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Basu S, Kumar G. Regulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis: an effective approach to enhance salinity tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:193. [PMID: 39008125 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food security. It is, therefore, a serious concern that needs to be addressed expeditiously. The overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key events occurring during salt stress, consequently employing nitro-oxidative stress and programmed cell death in plants. However, very sporadic studies have been performed concerning different aspects of nitro-oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. The ability of plants to tolerate salinity is associated with their ability to maintain the cellular redox equilibrium mediated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The present review emphasizes the mechanisms of ROS and RNS generation in plants, providing a detailed evaluation of how redox homeostasis is conserved through their effective removal. The uniqueness of this article stems from its incorporation of expression analyses of candidate genes for different antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS and RNS detoxification across various developmental stages and tissues of rice, utilizing publicly available microarray data. It underscores the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to improve salinity tolerance in crops, employing different antioxidants as markers. The review also explores how various transcription factors contribute to plants' ability to tolerate salinity by either activating or repressing the expression of stress-responsive genes. In summary, the review offers a thorough insight into the nitro-oxidative homeostasis strategy for extenuating salinity stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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2
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Yu NN, Park G. Nitric Oxide in Fungi: Production and Function. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:155. [PMID: 38392826 PMCID: PMC10889981 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in all kingdoms of life, where it plays a role in the regulation of various physiological and developmental processes. In terms of endogenous NO biology, fungi have been less well researched than mammals, plants, and bacteria. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies to date on intracellular NO biosynthesis and function in fungi. Two mechanisms for NO biosynthesis, NO synthase (NOS)-mediated arginine oxidation and nitrate- and nitrite-reductase-mediated nitrite reduction, are the most frequently reported. Furthermore, we summarize the multifaceted functions of NO in fungi as well as its role as a signaling molecule in fungal growth regulation, development, abiotic stress, virulence regulation, and metabolism. Finally, we present potential directions for future research on fungal NO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Yu
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Wang WJ, Li XP, Shen WH, Huang QY, Cong RP, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Nitric oxide mediates red light-induced perylenequinone production in Shiraia mycelium culture. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38647587 PMCID: PMC10991179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perylenequinones (PQs) from bambusicolous Shiraia fungi serve as excellent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. However, the lower yield of PQ production in mycelium cultures is an important bottleneck for their clinical application. Light has long been recognized as a pivotal regulatory signal for fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this study, we explored the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the growth and PQ biosynthesis in mycelium cultures of Shiraia sp. S9 exposed to red light. The continuous irradiation with red light (627 nm, 200 lx) suppressed fungal conidiation, promoted hyphal branching, and elicited a notable increase in PQ accumulation. Red light exposure induced NO generation, peaking to 81.7 μmol/g FW on day 8 of the culture, with the involvement of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- or nitrate reductase (NR)-dependent pathways. The application of a NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) restored conidiation of Shiraia sp. S9 under red light and stimulated PQ production, which was mitigated upon the introduction of NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO or soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS-2028. These results showed that red light-induced NO, as a signaling molecule, was involved in the regulation of growth and PQ production in Shiraia sp. S9 through the NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. While mycelial H2O2 content exhibited no significant alternations, a transient increase of intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular ATP (eATP) content was detected upon exposure to red light. The generation of NO was found to be interdependent on cytosolic Ca2+ and eATP concentration. These signal molecules cooperated synergistically to enhance membrane permeability and elevate the transcript levels of PQ biosynthetic genes in Shiraia sp. S9. Notably, the combined treatment of red light with 5 μM SNP yielded a synergistic effect, resulting in a substantially higher level of hypocrellin A (HA, 254 mg/L), about 3.0-fold over the dark control. Our findings provide valuable insights into the regulation of NO on fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis and present a promising strategy involving the combined elicitation with SNP for enhanced production of photoactive PQs and other valuable secondary metabolites in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen Hao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Yan Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Peng Cong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jian Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Yu NN, Veerana M, Ketya W, Sun HN, Park G. RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Response in Neurospora crassa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:985. [PMID: 37888241 PMCID: PMC10607626 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While the biological role of naturally occurring nitric oxide (NO) in filamentous fungi has been uncovered, the underlying molecular regulatory networks remain unclear. In this study, we conducted an analysis of transcriptome profiles to investigate the initial stages of understanding these NO regulatory networks in Neurospora crassa, a well-established model filamentous fungus. Utilizing RNA sequencing, differential gene expression screening, and various functional analyses, our findings revealed that the removal of intracellular NO resulted in the differential transcription of 424 genes. Notably, the majority of these differentially expressed genes were functionally linked to processes associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, our analysis highlighted the prevalence of four specific protein domains (zinc finger C2H2, PLCYc, PLCXc, and SH3) in the encoded proteins of these differentially expressed genes. Through protein-protein interaction network analysis, we identified eight hub genes with substantial interaction connectivity, with mss-4 and gel-3 emerging as possibly major responsive genes during NO scavenging, particularly influencing vegetative growth. Additionally, our study unveiled that NO scavenging led to the inhibition of gene transcription related to a protein complex associated with ribosome biogenesis. Overall, our investigation suggests that endogenously produced NO in N. crassa likely governs the transcription of genes responsible for protein complexes involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, as well as ribosomal biogenesis, ultimately impacting the growth and development of hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Yu
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (N.-N.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Mayura Veerana
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Wirinthip Ketya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (N.-N.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (N.-N.Y.); (W.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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The C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein MaNCP1 Contributes to Conidiation through Governing the Nitrate Assimilation Pathway in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium acridum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090942. [PMID: 36135667 PMCID: PMC9505000 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are an important class of multifunctional regulators. Here, the roles of a C2H2 zinc finger protein MaNCP1 (Metarhizium acridum nitrate-related conidiation pattern shift regulatory factor 1) in nitrogen utilization and conidiation were explored in the entomopathogenic fungus M. acridum. The results showed that MaNCP1-disruption mutant (ΔMaNCP1) impaired the ability to utilize nitrate, ammonium and glutamine and reduced the expression of nitrate assimilation-related genes, suggesting that MaNCP1 was involved in governing nitrogen utilization. In addition, the conidial yield of the ΔMaNCP1 strain, cultured on the microcycle conidiation medium (SYA), was significantly decreased, which could be restored or even enhanced than that of the WT strain through increasing the nitrate content in SYA medium. Further study showed that MaAreA, a core regulator in the nitrogen catabolism repression (NCR) pathway, was a downstream target gene of MaNCP1. Screening the differential expression genes between WT and ΔMaNCP1 strains revealed that the conidial yield of M. acridum regulated by nitrate might be related to NCR pathway on SYA medium. It could be concluded that MaNCP1 contributes to the nitrate assimilation and conidiation, which will provide further insights into the relationship between the nitrogen utilization and conidiation in fungi.
