1
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Bloyet C, Sciortino F, Matsushita Y, Karr PA, Liyanage A, Jevasuwan W, Fukata N, Maji S, Hynek J, D'Souza F, Shrestha LK, Ariga K, Yamazaki T, Shirahata N, Hill JP, Payne DT. Photosensitizer Encryption with Aggregation Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10830-10843. [PMID: 35587544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromophores that generate singlet oxygen (1O2) in water are essential to developing noninvasive disease treatments using photodynamic therapy (PDT). A facile approach for formation of stable colloidal nanoparticles of 1O2 photosensitizers, which exhibit aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water toward applications as PDT agents, is reported. Chromophore encryption within a fuchsonarene macrocyclic scaffold insulates the photosensitizer from aggregation induced deactivation pathways, enabling a higher chromophore density than typical 1O2 generating nanoparticles. Aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water is observed, and variation in molecular structure allows for regulation of the physical properties of the nanoparticles which ultimately affects the 1O2 generation. In vitro activity and the ability of the particles to pass through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm is demonstrated using confocal fluorescence microscopy with HeLa cells. Photosensitizer encryption in rigid macrocycles, such as fuchsonarenes, offers new prospects for the production of biocompatible nanoarchitectures for applications involving 1O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Bloyet
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Flavien Sciortino
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Anuradha Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Wipakorn Jevasuwan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Subrata Maji
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Hynek
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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2
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Influence of structural and solvation factors on the photodestruction and efficiency of singlet oxygen generation by luminophores based on iodo- and bromosubstituted zinc(II), cadmium(II) and boron(III) dipyrromethenates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Payne DT, Hynek J, Labuta J, Hill JP. Nonionic omnisoluble photosensitizer reference material for the estimation of singlet oxygen quantum yield. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6146-6154. [PMID: 35225308 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Meso-Tetrakis-(3,4,5-tris{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenyl)porphyrin TEG12PH2 is reported as an 'omnisoluble' reference for singlet oxygen (1O2) generation quantum yield (ΦSO) estimation. TEG12PH2 is a highly soluble, nonionic compound possessing excellent 1O2 QY in a wide variety of common solvents, including water. TEG12PH2 was prepared on multigram scale by the 12-way O-alkylation of tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin using 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-toluenesulfonate as a reaction solvent. The corresponding Zn(II) complex TEG12PZn was also prepared and studied. The 1O2 QYs of TEG12PH2 in the different solvents studied were found to be 0.86 (acetone), 0.59 (acetonitrile), 0.66 (chloroform), 0.85 (methanol), 0.45 (toluene) and 0.51 (water). TEG12PH2 can be considered a reliable and easy to implement omnisoluble reference compound for the estimation of the 1O2 generating activities of new materials, especially new porphyrinic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Hynek
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Subedi DR, Reid R, D'Souza PF, Nesterov VN, D'Souza F. Singlet Oxygen Generation in Peripherally Modified Platinum and Palladium Porphyrins: Effect of Triplet Excited State Lifetimes and meso-Substituents on 1 O 2 Quantum Yields. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200010. [PMID: 35289130 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A series of meso-substituted with aromatic (=tolyl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, and triphenylamine) substituents, platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) porphyrins have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to probe structure-reactivity aspects on the electrochemical redox potentials, and phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. In the X-ray structures, the aromatic meso-substituents were rotated to some extent from the planarity of the porphyrin ring to minimize steric hindrance. Both Pt and Pd porphyrins revealed higher electrochemical redox gaps as compared to their free-base porphyrin analogs as a result of the harder oxidation and reduction processes. The ability of both Pt and Pd porphyrins to generate singlet oxygen was probed by monitoring the photoluminescence of 1 O2 at 1270 nm. Higher quantum yields for both triplet sensitizers compared to their free-base analogs were witnessed. Singlet oxygen quantum yields close to unity were possible to achieve in the case of Pt and Pd porphyrins bearing triphenylamine substituents at the meso-position. The present study brings out the importance of different meso-substituents on the triplet porphyrin sensitizers in governing singlet oxygen quantum yields; a key property of photosensitizers needed for photodynamic therapy, chemical synthesis, and other pertinent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dili R Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Ryan Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Patrick F D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Jiang M, Wu J, Liu W, Ren H, Zhang W, Lee CS, Wang P. Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Porphyrins To Construct Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2021; 27:11195-11204. [PMID: 33960049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic photosensitizers greatly affect cell permeability and enrichment in tumors, but they cannot be used directly for clinical applications because they always aggregate in water, preventing their circulation in the blood and accumulation in tumor cells. As a result, amphiphilic photosensitizers are highly desirable. Although nanomaterial-based photosensitizers can solve water solubility, they have the disadvantages of complicated operation, poor reproducibility, low drug loading, and poor stability. In this work, an efficient synthesis strategy is proposed that converts small molecules into nanoparticles in 100 % aqueous solution by molecular assembly without the addition of any foreign species. Three photosensitizers with triphenylphosphine units and ethylene glycol chains of different lengths, TPP-PPh3 , TPP-PPh3 -2PEG and TPP-PPh3 -4PEG, were synthesized to improve amphiphilicity. Of the three photosensitizers, TPP-PPh3 -4PEG is the most efficient (singlet oxygen yield: 0.89) for tumor photodynamic therapy not only because of its definite constituent, but also because its amphiphilic structure allows it to self-assemble in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Chen XM, Chu YJ, Liu CG. Degradation Mechanism of Benzo[ a]pyrene Initiated by the OH Radical and 1O 2: An Insight from Density Functional Theory Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25552-25560. [PMID: 33073081 PMCID: PMC7557245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) initiated by •OH and 1O2 in aqueous solution is investigated by density functional theory calculations. The main degradation products are BaP-1,6-quinone, BaP-3,6-quinone, BaP-4,6-quinone, and BaP-6,12-quinone. •OH and HO2 are the main intermediate radical species. At a low initial concentration of •OH, 1O2 could be a primary driver for BaP degradation. The degradation mechanism includes six consecutive elementary reactions: (1) 1O2 initiation forming BaP-6-OO. (2) 1,3 H-shift (H atom shifts to the OO group) that is promoted by H2O, forming BaP-6-OOH. (3) BaP-6-OOH decomposes into the •OH radical and BaP-6-O. (4) •OH addition to BaP-6-O forming BaP-6-O-1(3,4,12)-OH. (5) Extracting the H atom from the carbon with the OH group by 1O2. (6) Extracting the H atom from the OH group by HO2. At a high initial concentration of •OH, the •OH-initiated and 1O2-initiated degradation reactions of BaP are both feasible. The degradation mechanism includes six consecutive elementary reactions: (1) •OH initiation forming BaP-6-OH or 1O2 initiation forming BaP-6-OO. (2) 1O2 addition to BaP-6-OH forming BaP-6-OH-12(1,3,4)-OO or •OH addition to BaP-6-OO forming BaP-6-OO-12(1,3,4)-OH. (3) Extracting the H atom from the carbon with the OH group by 1O2, forming HO2. (4) 1,3 H-shift (H-shift from the carbon to the OO group), promoted by H2O. (5) The loss of the OH radical. (6) Abstracting the H atom from the OH group by HO2. In this paper, the formation of BaP-4,6-quinone via the BaP degradation is first reported. Water participates in the elementary reaction in which the H atom attached on the aromatic ring shifts to the OO group, serving as a bridge that stabilizes the transition state and transports the proton. A comprehensive investigation explains the degradation mechanism of BaP initiated by •OH and 1O2 in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Chen
