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Jiang A, Zhang Y, Wu D, Li S, Liu Z, Yang Z, Wei Z. Sodium molybdate induces heterophil extracellular traps formation in chicken. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111886. [PMID: 33421725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is not only an important rare metal that is widely used in industrial production but also an essential trace element for plants and animals. Nevertheless, in Mo polluted areas, excess Mo intake will not only cause gout in humans but also cause diarrhea in livestock and growth inhibition of chickens. Heterophils extracellular traps (HETs) are an important way to clear pathogens in the innate immune system of the chicken. However, the effects of Mo on the innate immune responses of HETs formation in chicken, and the mechanism undergoing this phenomenon remain unknown. In the study, we firstly aim to investigate the effects of sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) on chicken HETs formation in vitro, and further to explore its related metabolic requirements and molecular mechanisms. Chicken heterophils were cultured with Na2MoO4, and Na2MoO4-induced HETs structures were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, Na2MoO4-induced HETs were quantified by Quant-iT PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay kits and fluorescence microplate. It has been shown that Na2MoO4 truly triggered HETs-like structures that were composed of DNA decorated with citrullinated histone 3 (citH3) and elastase. The inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly reduced Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. Further experiments on energy metabolism involving Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation showed that Na2MoO4-induced HETs release was relevant to glucose, and the inhibitors of glycolysis including 3PO, AZD23766 and 3-Bromopyuvic acid, the inhibitors of glucose transport including STF31 and Ritonavir and NSC23766 significantly decreased Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. In summary, these results demonstrate that Mo does induce chicken HETs formation in vitro, and the formation of HETs is a process relying on glucose transport 1 (GLUT1),glucose transport 4 (GLUT4), glycolysis, and ROS production depended on the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, which also reflects the early innate immune responses of chicken against excessive molybdenum intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuangqiu Li
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China.
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Raisbeck MF. Water Quality for Cattle: Metalloid and Metal Contamination of Water. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:581-620. [PMID: 32948413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is the most important nutrient for rangeland livestock. However, competition with municipalities, industry, and other water users often results in grazing livestock being forced to use water supplies that are less than perfect. Surface water in western rangleands are often contaminated by mineral extraction, irrigation runoff and other human activities. Mineral contaminants in drinking water are additive with similar contaminants in feedstuffs. The goal of this article is to provide producers and veterinarians with the basic background to make informed decisions about whether a given water supply is "safe" for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merl F Raisbeck
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, 2852 Riverside, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
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Liao Z, Cao H, Dai X, Xing C, Xu X, Nie G, Zhang C. Molybdenum and Cadmium exposure influences the concentration of trace elements in the digestive organs of Shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:75-83. [PMID: 30098508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effects of Molybdenum (Mo) and Cadmium (Cd) on trace elements in digestive organs of Shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha), 120 Shaoxing ducks were randomly divided into control group and 5 treatment groups which were treated with a commercial diet containing different dosages of Mo and Cd. On the 60th and 120th days, the beak, esophagus, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and feces were collected to determine contents of Mo, Cd, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), then correlation analysis was performed. The results showed that Cd content in digestive organs significantly increased in co-treated groups compared to single treated groups and Mo concentration increased in Mo-treated groups compared to control group, whereas Cu, Fe, Zn and Se concentrations in digestive organs decreased in co-treated groups. Furthermore, Cd and Mo were mainly accumulated in the small intestine and esophagus, respectively. There was a strongly positive correlation between Cd and Mo while they had negative correlation with Cu, Fe, Zn and Se, respectively. In feces, Mo and Fe contents in high dose of Mo group and high Mo combined with Cd group were significantly higher than those in control group, and Cu content in all treated groups significantly increased and Cd, Zn and Se concentrations had no difference. The results indicated that dietary Mo or/and Cd might disturb homeostasis of trace elements in digestive organs of Shaoxing duck. Moreover, the two elements presented a synergistic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiongwei Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Shi L, Cao H, Luo J, Liu P, Wang T, Hu G, Zhang C. Effects of molybdenum and cadmium on the oxidative damage and kidney apoptosis in Duck. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:24-31. [PMID: 28692912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which has toxic effects in animals. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo and Cd on oxidative damage and kidney apoptosis in duck, 120 ducks were randomly divided into control group and 5 treatment groups which were treated with a commercial diet containing different dosages of Mo and Cd. Kidney samples were collected on the 60th and 120th days to determine the mRNA expression levels of ceruloplasmin (CP), metallothionein (MT), Bak-1, and Caspase-3 by quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, we also determined the antioxidant activity indexes and contents of Mo, Cd, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in serum. Meanwhile, ultrastructural changes of the kidney were observed. The results showed that glutathione reductase (GR) activity and CP level in serum were decreased in combination groups. In addition, the antioxidant indexes were decreased in co-treated groups compared with single treated groups. The mRNA expression levels of Bak-1 and Caspase-3 increased in co-treated groups. The mRNA expression level of CP in high-dose combination group was downregulated, while the mRNA expression of MT was upregulated except for low-dose Mo group. Additionally, in the later period the content of Cu in serum decreased in joint groups while the contents of Mo and Cd increased. In addition, ultrastructural changes showed mitochondrial crest fracture, swelling, deformed nuclei, and karyopyknosis in co-treated groups. Taken together, it was suggested that dietary Mo and Cd might lead to oxidative stress, kidney apoptosis and disturb homeostasis of trace elements in duck, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Shi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Liao Y, Cao H, Xia B, Xiao Q, Liu P, Hu G, Zhang C. Changes in Trace Element Contents and Morphology in Bones of Duck Exposed to Molybdenum or/and Cadmium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:449-457. [PMID: 27392954 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and high molybdenum (Mo) can lead to adverse reactions on animals, but the coinduced toxicity of Mo and Cd to bone in ducks was not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in trace elements' contents and morphology in bones of duck exposed to Mo or/and Cd. One hundred twenty healthy 11-day-old male ducks were randomly divided into six groups and treated with commercial diet containing Cd or/and Mo. On the 60th and 120th days, the blood, excretion, and metatarsals were collected to determine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the contents of Mo, Cd, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zine (Zn), and selenium (Se). In addition, metatarsals were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope and radiography. The results indicated that Mo and Cd contents significantly increased while Ca, P, Cu, and Se contents remarkably decreased in metatarsals in coexposure groups (P < 0.01). Contents of Fe and Zn in metatarsals had no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). Ca content in serum had no significant difference among experimental groups (P > 0.05), but P content was significantly decreased in HMo and HMo + Cd groups (P < 0.05). Contents of Ca and P in excretion and ALP activity were significantly increased in coinduced groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, osteoporotic lesions, less and thinner trabecular bone were observed in combination groups. The findings suggested that dietary of Cd or/and Mo could lead to bone damages in ducks via disturbing the balance of Ca and P in body and homeostasis of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se in bones; moreover, the two elements showed a possible synergistic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Cao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cao H, Xia B, Zhang M, Liao Y, Yang Z, Hu G, Zhang C. Changes of Antioxidant Function and the mRNA Expression Levels of Apoptosis Genes in Duck Ovaries Caused by Molybdenum or/and Cadmium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:410-418. [PMID: 26446861 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) combined with cadmium (Cd) on the antioxidant function and the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in duck ovaries, 60 healthy 11-old-day female ducks were treated with hexaammonium molybdate ([(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O]) or/and cadmium sulfate (3CdSO4·8H2O) at different doses on a daily basis for 120 days. On the 120th day, ten female birds in each group were euthanized, and the ovaries and blood were collected to determine the antioxidant indexes and the mRNA expression levels of Bak-1, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in ovaries. In addition, ovary tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis with optical microscope. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in treated groups comparing with control while the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity increased (P < 0.01) both in ovary tissue and serum. The Bak-1 and caspase-3 expressions were upregulated while the Bcl-2 was downgraded by Mo or/and Cd. Biomolecules were affected in all metal-treated groups, whereas combined-treated animals showed greater effects. What is more, pathological damage in Mo and Cd combination treated groups was more severe. The results from the present study indicated that Mo or/and Cd caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck ovaries. Combination of Mo and Cd showed additive or synergistic effect leading to apoptosis and oxidative stress, and the pathway might be the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Cao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xia
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Liao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Xia B, Chen H, Hu G, Wang L, Cao H, Zhang C. The Co-Induced Effects of Molybdenum and Cadmium on the Trace Elements and the mRNA Expression Levels of CP and MT in Duck Testicles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:331-40. [PMID: 26105546 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the chronic toxicity of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) on the trace elements and the mRNA expression levels of ceruloplasmin (CP) and metallothionein (MT) in duck testicles, 120 healthy 11-day-old male ducks were randomly divided into six groups with 20 ducks in each group. Ducks were treated with the diet containing different dosages of Mo or Cd. The source of Mo and Cd was hexaammonium molybdate ([(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O]) and cadmium sulfate (3CdSO4·8H2O), respectively, in this study. After being treated for 60 and 120 days, ten male birds in each group were randomly selected and euthanized and then testicles were aseptically collected for determining the mRNA expression levels of MT and CP, antioxidant indexes, and contents of trace elements in the testicle. In addition, testicle tissues at 120 days were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope. The results showed that co-exposure to Mo and Cd resulted in an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level while decrease in xanthine oxidase (XOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The mRNA expression level of MT gene was upregulated while CP was decreased in combination groups. Contents of Mo, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) decreased in combined groups while Cd increased in Cd and combined groups at 120 days. Furthermore, severe congestion, low sperm count, and malformation were observed in low dietary of Mo combined with Cd group and high dietary of Mo combined with Cd group. Our results suggested that Mo and Cd might aggravate testicular degeneration synergistically through altering the mRNA expression levels of MT and CP, increasing lipid peroxidation through inhibiting related enzyme activities and disturbing homeostasis of trace elements in testicles. Interaction of Mo and Cd may have a synergistic effect on the testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Nanchang Zoo, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqi Wang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Truong DH, Eghbal MA, Hindmarsh W, Roth SH, O'Brien PJ. Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide Toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2008; 38:733-44. [PMID: 17145698 DOI: 10.1080/03602530600959607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The toxicity of H2S has been attributed to its ability to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase in a similar manner to HCN. However, the successful use of methemoglobin for the treatment of HCN poisoning was not successful for H2S poisonings even though the ferric heme group of methemoglobin scavenges H2S. Thus, we speculated that other mechanisms contribute to H2S induced cytotoxicity. Experimental procedure. Hepatocyte isolation and viability and enzyme activities were measured as described by Moldeus et al. (1978), and Steen et al. (2001). RESULTS Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with NaHS solutions (a H2S source) resulted in glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, GSH depletion was also observed in TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 6.0) treated with NaHS. Several ferric chelators (desferoxamime and DETAPAC) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase) prevented cell-free and hepatocyte GSH depletion. GSH-depleted hepatocytes were very susceptible to NaHS cytotoxicity, indicating that GSH detoxified NaHS or H2S in cells. Cytotoxicity was also partly prevented by desferoxamine and DETAPC, but it was increased by ferric EDTA or EDTA. Cell-free oxygen consumption experiments in TRIS-HCl buffer showed that NaHS autoxidation formed hydrogen peroxide and was prevented by DETAPC but increased by EDTA. We hypothesize that H2S can reduce intracellular bound ferric iron to form unbound ferrous iron, which activates iron. Additionally, H2S can increase the hepatocyte formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (known to occur with electron transport chain). H2S cytotoxicity therefore also involves a reactive sulfur species, which depletes GSH and activates oxygen to form ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don H Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Steinke DR, Majak W, Sorensen TS, Parvez M. Chelation of molybdenum in Medicago sativa (alfalfa) grown on reclaimed mine tailings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5437-5442. [PMID: 18543934 DOI: 10.1021/jf800489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and analytical procedures were developed from 1999 to 2005 for the chemical investigation of molybdenum (Mo) in aerial portions of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) grown on a reclaimed mine tailings site at the Highland Valley Copper Mine in British Columbia, Canada. The purification procedures were guided by colorimetric analyses specific for Mo. The Mo levels in freeze-dried plant samples exceeded 100 ppm, which is more than 20 times the maximum level recommended for livestock feed. In contrast to previous work, which detected the inorganic molybdate anion (MoO4(2-)) in alfalfa from the site, the present study identified the major pool of Mo as a chelate bound to malic acid in five sources of plant material. However, the inorganic form of Mo was characterized in aqueous tailings samples, but once imbibed by vegetation, the anion was chelated to the alpha-hydroxy organic acid. Synthetic chelates were synthesized to differentiate the Mo-malate complex from the Mo-citrate by 95Mo NMR. Crystal structure of the synthetic Mo-malate determined that the Mo was bound to two malato ligands as Na 2[MoO2(malate) 2] x 5H2O, which confirmed the structure of the isolates deduced by 95Mo NMR. The chelation of Mo at the site may well explain the apparent lack of long-term clinical effects in cattle grazing the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Steinke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3015 Ord Road, Kamloops, B.C., Canada.
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Raisbeck MF, Siemion RS, Smith MA. Modest copper supplementation blocks molybdenosis in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 18:566-72. [PMID: 17121084 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that ratios of dietary copper (Cu) to molybdenum (Mo) lower than 10:1 may produce molybdenosis in cattle, especially if sulfur concentrations are more than 3,000 ppm. Some authorities suggest that dietary Mo concentrations greater than 10 ppm are hazardous to cattle regardless of Cu concentration, but anecdotal reports suggest that this may not be the case. The original purpose of the experiment described in this report was to investigate whether supranutritional supplemental Cu could protect cattle against relatively high dietary Mo. Pregnant cows were grazed on 1 of 3 pastures: 1 with only background Mo, 1 with an average of 13 ppm Mo, and 1 that averaged 230 ppm Mo. Half the cows on the Mo pastures were supplemented with 17 ppm dietary Cu, the other half with the dietary supplement plus Cu boluses. Molybdenum effects were anticipated in the groups supplemented with 17 ppm Cu; however, despite increased tissue concentrations of Mo, only the 230 ppm Mo/17 ppm Cu group exhibited any effects. Moderate Cu supplementation permitted cows to graze a site heavily contaminated with Mo with no adverse effects on general health or reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merl F Raisbeck
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Mackowiak C, Amacher M, Hall J, Herring J. Chapter 19 Uptake of selenium and other contaminant elements into plants and implications for grazing animals in Southeast Idaho. LIFE CYCLE OF THE PHOSPHORIA FORMATION - FROM DEPOSITION TO THE POST-MINING ENVIRONMENT 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-2734(04)80021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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