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Li C, Xu D, Hu M, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Jin K. MaNCP1, a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein, Governs the Conidiation Pattern Shift through Regulating the Reductive Pathway for Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Filamentous Fungus Metarhizium acridum. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0053822. [PMID: 35536030 PMCID: PMC9241723 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00538-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asexual sporulation is the most common reproduction mode of fungi. Most filamentous fungi have two conidiation patterns, normal conidiation and microcycle conidiation, which may be regulated by nutritional conditions. Nitrogen source can affect the fungal conidiation pattern, but the regulatory mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we report a C2H2 zinc finger protein, MaNCP1, which has typical transcription factor characteristics and is screened from the subtractive library regulated by nitrate in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum. MaNCP1 and its N-terminal play critical roles in the conidiation pattern shift. Further study shows that MaNCP1 interacts with MaNmrA, which also contributes to the conidiation pattern shift and is involved in the reductive pathway of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Intriguingly, the conidiation pattern of the MaNCP1-disruption strain (ΔMaNCP1) can be restored to microcycle conidiation when grown on the microcycle conidiation medium, SYA, supplemented with NO donor or overexpressing MaNmrA in ΔMaNCP1. Here, we reveal that MaNCP1 governs the conidiation pattern shift through regulating the reductive synthesis of NO by physically targeting MaNmrA in M. acridum. This work provides new mechanistic insights into how changes in nitrogen utilization are linked to the regulation of fungal morphological changes. IMPORTANCE Fungal conidia play important roles in the response to environmental stimuli and evasion of the host immune system. The nitrogen source is one of the main factors affecting shifts in fungal conidiation patterns, but the regulatory mechanism involved is not fully understood. In this work, we report that the C2H2 zinc finger protein, MaNCP1, governs the conidiation pattern shift in M. acridum by targeting the MaNmrA gene, thereby altering the regulation of the reductive pathway for NO synthesis. This work provides further insights into how the nutritional environment can regulate the morphogenesis of filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochuang Li
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingxiang Xu
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Hu
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qipei Zhang
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jin
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Koyro HW, Huchzermeyer B. From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131654. [PMID: 35807605 PMCID: PMC9269222 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress-resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plantecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard Huchzermeyer
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30416 Hannover, Germany; or
- AK Biotechnology, VDI-BV-Hannover, Hanomagstr. 12, 30449 Hannover, Germany
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8
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6544667. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Falak N, Imran QM, Hussain A, Yun BW. Transcription Factors as the "Blitzkrieg" of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide's Role in Gene Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E522. [PMID: 33430258 PMCID: PMC7825681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Falak
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (N.F.); (Q.M.I.)
| | - Qari Muhammad Imran
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (N.F.); (Q.M.I.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (N.F.); (Q.M.I.)
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Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10737-10753. [PMID: 33064185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been reported as a compound that can induce ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis, an important secondary metabolite of G. lucidum. Herein, MeJA was found to increase the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, upregulation of GA biosynthesis in the presence of MeJA was abolished when NO was depleted from the culture. This result demonstrated that MeJA-regulated GA biosynthesis might occur via NO signaling. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we used gene-silenced strains of nitrate reductase (NR) and the inhibitor of NR to illustrate the role of NO in MeJA induction. The results indicated that the increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA was activated by NR-generated NO. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the reduction of NO could induce GA levels in the control group, but NO could also activate GA biosynthesis upon MeJA treatment. Further results indicated that NR silencing reversed the increased enzymatic activity of NOX to generate ROS due to MeJA induction. Importantly, our results highlight the NR-generated NO functions in signaling crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and MeJA. These results provide a good opportunity to determine the potential pathway linking NO to the ROS signaling pathway in fungi treated with MeJA. KEY POINTS: • MeJA increased the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO) in G. lucidum. • The increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA is activated by NR-generated NO. • NO acts as a signaling molecule between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MeJA.