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric
Power University, Jilin
City 132012, China
| | - Yun-Jie Chu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric
Power University, Jilin
City 132012, China
| | - Chun-Guang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beihua
University, Jilin
City 132013, China
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Nishimura T, Hara K, Honda N, Okazaki S, Hazama H, Awazu K. Determination and analysis of singlet oxygen quantum yields of talaporfin sodium, protoporphyrin IX, and lipidated protoporphyrin IX using near-infrared luminescence spectroscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1289-1297. [PMID: 31853809 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), singlet oxygen ([Formula: see text]) is the main species responsible for promoting tumor cell death. The determination of the quantum yield (ΦΔ) of a photosensitizer (PS) is important for dosimetry. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the [Formula: see text] generated by the PS by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The ΦΔ of different PS species were measured by the detection of near-infrared [Formula: see text] luminescence. From the measurement results, the ΦΔ of talaporfin sodium, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and lipidated PpIX (PpIX lipid) were measured as 0.53, 0.77, and 0.87, respectively. In addition, the ΦΔ values of PpIX in a hypoxic and oxic solution were evaluated, since tumors are associated with regions of hypoxia. The measured ΦΔ indicated a same value at high (DO: 20%) and low (DO: 1%) oxygen concentrations. Using the measured ΦΔ, the amount of [Formula: see text] generated by the PSs was estimated using [[Formula: see text]] = D*ΦΔ, where D* is the total excited PS concentration. The generated [Formula: see text] amounts were little different at the high and the low oxygen concentrations, and the generated [Formula: see text] amount for each PS was different depending on each ΦΔ. The NIRS measurement determined the ΦΔ of talaporfin sodium, PpIX, and PpIX lipid. The quantitative evaluation based on the measured ΦΔ will support the development of PDT treatment monitoring and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Hara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihiro Honda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hisanao Hazama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Yamashita KI, Sugiura KI. Photochemical reaction of anthracene with dioxygen catalyzed by platinum(II) porphyrin. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Tsolekile N, Ncapayi V, Obiyenwa GK, Matoetoe M, Songca S, Oluwafemi OS. Synthesis of meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS 4) - CuInS/ZnS quantum dots conjugate as an improved photosensitizer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7065-7078. [PMID: 31507320 PMCID: PMC6720160 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s211959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal-free, water-soluble and highly stable meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4) has been studied for their singlet oxygen quantum yield. However, TPPS4 suffers from inherent shortcomings. To address these, TPPS4 was conjugated to ternary copper indium sulphide/ zinc sulphide (CuInS2/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs). PURPOSE We herein report for the first time the synthesis of TPPS4-CuInS/ZnS QDs conjugate as an improved photosensitizer. METHODS Water-soluble TPPS4 was synthesized from tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPH2) after silica-gel purification. The CuInS/ZnS QDs were synthesized by hydrothermal method at a Cu:In ratio of 1:4. The porphyrin-QDs conjugate was formed via the daggling sulfonyl bond of the porphyrin and amine bond of the QDs. The effect of pH on the optical properties of TPPS4 was evaluated. The effect of Zn:Cu + In ratio on the ZnS shell passivation was examined to reduce structural defects on the as-synthesized QDs. RESULTS Various spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the successful conversion of the organic TPPH2 to water-soluble TPPS4. The singlet oxygen generation evaluation shows an improved singlet oxygen quantum yield from 0.19 for the porphyrin (TPPS4) alone to 0.69 after conjugation (CuInS/ZnS-TPPS4) with an increase in the reaction rate constant (k (s-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ncediwe Tsolekile
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town2000, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa Ncapayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
| | - Gabriel K Obiyenwa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria
| | - Mangaka Matoetoe
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town2000, South Africa
| | - Sandile Songca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa3886, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
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Issawi M, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V, Riou C. Crossing the First Threshold: New Insights into the Influence of the Chemical Structure of Anionic Porphyrins on Plant Cell Wall Interactions and Photodynamic Cell Death Induction. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2188-2197. [PMID: 30942568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our fundamental research interest was to understand how negatively charged porphyrins could interact with a plant cell wall and further act inside cells. Thus, three anionic porphyrins differing in their anionic external groups (carboxylates, sulfonates, and phosphonates) were tested. First, the tobacco cell wall was isolated to monitor in vitro its interactions with the three different anionic porphyrins. Unexpectedly, these negatively charged molecules were able to bind to the negatively charged cell wall probably by weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds and/or electrostatic interactions when the tetrapyrrolic core was protonated. Moreover, we showed that at the pH of spent culture medium (4.5), the neutrality of the carboxylated porphyrin (TPPC) facilitated its cell wall crossing while the diffusion of the two other sulfonated (TPPS) or phosphonated (TPPP) porphyrins that remained anionic was delayed. Once inside Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cells, TPPC induced higher levels of production of both H2O2 and malondialdehyde compared to TPPS after illumination. That result correlated well with strong cell death induction by photoactivated TPPC. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes such as catalase, peroxidases, and superoxide dismutase were also strongly downmodulated in response to TPPC, while these enzymes were almost unchanged in response to photoactivated TPPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that took into account the whole story from interactions of porphyrins with a plant cell wall to their photodynamic activity inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Issawi
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500 , 123 avenue Albert Thomas , 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Stephanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500 , 123 avenue Albert Thomas , 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500 , 123 avenue Albert Thomas , 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Riou
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500 , 123 avenue Albert Thomas , 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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Abstract
