tau standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for comparison. FINDINGS Cortical grey matter PET tau SUVR values were significantly higher in APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers (p = 0.020). In contrast, there was no significant difference in SUVR between MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1 carrier genes (p = 1.00). There was a significantly higher APOE4 allele frequency in the high cortical grey matter PET tau group, comparing to low cortical grey matter PET tau group (p = 0.048). No significant difference in neuropsychological function was found between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers. INTERPRETATION There is an association between higher cortical grey matter tau burden as seen with [F-18]AV-1451 PET tracer SUVR, and the APOE4 allele in former professional and semi-professional players at high risk of concussions. APOE4 allele may be a risk factor for tau accumulation in former contact sports athletes at high risk of neurodegeneration. FUNDING Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundations; Weston Brain Institute; Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in ageing; Krembil Research Institute. There was no role of the funders in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasilevskaya
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Charles Burke
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Apameh Tarazi
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Naeimi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mozghan Khodadadi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ruma Goswami
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Danielle Moreno
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Robin Green
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Brenda Colella
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Karen D Davis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Charles Tator
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weidenauer A, Bauer M, Sauerzopf U, Bartova L, Nics L, Pfaff S, Philippe C, Berroterán-Infante N, Pichler V, Meyer BM, Rabl U, Sezen P, Cumming P, Stimpfl T, Sitte HH, Lanzenberger R, Mossaheb N, Zimprich A, Rusjan P, Dorffner G, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Pezawas L, Kasper S, Wadsak W, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M. On the relationship of first-episode psychosis to the amphetamine-sensitized state: a dopamine D 2/3 receptor agonist radioligand study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 32066718 PMCID: PMC7026156 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by increased behavioral and neurochemical responses to dopamine-releasing drugs. This prompted the hypothesis of psychosis as a state of "endogenous" sensitization of the dopamine system although the exact basis of dopaminergic disturbances and the possible role of prefrontal cortical regulation have remained uncertain. To show that patients with first-episode psychosis release more dopamine upon amphetamine-stimulation than healthy volunteers, and to reveal for the first time that prospective sensitization induced by repeated amphetamine exposure increases dopamine-release in stimulant-naïve healthy volunteers to levels observed in patients, we collected data on amphetamine-induced dopamine release using the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO and positron emission tomography. Healthy volunteers (n = 28, 14 female) underwent a baseline and then a post-amphetamine scan before and after a mildly sensitizing regimen of repeated oral amphetamine. Unmedicated patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 21; 6 female) underwent a single pair of baseline and then post-amphetamine scans. Furthermore, T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prefrontal cortex was performed. Patients with first-episode psychosis showed larger release of dopamine compared to healthy volunteers. After sensitization of healthy volunteers their dopamine release was significantly amplified and no longer different from that seen in patients. Healthy volunteers showed a negative correlation between prefrontal cortical volume and dopamine release. There was no such relationship after sensitization or in patients. Our data in patients with untreated first-episode psychosis confirm the "endogenous sensitization" hypothesis and support the notion of impaired prefrontal control of the dopamine system in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard M Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Sezen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counseling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Georg Dorffner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world. Cannabinoids have been shown to modulate immune responses; however, the association of cannabis with neuroimmune function has never been investigated in vivo in the human brain. OBJECTIVE To investigate neuroimmune activation or 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) levels in long-term cannabis users, and to evaluate the association of brain TSPO levels with behavioral measures and inflammatory blood biomarkers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study based in Toronto, Ontario, recruited individuals from January 1, 2015, to October 30, 2018. Participants included long-term cannabis users (n = 24) and non-cannabis-using controls (n = 27). Cannabis users were included if they had a positive urine drug screen for only cannabis and if they used cannabis at least 4 times per week for the past 12 months and/or met the criteria for cannabis use disorder. All participants underwent a positron emission tomography scan with [18F]FEPPA, or fluorine F 18-labeled N-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Total distribution volume was quantified across regions of interest. Stress and anxiety as well as peripheral measures of inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein levels were also measured. RESULTS In total, 24 long-term cannabis users (mean [SD] age, 23.1 [3.8] years; 15 men [63%]) and 27 non-cannabis-using controls (mean [SD] age, 23.6 [4.2] years; 18 women [67%]) were included and completed all study procedures. Compared with the controls, cannabis users had higher [18F]FEPPA total distribution volume (main group effect: F1,48 = 6.5 [P = .01]; ROI effect: F1,200 = 28.4 [P < .001]; Cohen d = 0.6; 23.3% higher), with a more prominent implication for the cannabis use disorder subgroup (n = 15; main group effect: F1,39 = 8.5 [P = .006]; ROI effect: F1,164 = 19.3 [P < .001]; Cohen d = 0.8; 31.5% higher). Greater TSPO levels in the brain were associated with stress and anxiety and with higher circulating C-reactive protein levels in cannabis users. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this study suggest that TSPO levels in cannabis users, particularly in those with cannabis use disorder, are higher than those in non-cannabis-using controls. The findings emphasize the need for more complementary preclinical systems for a better understanding of the role of cannabinoids and TSPO in neuroimmune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Da Silva
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy J. Watts
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia,School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rao N, Northoff G, Tagore A, Rusjan P, Kenk M, Wilson A, Houle S, Strafella A, Remington G, Mizrahi R. Impaired Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Release in Schizophrenia During a Cognitive Task: A [11C]FLB 457 Positron Emission Tomography Study. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:670-679. [PMID: 29878197 PMCID: PMC6483585 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from several lines of research suggests decreased dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex as the neurochemical correlates of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, in vivo examination of cortical hypodopaminergia using positron emission tomography (PET) during cognitive task performance in SCZ remains to be investigated. We examined dopamine release in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), using PET while participants were performing a cognitive task. Thirteen drug-free patients with SCZ and 13 healthy volunteers (HV) matched for age and sex participated in the study. Data were acquired between 2011 and 2015. Two PET scans with [11C]FLB 457 were acquired while the participants were performing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and a sensorimotor control task (SMCT). A magnetic resonance image was acquired for anatomical delineation. Differences in cortical dopamine release between SCZ and HV, indexed as percentage change in binding potential between WCST and SMCT (ΔBPND), were calculated in ACC and DLPFC. We observed significant differences in the ΔBPND in ACC (HV = 4.40 ± 6.00; SCZ = -11.48 ± 15.08; t = 3.52; P = .003) and a trend-level difference in ΔBPND in DLPFC (HV = -0.58 ± 8.45; SCZ = -7.79 ± 11.28; t = 1.84; P = .079), suggesting dopamine depletion in cortical brain regions in patients with SCZ while performing a cognitive task. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for reduced dopamine release or even dopamine depletion while performing cognitive task in ACC and DLPFC in patients with SCZ. The present results provide support for the frontal hypodopaminergia hypothesis of cognitive symptoms in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naren Rao
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research: Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abanti Tagore
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miran Kenk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; University of Toronto, Focus on Youth Psychosis Prevention (FYPP), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada; tel: 416-535-8501 ext. 34508, fax: 416-979-4656, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Plavén-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Collste K, Ashok AH, Coughlin JM, Howes OD, Mizrahi R, Pomper MG, Rusjan P, Veronese M, Wang Y, Cervenka S. Positron Emission Tomography Studies of the Glial Cell Marker Translocator Protein in Patients With Psychosis: A Meta-analysis Using Individual Participant Data. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:433-442. [PMID: 29653835 PMCID: PMC7893597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the immune system may be an important target for new treatment approaches in schizophrenia. Positron emission tomography and radioligands binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), which is expressed in glial cells in the brain including immune cells, represents a potential method for patient stratification and treatment monitoring. This study examined whether patients with first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia had altered TSPO levels compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS PubMed was searched for studies comparing patients with psychosis with healthy control subjects using second-generation TSPO radioligands. The outcome measure was total distribution volume (VT), an index of TSPO levels, in frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus. Bayes factors (BFs) were applied to examine the relative support for higher, lower, or no difference in patients' TSPO levels compared with healthy control subjects. RESULTS Five studies, with 75 participants with first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia and 77 healthy control subjects, were included. BFs showed strong support for lower VT in patients relative to no difference (all BFs > 32), or relative to higher VT (all BFs > 422), in all brain regions. From the posterior distributions, mean patient-control differences in standardized VT values were -0.48 for frontal cortex (95% credible interval [CredInt] = -0.88 to 0.09), -0.47 for temporal cortex (CredInt = -0.87 to -0.07), and -0.63 for hippocampus (CredInt = -1.00 to -0.25). CONCLUSIONS The lower levels of TSPO observed in patients may correspond to altered function or lower density of brain immune cells. Future studies should focus on investigating the underlying biological mechanisms and their relevance for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Collste