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Rather BA, Mir IR, Sehar Z, Anjum NA, Masood A, Khan NA. The outcomes of the functional interplay of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in metal stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:523-534. [PMID: 32836198 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of metals constraints plants health, metabolism and productivity. The sustainable approaches for minimizing major metals-accrued phytotoxicity have been least explored. The gasotransmitters signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play a significant role in the mitigation of major consequences of metals stress. Versatile gaseous signaling molecules, NO and H2S are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in plants and their tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, literature available on NO or H2S stand alone, and the major insights into the roles of NO and/or H2S in plant tolerance, particularly to metals, remained unclear. Given above, this paper aimed to (a) briefly overview metals and highlight their major phytotoxicity; (b) appraises literature reporting potential mechanisms underlying the roles of NO and H2S in plant-metal tolerance; (c) crosstalk on NO and H2S in relation to plant metal tolerance. Additionally, major aspects so far unexplored in the current context have also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Rather
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Naser A Anjum
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Filippovich SY, Onufriev MV, Peregud DI, Bachurina GP, Kritsky MS. Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity in the Photomorphogenesis of Neurospora сrassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Lou HW, Zhao Y, Chen BX, Yu YH, Tang HB, Ye ZW, Lin JF, Guo LQ. Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030410. [PMID: 32155914 PMCID: PMC7175373 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies contain a variety of bioactive components that are beneficial to the human body. However, the low yield of fruiting bodies and the low carotenoid content in C. militaris have seriously hindered the development of the C. militaris industry. To elucidate the developmental mechanism of the fruiting bodies of C. militaris and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids, the function of the flavohemoprotein-like Cmfhp gene of C. militaris was identified for the first time. The Cmfhp gene was knocked out by the split-marker method, and the targeted gene deletion mutant ΔCmfhp was obtained. An increased nitric oxide (NO) content, no fruiting body production, decreased carotenoid content, and reduced conidial production were found in the mutant ΔCmfhp. These characteristics were restored when the Cmfhp gene expression cassette was complemented into the ΔCmfhp strain by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Nonetheless, the Cmfhp gene had no significant effect on the mycelial growth rate of C. militaris. These results indicated that the Cmfhp gene regulated the biosynthesis of NO and carotenoids, the development of fruiting bodies, and the formation of conidia. These findings potentially pave the way to reveal the developmental mechanism of fruiting bodies and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids in C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Lou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Bai-Xiong Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Ying-Hao Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Hong-Biao Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (L.-Q.G.)
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (L.-Q.G.)
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15
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Zhao Y, Lim J, Xu J, Yu J, Zheng W. Nitric oxide as a developmental and metabolic signal in filamentous fungi. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:872-882. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Jieyin Lim
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jianyang Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine General Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jae‐Hyuk Yu
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Weifa Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
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16
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Shivaraj SM, Vats S, Bhat JA, Dhakte P, Goyal V, Khatri P, Kumawat S, Singh A, Prasad M, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide crosstalk during heavy metal stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:437-455. [PMID: 31587278 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gases such as ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have been recognized as vital signaling molecules in plants and animals. Of these gasotransmitters, NO and H2 S have recently gained momentum mainly because of their involvement in numerous cellular processes. It is therefore important to study their various attributes including their biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The present review provides an insight into various routes for the biosynthesis of NO and H2 S as well as their signaling role in plant cells under different conditions, more particularly under heavy metal stress. Their beneficial roles in the plant's protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as their adverse effects have been addressed. This review describes how H2 S and NO, being very small-sized molecules, can quickly pass through the cell membranes and trigger a multitude of responses to various factors, notably to various stress conditions such as drought, heat, osmotic, heavy metal and multiple biotic stresses. The versatile interactions between H2 S and NO involved in the different molecular pathways have been discussed. In addition to the signaling role of H2 S and NO, their direct role in posttranslational modifications is also considered. The information provided here will be helpful to better understand the multifaceted roles of H2 S and NO in plants, particularly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelavanta M Shivaraj
- Département de phytologie, University Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Javaid A Bhat
- Soybean Research Institution, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Sheng, China
| | - Priyanka Dhakte
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Khatri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Akshay Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Tilak R Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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17
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Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling in Extractive Shiraia Fermentation by Triton X-100 for Hypocrellin A Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030882. [PMID: 32019072 PMCID: PMC7037624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiraia mycelial culture is a promising biotechnological alternative for the production of hypocrellin A (HA), a new photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). The extractive fermentation of intracellular HA in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100) aqueous solution was studied in the present work. The addition of 25 g/L TX100 at 36 h of the fermentation not only enhanced HA exudation to the broth by 15.6-fold, but stimulated HA content in mycelia by 5.1-fold, leading to the higher production 206.2 mg/L, a 5.4-fold of the control on day 9. After the induced cell membrane permeabilization by TX100 addition, a rapid generation of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed. The increase of NO level was suppressed by the scavenger vitamin C (VC) of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the induced H2O2 production could not be prevented by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), suggesting that NO production may occur downstream of ROS in the extractive fermentation. Both NO and H2O2 were proved to be involved in the expressions of HA biosynthetic genes (Mono, PKS and Omef) and HA production. NO was found to be able to up-regulate the expression of transporter genes (MFS and ABC) for HA exudation. Our results indicated the integrated role of NO and ROS in the extractive fermentation and provided a practical biotechnological process for HA production.
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18
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Marcos AT, Ramos MS, Schinko T, Strauss J, Cánovas D. Nitric oxide homeostasis is required for light-dependent regulation of conidiation in Aspergillus. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 137:103337. [PMID: 31991229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) can be biologically synthesized from nitrite or from arginine. Although NO is involved as a signal in many biological processes in bacteria, plants, and mammals, still little is known about the role of NO in fungi. Here we show that NO levels are regulated by light as an environmental signal in Aspergillus nidulans. The flavohaemoglobin-encoding fhbB gene involved in NO oxidation to nitrate, and the arginine-regulated arginase encoded by agaA, which controls the intracellular concentration of arginine, are both up-regulated by light. The phytochrome fphA is required for the light-dependent induction of fhbB and agaA, while the white-collar gene lreA acts as a repressor when arginine is present in the media. The intracellular arginine pools increase upon induction of both developmental programs (conidiation and sexual development), and the increase is higher under conditions promoting sexual development. The presence of low concentrations of arginine does not affect the light-dependent regulation of conidiation, but high concentrations of arginine overrun the light signal. Deletion of fhbB results in the partial loss of the light regulation of conidiation on arginine and on nitrate media, while deletion of fhbA only affects the light regulation of conidiation on nitrate media. Our working model considers a cross-talk between environmental cues and intracellular signals to regulate fungal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Marcos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Spain
| | - María S Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Thorsten Schinko
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Science, University and Research Center - Campus Tulln, Tulln - Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Science, University and Research Center - Campus Tulln, Tulln - Donau, Austria
| | - David Cánovas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Spain; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Science, University and Research Center - Campus Tulln, Tulln - Donau, Austria.