Patterning, the controlled formation of ordered surface features with different physico-chemical properties, is a cornerstone of contemporary micro- and nanofabrication. In this context, lithographic approaches owe their wide success to their versatility and their relative ease of implementation and scalability. Conventional photolithographic methods require several steps and the use of polymeric photoresists for the development of the desired pattern, all factors which can be deleterious, especially for sensitive substrates. Efficient patterning of surfaces, with resolution down to the nanometer scale, can be achieved by means of photocatalytic lithography. This approach is based on the use of photocatalysts to achieve the selective chemical modification or degradation of self-assembled monolayers, polymers, and metals. A wide range of photoactive compounds, from semiconducting oxides to porphyrins, have been demonstrated to be suitable photocatalysts. The goal of the present review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art photocatalytic lithography, ranging from approaches based on semiconducting oxides to singlet oxygen-based lithography. Special attention will be dedicated to the results obtained for the patterning of polymer brushes, the sculpturing of metal nanoparticle arrays, and the patterning of graphene-based structures.
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12
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Leroy-Lhez S, Rezazgui O, Issawi M, Elhabiri M, Calliste CA, Riou C. Why are the anionic porphyrins so efficient to induce plant cell death? A structure-activity relationship study to solve the puzzle. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Pushalkar S, Ghosh G, Xu Q, Liu Y, Ghogare AA, Atem C, Greer A, Saxena D, Lyons AM. Superhydrophobic Photosensitizers: Airborne 1O 2 Killing of an in Vitro Oral Biofilm at the Plastron Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25819-25829. [PMID: 29972022 PMCID: PMC6698391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a potent agent for the selective killing of a wide range of harmful cells; however, current delivery methods pose significant obstacles to its widespread use as a treatment agent. Limitations include the need for photosensitizer proximity to tissue because of the short (3.5 μs) lifetime of singlet oxygen in contact with water; the strong optical absorption of the photosensitizer, which limits the penetration depth; and hypoxic environments that restrict the concentration of available oxygen. In this article, we describe a novel superhydrophobic singlet oxygen delivery device for the selective inactivation of bacterial biofilms. The device addresses the current limitations by: immobilizing photosensitizer molecules onto inert silica particles; embedding the photosensitizer-containing particles into the plastron (i.e. the fluid-free space within a superhydrophobic surface between the solid substrate and fluid layer); distributing the particles along an optically transparent substrate such that they can be uniformly illuminated; enabling the penetration of oxygen via the contiguous vapor space defined by the plastron; and stabilizing the superhydrophobic state while avoiding the direct contact of the sensitizer to biomaterials. In this way, singlet oxygen generated on the sensitizer-containing particles can diffuse across the plastron and kill bacteria even deep within the hypoxic periodontal pockets. For the first time, we demonstrate complete biofilm inactivation (>5 log killing) of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium implicated in periodontal disease using the superhydrophobic singlet oxygen delivery device. The biofilms were cultured on hydroxyapatite disks and exposed to active and control surfaces to assess the killing efficiency as monitored by colony counting and confocal microscopy. Two sensitizer particle types, a silicon phthalocyanine sol-gel and a chlorin e6 derivative covalently bound to fluorinated silica, were evaluated; the biofilm killing efficiency was found to correlate with the amount of singlet oxygen detected in separate trapping studies. Finally, we discuss the applications of such devices in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - QianFeng Xu
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ashwini A. Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cecilia Atem
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Alan M. Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
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14
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Houang J, Perrone G, Mawad D, Boughton PC, Ruys AJ, Lauto A. Light treatments of nail fungal infections. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700350. [PMID: 29227574 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nail fungal infections are notoriously persistent and difficult to treat which can lead to severe health impacts, particularly in the immunocompromized. Current antifungal treatments, including systemic and topical drugs, are prolonged and do not effectively provide a complete cure. Severe side effects are also associated with systemic antifungals, such as hepatotoxicity. Light treatments of onychomycosis are an emerging therapy that has localized photodynamic, photothermal or photoablative action. These treatments have shown to be an effective alternative to traditional antifungal remedies with comparable or better cure rates achieved in shorter times and without systemic side effects. This report reviews significant clinical and experimental studies in the field, highlighting mechanisms of action and major effects related to light therapy; in particular, the impact of light on fungal genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriel Perrone
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip C Boughton
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Ruys
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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15
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Lanzilotto A, Kyropoulou M, Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Meier WP, Palivan CG. Porphyrin-polymer nanocompartments: singlet oxygen generation and antimicrobial activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:109-122. [PMID: 29218642 PMCID: PMC5756573 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble photocatalyst for singlet oxygen generation is presented. Its absorption extends to the red part of the spectrum, showing activity up to irradiation at 660 nm. Its efficiency has been compared to that of a commercial analogue (Rose Bengal) for the oxidation of L-methionine. The quantitative and selective oxidation was promising enough to encapsulate the photocatalyst in polymersomes. The singlet oxygen generated in this way can diffuse and remain active for the oxidation of L-methionine outside the polymeric compartment. These results made us consider the use of these polymersomes for antimicrobial applications. E. coli colonies were subjected to oxidative stress using the photocatalyst-polymersome conjugates and nearly all the colonies were damaged upon extensive irradiation while under the same red LED light irradiation, liquid cultures in the absence of porphyrin or porphyrin-loaded polymersomes were unharmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lanzilotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myrto Kyropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfgang P Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Goswami S, Miller CE, Logsdon JL, Buru CT, Wu YL, Bowman DN, Islamoglu T, Asiri AM, Cramer CJ, Wasielewski MR, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Atomistic Approach toward Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of a Mustard-Gas Simulant: A Case Study with Heavy-Chalcogen-Containing PCN-57 Analogues. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19535-19540. [PMID: 28562000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the synthesis of two Zr-based benzothiadiazole- and benzoselenadiazole-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of the mustard gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). The photophysical properties of the linkers and MOFs are characterized by steady-state absorption and emission, time-resolved emission, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The benzoselenadiazole-containing MOF shows superior catalytic activity compared to that containing benzothiadiazole with a half-life of 3.5 min for CEES oxidation to nontoxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO). Transient absorption spectroscopy performed on the benzoselenadiazole linker reveals the presence of a triplet excited state, which decays with a lifetime of 9.4 μs, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen for photocatalysis. This study demonstrates the effect of heavy chalcogen substitution within a porous framework for the modulation of photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David N Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | | | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | | | | | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Van Vugt DA, Krzemien A, Roy BN, Fletcher WA, Foster W, Lundahl S, Marcus SL, Reid RL. Photodynamic Endometrial Ablation in the Nonhuman Primate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Van Vugt
