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Ciaramellano F, Scipioni L, Belà B, Pignataro G, Giacovazzo G, Angelucci CB, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Gramenzi A, Oddi S. Combination of Hydrolysable Tannins and Zinc Oxide on Enterocyte Functionality: In Vitro Insights. Biomolecules 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 38927069 PMCID: PMC11201419 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of gastrointestinal disease in animals represents a significant challenge in veterinary and zootechnic practice. Traditionally, acute symptoms have been treated with antibiotics and high doses of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for microbial resistance and ecological detriment due to the excessive application of this compound. These concerns highlight the urgency of minimizing the use of ZnO and exploring sustainable nutritional solutions. Hydrolysable tannins (HTs), which are known for their role in traditional medicine for acute gastrointestinal issues, have emerged as a promising alternative. This study examined the combined effect of food-grade HTs and subtherapeutic ZnO concentration on relevant biological functions of Caco-2 cells, a widely used model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. We found that, when used together, ZnO and HTs (ZnO/HTs) enhanced tissue repair and improved epithelial barrier function, normalizing the expression and functional organization of tight junction proteins. Finally, the ZnO/HTs combination strengthened enterocytes' defense against oxidative stress induced by inflammation stimuli. In conclusion, combining ZnO and HTs may offer a suitable and practical approach for decreasing ZnO levels in veterinary nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciaramellano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Scipioni
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Belà
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
| | | | | | - Alessandro Gramenzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Sergio Oddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy (G.P.)
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
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2
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. The Importance and Essentiality of Natural and Synthetic Chelators in Medicine: Increased Prospects for the Effective Treatment of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4654. [PMID: 38731873 PMCID: PMC11083551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The supply and control of iron is essential for all cells and vital for many physiological processes. All functions and activities of iron are expressed in conjunction with iron-binding molecules. For example, natural chelators such as transferrin and chelator-iron complexes such as haem play major roles in iron metabolism and human physiology. Similarly, the mainstay treatments of the most common diseases of iron metabolism, namely iron deficiency anaemia and iron overload, involve many iron-chelator complexes and the iron-chelating drugs deferiprone (L1), deferoxamine (DF) and deferasirox. Endogenous chelators such as citric acid and glutathione and exogenous chelators such as ascorbic acid also play important roles in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. Recent advances in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia with effective iron complexes such as the ferric iron tri-maltol complex (feraccru or accrufer) and the effective treatment of transfusional iron overload using L1 and L1/DF combinations have decreased associated mortality and morbidity and also improved the quality of life of millions of patients. Many other chelating drugs such as ciclopirox, dexrazoxane and EDTA are used daily by millions of patients in other diseases. Similarly, many other drugs or their metabolites with iron-chelation capacity such as hydroxyurea, tetracyclines, anthracyclines and aspirin, as well as dietary molecules such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, maltol and many other phytochelators, are known to interact with iron and affect iron metabolism and related diseases. Different interactions are also observed in the presence of essential, xenobiotic, diagnostic and theranostic metal ions competing with iron. Clinical trials using L1 in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as HIV and other infections, cancer, diabetic nephropathy and anaemia of inflammation, highlight the importance of chelation therapy in many other clinical conditions. The proposed use of iron chelators for modulating ferroptosis signifies a new era in the design of new therapeutic chelation strategies in many other diseases. The introduction of artificial intelligence guidance for optimal chelation therapeutic outcomes in personalised medicine is expected to increase further the impact of chelation in medicine, as well as the survival and quality of life of millions of patients with iron metabolic disorders and also other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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3
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Adetola OY, Taylor JRN, Duodu KG. Can consumption of local micronutrient- and absorption enhancer-rich plant foods together with starchy staples improve bioavailable iron and zinc in diets of at-risk African populations? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:188-208. [PMID: 36843328 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2182740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc deficiencies remain prevalent in developing countries, often due to monotonous starchy diets that are low in bioavailable minerals. This review addresses the question as to whether consumption of starchy staple foods in Africa together with micronutrient-dense and absorption enhancer-rich plant foods can enhance iron and zinc bioavailability in the diets of at-risk populations. While green leafy vegetables (GLVs) fortification of starchy staples can improve mineral contents, especially iron, it may not improve bioavailable iron and zinc, due to GLVs' high contents of mineral absorption inhibitors, notably polyphenols, phytate and calcium. Fruits, although low in minerals, could improve bioavailable iron and zinc in the staples because of their high ascorbic and citric acid and/or β-carotene contents, which can form soluble chelates with the minerals. More human studies are needed to establish whether such a technology or fortification strategy can improve bioavailable iron and zinc in African-type plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyimika Y Adetola
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John R N Taylor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - K G Duodu
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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4