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19
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Cañas A, Palma JM. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in plants: which comes first? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4391-4404. [PMID: 30715479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signal molecule regarded as being involved in myriad functions in plants under physiological, pathogenic, and adverse environmental conditions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has also recently been recognized as a new gasotransmitter with a diverse range of functions similar to those of NO. Depending on their respective concentrations, both these molecules act synergistically or antagonistically as signals or damage promoters in plants. Nevertheless, available evidence shows that the complex biological connections between NO and H2S involve multiple pathways and depend on the plant organ and species, as well as on experimental conditions. Cysteine-based redox switches are prone to reversible modification; proteomic and biochemical analyses have demonstrated that certain target proteins undergo post-translational modifications such as S-nitrosation, caused by NO, and persulfidation, caused by H2S, both of which affect functionality. This review provides a comprehensive update on NO and H2S in physiological processes (seed germination, root development, stomatal movement, leaf senescence, and fruit ripening) and under adverse environmental conditions. Existing data suggest that H2S acts upstream or downstream of the NO signaling cascade, depending on processes such as stomatal closure or in response to abiotic stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Amanda Cañas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
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20
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Filippovich SY, Onufriev MV, Bachurina GP, Kritsky MS. The Role of Nitrogen Oxide in Photomorphogenesis in Neurospora сrassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Melatonin: A Small Molecule but Important for Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030709. [PMID: 30736409 PMCID: PMC6387279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors in worldwide agricultural production, resulting in huge annual yield loss. Since 1995, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)—an ancient multi-functional molecule in eukaryotes and prokaryotes—has been extensively validated as a regulator of plant growth and development, as well as various stress responses, especially its crucial role in plant salt tolerance. Salt stress and exogenous melatonin lead to an increase in endogenous melatonin levels, partly via the phyto-melatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1. Melatonin plays important roles, as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, in the improvement of antioxidant systems under salt stress. These functions improve photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and activate a series of downstream signals, such as hormones, nitric oxide (NO) and polyamine metabolism. Melatonin also regulates gene expression responses to salt stress. In this study, we review recent literature and summarize the regulatory roles and signaling networks involving melatonin in response to salt stress in plants. We also discuss genes and gene families involved in the melatonin-mediated salt stress tolerance.
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22
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Zhang Y, Su J, Cheng D, Wang R, Mei Y, Hu H, Shen W, Zhang Y. Nitric oxide contributes to methane-induced osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:207. [PMID: 30249185 PMCID: PMC6154425 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmotic stress is a major abiotic stress limiting crop production by affecting plant growth and development. Although previous reports discovered that methane (CH4) has a beneficial effect on osmotic stress, the corresponding downstream signal(s) is still elusive. RESULTS Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment progressively stimulated the production of CH4 in germinating mung bean seeds. Exogenous CH4 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) not only triggered nitric oxide (NO) production in PEG-stressed plants, but also alleviated the inhibition of seed germination. Meanwhile, amylase activity was activated, thus accelerating the formation of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar. Above responses could be impaired by NO scavenger(s), suggesting that CH4-induced stress tolerance was dependent on NO. Subsequent tests showed that CH4 could reestablish redox balance in a NO-dependent fashion. The addition of inhibitors of the nitrate reductase (NR) and NO synthase in mammalian (NOS), suggested that NR and NOS-like protein might be partially involved in CH4-alleviated seed germination inhibition. In vitro and scavenger tests showed that NO-mediated S-nitrosylation might be associated with above CH4 responses. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicated an important role of endogenous NO in CH4-enhanced plant tolerance against osmotic stress, and NO-regulated redox homeostasis and S-nitrosylation might be involved in above CH4 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiuchang Su
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yudong Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huali Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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23
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Higgins SA, Schadt CW, Matheny PB, Löffler FE. Phylogenomics Reveal the Dynamic Evolution of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductases and Their Relationship to Secondary Metabolism. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2474-2489. [PMID: 30165640 PMCID: PMC6161760 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi expressing P450nor, an unconventional nitric oxide (NO) reducing cytochrome P450, are considered significant contributors to environmental nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Despite extensive efforts, fungal contributions to N2O emissions remain uncertain. For example, the majority of N2O emitted from antibiotic-amended soil microcosms is attributed to fungal activity, yet axenic fungal cultures do not couple N-oxyanion respiration to growth and these fungi produce only minor quantities of N2O. To assist in reconciling these conflicting observations and produce a benchmark genomic analysis of fungal denitrifiers, genes underlying denitrification were examined in >700 fungal genomes. Of 167 p450nor—containing genomes identified, 0, 30, and 48 also harbored the denitrification genes narG, napA, or nirK, respectively. Compared with napA and nirK, p450nor was twice as abundant and exhibited 2–5-fold more gene duplications, losses, and transfers, indicating a disconnect between p450nor presence and denitrification potential. Furthermore, cooccurrence of p450nor with genes encoding NO-detoxifying flavohemoglobins (Spearman r = 0.87, p = 1.6e−10) confounds hypotheses regarding P450nor’s primary role in NO detoxification. Instead, ancestral state reconstruction united P450nor with actinobacterial cytochrome P450s (CYP105) involved in secondary metabolism (SM) and 19 (11%) p450nor-containing genomic regions were predicted to be SM clusters. Another 40 (24%) genomes harbored genes nearby p450nor predicted to encode hallmark SM functions, providing additional contextual evidence linking p450nor to SM. These findings underscore the potential physiological implications of widespread p450nor gene transfer, support the undiscovered affiliation of p450nor with fungal SM, and challenge the hypothesis of p450nor’s primary role in denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (UT-ORNL), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS), Oak Ridge
| | - Patrick B Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (UT-ORNL), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS), Oak Ridge.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
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24
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Astier J, Gross I, Durner J. Nitric oxide production in plants: an update. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3401-3411. [PMID: 29240949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in plant physiology. However, its production in photosynthetic organisms remains partially unresolved. The best characterized NO production route involves the reduction of nitrite to NO via different non-enzymatic or enzymatic mechanisms. Nitrate reductases (NRs), the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the new complex between NR and NOFNiR (nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductase) described in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the main enzymatic systems that perform this reductive NO production in plants. Apart from this reductive route, several reports acknowledge the possible existence of an oxidative NO production in an arginine-dependent pathway, similar to the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity present in animals. However, no NOS homologs have been found in the genome of embryophytes and, despite an increasing amount of evidence attesting to the existence of NOS-like activity in plants, the involved proteins remain to be identified. Here we review NO production in plants with emphasis on the presentation and discussion of recent data obtained in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inonge Gross