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, and Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and DUSA Pharmaceuticals Inc., Valhalla, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert L. Reid
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, and Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and DUSA Pharmaceuticals Inc., Valhalla, New York
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18
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Khoza P, Nyokong T. Photocatalytic behavior of phthalocyanine-silver nanoparticle conjugates supported on polystyrene fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Jin S, Zhou L, Gu Z, Tian G, Yan L, Ren W, Yin W, Liu X, Zhang X, Hu Z, Zhao Y. A new near infrared photosensitizing nanoplatform containing blue-emitting up-conversion nanoparticles and hypocrellin A for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11910-11918. [PMID: 24129918 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant interest due to their unique ability to convert near infrared light to UV/visible light. Previous work mainly focused on the fabrication of green and red emitting UCNPs to load photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT. In this work, we firstly developed a new multifunctional nanoplatform combining blue-emitting UCNPs with blue-light excited PS (hypocrellin A, HA) as a NIR photosensitizing nanoplatform for PDT of cancer cells. Tween 20 coated NaYbF4:Tm, Gd@NaGdF4 UCNPs (Tween 20-UCNPs) with strong blue up-conversion luminescence and good water dispersibility were prepared for use as PS carriers. The blue emission band matched well with the efficient absorption band of HA, thereby facilitating the resonance energy transfer from UCNPs to HA and then activating HA to produce singlet oxygen ((1)O2). The in vitro study showed that these Tween 20-UCNPs@HA complexes could efficiently produce (1)O2 to kill cancer cells under 980 nm NIR excitation. Moreover, these Gd(3+) and Yb(3+) containing nanoparticles also exhibited positive contrast effects in both T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging, making them become a multifunctional platform for simultaneous PDT and bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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20
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Kamkaew A, Lim SH, Lee HB, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Burgess K. BODIPY dyes in photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:77-88. [PMID: 23014776 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1369] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY dyes tend to be highly fluorescent, but their emissions can be attenuated by adding substituents with appropriate oxidation potentials. Substituents like these have electrons to feed into photoexcited BODIPYs, quenching their fluorescence, thereby generating relatively long-lived triplet states. Singlet oxygen is formed when these triplet states interact with (3)O(2). In tissues, this causes cell damage in regions that are illuminated, and this is the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT agents that are currently approved for clinical use do not feature BODIPYs, but there are many reasons to believe that this situation will change. This review summarizes the attributes of BODIPY dyes for PDT, and in some related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Box 30012, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77841-3012, USA
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21
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22
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EL-KHOULY MOHAMEDE, ISLAM SHAFIQULDM, FUJITSUKA MAMORU, ITO OSAMU. Photoinduced electron transfer from triplet states of phthalocyanines to fullerenes studied by transient absorption spectroscopies in visible and near-IR regions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1409(200012)4:8<713::aid-jpp282>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer processes between C 60/ C 70 and phthalocyanines such as tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine ( H 2 TBPc ) and its zinc derivative ( ZnTBPc ) in polar solvents have been studied by observing the transient absorption spectra in the visible and near-IR regions. Upon predominant excitation of TBPcs with a 670 nm laser pulse in polar solvents, growth of the transient absorption bands of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was observed, accompanied by a concurrent decay of the triplet states of TBPcs (3 TBPc *). Thus it is confirmed that electron transfer occurs via 3 TBPc * in polar solvents. The electron transfer rate constants and efficiencies of electron transfer via 3 ZnTBPc * are greater than those via 3 H 2 TBPc * owing to the electron ejection ability of 3 ZnTBPc *. Solvent effects on the forward and backward electron transfer processes have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- MOHAMED E. EL-KHOULY
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - SHAFIQUL D.-M. ISLAM
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - MAMORU FUJITSUKA
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - OSAMU ITO
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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23
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Dürr H, Hayo R, David E, Willner I, Zahavy E. Medium effects on the photophysical properties of porphyrazine-metal(II) complexes in micellar solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19951141121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Zhang XF, Huang J, Xi Q, Wang Y. The Excited Triplet State Properties of Titanyl Phthalocyanine and its Sulfonated Derivatives. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) is a well-known, excellent photoconductive material for laser printers and photocopying machines. Its organic derivatives have recently been shown to be excellent photosensitizers for singlet oxygen [O2(1Δg)] production. The excited triplet state properties of TiOPc, in homogeneous DMSO solution, were measured in this study for the first time by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The data enabled comparisons to be drawn with TiOPcS4 and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), ultimately providing a better understanding of the reported observations. Absorption, fluorescence, and O2(1Δg) sensitization were also studied. TiOPcS4 in DMSO shows remarkably different fluorescence properties from that reported in aqueous solution: both the fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 0.068) and the fluorescence lifetime (τf = 3.71 ns) were much larger than that reported for aqueous solutions (0.012 and 0.09 ns, respectively). The photosensitizing properties of TiOPcS4 in DMSO are also so significantly better than that in aqueous solution, i.e. triplet lifetime (τT) of 252 μs, triplet quantum yield (ΦT) of 0.42, and the quantum yield of O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ) of 0.49; compare with values of 60 μs, 0.32, 0.13 reported in aqueous solution. TiOPc, however, shows comparable photophysical properties to that of ZnPc, a well-recognized photosensitizer. These results suggest that TiOPc and its derivatives are not only good photoconductors but also good photosensitizers of O2(1Δg), which may find application in photodynamic therapies for treatment of cancer.