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abhishekh H Ashok
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Butcher NJ, Marras C, Pondal M, Rusjan P, Boot E, Christopher L, Repetto GM, Fritsch R, Chow EWC, Masellis M, Strafella AP, Lang AE, Bassett AS. Neuroimaging and clinical features in adults with a 22q11.2 deletion at risk of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2017; 140:1371-1383. [PMID: 28369257 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrent 22q11.2 deletion is a genetic risk factor for early-onset Parkinson's disease. Adults with the associated 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) may exhibit phenotypes that could help identify those at highest risk and reveal disease trajectories. We investigated clinical and neuroimaging features relevant to Parkinson's disease in 26 adults: 13 with 22q11.2DS at genetic risk of Parkinson's disease (mean age = 41.5 years, standard deviation = 9.7), 12 healthy age and sex-matched controls, and a 22q11.2DS patient with l-DOPA-responsive early-onset Parkinson's disease. Neuroimaging included transcranial sonography and positron emission tomography using 11C-dihydrotetrabenazine (11C-DTBZ), a radioligand that binds to the presynaptic vesicular monoamine transporter. The 22q11.2DS group without Parkinson's disease demonstrated significant motor and olfactory deficits relative to controls. Eight (61.5%) were clinically classified with parkinsonism. Transcranial sonography showed a significantly larger mean area of substantia nigra echogenicity in the 22q11.2DS risk group compared with controls (P = 0.03). The 22q11.2DS patient with Parkinson's disease showed the expected pattern of severely reduced striatal 11C-DTBZ binding. The 22q11.2DS group without Parkinson's disease however showed significantly elevated striatal 11C-DTBZ binding relative to controls (∼33%; P < 0.01). Results were similar within the 22q11.2DS group for those with (n = 7) and without (n = 6) psychotic illness. These findings suggest that manifestations of parkinsonism and/or evolution to Parkinson's disease in this genetic at-risk population may include a hyperdopaminergic mechanism. Adequately powered longitudinal studies and animal models are needed to evaluate the relevance of the observed clinical and imaging phenotypes to Parkinson's disease and other disorders that are more prevalent in 22q11.2DS, such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Butcher
- Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margarita Pondal
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Boot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, and Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh Christopher
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosemarie Fritsch
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Clínica Psiquiátrica Recoleta, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva W C Chow
- Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, and Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coakeley S, Cho SS, Koshimori Y, Rusjan P, Ghadery C, Kim J, Lang AE, Houle S, Strafella AP. [ 18F]AV-1451 binding to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra in PD and PSP. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:589-595. [PMID: 28884232 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated binding of [18F]AV-1451 to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). [18F]AV-1451 is a positron emission tomography radiotracer designed to bind pathological tau. A post-mortem study using [18F]AV-1451 discovered off-target binding properties to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra. A subsequent clinical study reported a 30% decrease in [18F]AV-1451 binding in the midbrain of PD patients. A total of 12 patients and 10 healthy age-matched controls were recruited. An anatomical MRI and a 90-min PET scan, using [18F]AV-1451, were acquired from all participants. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) from 60 to 90 min post-injection was calculated for the substantia nigra, using the cerebellar cortex as the reference region. The substantia nigra was delineated using automated region of interest software. An independent samples ANOVA and LSD post hoc testing were used to test for differences in [18F]AV-1451 SUVR between groups. Substantia nigra SUVR from 60 to 90 min was significantly greater in HC compared to both PSP and PD groups. Although the PD group had the lowest SUVR, there was no significant difference in substantia nigra uptake between PD and PSP. [18F]AV-1451 may be the first PET radiotracer capable of imaging neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra in parkinsonisms. Further testing must be done in PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders to support this off-target use of [18F]AV-1451.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Dept. of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Dept. of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coakeley S, Cho SS, Koshimori Y, Rusjan P, Harris M, Ghadery C, Kim J, Lang AE, Wilson A, Houle S, Strafella AP. Positron emission tomography imaging of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3150-3160. [PMID: 28155586 PMCID: PMC5584690 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16683695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare form of atypical Parkinsonism that differs neuropathologically from other parkinsonian disorders. While many parkinsonian disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy are classified as synucleinopathies, progressive supranuclear palsy is coined a tauopathy due to the aggregation of pathological tau in the brain. [18F]AV-1451 (also known as [18F]-T807) is a positron emission tomography radiotracer that binds to paired helical filaments of tau in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether [18F]AV-1451 could be used as biomarker for the diagnosis and disease progression monitoring in progressive supranuclear palsy. Six progressive supranuclear palsy, six Parkinson's disease, and 10 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. An anatomical MRI and a 90-min PET scan, using [18F]AV-1451, were acquired from all participants. The standardized uptake value ratio from 60 to 90 min post-injection was calculated in each region of interest, using the cerebellar cortex as a reference region. No significant differences in standardized uptake value ratios were detected in our progressive supranuclear palsy group compared to the two control groups. [18F]AV-1451 may bind selectivity to the paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, which differ from the straight conformation of tau filaments in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Harris
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Antonio P Strafella, Toronto Western Hospital and Institute CAMH-Research Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mabrouk R, Strafella AP, Knezevic D, Ghadery C, Mizrahi R, Gharehgazlou A, Koshimori Y, Houle S, Rusjan P. Feasibility study of TSPO quantification with [18F]FEPPA using population-based input function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177785. [PMID: 28545084 PMCID: PMC5435246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The input function (IF) is a core element in the quantification of Translocator protein 18 kDa with positron emission tomography (PET), as no suitable reference region with negligible binding has been identified. Arterial blood sampling is indeed needed to create the IF (ASIF). In the present manuscript we study individualization of a population based input function (PBIF) with a single arterial manual sample to estimate total distribution volume (VT) for [18F]FEPPA and to replicate previously published clinical studies in which the ASIF was used. METHODS The data of 3 previous [18F]FEPPA studies (39 of healthy controls (HC), 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 with Alzheimer's disease (AD)) was reanalyzed with the new approach. PBIF was used with the Logan graphical analysis (GA) neglecting the vascular contribution to estimate VT. Time of linearization of the GA was determined with the maximum error criteria. The optimal calibration of the PBIF was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the IF and the agreement range of VT between methods. The shape of the IF between groups was studied while taking into account genotyping of the polymorphism (rs6971). RESULTS PBIF scaled with a single value of activity due to unmetabolized radioligand in arterial plasma, calculated as the average of a sample taken at 60 min and a sample taken at 90 min post-injection, yielded a good interval of agreement between methods and optimized the area under the curve of IF. In HC, gray matter VTs estimated by PBIF highly correlated with those using the standard method (r2 = 0.82, p = 0.0001). Bland-Altman plots revealed PBIF slightly underestimates (~1 mL/cm3) VT calculated by ASIF (including a vascular contribution). It was verified that the AUC of the ASIF were independent of genotype and disease (HC, PD, and AD). Previous clinical results were replicated using PBIF but with lower statistical power. CONCLUSION A single arterial blood sample taken 75 minute post-injection contains enough information to individualize the IF in the groups of subjects studied; however, the higher variability produced requires an increase in sample size to reach the same effect size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rostom Mabrouk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P. Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit, E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dunja Knezevic
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avideh Gharehgazlou