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016. [PMID: 27921397 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b160010200425-010-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Diao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yong-Jun Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dong-Mei Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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26
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:916-930. [PMID: 27921397 PMCID: PMC5172597 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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27
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Nitric oxide synthase in plants: Where do we stand? Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:30-38. [PMID: 27658319 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important player in various plant physiological processes. Although many advances in the understanding of NO functions have been made, the question of how NO is produced in plants is still challenging. It is now generally accepted that the endogenous production of NO is mainly accomplished through the reduction of nitrite via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms which remain to be fully characterized. Furthermore, experimental arguments in favour of the existence of plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes have been reported. However, recent investigations revealed that land plants do not possess animal NOS-like enzymes while few algal species do. Phylogenetic and structural analyses reveals interesting features specific to algal NOS-like proteins.
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28
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Shumaev KB, Kosmachevskaya OV, Chumikina LV, Topunov AF. Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes and other Physiological Metabolites of Nitric Oxide: Multifarious Role in Plants. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) and some other metabolites of nitric oxide (NO) in plants. Nitric oxide is vital for all living organisms, although its role in plants has been studied insufficiently compared with that in animals. We presume that the spectrum of its functions in plants is even wider than in animals. The main NO metabolites could be S-nitrosothiols, DNICs and peroxynitrite. Of particular interest are pro- and antioxidant properties of these compounds. DNICs function and their potential biosynthetic role in plants are practically unknown and brought to the limelight in this review. Since the process of NO biosynthesis in plants is still under discussion, we also specially examine this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin B. Shumaev
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Kosmachevskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila V. Chumikina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey F. Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
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29
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Pengkit A, Jeon SS, Son SJ, Shin JH, Baik KY, Choi EH, Park G. Identification and functional analysis of endogenous nitric oxide in a filamentous fungus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30037. [PMID: 27425220 PMCID: PMC4948021 DOI: 10.1038/srep30037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of its prevalence in animals and plants, endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been rarely reported in fungi. We present here our observations on production of intracellular NO and its possible roles during development of Neurospora crassa, a model filamentous fungus. Intracellular NO was detected in hypha 8–16 hours after incubation in Vogel’s minimal liquid media and conidiophores during conidiation using a fluorescent indicator (DAF-FM diacetate). Treatment with cPTIO, an NO scavenger, significantly reduced fluorescence levels and hindered hyphal growth in liquid media and conidiation, whereas exogenous NO enhanced hyphal extension on VM agar media and conidia formation. NO scavenging also dramatically diminished transcription of con-10 and con-13, genes preferentially expressed during conidiation. Our results suggest that intracellular NO is generated in young hypha growing in submerged culture and during conidia development and regulate mycelial development and conidia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Pengkit
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Sil Jeon
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ji Son
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku Yeon Baik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
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30
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Loshchinina EA, Nikitina VE. Role of the NO synthase system in response to abiotic stress factors for basidiomycetes Lentinula edodes and Grifola frondosa. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Yin S, Gao Z, Wang C, Huang L, Kang Z, Zhang H. Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Coordinately Regulate the Germination of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Urediniospores. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:178. [PMID: 26941716 PMCID: PMC4763058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in a number of critical signal transduction pathways in plants, including plant biotic interactions. In addition to the role of plant-derived NO and ROS in plant resistance, which has been well documented, pathogen-produced NO and ROS have recently emerged as important players in fungal development and pathogenesis. However, the effects of pathogenic fungi-derived NO and ROS on signaling pathways during fungal pre-infection development remain unknown. Here, using a combination of pharmacological approaches and confocal microscopy, we investigated the roles of NO and ROS during the germination of Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst) the wheat stripe rust pathogen. Both NO and ROS have a crucial role in uredinial germination. The scavengers of NO and ROS delayed spore germination and decreased the lengths of germ tubes. A similar phenotype was produced after treatment with the promoter. However, the spores germinated and grew normally when the levels of NO and ROS were simultaneously elevated by the application of a promoter of NO and a donor of ROS. Confocal laser microscopy indicated that both NO and ROS preferentially localized at the germ pores and apexes of growing germ tubes when the ROS/NO ratio in the spores was maintained in a specific range. We concluded that both NO and ROS are critical signaling molecules in the pre-infection development of Pst and that the polar growth of the germ tube is coordinately regulated by NO and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuining Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhijuan Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Chenfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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32
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Nitric oxide in fungi: is there NO light at the end of the tunnel? Curr Genet 2016; 62:513-8. [PMID: 26886232 PMCID: PMC4929157 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a remarkable gaseous molecule with multiple and important roles in different organisms, including fungi. However, the study of the biology of NO in fungi has been hindered by the lack of a complete knowledge on the different metabolic routes that allow a proper NO balance, and the regulation of these routes. Fungi have developed NO detoxification mechanisms to combat nitrosative stress, which have been mainly characterized by their connection to pathogenesis or nitrogen metabolism. However, the progress on the studies of NO anabolic routes in fungi has been hampered by efforts to disrupt candidate genes that gave no conclusive data until recently. This review summarizes the different roles of NO in fungal biology and pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the alternatives to explain fungal NO production and the recent findings on the involvement of nitrate reductase in the synthesis of NO and its regulation during fungal development.