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25
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Idowu M, Nyokong T. Spectroscopic behavior of cationic metallophthalocyanines in the presence of anionic quantum dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:411-416. [PMID: 19945910 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interactions and spectroscopic properties between cationic zinc phthalocyanine derivatives (peripherally and non-peripherally tetrasubstituted and peripherally octa substituted with 2-diethylmethylaminoethylsulfanyl (betaTZnPc, alphaTZnPc and betaOZnPc)) and CdTe core quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercaptopropionic acid or thioglycolic acid (represented as CdTe@MPA and CdTe@TGA, respectively) have been studied in methanol:water mixture. Strong coupling of MPcs was deduced from the interaction since the UV-vis spectroscopic studies of the ground state complex formed on mixing both components showed loss of the phthalocyanine monomeric band with the formation of a dimeric band (spectrum of aggregated species). The dimerization constants were of the order of 10(4)M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopelola Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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26
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Silva JN, Bosca F, Tomé JPC, Silva EMP, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Patterson LK, Filipe P, Mazière JC, Santus R. Tricationic Porphyrin Conjugates: Evidence for Chain-Structure-Dependent Relaxation of Excited Singlet and Triplet States. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16695-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907930w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Eduarda M. P. Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Larry K. Patterson
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Paulo Filipe
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Jean-Claude Mazière
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - René Santus
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
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27
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Masilela N, Idowu M, Nyokong T. Photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties of water soluble silicon, titanium and zinc phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Silva JN, Silva AMG, Tomé JP, Ribeiro AO, Domingues MRM, Cavaleiro JAS, Silva AMS, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Serra OA, Bosca F, Filipe P, Santus R, Morlière P. Photophysical properties of a photocytotoxic fluorinated chlorin conjugated to four beta-cyclodextrins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:834-43. [PMID: 18597032 DOI: 10.1039/b800348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-chlorin with the reduced pyrrole ring linked to an isoxazolidine ring (FC) has been conjugated to four beta-cyclodextrins (CDFC). The CDFC exhibits excellent water solubility and is a potent photosensitizer towards proliferating NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes. The study by conventional steady state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies and by time-resolved femto- and nanosecond laser flash spectroscopies suggests that in ethanol and pH 7 buffer the beta-cyclodextrins embed the highly hydrophobic tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-chlorin macrocycle and strongly interact with the chlorin rings in the singlet and triplet manifolds. In these solvents, femtosecond spectroscopy suggests that the conjugate undergoes a rapid relaxation in the upper excited singlet states induced by photochemical and/or conformation change(s) at a rate of about 5 ps(-1) to fluorescent states whose lifetime is approximately 8 ns. This interaction is destroyed upon addition of Triton X100 to buffer. Both FC and CDFC strongly fluoresce (Phi(F) approximately 0.5) in micelles. Similar behavior is observed at the triplet level. In ethanol and water, the initial transient triplet state absorbance decays within 1-3 mus yielding a longer lived triplet with spectral properties indistinguishable from that of original difference absorbance spectra. The determination of the molar absorbance in the 440-460 nm region ( approximately 35 000 M(-1) cm(-1)) leads to an estimate of approximately 0.2 for the triplet formation quantum yield of FC in toluene and of FC and CDFC in Triton X100 micelles. Quenching of the CDFC triplets by dioxygen in buffer produces (1)O(2) in a good yield consistent with the effective photocytotoxicity of the chlorin-cyclodextrins conjugate towards cultured NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes. By contrast, FC which aggregates in buffer produces little if any (1)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1699, Lisboa, Portugal
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Idowu M, Ogunsipe A, Nyokong T. Excited state dynamics of zinc and aluminum phthalocyanine carboxylates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:995-9. [PMID: 17324619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical parameters for zinc and aluminium tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (ZnTCPc and AlTCPc, respectively) and their octacarboxy substituted counterparts (ZnOCPc and AlOCPc) were studied. Data for the fluorescence quenching of the complexes by benzoquinone (BQ) were treated using the Stern-Volmer analysis, and the quenching was found to follow a diffusion-controlled (dynamic) bimolecular mechanism. Theoretical values of bimolecular rate constant for complex-BQ interactions were determined using the Stokes-Einstein-Smoluchowski model; and the values, together with the Stern-Volmer quenching constants were used in calculating the fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes. The thermodynamics of the MPc-BQ interaction, in terms of solvent reorientation energy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopelola Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Milanesio ME, Alvarez MG, Yslas EI, Borsarelli CD, Silber JJ, Rivarola V, Durantini EN. Photodynamic Studies of Metallo 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin: Photochemical Characterization and Biological Consequences in a Human Carcinoma Cell Line¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740014psomtm2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Hornung R, Fehr MK, Walt H, Wyss P, Berns MW, Tadir Y. PEG-m-THPC-mediated Photodynamic Effects on Normal Rat Tissues¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720696pmtmpe2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dima VF, Vasiliu V, Laky D, Coman N, Ionescu MD, Dima SV, Nakaji S. A MODIFIED APPROACH TO THE ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF WALKER-256 CARCINOSARCOMA WITH A COMBINATION OF ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY. Laser Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.5978/islsm.15.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nazarova AI, Feofanov AV, Karmakova TA, Sharonov GV, Pliutinskaia AD, Iakubovskaia RI, Lebedeva VS, Mironov AF, Maurizot JC, Vigny P. Effect of Substituents on Photochemical and Biological Properties of 13,15-N-Cycloimide Derivatives of Chlorin p6. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005; 31:535-48. [PMID: 16245697 DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of electron-accepting substituents in position 3 of the chlorine p6 macrocycle in neutral and carboxyl-containing negatively charged cycloimide derivatives of chlorin p6 (CIC) on the photochemical and biological properties of these photosensitizers was studied. A relationship between the structure and properties of CICs was analyzed on the basis of information on their photoinduced cytotoxicity, efficiency of the generation of reactive oxygen species, photostability, intracellular localization, quantitative parameters of accumulation in cells, and cellular pharmacokinetics. It was shown that these compounds can be used for the development of photosensitizers with intense light absorption at 740 nm, controlled intracellular localization, and a high photodynamic activity toward tumor cells.