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Egerton A, Howes OD, Houle S, McKenzie K, Valmaggia LR, Bagby MR, Tseng HH, Bloomfield MAP, Kenk M, Bhattacharyya S, Suridjan I, Chaddock CA, Winton-Brown TT, Allen P, Rusjan P, Remington G, Meyer-Lindenberg A, McGuire PK, Mizrahi R. Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:293-301. [PMID: 28057720 PMCID: PMC5605255 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants and the relationship with psychosis. Two complementary case-control studies of in vivo dopamine function (stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity) in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants were performed in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Canadian dopamine release study included 25 immigrant and 31 nonmigrant Canadians. These groups included 23 clinical high risk (CHR) subjects, 9 antipsychotic naïve patients with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy volunteers. The UK dopamine synthesis study included 32 immigrants and 44 nonimmigrant British. These groups included 50 CHR subjects and 26 healthy volunteers. Both striatal stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity were significantly elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants, independent of clinical status. These data provide the first evidence that the effect of migration on the risk of developing psychosis may be mediated by an elevation in brain dopamine function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Egerton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,These authors are joint first authors
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,These authors are joint first authors
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,These authors are joint first authors
| | - Kwame McKenzie
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucia R. Valmaggia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R. Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. P. Bloomfield
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK;,Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Miran Kenk
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ivonne Suridjan
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Toby T. Winton-Brown
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip K. McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,These authors are joint last authors
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Center, CAMH, PET Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,These authors are joint last authors
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghadery C, Koshimori Y, Coakeley S, Harris M, Rusjan P, Kim J, Houle S, Strafella AP. Microglial activation in Parkinson's disease using [ 18F]-FEPPA. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:8. [PMID: 28086916 PMCID: PMC5234135 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammatory processes including activated microglia have been reported to play an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increased expression of translocator protein (TSPO) has been observed after brain injury and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand targeting TSPO allows for the quantification of neuroinflammation in vivo. Methods Based on the genotype of the rs6791 polymorphism in the TSPO gene, we included 25 mixed-affinity binders (MABs) (14 PD patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls (HC)) and 27 high-affinity binders (HABs) (16 PD patients and 11 age-matched HC) to assess regional differences in the second-generation radioligand [18F]-FEPPA between PD patients and HC. FEPPA total distribution volume (VT) values in cortical as well as subcortical brain regions were derived from a two-tissue compartment model with arterial plasma as an input function. Results Our results revealed a significant main effect of genotype on [18F]-FEPPA VT in every brain region, but no main effect of disease or disease × genotype interaction in any brain region. The overall percentage difference of the mean FEPPA VT between HC-MABs and HC-HABs was 32.6% (SD = 2.09) and for PD-MABs and PD-HABs was 43.1% (SD = 1.21). Conclusions Future investigations are needed to determine the significance of [18F]-FEPPA as a biomarker of neuroinflammation as well as the importance of the rs6971 polymorphism and its clinical consequence in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Harris
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Toronto Western Hospital and Institute, CAMH-Research Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boileau I, Mansouri E, Williams B, Le Foll B, Rusjan P, Mizrahi R, Tyndale RF, Huestis MA, Payer DE, Wilson AA, Houle S, Kish SJ, Tong J. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Binding in Brain of Cannabis Users: Imaging With the Novel Radiotracer [ 11C]CURB. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:691-701. [PMID: 27345297 PMCID: PMC5050070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major mechanisms for terminating the actions of the endocannabinoid anandamide is hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and inhibitors of the enzyme were suggested as potential treatment for human cannabis dependence. However, the status of brain FAAH in cannabis use disorder is unknown. METHODS Brain FAAH binding was measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]CURB in 22 healthy control subjects and ten chronic cannabis users during early abstinence. The FAAH genetic polymorphism (rs324420) and blood, urine, and hair levels of cannabinoids and metabolites were determined. RESULTS In cannabis users, FAAH binding was significantly lower by 14%-20% across the brain regions examined than in matched control subjects (overall Cohen's d = 0.96). Lower binding was negatively correlated with cannabinoid concentrations in blood and urine and was associated with higher trait impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Lower FAAH binding levels in the brain may be a consequence of chronic and recent cannabis exposure and could contribute to cannabis withdrawal. This effect should be considered in the development of novel treatment strategies for cannabis use disorder that target FAAH and endocannabinoids. Further studies are needed to examine possible changes in FAAH binding during prolonged cannabis abstinence and whether lower FAAH binding predates drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Belinda Williams
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Doris E. Payer
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Human Brain Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Payer DE, Guttman M, Kish SJ, Tong J, Adams JR, Rusjan P, Houle S, Furukawa Y, Wilson AA, Boileau I. D3 dopamine receptor-preferring [11C]PHNO PET imaging in Parkinson patients with dyskinesia. Neurology 2015; 86:224-30. [PMID: 26718579 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) are associated with D3 overexpression in levodopa-treated humans with Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS In this case-control study, we used PET with the D3-preferring radioligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO to estimate D2/3 receptor binding in patients with levodopa-treated PD with LID (n = 12) and without LID (n = 12), and healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, education, and mental status (n = 18). RESULTS Compared to nondyskinetic patients, those with LID showed heightened [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the D3-rich globus pallidus. Both PD groups also showed higher binding than controls in the sensorimotor division of the striatum. In contrast, D2/3 binding in the ventral striatum was lower in patients with LID than without, possibly reflecting higher dopamine levels. CONCLUSIONS Dopaminergic abnormalities contributing to LID may include elevated D2/3 binding in globus pallidus, perhaps reflecting D3 receptor upregulation. The findings support therapeutic strategies that target and diminish activity at D3 to prevent LID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris E Payer
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Mark Guttman
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - John R Adams
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- From the Addictions Program (D.E.P., I.B.), the Research Imaging Centre (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), and the Human Brain Laboratory (M.G., S.J.K., Y.F.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (S.J.K., J.T., P.R., S.H., A.A.W., I.B.), Toronto; the Departments of Psychiatry (D.E.P., S.J.K., J.T., A.A.W., I.B.) and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto; and the Centre for Movement Disorders (M.G., J.R.A.), Markham, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Koshimori Y, Ko JH, Mizrahi R, Rusjan P, Mabrouk R, Jacobs MF, Christopher L, Hamani C, Lang AE, Wilson AA, Houle S, Strafella AP. Imaging Striatal Microglial Activation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138721. [PMID: 26381267 PMCID: PMC4575151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the second-generation translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) radioligand, [18F]-FEPPA, could be used in neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders as a biomarker for detecting neuroinflammation in the striatum. Neuroinflammation has been implicated as a potential mechanism for the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligand targeting for TSPO allows for the quantification of neuroinflammation in vivo. Based on genotype of the rs6791 polymorphism in the TSPO gene, 16 mixed-affinity binders (MABs) (8 PD and age-matched 8 healthy controls (HCs)), 16 high-affinity binders (HABs) (8 PD and age-matched 8 HCs) and 4 low-affinity binders (LABs) (3 PD and 1 HCs) were identified. Total distribution volume (VT) values in the striatum were derived from a two-tissue compartment model with arterial plasma as an input function. There was a significant main effect of genotype on [18F]-FEPPA VT values in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.001) and putamen (p < 0.001), but no main effect of disease or disease x genotype interaction in either ROI. In the HAB group, the percentage difference between PD and HC was 16% in both caudate nucleus and putamen; in the MAB group, it was -8% and 3%, respectively. While this PET study showed no evidence of increased striatal TSPO expression in PD patients, the current findings provide some insights on the possible interactions between rs6791 polymorphism and neuroinflammation in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Koshimori
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji-Hyun Ko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rostom Mabrouk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark F. Jacobs
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh Christopher
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & Edmond.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P. Strafella