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33
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. Nitric Oxide in the Offensive Strategy of Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:252. [PMID: 26973690 PMCID: PMC4778047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolutionary changes pathogens have developed many invasion strategies, to which the host organisms responded with a broad range of defense reactions involving endogenous signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO). There is evidence that pathogenic microorganisms, including two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens, also acquired the ability to synthesize NO via non-unequivocally defined oxidative and/or reductive routes. Although the both kingdoms Chromista and Fungi are remarkably diverse, the experimental data clearly indicate that pathogen-derived NO is an important regulatory molecule controlling not only developmental processes, but also pathogen virulence and its survival in the host. An active control of mitigation or aggravation of nitrosative stress within host cells seems to be a key determinant for the successful invasion of plant pathogens representing different lifestyles and an effective mode of dispersion in various environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, The Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek,
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34
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Marcos AT, Ramos MS, Marcos JF, Carmona L, Strauss J, Cánovas D. Nitric oxide synthesis by nitrate reductase is regulated during development in Aspergillus. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:15-33. [PMID: 26353949 PMCID: PMC4982101 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling molecule involved in many biological processes in bacteria, plants and mammals. However, little is known about the role and biosynthesis of NO in fungi. Here we show that NO production is increased at the early stages of the transition from vegetative growth to development in Aspergillus nidulans. Full NO production requires a functional nitrate reductase (NR) gene (niaD) that is upregulated upon induction of conidiation, even under N‐repressing conditions in the presence of ammonium. At this stage, NO homeostasis is achieved by balancing biosynthesis (NR) and catabolism (flavohaemoglobins). niaD and flavohaemoglobin fhbA are transiently upregulated upon induction of conidiation, and both regulators AreA and NirA are necessary for this transcriptional response. The second flavohaemoglobin gene fhbB shows a different expression profile being moderately expressed during the early stages of the transition phase from vegetative growth to conidiation, but it is strongly induced 24 h later. NO levels influence the balance between conidiation and sexual reproduction because artificial strong elevation of NO levels reduced conidiation and induced the formation of cleistothecia. The nitrate‐independent and nitrogen metabolite repression‐insensitive transcriptional upregulation of niaD during conidiation suggests a novel role for NR in linking metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Marcos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María S Ramos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose F Marcos
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Carmona
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - David Cánovas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang Y, Shi H, Liang S, Ning G, Xu N, Lu J, Liu X, Lin F. MoARG1, MoARG5,6 and MoARG7 involved in arginine biosynthesis are essential for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microbiol Res 2015; 180:11-22. [PMID: 26505307 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in eukaryote cells, which plays important roles in a multitude of processes such as protein synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) and urea biosynthesis. The de novo arginine biosynthesis pathway is conserved among fungal kingdom, but poorly understood in plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we characterized the functions of three synthetic enzyme-encoding genes MoARG1, MoARG5,6, and MoARG7, which involved the seventh step, second-third step and fifth step of arginine biosynthesis in Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Deletion of MoARG1 or MoARG5,6, resulted in arginine auxotrophic mutants, which had a strict requirement for arginine on minimal medium (MM). Both ΔMoarg1 and ΔMoarg5,6 severely reduced in aerial hyphal growth, pigmentation, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction and pathogenicity. Interestingly, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of MoARG7 caused a leaky arginine auxotrophy, and attenuated pathogenicity. Limited appressorium-mediated penetration and restricted invasive hyphae growth in host cells are responsible for the severely attenuated pathogenicity of the Arg(-) mutants. Additionally, we monitored the NO generation during conidial germination and appressorial formation in both Arg(-) mutants and wild type, and demonstrated that NO generation may not occur via arginine-dependent pathway in M. oryzae. In summary, MoARG1, MoARG5,6, and MoARG7 are required for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Quzhou Municipal Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Quzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoao Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nanchang Xu
- Quzhou Municipal Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Quzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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36
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Qiao M, Sun J, Liu N, Sun T, Liu G, Han S, Hou C, Wang D. Changes of Nitric Oxide and Its Relationship with H2O2 and Ca2+ in Defense Interactions between Wheat and Puccinia Triticina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132265. [PMID: 26185989 PMCID: PMC4506137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the wheat cultivar 'Lovrin 10' and Puccinia triticina races 165 and 260 were used to constitute compatible and incompatible combinations to investigate the relationship between NO and H2O2 and between NO and calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in the cell defense process by pharmacological means. The specific fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA was coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy and used to label intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and monitoring the real-time NO dynamics during the processes of wheat defense response triggered by P. triticina infection. The results showed that at 4 h after inoculation, weak green fluorescence was observed in the stomatal guard cells at the P. triticina infection site in the incompatible combination, which indicates a small amount of NO production. Twelve hours after inoculation, the fluorescence of NO in- cell adjacent to the stomata gradually intensified, and the NO fluorescent area also expanded continuously; the green fluorescence primarily occurred in the cells undergoing a hypersensitive response (HR) at 24-72 h after inoculation. For the compatible combination, however, a small amount of green fluorescence was observed in stomata where the pathogenic contact occurred at 4 h after inoculation, and fluorescence was not observed thereafter. Injections of the NO scavenger c-PTIO prior to inoculation postponed the onset of NO production to 48 h after inoculation and suppressed HR advancement. The injection of imidazole, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, or EGTA, an extracellular calcium chelator, in the leaves prior to inoculation, delayed the onset of NO production in the incompatible combination and suppressed HR advancement. Combined with our previous results, it could be concluded that, Ca(2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are involved in upstream of NO production to induce the HR cell death during P. triticina infection, and Ca(2+), NO and H2O2 are jointly involved in the signal transduction process of HR in the interaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qiao