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GLPGPSGEEGKR: Fe2+ chelating characterization and potential transport pathways for improving Fe2+ bioavailability in Caco-2 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Tomar M, Bhardwaj R, Verma R, Singh SP, Dahuja A, Krishnan V, Kansal R, Yadav VK, Praveen S, Sachdev A. Interactome of millet-based food matrices: A review. Food Chem 2022; 385:132636. [PMID: 35339804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Millets are recently being recognized as emerging food ingredients with multifaceted applications. Whole grain flours made from millets, exhibit diverse chemical compositions, starch digestibility and physicochemical properties. A food matrix can be viewed as a section of food microstructure, commonly coinciding with a physical spatial domain that interacts or imparts specific functionalities to a particular food constituent. The complex millet-based food matrices can help individuals to attain nutritional benefits due to the intricate and unique digestive properties of these foods. This review helps to fundamentally understand the binary and ternary interactions of millet-based foods. Nutritional bioavailability and bioaccessibility are also discussed based on additive, synergistic, masking, the antagonistic or neutralizing effect of different food matrix components on each other and the surrounding medium. The molecular basis of these interactions and their effect on important functional attributes like starch retrogradation, gelling, pasting, water, and oil holding capacity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharishi Tomar
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India; Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Reetu Verma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR -Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 284003, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Yadav
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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6
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Questioning Established Theories and Treatment Methods Related to Iron and Other Metal Metabolic Changes, Affecting All Major Diseases and Billions of Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1364. [PMID: 35163288 PMCID: PMC8836132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical and scientific literature is dominated by highly cited historical theories and findings [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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7
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Kruger J, Taylor JRN, Ferruzzi MG, Debelo H. What is food-to-food fortification? A working definition and framework for evaluation of efficiency and implementation of best practices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3618-3658. [PMID: 33337067 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Food-to-food fortification (FtFF) is an emerging food-based strategy that can complement current strategies in the ongoing fight against micronutrient deficiencies, but it has not been defined or characterized. This review has proposed a working definition of FtFF. Comparison with other main food-based strategies clearly differentiates FtFF as an emerging strategy with the potential to address multiple micronutrient deficiencies simultaneously, with little dietary change required by consumers. A review of literature revealed that despite the limited number of studies (in vitro and in vivo), the diversity of food-based fortificants investigated and some contradictory data, there are promising fortificants, which have the potential to improve the amount of bioavailable iron, zinc, and provitamin A from starchy staple foods. These fortificants are typically fruits and vegetables, with high mineral as well as ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents. However, as the observed improvements in micronutrient bioavailability and status are relatively small, measuring the positive outcomes is more likely to be impactful only if the FtFF products are consumed as regular staples. Considering best practices in implementation of FtFF, raw material authentication and ingredient documentation are critical, especially as the contents of target micronutrients and bioavailability modulators as well as the microbiological quality of the plant-based fortificants can vary substantially. Also, as there are only few developed supply chains for plant-based fortificants, procurement of consistent materials may be problematic. This, however, provides the opportunity for value chain development, which can contribute towards the economic growth of communities, or hybrid approaches that leverage traditional premixes to standardize product micronutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanita Kruger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R N Taylor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Hawi Debelo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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8
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Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7080045. [PMID: 32751493 PMCID: PMC7460366 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of humans, and their deficiency can result in serious diseases. Their interaction is of nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological interest, with major implications in health and disease. Millions of people are using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations of these two nutrients, including ferrous ascorbate for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and ascorbate combination with deferoxamine for increasing iron excretion in iron overload. The main function and use of vitamin C is its antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species, which are implicated in many diseases of free radical pathology, including biomolecular-, cellular- and tissue damage-related diseases, as well as cancer and ageing. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites, including the ascorbate anion and oxalate, have metal binding capacity and bind iron, copper and other metals. The biological roles of ascorbate as a vitamin are affected by metal complexation, in particular following binding with iron and copper. Ascorbate forms a complex with Fe3+ followed by reduction to Fe2+, which may potentiate free radical production. The biological and clinical activities of iron, ascorbate and the ascorbate–iron complex can also be affected by many nutrients and pharmaceutical preparations. Optimal therapeutic strategies of improved efficacy and lower toxicity could be designed for the use of ascorbate, iron and the iron–ascorbate complex in different clinical conditions based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET), pharmacokinetic, redox and other properties. Similar strategies could also be designed in relation to their interactions with food components and pharmaceuticals, as well as in relation to other aspects concerning personalized medicine.