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & Edmond.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Hospital Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abi-Jaoude E, Segura B, Obeso I, Cho SS, Houle S, Lang AE, Rusjan P, Sandor P, Strafella AP. Similar striatal D2/D3 dopamine receptor availability in adults with Tourette syndrome compared with healthy controls: A [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO and [(11) C]raclopride positron emission tomography imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2592-601. [PMID: 25788222 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological and anatomical evidence implicates striatal dopamine receptors in Tourette syndrome (TS). Nevertheless, results of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the dopamine system in TS have been inconsistent. We investigated striatal D2/3 dopamine receptors in TS using the radioligands [(11) C]raclopride and [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO, an agonist that binds preferentially to D3 receptors, thus allowing higher sensitivity and measurement of receptors in a high affinity state. Eleven adults with TS and 11 matched healthy control (HC) participants underwent [(11) C]raclopride and [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans. General linear model was used for voxelwise contrasts of striatal binding potentials (BPND ) between TS and HC participants. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate main effect of radioligand. In addition, BPND values were extracted for ventral, motor, and associative striatum. Finally, we examined the relationship between BPND measures and symptom severity in TS participants. Main effects analyses showed that [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO BPND was higher in ventral striatum, whereas [(11) C]raclopride BPND was higher in motor and associative striatum. There were no significant group differences between TS and HC. Furthermore, TS and HC participants had similar [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO and [(11) C]raclopride BPND in the three striatal subregions. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between BPND and symptom severity. TS and HC participants had similar striatal D2/3 receptor availability measures. These results challenge the assumption that striatal dopamine receptors have a major role in the pathophysiology of TS. Consistent with previous findings, [(11) C]-(+)-PHNO localized preferentially to ventral striatal, D3 receptor-rich regions, in contrast to [(11) C]raclopride, which localized preferentially in the dorsal striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Abi-Jaoude
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Segura
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Sandor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cho SS, Koshimori Y, Aminian K, Obeso I, Rusjan P, Lang AE, Daskalakis ZJ, Houle S, Strafella AP. Investing in the future: stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex reduces discounting of delayed rewards. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:546-53. [PMID: 25168685 PMCID: PMC4289950 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generally, rewards that are received sooner are often preferred over future rewards, and the time between the choice and the reception of the reward is an important factor that influences our decisions, a phenomenon called delay discounting (DD). In DD, the medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) and striatal dopamine neurotransmission both play an important role. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently activate the MePFC to evaluate its behavioral effect on the DD paradigm, and subsequently to measure its effect on striatal dopamine. Twenty-four right-handed young healthy subjects (11 females; age: 22.1±2.9 years) underwent DD following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex stimulation (control condition). Thereafter, 11 subjects (5 females; age: 22.2±2.87 years) completed the PET study at rest using [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex. Modulation of the MePFC excitability influenced the subjective level of DD for delayed rewards and interfered with synaptic dopamine level in the striatum. The present study yielded findings that might reconcile the role of these areas in inter-temporal decision making and dopamine modulation, suggesting that the subjective sense of time and value of reward are critically controlled by these important regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Cho
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Aminian
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada,Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto Western Hospital and Institute, CAMH-Research Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada, Tel: +416 535 8501 ext 7394, E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Payer DE, Guttman M, Kish SJ, Tong J, Strafella A, Zack M, Adams JR, Rusjan P, Houle S, Furukawa Y, Wilson AA, Boileau I. [11
C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of dopamine D2/3
receptors in Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders. Mov Disord 2015; 30:160-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doris E. Payer
- Addictions Program; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mark Guttman
- Human Brain Laboratory; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Movement Disorders; Markham Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Human Brain Laboratory; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Antonio Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program; Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience; Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Clinical Neuroscience Program; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - John R. Adams
- Centre for Movement Disorders; Markham Ontario Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Human Brain Laboratory; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addictions Program; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Research Imaging Centre; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sacher J, Rekkas PV, Wilson AA, Houle S, Romano L, Hamidi J, Rusjan P, Fan I, Stewart DE, Meyer JH. Relationship of monoamine oxidase-A distribution volume to postpartum depression and postpartum crying. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:429-35. [PMID: 25074638 PMCID: PMC4443957 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) has a prevalence rate of 13% and a similarly high proportion of women report a subclinical state of one or more major depressive episode symptoms. The aim was to investigate whether monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) VT, an index of MAO-A density, is increased in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex (PFC and ACC), during PPD or when a PPD spectrum symptom, greater predisposition to crying, is present. MAO-A is an enzyme that increases in density after estrogen decline, and has several functions including creating oxidative stress, influencing apoptosis and monoamine metabolism. Fifty-seven women were recruited including 15 first-onset, antidepressant naive, PPD subjects, 12 postpartum healthy who cry due to sad mood, 15 asymptomatic postpartum healthy women, and 15 healthy women not recently pregnant. Each underwent [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography scanning to measure MAO-A VT. Both PPD and greater predisposition to crying were associated with greater MAO-A VT in the PFC and ACC (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), group effect, F21,135=1.856; p=0.019; mean combined region elevation 21% and 14% in PPD and crying groups, respectively, relative to postpartum asymptomatic). Greater MAO-A VT in the PFC and ACC represents a new biomarker in PPD, and the PPD symptom of predisposition to crying. Novel strategies for preventing PPD (and some PPD symptoms) may be possible by avoiding environmental conditions that elevate MAO-A level and enhancing conditions that normalize MAO-A level. These findings also argue for clinical trials in PPD with the newer, well-tolerated MAO-A inhibitor antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacher
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig and Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Vivien Rekkas
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Romano
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinous Hamidi
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Fan
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E Stewart
- Women's Health Program and the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,CAMH Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8, Tel.: 416 535 8501 (ext 34007), Fax: 416 979 4656, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kenk M, Selvanathan T, Rao N, Suridjan I, Rusjan P, Remington G, Meyer JH, Wilson AA, Houle S, Mizrahi R. Imaging neuroinflammation in gray and white matter in schizophrenia: an in-vivo PET study with [18F]-FEPPA. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:85-93. [PMID: 25385788 PMCID: PMC4266311 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and abnormal immune responses have been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Past studies using positron emission tomography (PET) that examined neuroinflammation in patients with SCZ in vivo using the translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) target were limited by the insensitivity of the first-generation imaging agent [(11)C]-PK11195, scanners used, and the small sample sizes studied. Present study uses a novel second-generation TSPO PET radioligand N-acetyl-N-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxy-5-pyridinamine ([(18)F]-FEPPA) to evaluate whether there is increased neuroinflammation in patients with SCZ. A cross-sectional study was performed using [(18)F]-FEPPA and a high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT). Eighteen patients with SCZ with ongoing psychotic symptoms and 27 healthy volunteers (HV) were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric clinical setting and the community, respectively. All participants underwent [(18)F]-FEPPA PET and magnetic resonance imaging, and PET data were analyzed to obtain [(18)F]-FEPPA total volume of distribution (VT) using a 2-tissue compartment model with an arterial plasma input function, as previously validated. All subjects were classified as high-, medium- or low-affinity [(18)F]-FEPPA binders on the basis of rs6971 polymorphism, and genotype information was incorporated into the analyses of imaging outcomes. No significant differences in neuroinflammation indexed as [(18)F]-FEPPA VT were observed between groups in either gray (F(1,39) = 0.179, P = .674) or white matter regions (F(1,38) = 0.597, P = .445). The lack of significant difference in neuroinflammation in treated patients with SCZ in the midst of a psychotic episode and HV suggests that neuroinflammatory processes may take place early in disease progression or are affected by antipsychotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miran Kenk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thiviya Selvanathan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naren Rao