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tianjie Sun
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shengfang Han
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
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37
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Nitrite reduction by molybdoenzymes: a new class of nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:403-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Zhao Y, Xi Q, Xu Q, He M, Ding J, Dai Y, Keller NP, Zheng W. Correlation of nitric oxide produced by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-like protein with enhanced expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Inonotus obliquus cocultured with Phellinus morii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4361-72. [PMID: 25582560 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal interspecific interactions enhance biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites (PM), and production of nitric oxide (NO) is known to be involved in this process. However, it remains unknown which signaling pathway(s) or regulator(s) mediate fungal PM biosynthesis. In this study, we cocultured two white-rot fungi, Inonotus obliquus and Phellinus morii, to examine NO production, expression of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and accumulation of phenylpropanoid-derived polyphenols by I. obliquus. Coculture of the two fungi caused an enhanced NO biosynthesis followed by increased transcription of the genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), as well as an upregulated biosynthesis of styrylpyrone polyphenols in I. obliquus. Addition of the NO synthase (NOS) selective inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) inhibited NO production by more than 90% followed by cease in transcription of PAL and 4Cl. Treatment of guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one did not affect NO production but suppressed transcription of PAL and 4CL and reduced accumulation of total phenolic constituents. Genome-wide analysis of I. obliquus revealed two genes encoding a constitutive and an inducible NOS-like protein, respectively (cNOSL and iNOSL). Coculture of the two fungi did not increase the expression of the cNOSL gene but triggered expression of the iNOSL gene. Cloned iNOSL from Escherichia coli shows higher activity in transferring L-arginine to NO, and this activity is lost upon AG addition. Thus, iNOSL is more responsible for NO production in I. obliquus and may act as an important regulator governing PM production during fungal interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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39
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Corpas FJ, Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Chaki M, Barroso JB. Nitration and S-Nitrosylation: Two Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) Mediated by Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Their Role in Signalling Processes of Plant Cells. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10079-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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40
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Panngom K, Lee SH, Park DH, Sim GB, Kim YH, Uhm HS, Park G, Choi EH. Non-thermal plasma treatment diminishes fungal viability and up-regulates resistance genes in a plant host. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99300. [PMID: 24911947 PMCID: PMC4049833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can have either harmful or beneficial effects on biological systems depending on the dose administered and the species of organism exposed, suggesting that application of reactive species can possibly produce contradictory effects in disease control, pathogen inactivation and activation of host resistance. A novel technology known as atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma represents a means of generating various reactive species that adversely affect pathogens (inactivation) while simultaneously up-regulating host defense genes. The anti-microbial efficacy of this technology was tested on the plant fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and its susceptible host plant species Solanum lycopercicum. Germination of fungal spores suspended in saline was decreased over time after exposed to argon (Ar) plasma for 10 min. Although the majority of treated spores exhibited necrotic death, apoptosis was also observed along with the up-regulation of apoptosis related genes. Increases in the levels of peroxynitrite and nitrite in saline following plasma treatment may have been responsible for the observed spore death. In addition, increased transcription of pathogenesis related (PR) genes was observed in the roots of the susceptible tomato cultivar (S. lycopercicum) after exposure to the same Ar plasma dose used in fungal inactivation. These data suggest that atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma can be efficiently used to control plant fungal diseases by inactivating fungal pathogens and up-regulating mechanisms of host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonporn Panngom
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hark Lee
- Plasma Display Panel Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Park
- Department of Electronic and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Bo Sim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hee Kim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sup Uhm
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. Nitric oxide: an effective weapon of the plant or the pathogen? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:406-16. [PMID: 24822271 PMCID: PMC6638900 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An explosion of research in plant nitric oxide (NO) biology during the last two decades has revealed that NO is a key signal involved in plant development, abiotic stress responses and plant immunity. During the course of evolutionary changes, microorganisms parasitizing plants have developed highly effective offensive strategies, in which NO also seems to be implicated. NO production has been demonstrated in several plant pathogens, including fungi, but the origin of NO seems to be as puzzling as in plants. So far, published studies have been spread over multiple species of pathogenic microorganisms in various developmental stages; however, the data clearly indicate that pathogen-derived NO is an important regulatory molecule involved not only in developmental processes, but also in pathogen virulence and its survival in the host. This review also focuses on the search for potential mechanisms by which pathogens convert NO messages into a physiological response or detoxify both endo- and exogenous NO. Finally, taking into account the data available from model bacteria and yeast, a basic draft for the mode of NO action in phytopathogenic microorganisms is proposed.