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Degen AF, Gabrecht T, Mosimann L, Fehr MK, Hornung R, Schwarz VA, Tadir Y, Steiner RA, Wagnières G, Wyss P. Photodynamic endometrial ablation for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a preliminary report. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34:1-4. [PMID: 14755418 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate feasibility and functional effects of photodynamic endometrial ablation (PEA) in patients. STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 15 PEAs has been performed in 11 patients using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solutions and a balloon-light diffuser (160 J/cm(2), 635 nm). Uterine bleeding intensity has been determined on a daily basis 3 months prior to and up to 6 months after endometrial ablation using an analogous scale scoring from 1 (spotting) to 6 U (severe bleeding). Statistical analysis by unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS The mean number of bleeding units per cycle (n = 44) was 35.7 prior to PEA. The decrease in bleeding units was significant for the months 1-3 (24.4 U per cycle; P = 0.03), but not for the months 4-6 (25.9 U; P = 0.11) following PEA. CONCLUSIONS PEA is feasible and provides a significant short-term reduction of uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Degen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Intermolecular and supramolecular photoinduced electron transfer processes of fullerene–porphyrin/phthalocyanine systems. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Wyss P, Schwarz V, Dobler-Girdziunaite D, Hornung R, Walt H, Degen A, Fehr M. Photodynamic therapy of locoregional breast cancer recurrences using a chlorin-type photosensitizer. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:720-4. [PMID: 11477585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chest wall recurrences are a frequent problem in patients treated by mastectomy for breast cancer. Surgery and ionizing radiation are established treatment modalities in these cases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides an alternative treatment modality using a photosensitizer and laser light to induce selective tumor necrosis. PDT was performed as compassionate use in 7 patients aged 57.6 years (+/-12.6 SD). A total of 89 metastatic skin nodes were treated in 11 PDT sessions. As photosensitizer meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) was applied intravenously. Patients (n = 3) photosensitized with a drug dose of 0.10 mg/kg bodyweight were irradiated 48 hr after drug application at a lightdose of 5 J/cm(2). Patients (n = 4) were illuminated by an optical dose of 10 J/cm(2) 96 hr after photosensitization with 0.15 mg/kg. Laser light at a wavelength of 652 nm was generated by a diode laser and applied by a front lens light diffuser using a fluence rate of 20--25 mW/cm(2). PDT using m-THPC resulted in complete response in all patients. Response to treatment did not differ when using the 2 different drugdose protocols. Healing time depended mainly on the size of the illumination field but not on the lightdose. Pain score usually raised 1 day after PDT and lasted at higher levels for about 10 days. Healing time usually ranged between 8--10 weeks. Photodynamic technique offers a minimal-invasive, outpatient treatment modality for recurrent breast cancer on the chest wall with few side effects, high patient's satisfaction and with possible repetitive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wyss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Pham TH, Hornung R, Berns MW, Tadir Y, Tromberg BJ. Monitoring tumor response during photodynamic therapy using near-infrared photon-migration spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2001. [PMID: 11421074 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730669mtrdpt2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzoporphyrin-derivative (BPD)-monoacid-ring A photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on subcutaneous tumor implants in a rat ovarian cancer model. In order to assess PDT efficacy the tumor and normal tissue optical properties were measured noninvasively prior to and during PDT using frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM). FDPM data were used to quantify tissue absorption and reduced scattering properties (given by the parameters mu a and mu's, respectively) at four near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (674, 811, 849 and 956 nm). Tissue physiologic properties, including the in vivo concentration of BPD, deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), total hemoglobin (TotHb), water (H2O) and percent tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%StO2), were calculated from optical property data. PDT efficacy was also determined from morphometric analysis of tumor necrosis in histologic specimens. All the measured tumor properties changed significantly during PDT. [Hb] increased by 9%, while [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 decreased by 18, 7 and 12%, respectively. Using histologic data we show that long-term PDT efficacy is highly correlated to mean BPD concentration in tumor and PDT-induced acute changes in [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 (correlation coefficients of 0.829, 0.817 and 0.953, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that NIR FDPM spectroscopy is able to quantify noninvasively and dynamically the PDT-induced physiological effects in vivo that are highly correlated with therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Pham
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Milanesio ME, Alvarez MG, Yslas EI, Borsarelli CD, Silber JJ, Rivarola V, Durantini EN. Photodynamic studies of metallo 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin: photochemical characterization and biological consequences in a human carcinoma cell line. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:14-21. [PMID: 11460532 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0014:psomtm>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic activities of the free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TMP) and their metal complexes with zinc(II) (ZnTMP), copper(II) (CuTMP) and cadmium(II) (CdTMP) have been compared in two systems: reverse micelle of n-heptane/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/water bearing photooxidizable substrates and Hep-2 human larynx carcinoma cell line. The quantum yields of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1 delta g), production (phi delta) of TMP, ZnTMP and CdTMP in tetrahydrofuran, were determined yielding values of 0.65, 0.73 and 0.73, respectively, while O2(1 delta g) formation was not detected for CuTMP. In the reverse micellar system, the amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) was used as biological substrate to analyze the O2(1 delta g)-mediated photooxidation. The observed rate constants for Trp photooxidation (kobsTrp) were proportional to the sensitizer quantum yield of O2(1 delta g). A value of approximately 2 x 10(7) s-1 M-1 was found for the second-order rate constant of Trp (krTry) in this system. The response of Hep-2 cells to cytotoxicity photoinduced by these agents in a biological medium was studied. The Hep-2 cultures were treated with 1 microM of porphyrin for 24 h at 37 degrees C and the cells exposed to visible light. The cell survival at different light exposure levels was dependent on phi delta. Under these conditions, the cytotoxic effect increases in the order: Cu-TMP << TMP < ZnTMP approximately CdTMP, correlating with the production of O2(1 delta g). A similar behavior was observed in both the chemical and biological media indicating that the O2(1 delta g) mediation appears to be mainly responsible for the cell inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Milanesio