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9
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Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kontoghiorghe CN. Iron and Chelation in Biochemistry and Medicine: New Approaches to Controlling Iron Metabolism and Treating Related Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E1456. [PMID: 32545424 PMCID: PMC7349684 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all living organisms. Many iron-containing proteins and metabolic pathways play a key role in almost all cellular and physiological functions. The diversity of the activity and function of iron and its associated pathologies is based on bond formation with adjacent ligands and the overall structure of the iron complex in proteins or with other biomolecules. The control of the metabolic pathways of iron absorption, utilization, recycling and excretion by iron-containing proteins ensures normal biologic and physiological activity. Abnormalities in iron-containing proteins, iron metabolic pathways and also other associated processes can lead to an array of diseases. These include iron deficiency, which affects more than a quarter of the world's population; hemoglobinopathies, which are the most common of the genetic disorders and idiopathic hemochromatosis. Iron is the most common catalyst of free radical production and oxidative stress which are implicated in tissue damage in most pathologic conditions, cancer initiation and progression, neurodegeneration and many other diseases. The interaction of iron and iron-containing proteins with dietary and xenobiotic molecules, including drugs, may affect iron metabolic and disease processes. Deferiprone, deferoxamine, deferasirox and other chelating drugs can offer therapeutic solutions for most diseases associated with iron metabolism including iron overload and deficiency, neurodegeneration and cancer, the detoxification of xenobiotic metals and most diseases associated with free radical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, CY-3021 Limassol, Cyprus;
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10
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Maares M, Haase H. A Guide to Human Zinc Absorption: General Overview and Recent Advances of In Vitro Intestinal Models. Nutrients 2020; 12:E762. [PMID: 32183116 PMCID: PMC7146416 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc absorption in the small intestine is one of the main mechanisms regulating the systemic homeostasis of this essential trace element. This review summarizes the key aspects of human zinc homeostasis and distribution. In particular, current knowledge on human intestinal zinc absorption and the influence of diet-derived factors on bioaccessibility and bioavailability as well as intrinsic luminal and basolateral factors with an impact on zinc uptake are discussed. Their investigation is increasingly performed using in vitro cellular intestinal models, which are continually being refined and keep gaining importance for studying zinc uptake and transport via the human intestinal epithelium. The vast majority of these models is based on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 in combination with other relevant components of the intestinal epithelium, such as mucin-secreting goblet cells and in vitro digestion models, and applying improved compositions of apical and basolateral media to mimic the in vivo situation as closely as possible. Particular emphasis is placed on summarizing previous applications as well as key results of these models, comparing their results to data obtained in humans, and discussing their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maares
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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11
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Comparison between food-to-food fortification of pearl millet porridge with moringa leaves and baobab fruit and with adding ascorbic and citric acid on iron, zinc and other mineral bioaccessibility. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Blanco-Rojo R, Vaquero MP. Iron bioavailability from food fortification to precision nutrition. A review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Protective Role of Histidine Supplementation Against Oxidative Stress Damage in the Management of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040111. [PMID: 30347874 PMCID: PMC6315830 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a major health condition associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A key underlying cause of this disorder is iron deficiency. Although intravenous iron treatment can be beneficial in correcting CKD-associated anemia, surplus iron can be detrimental and cause complications. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly by mitochondria, leads to tissue oxidation and damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Oxidative stress increase in CKD has been further implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Iron supplementation leads to the availability of excess free iron that is toxic and generates ROS that is linked, in turn, to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. Histidine is indispensable to uremic patients because of the tendency toward negative plasma histidine levels. Histidine-deficient diets predispose healthy subjects to anemia and accentuate anemia in chronic uremic patients. Histidine is essential in globin synthesis and erythropoiesis and has also been implicated in the enhancement of iron absorption from human diets. Studies have found that L-histidine exhibits antioxidant capabilities, such as scavenging free radicals and chelating divalent metal ions, hence the advocacy for its use in improving oxidative stress in CKD. The current review advances and discusses evidence for iron-induced toxicity in CKD and the mechanisms by which histidine exerts cytoprotective functions.