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivonne Suridjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Christopher L, Duff-Canning S, Koshimori Y, Segura B, Boileau I, Chen R, Lang AE, Houle S, Rusjan P, Strafella AP. Salience network and parahippocampal dopamine dysfunction in memory-impaired Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2014; 77:269-80. [PMID: 25448687 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are vulnerable to dementia and frequently experience memory deficits. This could be the result of dopamine dysfunction in corticostriatal networks (salience, central executive networks, and striatum) and/or the medial temporal lobe. Our aim was to investigate whether dopamine dysfunction in these regions contributes to memory impairment in PD. METHODS We used positron emission tomography imaging to compare D2 receptor availability in the cortex and striatal (limbic and associative) dopamine neuron integrity in 4 groups: memory-impaired PD (amnestic MCI; n = 9), PD with nonamnestic MCI (n = 10), PD without MCI (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 14). Subjects were administered a full neuropsychological test battery for cognitive performance. RESULTS Memory-impaired patients demonstrated more significant reductions in D2 receptor binding in the salience network (insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] and the right parahippocampal gyrus [PHG]) compared to healthy controls and patients with no MCI. They also presented reductions in the right insula and right ACC compared to nonamnestic MCI patients. D2 levels were correlated with memory performance in the right PHG and left insula of amnestic patients and with executive performance in the bilateral insula and left ACC of all MCI patients. Associative striatal dopamine denervation was significant in all PD patients. INTERPRETATION Dopaminergic differences in the salience network and the medial temporal lobe contribute to memory impairment in PD. Furthermore, these findings indicate the vulnerability of the salience network in PD and its potential role in memory and executive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Christopher
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boileau I, Bloomfield PM, Rusjan P, Mizrahi R, Mufti A, Vitcu I, Kish SJ, Houle S, Wilson AA, Tong J. Whole-body radiation dosimetry of 11C-carbonyl-URB694: a PET tracer for fatty acid amide hydrolase. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1993-7. [PMID: 25413137 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.146464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (11)C-carbonyl-URB694 ((11)C-CURB) is a novel (11)C-labeled suicide irreversible radiotracer for PET developed as a surrogate measure of activity of the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase. The aim of the study was to investigate the whole-body biodistribution and estimate the radiation dosimetry from (11)C-CURB scans in humans. METHODS Six healthy volunteers (3 men and 3 women) completed a single whole-body scan (∼120 min, 9 time frames) on a PET/CT scanner after administration of (11)C-CURB (∼350 MBq and ∼2 μg). Time-radioactivity curves were extracted in 11 manually delineated organs and corrected for injected activity, specific organ density, and volume to obtain normalized cumulated activities. OLINDA/EXM 1.1 was used to estimate standard internal dose exposure in each organ. The mean effective dose was calculated using the male and female models for the full sample and female-only sample, respectively. RESULTS (11)C-CURB was well tolerated in all subjects, with no radiotracer-related adverse event reported. The mean effective dose (±SD) was estimated to be 4.6 ± 0.3 μSv/MBq for all subjects and 5.2 ± 0.3 μSv/MBq for the female sample. Organs with the highest normalized cumulated activities (in h) were the liver (0.117), gallbladder wall (0.046), and small intestine (0.033), and organs with the highest dose exposure (in μGy/MBq) were the gallbladder wall (111 ± 60) > liver (21 ± 7), kidney (14 ± 3), and small intestine (12 ± 2). CONCLUSION Organ radiation exposure for the irreversible fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme probe (11)C-CURB is within the same range as other radiotracers labeled with (11)C, thus allowing for safe, serial PET scans in the same individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Bloomfield
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Irina Vitcu
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rekkas PV, Wilson AA, Lee VWH, Yogalingam P, Sacher J, Rusjan P, Houle S, Stewart DE, Kolla NJ, Kish S, Chiuccariello L, Meyer JH. Greater monoamine oxidase a binding in perimenopausal age as measured with carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography. JAMA Psychiatry 2014; 71:873-9. [PMID: 24898155 PMCID: PMC4942269 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Perimenopause is a period of high risk for mood disorders, and it has been proposed that perimenopause is also a window of risk for processes linked to later dementia. However, in human perimenopause, the neurobiological changes implicated in the genesis of mood disorders or dementia have not been identified. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an important brain enzyme that creates oxidative stress, influences apoptosis, and metabolizes monoamines. After declines in estrogen level, MAO-A density may be elevated for a month or longer, and repeated declines in estrogen level occur with greater magnitude during perimenopause. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether MAO-A total distribution volume (VT), an index of MAO-A density, is elevated in women of perimenopausal age (41-51 years). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital, 58 women underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography. These included 19 young women of reproductive age (mean [SD], 28.26 [5.05] years), 27 women of perimenopausal age (mean [SD] age, 45.21 [3.41] years; including 14 women with change in menstrual cycle length with a mean [SD] age of 45.50 [4.00] years and 13 women with no change in menstrual cycle length with a mean [SD] age of 44.92 [2.81] years), and 12 women in menopause (mean [SD] age, 56.25 [3.19] years). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Values of MAO-A VT in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain. RESULTS On average, MAO-A VT in perimenopausal age was elevated by 34% compared with reproductive age and by 16% compared with menopause (multivariate analysis of variance, group effect, F16,94 = 3.03; P < .001). Within the perimenopausal age group, meeting Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop criteria for perimenopause, which is mainly based on menstrual cycle length, was not associated with MAO-A VT (F8,18 = 0.548; P = .81) but tendency to cry was positively correlated with MAO-A VT in the prefrontal cortex (r = 0.54; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first report of a change in a central biomarker during perimenopausal age that is also present during major depressive episodes and high-risk states for major depressive episodes. The functions of MAO-A influence oxidative stress and apoptosis, 2 processes implicated as excessive in both mood disorders and dementia. Hence, greater MAO-A VT during perimenopause may represent a new target for assessing novel interventions to prevent mood disorders and reduce longer-term risk of neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Vivien Rekkas
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Wai Han Lee
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priyanga Yogalingam
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Sacher
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E. Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Women’s Health Program, and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan J. Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Kish
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Chiuccariello
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mizrahi R, Kenk M, Suridjan I, Boileau I, George TP, McKenzie K, Wilson AA, Houle S, Rusjan P. Stress-induced dopamine response in subjects at clinical high risk for schizophrenia with and without concurrent cannabis use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1479-89. [PMID: 24385130 PMCID: PMC3988552 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on the environmental risk factors for schizophrenia has focused on either psychosocial stress or drug exposure, with limited investigation of their interaction. A heightened dopaminergic stress response in patients with schizophrenia and individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) supports the dopaminergic sensitization hypothesis. Cannabis is believed to contribute to the development of schizophrenia, possibly through a cross-sensitization with stress. Twelve CHR and 12 cannabis-using CHR (CHR-CU, 11 dependent) subjects underwent [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography scans, while performing a Sensorimotor Control Task (SMCT) and a stress condition (Montreal Imaging Stress task). The simplified reference tissue model was used to obtain binding potential relative to non-displaceable binding (BPND) in the whole striatum, its functional subdivisions (limbic striatum (LST), associative striatum (AST), and sensorimotor striatum (SMST)), globus pallidus (GP), and substantia nigra (SN). Changes in BPND, reflecting alterations in synaptic dopamine (DA) levels, were tested with analysis of variance. SMCT BPND was not significantly different between groups in any brain region (p>0.21). Although stress elicited a significant reduction in BPND in the CHR group, CHR-CU group exhibited an increase in BPND. Stress-induced changes in regional BPND between CHR-CU and CHR were significantly different in AST (p<0.001), LST (p=0.007), SMST (p=0.002), SN (p=0.021), and whole striatum (p=0.001), with trend level in the GP (p=0.099). All subjects experienced an increase in positive (attenuated) psychotic symptoms (p=0.001) following the stress task. Our results suggest altered DA stress reactivity in CHR subjects who concurrently use cannabis, as compared with CHR subjects. Our finding does not support the cross-sensitization hypothesis, which posits greater dopaminergic reactivity to stress in CHR cannabis users, but adds to the growing body of literature showing reduced DA (stress) response in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mizrahi
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: +1 416 535 8501 (ext 4508), Fax: +1 416 979 4656, E-mail:
| | - Miran Kenk
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivonne Suridjan