- Departamento de Química y Física, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
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La Penna M, Alvarez MG, Yslas EI, Rivarola V, Durantini EN. Photodynamic activity of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin on the Hep-2 human carcinoma cell line: effect of light dose and wavelength range. Bioorg Chem 2001; 29:130-9. [PMID: 11437388 DOI: 10.1006/bioo.2001.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic activity of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TMP) has been investigated in two systems: reverse micelles of n-heptane/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water-bearing photooxidizable substrates and on a Hep-2 human carcinoma cell line. The effect of variation in the light dose and wavelength range (360-800, 455-800, and 590-800 nm) was compared in both media. The aerobic singlet oxygen-mediated photooxidation of L-tryptophan (Trp) was used as a model of biological substrate in a micellar system. A considerable increase of the observed rate constants of Trp (k(Trp)(obs)) was noted, increasing the irradiated area of the TMP spectrum. In vitro, the survival curves of Hep-2 cells, treated with TMP, were markedly dependent on the light wavelength ranges used for irradiation. A linear behavior between k(Trp)(obs) and the photoinactivation rate of Hep-2 cells was found, indicating that the singlet oxygen (1O2 ) is the main species responsible for cell inactivation. These results contributed to an understanding of the photodynamic process yielded by this porphyrin in vitro and the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M La Penna
- Departamento de Química y Física, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Pham TH, Hornung R, Berns MW, Tadir Y, Tromberg BJ. Monitoring tumor response during photodynamic therapy using near-infrared photon-migration spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 73:669-77. [PMID: 11421074 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0669:mtrdpt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzoporphyrin-derivative (BPD)-monoacid-ring A photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on subcutaneous tumor implants in a rat ovarian cancer model. In order to assess PDT efficacy the tumor and normal tissue optical properties were measured noninvasively prior to and during PDT using frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM). FDPM data were used to quantify tissue absorption and reduced scattering properties (given by the parameters mu a and mu's, respectively) at four near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (674, 811, 849 and 956 nm). Tissue physiologic properties, including the in vivo concentration of BPD, deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), total hemoglobin (TotHb), water (H2O) and percent tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%StO2), were calculated from optical property data. PDT efficacy was also determined from morphometric analysis of tumor necrosis in histologic specimens. All the measured tumor properties changed significantly during PDT. [Hb] increased by 9%, while [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 decreased by 18, 7 and 12%, respectively. Using histologic data we show that long-term PDT efficacy is highly correlated to mean BPD concentration in tumor and PDT-induced acute changes in [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 (correlation coefficients of 0.829, 0.817 and 0.953, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that NIR FDPM spectroscopy is able to quantify noninvasively and dynamically the PDT-induced physiological effects in vivo that are highly correlated with therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Pham
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Keefe KA, Chahine EB, DiSaia PJ, Krasieva TB, Lin F, Berns MW, Tadir Y. Fluorescence detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia for photodynamic therapy with the topical agents 5-aminolevulinic acid and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:1164-9. [PMID: 11349183 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether 2 photosensitizers, benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring and 5-aminolevulinic acid, are selectively absorbed by dysplastic cervical cells after topical administration. STUDY DESIGN This phase I clinical trial involved 18 women with biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, Calif. Colposcopically directed cervical biopsy specimens obtained after 1.5, 3, or 6 hours of exposure to a randomly assigned photosensitizer were evaluated for selective drug absorption with hematoxylin and eosin staining and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS After exposure to 5-aminolevulinic acid, cervical tissue showed maximal fluorescence in dysplastic cells relative to normal cells, with negligible stromal fluorescence. According to our detection methods benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring demonstrated nonselective, diffusion-driven uptake, with fluorescence appearing in the superficial cells, followed by nonselective drug absorption in the remaining cells and stroma of the epithelium. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated selective absorption of 5-aminolevulinic acid by dysplastic cervical cells. This agent therefore represents a promising photosensitizing prodrug for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, USA
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Chapter 7 Photosensitizers—systemic sensitization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-461x(01)80111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hornung R, Fehr MK, Walt H, Wyss P, Berns MW, Tadir Y. PEG-m-THPC-mediated photodynamic effects on normal rat tissues. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 72:696-700. [PMID: 11107857 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0696:pmtmpe>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignancies uses light to activate a photosensitizer preferentially accumulated in cancer cells. The first pegylated photosensitizer, tetrakis-(m-methoxypolyethylene glycol) derivative of 7,8-dihydro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-21-23-[H]-porphyrin (PEG-m-THPC), was evaluated in non-tumor-bearing rats. The aim of this study was to assess the photodynamic threshold for damage and its sequelae in normal rat tissue. Thirty-five Fischer rats were sensitized with 3, 9 or 30 mg/kg body weight PEG-m-THPC. Colon, vagina and perineum were irradiated with laser light of 652 nm wavelength and an optical dose of 50, 150 or 450 J/cm fiber length. Temperature in the pelvis was measured during PDT. Three days following PDT the effect on skin, vagina, colon, striated muscle, connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels was assessed by histology. The healing of the above-mentioned tissues was assessed on two rats 3 and 8 weeks after PDT using 9 mg/kg PEG-m-THPC activated with 450 J/cm laser light. No dark toxicity was observed. PDT using 30 mg/kg PEG-m-THPC induced severe necrosis irrespective of the optical dose. Body weight of 9 or 3 mg/kg activated with less than 450 J/cm induced moderate or no damage. No substantial increase in body temperature was seen during PDT. Tissues with severe PDT-induced damage seem to have a good tendency to regenerate. We conclude that within the dose required for tumor treatment PEG-m-THPC is a safe photosensitizer with promising properties. PDT of the colon mucosa below 9 mg/kg PEG-m-THPC and 150 J/cm seems to be safe. All other tissues can be exposed to 9 mg/kg PEG-m-THPC activated with less than 450 J/cm laser light with little side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hornung
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE New photosensitizers proposed for photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of tumors need to be evaluated in animal models to determine the parameters needed for treatment. They also need to be compared with existing photosensitizers for efficacy. We examined the PDT response to lutetium-texaphyrin (PCI-0123) in a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma model and compared it with the PDT response seen when using Photofrin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS DBA/2 mice with SMT-F tumors were used to explore PCI-0123 toxicity, laser light dose, and drug dose effects on PDT response and to determine the most effective time for light application. The PDT response of PCI-0123-treated tumors was compared with that of Photofrin-treated tumors. RESULTS Treatment of tumors with 150 J/cm2 of 740 nm laser light 5-6 hr after PCI-0123 administration (40 mg/kg) resulted in a 100% response rate and a 55% cure rate. Tumors treated with 150 J/cm2 of 630 nm laser light 24 hr after Photofrin administration (10 mg/kg) resulted in a 67% response rate and a 16% cure rate. CONCLUSION PCI-0123 was found to be a more effective photosensitizer than Photofrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hammer-Wilson
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92697-1475, USA
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Hornung R, Fink D, Dobler-Girdziunaite D, Stallmach T, Haller U, Walt H. Photodynamic therapy for the hypercalcemic type of the small cell carcinoma of the ovary in a mouse xenograft model. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 75:447-52. [PMID: 10600305 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypercalcemic type of the small cell carcinoma of the ovary (HTSCCO) is a rapidly fatal ovarian tumor in young women. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces selective necrosis to malignant tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the HTSCCO to PDT in a mouse xenograft model. METHODS Tumors were obtained from a patient with a HTSCCO and were transplanted into nude mice. Following photosensitization with m-THPC, either superficial or interstitial laser light was administered to the tumors. Necroses were measured by morphometry. Serum calcium levels were determined prior to and after PDT. RESULTS Superficial irradiation of m-THPC sensitized tumors showed over three times more necrosis than control tumors (P = 0.037). Interstitially irradiated tumors showed over seven times more necrosis than control tumors (P = 0.0012). All animals showed a highly significant hypercalcemia prior to PDT (P < 0.0001). PDT induced a significant decrease in serum calcium levels (P = 0.0297). CONCLUSION This study suggests that PDT may be of therapeutic value for the HTSCCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hornung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hornung R, Fehr MK, Monti-Frayne J, Krasieva TB, Tromberg BJ, Berns MW, Tadir Y. Highly Selective Targeting of Ovarian Cancer with the Photosensitizer PEG-m-THPC in a Rat Model. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hornung R, Fehr MK, Monti-Frayne J, Tromberg BJ, Berns MW, Tadir Y. Minimally-invasive debulking of ovarian cancer in the rat pelvis by means of photodynamic therapy using the pegylated photosensitizer PEG-m-THPC. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:631-7. [PMID: 10574248 PMCID: PMC2362885 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the pegylated photosensitizer PEG-m-THPC was evaluated as a minimally-invasive procedure to selectively debulk unrespectable pelvic ovarian cancer (NuTu-19) in immunocompetent rats. To assess tumour selectivity, PEG-m-THPC at dosages of 0.3, 3.0 and 30 mg kg(-1) body weight was administered intravenously to 30 rats 4 weeks following tumour induction. Eight days later laser light at 652 nm and optical doses ranging from 100 to 900 J cm(-1) diffuser-length was delivered by an interstitial cylindrical diffusing fibre inserted blindly into the pelvis. Three days following light application, the volume of necrosis was measured and the damage to pelvic organs was assessed histologically on cross sections. For analysis of survival, 20 tumour-bearing rats received PDT using drug doses of 3 or 9 mg kg(-1) body weight and an optical dose of 900 J cm(-1) diffuser-length, whereas ten untreated tumour-bearing rats served as controls. The histological assessment of PDT induced necrosis showed a non-linear dose-response for both the photosensitizer dose and the optical dose. The lowest drug dose activated with the highest optical dose did not induce more necrosis than seen in tumour-bearing control animals. The same optical dose induced necrosis of 17 mm in diameter using 30 mg kg(-1) and 11 mm using 3 mg kg(-1) photosensitizer. The optical threshold for induction of significant necrosis was between 100 and 300 J cm(-1) diffuser-length for 30 mg kg(-1) and between 300 and 500 J cm(-1) for 3 mg kg(-1) PEG-m-THPC. Significant damage to normal pelvic organs was only seen if 30 mg kg(-1) photosensitizer was activated with optical doses of 700 J cm(-1) or more. In the survival study, all treated animals survived PDT for at least 2 weeks and the intestinal and urinary tract remained functional. No clinical signs of blood vessel or nerve injury were observed. Mean overall survival of untreated tumour-bearing rats was 25.0 +/- 4.5 days compared to 38.4 +/- 3.8 days and 40.0 +/- 3.6 days for rats treated with 3 mg kg(-1) or 9 mg kg(-1) PEG-m-THPC mediated PDT respectively (P < 0.05). We conclude that PEG-m-THPC mediated PDT has a favourable therapeutic window and that this minimally-invasive procedure can reduce pelvic cancer bulks effectively and selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hornung
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 92612, USA
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Redmond RW, Gamlin JN. A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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