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14
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Luo T, Lei L, Chen F, Zheng S, Deng Z. Iron homeostasis in the human body and nutritional iron deficiency and solutions in China. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Public Health Nanchang University Nanchang China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention Medicine Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Shilian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Ze‐yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang China
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15
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Pfaender S, Sauer AK, Hagmeyer S, Mangus K, Linta L, Liebau S, Bockmann J, Huguet G, Bourgeron T, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Zinc deficiency and low enterocyte zinc transporter expression in human patients with autism related mutations in SHANK3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45190. [PMID: 28345660 PMCID: PMC5366950 DOI: 10.1038/srep45190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMDS) is a genetic disorder characterized by features of Autism spectrum disorders. Similar to reports of Zn deficiency in autistic children, we have previously reported high incidence of Zn deficiency in PMDS. However, the underlying mechanisms are currently not well understood. Here, using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry to measure the concentration of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in hair samples from individuals with PMDS with 22q13.3 deletion including SHANK3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3), we report a high rate of abnormally low Zn/Cu ratios. To investigate possible underlying mechanisms, we generated enterocytes from PMDS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and used Caco-2 cells with knockdown of SHANK3. We detected decreased expression of Zn uptake transporters ZIP2 and ZIP4 on mRNA and protein level correlating with SHANK3 expression levels, and found reduced levels of ZIP4 protein co-localizing with SHANK3 at the plasma membrane. We demonstrated that especially ZIP4 exists in a complex with SHANK3. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry on gut sections from Shank3αβ knockout mice and confirmed a link between enterocytic SHANK3, ZIP2 and ZIP4. We conclude that apart from its well-known role in the CNS, SHANK3 might play a specific role in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pfaender
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Hagmeyer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Mangus
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonhard Linta
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 75013 Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Roussel G, Stevens V, Cottin S, McArdle HJ. The effect of amino acid deprivation on the transfer of iron through Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 40:82-90. [PMID: 28159226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) metabolism is modified by many nutritional factors. Amino acids (AA) play a central role in various biological processes, such as protein synthesis and energy supply. However, the influence of AA status on iron metabolism has not been investigated. Here, we test whether AA alters iron metabolism in an intestinal cell model. Both Fe uptake and transfer across the cell monolayer were significantly increased by non-essential AA deficiency (both p<0.001) while only Fe transfer was increased by essential AA deficiency (p<0.0001). Both essential and non-essential AA deficiency decreased DMT1 (±IRE) exon1A mRNA expression (respectively p=0.0007 and p=0.006) and increased expression of ferritin heavy chain. DMT1+IRE (also expressing exon1A or 1B) mRNA levels were decreased by essential AA deficiency (p=0.012). The mRNA levels of total DMT1 were also decreased by essential, but not non-essential, AA deficiency (p=0.006). Hepcidin levels were increased significantly by non-essential amino acid deprivation (p=0.047). Protein levels of ferroportin and/or ferritin heavy chain were not altered by AA deficiency, suggesting that they had no effect on Fe efflux or storage in the cell, though iron content of ferritin could be increased. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that AA status affects iron transport and the expression of genes related to iron metabolism in Caco-2 cells, although the changes observed are not sufficient to explain the alteration in iron transport. We hypothesise that the effect on Fe transfer is mediated through an increased movement across the cell layer, rather than transfer across the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenievre Roussel
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Valerie Stevens
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sarah Cottin
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Harry J McArdle
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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17