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42
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43
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Misra AN, Vladkova R, Singh R, Misra M, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Action and target sites of nitric oxide in chloroplasts. Nitric Oxide 2014; 39:35-45. [PMID: 24731839 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule in plants under physiological and stress conditions. Here we review the influence of NO on chloroplasts which can be directly induced by interaction with the photosynthetic apparatus by influencing photophosphorylation, electron transport activity and oxido-reduction state of the Mn clusters of the oxygen-evolving complex or by changes in gene expression. The influence of NO-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus on its functions and sensitivity to stress factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra N Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India.
| | - Radka Vladkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India
| | - Meena Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 435020, India
| | - Anelia G Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Zhang JJ, Li XQ, Sun JW, Jin SH. Nitric oxide functions as a signal in ultraviolet-B-induced baicalin accumulation in Scutellaria baicalensis suspension cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4733-46. [PMID: 24646913 PMCID: PMC3975422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation stimulates the accumulation of various secondary metabolites in plants. Nitric oxide (NO) serves as an important secondary messenger in UV-B stress-induced signal transduction pathways. NO can be synthesized in plants by either enzymatic catalysis or an inorganic nitrogen pathway. The effects of UV-B irradiation on the production of baicalin and the associated molecular pathways in plant cells are poorly understood. In this study, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, NO release and the generation of baicalin were investigated in cell suspension cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis exposed to UV-B irradiation. UV-B irradiation significantly increased NOS activity, NO release and baicalin biosynthesis in S. baicalensis cells. Additionally, exogenous NO supplied by the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), led to a similar increase in the baicalin content as the UV-B treatment. The NOS inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine (LNNA), and NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) partially inhibited UV-B-induced NO release and baicalin accumulation. These results suggest that NO is generated by NOS or NOS-like enzymes and plays an important role in baicalin biosynthesis as part of the defense response of S. baicalensis cells to UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jie Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Li
- Tianmu College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jun-Wei Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, No. 258 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Song-Heng Jin
- Tianmu College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China.
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Scazzocchio C. In praise of erroneous hypotheses. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 58-59:126-31. [PMID: 23973960 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the sixties Cove and Pateman discovered that mutants of Aspergillus nidulans lacking nitrate reductase activity were constitutive for the expression of genes induced by nitrate and dependent on the transcription factor NirA. They proposed that the nitrate protein acted as a repressor, preventing the transcription factor activity of NirA. Nitrate-mediated regulation behaved similarly in other organisms. This "autogenous regulation hypothesis" has recently shown to be erroneous, in the very organism for which it was first proposed. Nevertheless this erroneous hypothesis have led to a thorough dissection of the process of regulation of nitrate assimilation and more importantly to a hypothesis bearing on the origin of metabolite-responsive transcription factors. In this article I discuss the heuristic value and evolutionary importance of autogenous regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Scazzocchio
- Department of Microbiology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, CNRS UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Wang H, Chen H, Hao G, Yang B, Feng Y, Wang Y, Feng L, Zhao J, Song Y, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Wang L, Chen W. Role of the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system in aromatic substance degradation and lipid metabolism in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3225-33. [PMID: 23503309 PMCID: PMC3685260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00238-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortierella alpina is a filamentous fungus commonly found in soil that is able to produce lipids in the form of triacylglycerols that account for up to 50% of its dry weight. Analysis of the M. alpina genome suggests that there is a phenylalanine-hydroxylating system for the catabolism of phenylalanine, which has never been found in fungi before. We characterized the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system in M. alpina to explore its role in phenylalanine metabolism and its relationship to lipid biosynthesis. Significant changes were found in the profile of fatty acids in M. alpina grown on medium containing an inhibitor of the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system compared to M. alpina grown on medium without inhibitor. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system (phenylalanine hydroxylase [PAH], pterin-4α-carbinolamine dehydratase, and dihydropteridine reductase) were expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the resulting proteins were purified to homogeneity. Their enzymatic activity was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or visible (Vis)-UV spectroscopy. Two functional PAH enzymes were observed, encoded by distinct gene copies. A novel role for tetrahydrobiopterin in fungi as a cofactor for PAH, which is similar to its function in higher life forms, is suggested. This study establishes a novel scheme for the fungal degradation of an aromatic substance (phenylalanine) and suggests that the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system is functionally significant in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Nitric oxide alleviates heat stress-induced oxidative damage in Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Neurospora crassa Light Signal Transduction Is Affected by ROS. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2012:791963. [PMID: 22046507 PMCID: PMC3199206 DOI: 10.1155/2012/791963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the ascomycete fungus Neurospora crassa blue-violet light controls the expression of genes responsible for differentiation of reproductive structures, synthesis of secondary metabolites, and the circadian oscillator activity. A major photoreceptor in Neurospora cells is WCC, a heterodimeric complex formed by the PAS-domain-containing polypeptides WC-1 and WC-2, the products of genes white collar-1 and white collar-2. The photosignal transduction is started by photochemical activity of an excited FAD molecule noncovalently bound by the LOV domain (a specialized variant of the PAS domain). The presence of zinc fingers (the GATA-recognizing sequences) in both WC-1 and WC-2 proteins suggests that they might function as transcription factors. However, a critical analysis of the phototransduction mechanism considers the existence of residual light responses upon absence of WCC or its homologs in fungi. The data presented
point at endogenous ROS generated by a photon stimulus as an alternative input to pass on light signals to downstream targets.
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Turrion-Gomez JL, Benito EP. Flux of nitric oxide between the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the host plant. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2011; 12:606-16. [PMID: 21722298 PMCID: PMC6640425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production by Botrytis cinerea and the effect of externally supplied NO were studied during saprophytic growth and plant infection. Fluorescence analysis with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate and electrochemical studies were conducted in vitro between 4 and 20 h of incubation and in planta between 15 and 75 h post-inoculation. The production of NO by B. cinerea in vitro was detected inside the germinating spores and mycelium and in the surrounding medium. In planta production of NO showed a large variation that was dependent on the host plant and developmental stage of the infection. The induced production of NO was detected from 16 h of in vitro incubation in response to externally added NO. The production of NO by B. cinerea is probably modulated to promote fungal colonization of the plant tissue. The production of NO which diffuses outside the fungal cells and the induction of NO production by exogenous NO open up the possibility of NO cross-talk between the fungus and the plant. Finally, the existence of an NO concentration threshold is proposed, which may increase or reduce the plant defence against necrotrophic fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Turrion-Gomez
- Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus de Villamayor, Parque Científico, Salamanca, Spain.
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