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kwame McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Christopher L, Marras C, Duff-Canning S, Koshimori Y, Chen R, Boileau I, Segura B, Monchi O, Lang AE, Rusjan P, Houle S, Strafella AP. Combined insular and striatal dopamine dysfunction are associated with executive deficits in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 137:565-75. [PMID: 24334314 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability to dynamically use various aspects of cognition is essential to daily function, and reliant on dopaminergic transmission in cortico-striatal circuitry. Our aim was to investigate both striatal and cortical dopaminergic changes in patients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment, who represent a vulnerable group for the development of dementia. We hypothesized severe striatal dopamine denervation in the associative (i.e. cognitive) region and cortical D2 receptor abnormalities in the salience and executive networks in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment compared with cognitively normal patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy control subjects. We used positron emission tomography imaging with dopaminergic ligands (11)C-dihydrotetrabenazine, to investigate striatal dopamine neuron integrity in the associative subdivision and (11)C-FLB 457, to investigate cortical D2 receptor availability in patients with Parkinson's disease (55-80 years of age) with mild cognitive impairment (n = 11), cognitively normal patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 11) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 14). Subjects were administered a neuropsychological test battery to assess cognitive status and determine the relationship between dopaminergic changes and cognitive performance. We found that patients with mild cognitive impairment had severe striatal dopamine depletion in the associative (i.e. cognitive) subdivision as well as reduced D2 receptor availability in the bilateral insula, a key cognitive hub, compared to cognitively normal patients and healthy subjects after controlling for age, disease severity and daily dopaminergic medication intake. Associative striatal dopamine depletion was predictive of D2 receptor loss in the insula of patients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment, demonstrating interrelated striatal and cortical changes. Insular D2 levels also predicted executive abilities in these patients as measured using a composite executive z-score obtained from neuropsychological testing. Furthermore we assessed cortical thickness to ensure that D2 receptor changes were not confounded by brain atrophy. There was no difference between groups in cortical thickness in the insula, or any other cortical region of interest. These findings suggest that striatal dopamine denervation combined with insular D2 receptor loss underlie mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and in particular decline in executive function. Furthermore, these findings suggest a crucial and direct role for dopaminergic modulation in the insula in facilitating cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Christopher
- 1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mizrahi R, Suridjan I, Kenk M, George TP, Wilson A, Houle S, Rusjan P. Dopamine response to psychosocial stress in chronic cannabis users: a PET study with [11C]-+-PHNO. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:673-82. [PMID: 23212454 PMCID: PMC3572464 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of addictions have been linked with decreased striatal dopamine (DA) receptor availability and DA release. Stress has a key role in cannabis craving, as well as in modulation of dopaminergic signaling. The present study aimed to assess DA release in response to a laboratory stress task with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography in cannabis users (CU). Thirteen healthy CU and 12 healthy volunteers (HV) were scanned during a sensorimotor control task (SMCT) and under a stress condition using the validated Montreal imaging stress task (MIST). The simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) was used to obtain binding potential (BP(ND)) in striatal subdivisions: limbic striatum (LST), associative striatum (AST), and sensorimotor striatum (SMST). Stress-induced DA release (indexed as a percentage of reduction in [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO BP (ND)) between CU and HV was tested with analysis of variance. SMCT BP(ND) was significantly higher in CU compared with HV in the AST (F=10.38, p=0.003), LST (F=4.95, p=0.036), SMST (F=4.33, p=0.048), and whole striatum (F=9.02, p=0.006). Percentage of displacement (change in BP(ND) between SMCT and MIST PET scans) was not significantly different across groups in any brain region, except in the GP (-5.03±14.6 in CU, compared with 6.15±12.1 in HV; F=4.39, p=0.049). Duration of cannabis use was significantly associated with stress-induced [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO displacement by endogenous DA in the LST (r=0.566, p=0.044), with no effect in any other brain region. In conclusion, despite an increase in striatal BP(ND) observed during the control task, chronic cannabis use is not associated with alterations in stress-induced DA release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ivonne Suridjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miran Kenk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ko JH, Koshimori Y, Mizrahi R, Rusjan P, Wilson AA, Lang AE, Houle S, Strafella AP. Voxel-based imaging of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in high-resolution PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:348-50. [PMID: 23281426 PMCID: PMC3587822 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has received significant attention as potential biomarker of microglia activation. Several radioligands have been designed with improved properties. Our group recently developed an (18)F-labeled TSPO ligand, [(18)F]-FEPPA, and confirmed its reliability with a 2-tissue compartment model. Here, we extended, in a group of healthy subjects, its suitability for use in voxel-based analysis with the newly proposed graphical analysis approach, Relative-Equilibrium-Gjedde-Patlak (REGP) plot. The REGP plot successfully replicated the total distribution volumes estimated by the 2-tissue compartment model. We also showed its proof-of-concept in a patient with possible meningioma showing increased [(18)F]-FEPPA total distribution volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ko
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Suridjan I, Rusjan P, Addington J, Wilson AA, Houle S, Mizrahi R. Dopamine D2 and D3 binding in people at clinical high risk for schizophrenia, antipsychotic-naive patients and healthy controls while performing a cognitive task. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:98-106. [PMID: 23010256 PMCID: PMC3581597 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine (DA) D2 receptors exist in 2 states: a high-affinity state (D2 high) that is linked to second messenger systems, responsible for functional effects, exhibits high affinity for agonists (e.g., DA), and a low-affinity state that is functionally inert exhibits lower affinity for agonists. The DA D3 receptor subtype exhibits high agonist affinity, whereas the existence of the multiple affinity states is controversial. Preclinical studies in animal models of psychosis have shown a selective increase of D2 high as the common factor in psychosis, and the D3 receptor has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. METHODS We studied D2 high and D3 in people at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia and in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia using the novel positron emission tomography radiotracer, [11C]-(+)-PHNO. The binding potential nondisplaceable (BP(ND)) was examined in the regions of interest (ROI; caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and thalamus) using an ROI and a voxel-wise approach while participants performed a cognitive task. RESULTS We recruited 12 CHR individuals and 13 antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, whom we compared with 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The BP(ND) between patients and controls did not differ in any of the ROIs, consistent with the voxel-wise analysis. Correlations between the BP(ND) in D3-rich regions and psychopathology warrant further investigation. LIMITATIONS In the absence of resting-state (baseline) BP(ND) data, or following a depletion paradigm (i.e., α-methyl partyrosine), it is not possible to ascertain whether the lack of difference among the groups is owing to different levels of baseline DA or to release during the cognitive task. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, the present study represents the first effort to measure the D2 and D3 receptors under a cognitive challenge in individuals putative/prodromal for schizophrenia using [11C]-(+)-PHNO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Romina Mizrahi
- Correspondence to: R. Mizrahi, PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto ON M5T 1R8;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mizrahi R, Rusjan P, Vitcu I, Ng A, Wilson AA, Houle S, Bloomfield PM. Whole-Body Distribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 11C-(+)-PHNO, a D 2/3 Agonist Ligand. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1802-6. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
38
|
Sacher J, Rabiner EA, Clark M, Rusjan P, Soliman A, Boskovic R, Kish SJ, Wilson AA, Houle S, Meyer JH. Dynamic, adaptive changes in MAO-A binding after alterations in substrate availability: an in vivo [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:443-6. [PMID: 22186668 PMCID: PMC3293124 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an important target in the pathophysiology and therapeutics of major depressive disorder, aggression, and neurodegenerative conditions. We measured the effect of changes in MAO-A substrate on MAO-A binding in regions implicated in affective and neurodegenerative disease with [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers. Monoamine oxidase A V(T), an index of MAO-A density, was decreased (mean: 14%±9%) following tryptophan depletion in prefrontal cortex (P<0.031), and elevated (mean: 17%±11%) in striatum following carbidopa-levodopa administration (P<0.007). These findings suggest an adaptive role for MAO-A in maintaining monoamine neurotransmitter homeostasis by rapidly compensating fluctuating monoamine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacher