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Koike A, Sou J, Ohishi A, Nishida K, Nagasawa K. Inhibitory effect of divalent metal cations on zinc uptake via mouse Zrt-/Irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8). Life Sci 2016; 173:80-85. [PMID: 27956349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is controversy regarding the substrate specificity of ZIP8, a ZIP isoform, involved in regulation of extra- and intracellular zinc levels. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of divalent metal cations on zinc uptake via mouse ZIP8 (mZIP8). MAIN METHODS mZIP8 cDNA was transfected into HEK293T cells by a lipofection method, and its functional expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and 65Zn (65ZnCl2) uptake measurement. KEY FINDINGS Transfection of mZIP8 cDNA into HEK293T cells induced expression of mZIP8 in the cells, and increased zinc uptake. mZIP8-mediated zinc uptake depended on extracellular bicarbonate, and the Michaelis constant for the uptake was estimated to be 8.48±2.46μM. In the inhibition study, iron and cadmium competitively, and cobalt, nickel and copper non-competitively inhibited the mZIP8-mediated zinc uptake, the inhibition constants being calculated to be 3.37, 55.5, 80.6, 198 and 48.3μM, respectively. In contrast, magnesium and manganese at concentrations of up to 1500 and 200μM, respectively, had no inhibitory effect on the zinc uptake via mZIP8. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we reveal that the inhibition profiles of divalent metal cations as to zinc uptake via mZIP8 apparently differ from those for mZIP1, especially in the affinity and inhibition manner of nickel. These findings should contribute to identification of ZIP isoforms involved in total cellular zinc transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koike
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Jyakusho Sou
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohishi
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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18
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Kontoghiorghe CN, Kolnagou A, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Phytochelators Intended for Clinical Use in Iron Overload, Other Diseases of Iron Imbalance and Free Radical Pathology. Molecules 2015; 20:20841-72. [PMID: 26610453 PMCID: PMC6332094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron chelating drugs are primarily and widely used in the treatment of transfusional iron overload in thalassaemia and similar conditions. Recent in vivo and clinical studies have also shown that chelators, and in particular deferiprone, can be used effectively in many conditions involving free radical damage and pathology including neurodegenerative, renal, hepatic, cardiac conditions and cancer. Many classes of phytochelators (Greek: phyto (φυτό)—plant, chele (χηλή)—claw of the crab) with differing chelating properties, including plant polyphenols resembling chelating drugs, can be developed for clinical use. The phytochelators mimosine and tropolone have been identified to be orally active and effective in animal models for the treatment of iron overload and maltol for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Many critical parameters are required for the development of phytochelators for clinical use including the characterization of the therapeutic targets, ADMET, identification of the therapeutic index and risk/benefit assessment by comparison to existing therapies. Phytochelators can be developed and used as main, alternative or adjuvant therapies including combination therapies with synthetic chelators for synergistic and or complimentary therapeutic effects. The development of phytochelators is a challenging area for the introduction of new pharmaceuticals which can be used in many diseases and also in ageing. The commercial and other considerations for such development have great advantages in comparison to synthetic drugs and could also benefit millions of patients in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kontoghiorghe
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
| | - Annita Kolnagou
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
| | - George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
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19
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Prakash D, Lakshmi AJ. Preparation of caseinophosphopeptides and assessing their efficacy in enhancing the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Joshi V, Thatte P, Prakash J, Jyothi Lakshmi A. Effect of oilseed protein concentrates and exogenous amino acids on the dialysability of iron and zinc. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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de Brito NJN, Rocha ÉD, de Araújo Silva A, Costa JBS, França MC, das Graças Almeida M, Brandão-Neto J. Oral zinc supplementation decreases the serum iron concentration in healthy schoolchildren: a pilot study. Nutrients 2014; 6:3460-73. [PMID: 25192026 PMCID: PMC4179171 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognized antagonistic actions between zinc and iron prompted us to study this subject in children. A convenience sample was used. Thirty healthy children between 8 and 9 years of age were studied with the aim of establishing the effect of a 3-mo oral zinc supplementation on iron status. Fifteen individuals were given a placebo (control group), and 15 were given 10 mg Zn/day (experimental group). Blood samples were collected at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 210 min after a 12-h overnight fast, before and after placebo or zinc supplementation. This supplementation was associated with significant improvements in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, and zinc intake in accordance with the recommendations for age and sex. The basal serum zinc concentration significantly increased after oral zinc supplementation (p < 0.001). However, basal serum iron concentrations and area under the iron curves significantly decreased in the experimental group (p < 0.0001) and remained at the same level throughout the 210-min study. The values obtained for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ceruloplasmin and total protein were within normal reference ranges. In conclusion, the decrease in serum iron was likely due to the effects of chronic zinc administration, and the decrease in serum iron was not sufficient to cause anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Josele Neves de Brito