- Vivian M Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ko JH, Antonelli F, Monchi O, Ray N, Rusjan P, Houle S, Lang AE, Christopher L, Strafella AP. Prefrontal dopaminergic receptor abnormalities and executive functions in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1591-604. [PMID: 22331665 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The main pattern of cognitive impairments seen in early to moderate stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) includes deficits of executive functions. These nonmotor complications have a significant impact on the quality of life and day-to-day activities of PD patients and are not effectively managed by current therapies, a problem which is almost certainly due to the fact that the disease extends beyond the nigrostriatal system. To investigate the role of extrastriatal dopamine in executive function in PD, PD patients and a control group were studied with positron-emission-tomography using a high-affinity dopamine D2/D3 receptor tracer, [(11) C]FLB-457. All participants were scanned twice while performing an executive task and a control task. Patients were off medication for at least 12 h. The imaging analysis revealed that parkinsonian patients had lower [(11) C]FLB-457 binding than control group independently of task conditions across different brain regions. Cognitive assessment measures were positively correlated with [(11) C]FLB-457 binding in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex only in control group, but not in PD patients. Within the control group, during the executive task (as compared to control task), there was evidence of reduced [(11) C]FLB-457 binding (indicative of increased dopamine release) in the right orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, PD patients did not show any reduction in binding during the executive task (as compared with control task). These findings suggest that PD patients present significant abnormalities in extrastriatal dopamine associated with executive processing. These observations provide important insights on the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ko
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith GS, Kahn A, Sacher J, Rusjan P, van Eimeren T, Flint A, Wilson AA. Serotonin transporter occupancy and the functional neuroanatomic effects of citalopram in geriatric depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19:1016-25. [PMID: 21841458 PMCID: PMC3968900 DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e318227f83f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The functional neuroanatomic changes associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment have been the focus of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in geriatric depression. DESIGN To evaluate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms, both cerebral glucose metabolism and serotonin transporter (SERT) availability were measured before and during treatment with the SSRI, citalopram. It was hypothesized that SERT occupancy would be observed in cortical and limbic brain regions that have shown metabolic effects, as well as striatal and thalamic regions that have been implicated in prior studies in midlife patients. SETTING Psychiatric outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Seven depressed patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for current major depressive episode were enrolled. INTERVENTION Patients underwent a 12-week open-label trial of the SSRI, citalopram. MEASUREMENTS Patients underwent high-resolution research tomography PET scans to measure changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and SERT occupancy by citalopram treatment (after 8-10 weeks of treatment). RESULTS Three different tracer kinetic models were applied to the [¹¹C]-DASB region-of-interest data and yielded similar results of an average of greater than 70% SERT occupancy in the striatum and thalamus during citalopram treatment. Voxel-wise analyses showed significant SERT occupancy in these regions, as well as cortical (e.g., anterior cingulate, superior and middle frontal, precuneus, and limbic (parahippocampal gyrus) areas that also showed reductions in glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that cortical and limbic SERT occupancy may be an underlying mechanism for the regional cerebral metabolic effects of citalopram in geriatric depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sacher J, Houle S, Parkes J, Rusjan P, Sagrati S, Wilson AA, Meyer JH. Monoamine oxidase A inhibitor occupancy during treatment of major depressive episodes with moclobemide or St. John's wort: an [11C]-harmine PET study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011; 36:375-82. [PMID: 21463543 PMCID: PMC3201991 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor antidepressants raise levels of multiple monoamines, whereas the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) only raise extracellular serotonin. Despite this advantage of MAO-A inhibitors, there is much less frequent development of MAO inhibitors compared with SSRIs. We sought to measure brain MAO-A occupancy after 6 weeks of treatment in depressed patients with a clinically effective dose of a selective MAO-A inhibitor and measure MAO-A occupancy after repeated administration of St. John's wort, an herb purported to have MAO-A inhibitor properties. METHODS Participants underwent 2 [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography scans. Healthy controls completed a test-retest condition, and depressed patients were scanned before and after repeated administration of moclobemide or St. John's wort for 6 weeks at the assigned dose. We measured MAO-A VT, an index of MAO-A density, in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate and anterior temporal cortices, putamen, thalamus, midbrain and hippocampus. RESULTS We included 23 participants (10 controls and 13 patients with major depressive disorder [MDD]) in our study. Monoamine oxidase A VT decreased significantly throughout all regions after moclobemide treatment in patients with MDD compared with controls (repeated-measures analysis of variance, F1,15 = 71.08-130.06, p < 0.001 for all regions, mean occupancy 74% [standard deviation 6%]). Treatment with St. John's wort did not significantly alter MAO-A VT. LIMITATIONS The occupancy estimates are limited by the sample size of each treatment group; hence, our estimate for the overall moclobemide occupancy of 74% has a 95% confidence interval of 70%-78%, and we can estimate with 95% certainty that the occupancy of St. John's wort is less than 5%. CONCLUSION For new MAO-A inhibitors, about 74% occupancy at steady-state dosing is desirable. Consistent with this, St. John's wort should not be classified as an MAO-A inhibitor. The magnitude of MAO-A blockade during moclobemide treatment exceeds the elevation of MAO-A binding during illness by at least 30%, suggesting that the treatment effect should exceed the disease effect when designing selective antidepressants for this target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Correspondence to: Dr. J.H. Meyer, College Street Site, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, PET Centre, 250 College St., Toronto ON M5T 1R8;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bacher I, Houle S, Xu X, Zawertailo L, Soliman A, Wilson AA, Selby P, George TP, Sacher J, Miler L, Kish SJ, Rusjan P, Meyer JH. Monoamine oxidase A binding in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices during acute withdrawal from heavy cigarette smoking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:817-26. [PMID: 21810646 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Greater prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) binding is associated with depressed mood. Substances in cigarette smoke, such as harman, inhibit MAO-A, and cigarette withdrawal is associated with depressed mood. Dysphoria during cigarette withdrawal predicts relapse. It is unknown whether MAO-A binding increases during early cigarette withdrawal. OBJECTIVES To measure prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A binding during acute cigarette withdrawal and to assess the relationship with smoking severity, plasma levels of harman, and severity of depression. DESIGN Study via positron emission tomography of healthy control and cigarette-smoking individuals. PATIENTS Twenty-four healthy nonsmoking and 24 otherwise healthy cigarette-smoking individuals underwent positron emission tomography with harmine labeled with carbon 11. Healthy nonsmoking individuals underwent scanning once. Cigarette-smoking individuals underwent scanning after acute withdrawal and after active cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking was heavy (≥25 cigarettes per day) or moderate (15-24 cigarettes per day). SETTING Tertiary care psychiatric hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE An index of MAO-A density, MAO-A V(T), was measured in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. RESULTS In heavy-smoking individuals, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A V(T) was greater during withdrawal (23.7% and 33.3%, respectively; repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance, F(1,22) = 25.58, P < .001). During withdrawal from heavy smoking, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A V(T) was greater than in healthy controls (25.0% and 25.6%, respectively; multivariate analysis of variance, F(2,33) = 6.72, P = .004). The difference in MAO-A V(T) in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex between withdrawal and active, heavy smoking covaried with change in plasma harman levels in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (multivariate analysis of covariance, F(1,10) = 9.97, P = .01). The change in MAO-A V(T) between withdrawal and active, heavy smoking also covaried with severity of depression (multivariate analysis of covariance, F(1,10) = 11.91, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS The increase in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A binding and associated reduction in plasma harman level represent a novel, additional explanation for depressed mood during withdrawal from heavy cigarette smoking. This finding resolves a longstanding paradox regarding the association of cigarette smoking with depression and suicide and argues for additional clinical trials on the effects of MAO-A inhibitors on quitting heavy cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bacher
- Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mizrahi R, Agid O, Borlido C, Suridjan I, Rusjan P, Houle S, Remington G, Wilson AA, Kapur S. Effects of antipsychotics on D3 receptors: a clinical PET study in first episode antipsychotic naive patients with schizophrenia using [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Schizophr Res 2011; 131:63-8. [PMID: 21684721 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Most antipsychotics are thought to have an effect on D(2) and D(3) receptors, although their D(3), versus D(2) binding has not been clearly established in vivo in humans. However, the development of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO now permits the differentiation of antipsychotic activity on these two receptor subtypes. In this study we examined the effects of antipsychotics on D(2) and D(3) receptors by comparing [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO in D(2)-rich (caudate, CAU and putamen, PUT), mixed (ventral striatum) and D(3)-rich (globus-pallidus, GP and substantia nigra, SN) regions before and after the initiation of antipsychotic medication. The investigation therefore represents a longitudinal within-subject follow-up design wherein antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were first scanned in a drug-naïve state and then again after ~2.5 weeks of antipsychotic treatment (risperidone or olanzapine). Binding potential (non displaceable or BP(ND)) was obtained to derive estimates of drug occupancy in the identified brain regions. Antipsychotic treatment was associated with the expected occupancies in the D(2)-rich regions; unexpectedly though, patients showed a higher, rather than the expected lower, [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO BP(ND) in the GP and SN despite simultaneous evidence for ongoing D(2) blockade in the other regions (CAU and PUT). In conclusion, patients treated with atypical antipsychotics demonstrated no evidence of D(3) receptor occupancy, but instead possible D(3) up-regulation following short-term treatment. The present findings add to a very limited body of evidence related to D(3) binding in vivo. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO offer new opportunities for exploring the potential therapeutic significance of the D(3) receptor in schizophrenia and the action of antipsychotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mizrahi