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Érika Dantas Rocha
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo de Araújo Silva
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Sousa Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Technology, UFRN, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, BR 101 km 92, Campus Universitário, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mardone Cavalcante França
- Department of Statistics, UFRN, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, BR 101 km 92, Campus Universitário, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, UFRN, Av. Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, UFRN, Av. Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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22
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The effect of divalent metal cations on zinc uptake by mouse Zrt/Irt-like protein 1 (ZIP1). Life Sci 2014; 113:40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Olivares M, Wiedeman A, Bolívar L, López de Romaña D, Pizarro F. Effect of increasing concentrations of zinc on the absorption of iron from iron-fortified milk. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:21-5. [PMID: 22760642 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The cofortification of milk with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is a strategy used to prevent these deficiencies during childhood. Given that Zn can negatively interact with iron in aqueous solutions, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Zn on Fe absorption of milk fortified with Fe and Zn. Twenty-eight women between 33 and 47 years of age, with contraception and a negative pregnancy test, participated in one of two absorption studies. They received on four different days, after an overnight fast, 200 mL of milk (26 % fat) fortified with 10 mg Fe/L, as (A) ferrous sulfate, or the same milk but with graded doses of added Zn, as Zn sulfate of (B) 5, (C) 10, and (D) 20 mg/L (study 1, n = 15). In study 2 (n = 13), subjects received the same milk formulations, but these were also fortified with ascorbic acid (70 mg/L). Milk was labeled with radioisotopes ⁵⁹Fe or ⁵⁵Fe, and the absorption of iron was measured by erythrocyte incorporation of radioactive Fe. The geometric mean and range of ±1 SD of Fe absorption in study 1 were as follows: formula A = 6.0 % (2.8-13.0 %); B = 6.7 % (3.3-13.6 %); C = 5.4 % (2.2-13.2 %); and D = 5.2 % (2.8-10.0 %) (ANOVA for repeated measures, not significant). For study 2, data are as follows: 8.2 % (3.6-18.7 %); B = 6.4 % (2.5-16.4 %); C = 7.7 % (3.2-18.9 %); and D = 5.2 (1.8-14.8 %) (ANOVA for repeated measures, not significant). In conclusion, according to the results from this study, it appears that the addition of zinc up to 20 mg/L does not significantly inhibit iron absorption from milk fortified with 10 mg/L of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Olivares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz M, de Romaña DL. Acute inhibition of iron bioavailability by zinc: studies in humans. Biometals 2012; 25:657-64. [PMID: 22297381 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies constitute two of the most important nutritional and public health problems affecting developing countries. Combined supplementation or fortification with Zn and Fe are strategies that can be used to improve the Zn and Fe status of a population. However, there is concern about potential negative interactions between these two micronutrients due to a competitive binding to DMT1 and Zip14 transporter. Studies performed in humans have shown an inhibitory effect of Zn on Fe absorption when both minerals are given together as a solution in fasting conditions. We found that at low doses of iron (0.5 mg) the threshold for the inhibition of iron bioavailability was at a Zn:Fe wt/wt ratio ≥5.9:1, whereas at higher doses of Fe (10 mg) this inhibition occurred at 1:1 Zn:Fe wt/wt ratio. This differential response could be explained by the variation in the abundance of both cations as they compete for a limited number of shared transporters at the enterocyte. Conflicting results have been obtained when this interaction was studied in different food matrices. A negative interaction was not observed when Fe and Zn were provided in a composite hamburger meal, premature formula, human milk, or cow milk. A decrease on Fe absorption was observed in only 1 of 3 studies when Fe and Zn were supplied in wheat flour. The possibility of a negative interaction should be considered for supplementation or fortification programs with both microminerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Olivares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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