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Verhoeff N, Honjo K, Kaye E, Petrovic‐Poljak A, Wilson A, Rusjan P, Houle S, Reekum R, Freedman M, Black S. IC‐P‐141: Amyloid imaging with [11C]SB‐13 PET in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease: A test‐retest reliability study of distribution volume ratio estimates. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kie Honjo
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Edward Kaye
- Baycrest Kunin‐Lunenfeld Applied Research UnitTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Alan Wilson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sandra Black
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Soliman A, Bagby RM, Wilson AA, Miler L, Clark M, Rusjan P, Sacher J, Houle S, Meyer JH. Relationship of monoamine oxidase A binding to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits. Psychol Med 2011; 41:1051-1060. [PMID: 20810002 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an important enzyme that metabolizes monoamines such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. In prefrontal cortex, low MAOA binding is associated with aggression and high binding is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and also risk for recurrence of depressive episodes. In rodent models, low MAOA levels are associated with increased aggression and fear conditioning, and decreased social and exploratory investigative behaviors. Our objective was to measure MAOA binding in prefrontal cortex and concurrently evaluate a broad range of validated personality traits. We hypothesized that prefrontal MAOA binding would correlate negatively with angry-hostility, a trait related to aggression/anger, and positively with traits intuitively related to adaptive investigative behavior. METHOD Participants were aged 19-49 years, healthy and non-smoking. MAOA binding was measured with [11C]harmine positron emission tomography (PET) in prefrontal brain regions and personality traits were measured with the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R). RESULTS Prefrontal MAOA binding correlated negatively with angry-hostility (r=-0.515, p=0.001) and positively with deliberation (r=0.514, p=0.001). In a two-factor regression model, these facets explained 38% of variance in prefrontal MAOA binding. A similar relationship was found in prefrontal cortex subregions. CONCLUSIONS We propose a new continuum describing the relationship between personality and MAOA: deliberate/thoughtful contrasting aggressive/impulsive. Additionally, the association between high MAOA binding and greater deliberation may explain why some people have moderately high levels of MAOA, although very high levels occur during MDD. In health, higher MAOA binding is associated with an adaptive personality facet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Soliman
- Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Boileau I, Guttman M, Adams JR, Houle S, Tong J, Rusjan P, Wilson A, Kapur S, Kish SJ. Parkinson's disease, impulse control disorder and the D3 dopamine receptor system: Preliminary PET imaging studies with [11C](+)PHNO comparison with [11C]racloride. Neuroimage 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
47
|
Verhoeff NP, Honjo K, Kaye ED, Petrovic-Poljak A, Wilson AA, Rusjan P, Houle S, Reekum R, Freedman M, Black S. IC‐P‐049: Amyloid Imaging with [
11
C]SB‐13 PET: A Test‐Retest Reliability Study. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas P.L.G. Verhoeff
- Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit and Department of Psychiatry BaycrestToronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
| | - Kie Honjo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto ON Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
| | - Edward D. Kaye
- Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit and Department of Psychiatry BaycrestToronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
| | | | - Alan A. Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto ON Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto ON Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto ON Canada
| | - Robert Reekum
- Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
| | - Morris Freedman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
- Rotman Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine BaycrestToronto ON Canada
| | - Sandra Black
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto ON Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of TorontoToronto ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sacher J, Wilson AA, Houle S, Rusjan P, Hassan S, Bloomfield PM, Stewart DE, Meyer JH. Elevated brain monoamine oxidase A binding in the early postpartum period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:468-74. [PMID: 20439828 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The early postpartum period is a time of high risk for a major depressive episode (or postpartum depression), with a prevalence of 13%. During this time, there is a heightened vulnerability for low mood because postpartum blues is common. Severe postpartum blues can herald the onset of postpartum depression. The neurobiological mechanisms to explain postpartum blues and the high risk for the onset of postpartum depression in the first few weeks after delivery are unclear. Estrogen levels drop 100- to 1000-fold during the first 3 to 4 days postpartum, and changes in estrogen levels have an inverse relationship with monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) density. However, MAO-A levels have never been measured in the early postpartum period. OBJECTIVE To determine whether brain MAO-A binding is elevated in the early postpartum period. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary care academic psychiatric hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen healthy women who were 4 to 6 days postpartum and 15 healthy women who had not recently been postpartum underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography scanning. All women were nonsmoking and medication free. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE MAO-A total distribution volume, an index of MAO-A density, was measured in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, anterior temporal cortex, thalamus, dorsal putamen, hippocampus, and midbrain. RESULTS MAO-A total distribution volume was significantly elevated (mean, 43%) throughout all analyzed brain regions during the early postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MAO-A levels in the early postpartum period can be interpreted as a marker of a monoamine-lowering process that contributes to the mood change of postpartum blues. Rather than a purely psychosocial model, we propose a neurobiological model of estrogen decline, followed by elevated MAO-A binding, low mood, and subsequently a period of high risk for major depressive episodes. Our model has important implications for preventing postpartum depression and for developing therapeutic strategies that target or compensate for elevated MAO-A levels during postpartum blues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacher
- Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Steeves TDL, Ko JH, Kideckel DM, Rusjan P, Houle S, Sandor P, Lang AE, Strafella AP. Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:170-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
50
|
Meyer JH, Wilson AA, Sagrati S, Miler L, Rusjan P, Bloomfield PM, Clark M, Sacher J, Voineskos AN, Houle S. Brain monoamine oxidase A binding in major depressive disorder: relationship to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, recovery, and recurrence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:1304-12. [PMID: 19996035 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Highly significant elevations in regional brain monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) binding were recently reported during major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive disorder (MDD). The relationship between MAO-A levels and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, recovery, and recurrence in MDD is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether brain MAO-A binding changes after SSRI treatment, whether brain MAO-A binding normalizes in subjects with MDD in recovery, and whether there is a relationship between prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A binding in recovery and subsequent recurrence of MDE. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary care psychiatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight healthy subjects, 16 subjects with an MDE secondary to MDD, and 18 subjects with MDD in recovery underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography scans. Subjects with MDE were scanned before and after 6 weeks of SSRI treatment. All were otherwise healthy, nonsmoking, and medication free. Subjects with MDD in recovery were followed up for 6 months after MAO-A binding measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Monoamine oxidase A V(T), an index of MAO-A density, was measured in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, ventral striatum, thalamus, anterior temporal cortex, midbrain, and hippocampus. RESULTS Monoamine oxidase A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region both during MDE and after SSRI treatment as compared with healthy controls. During recovery, MAO-A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region; however, those who went on to recurrence had significantly higher MAO-A V(T) in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MAO-A binding after SSRI treatment indicates persistence of a monoamine-lowering process not present in health. This provides a strong conceptual rationale for continuing SSRI treatment during early remission. Greater MAO-A binding in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in subjects with MDD in recovery and its association with subsequent recurrence argue that deficient monoamine neuromodulation may persist into recovery and contribute to recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Meyer
- Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|