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Waki H, Suzuki T, Uebaba K, Hisajima T. Effects of a Standardized Oligomerized-Polyphenol from Litchi chinensis Fruit Extract and Mixed Plant Extract Supplementation on Peripheral Circulation and Cold Sensitivity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:255-260. [PMID: 32612088 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain individuals tend to suffer from a cold sensation-particularly in the lower extremities-despite most people not suffering from the same sensation. In Japan, this phenomenon is called "hie-sho" and reduces quality of life for several people, particularly women. A previous study has shown that a standardized oligomerized-polyphenol from Litchi chinensis fruit extract (OPLFE) reportedly causes a significant increase in body surface temperature. The present study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with OPLFE affected peripheral circulation and cold sensitivity. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 25 participants (age, 45.0±10.4 y; 3 males and 22 females) who were assigned to consume OPLFE, mixed plant extract with OPLFE, or placebo capsules for 14 d. Participants were instructed to relax for 60 min in a temperature-controlled room prior to obtaining measurements. Changes in skin temperature and peripheral blood flow of the middle finger were assessed immediately before and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after immersion in cold water (10ºC). Participants' height, weight, skin temperature, and blood flow in peripheral tissue were measured; furthermore, their "hie-sho" was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Skin temperature and blood flow in peripheral tissue increased in the OPLFE and mixed plant extract with OPLFE groups on day 14 compared with those on day 1. In addition, cold sensitivity in these two groups significantly improved between day 1 and day 14. These findings suggest that OPLFE improves "hie-sho" by increasing peripheral blood flow and skin temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Waki
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Kazuo Uebaba
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Tatsuya Hisajima
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
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2
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Lee AY, Choi JW, Yokozawa T, Cho EJ. Preventive effect of oligonol on nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells against sodium nitroprusside. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3987-3993. [PMID: 35518095 PMCID: PMC9060530 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol attenuated SNP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responsesviaregulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Kimchi Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Technology Support Center
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-8555
- Japan
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Kimchi Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
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3
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Park CH, Park KH, Hong SG, Lee JS, Baek JH, Lee GI, Heo JW, Yokozawa T. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee peel, attenuates diabetes-induced pancreatic damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses via oxidative stress-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2541-2550. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research; National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration; Eumseong Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hun Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research; National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration; Eumseong Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gil Hong
- Department of Agricultural Engineering; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Lee
- Department of Agricultural Engineering; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Baek
- Department of Agricultural Engineering; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Gong In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Engineering; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Heo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
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4
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Bahijri SM, Ajabnoor G, Hegazy GA, Alsheikh L, Moumena MZ, Bashanfar BM, Alzahrani AH. Supplementation with Oligonol, Prevents Weight Gain and Improves Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Saudi Females. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2018; 14:164-170. [PMID: 29853817 PMCID: PMC5907059 DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170609101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global health problem, increasing susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Varieties of products have been proposed for treatment with varying degrees of success. Recent studies, suggested Oligonol; an optimized phenolic product mixture from Lychee Fruit Polyphenols (LFP); as such treatment in Japanese population. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of oligonol on weight, insulin resistance by (HOMA-IR), lipids profile, leptin, Adiponectin, and resistin in healthy overweight and obese Saudi females. Subjects and Methods: 60 Saudi healthy overweight and obese females were enrolled in a double blind case/control study to take either Oligonol or placebo for 12 weeks without dietary or lifestyle re-strictions. Weight, height, Waist Circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood samples of participants were taken before, and at the end of study. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were meas-ured. LDL- cholesterol, HOMA-IR were calculated by equation. Results: 47 subjects completed the study, 25 in placebo group, and 22 in Oligonol group. No ill effects were noted in any participant. Oligonol reduced means of serum triglycerides (P=0.008), and resistin (P=0.045) significantly. In addition, no weight gain was noted in oligonol group, unlike placebo group which exhibited significant increase in mean weight (P= 0.036), WC (P=0.027), HC (P= 0.047), and leptin (P <0.001). Conclusion: Oligonol could be suggested as future hypolipidemic and weight controlling agent for overweight and obese Saudi females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad M Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Z Moumena
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Bushra M Bashanfar
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Amal H Alzahrani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
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5
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Yum HW, Kim SH, Kang JX, Surh YJ. Amelioration of UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in fat-1 transgenic mouse skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:1-8. [PMID: 29775616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in fish oils, are known to scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and potentiate host immune defence. As UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in apoptotic cell death, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic capacity of fat-1 transgenic mice capable of converting ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and fat-1 mice were maintained on the AIN-93 diet supplemented with 10% safflower oil rich in ω-6 PUFAs for 5 weeks. The ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio was significantly higher in the dorsal skin of fat-1 mice than that in the WT mice. Upon single exposure to UVB (5.0 kJ/m2) radiation, fat-1 mice showed inflammatory as well as oxidative tissue damage and the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenases-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the skin to a much lesser extent than the WT mice. The protection of fat-1 mice from UVB-induced skin inflammation was associated with decreased phosphorylation of STAT3. Moreover, UVB-induced apoptosis was attenuated in fat-1 mouse skin. In comparison to WT animals, higher levels of Nrf2 and its target proteins, such as heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 and thioredoxin-1, were found in the skin of fat-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Bhakta HK, Paudel P, Fujii H, Sato A, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Jung HA, Choi JS. Oligonol promotes glucose uptake by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1314-1327. [PMID: 29027136 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by defects in insulin signaling and glucose intolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated oligonol inhibits PTP1B and α-glucosidase related to T2DM. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of oligonol in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Glucose uptake was assessed using a fluorescent glucose tracer, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose, and the signaling pathway was investigated by western blotting. Oligonol significantly increased insulin-provoked glucose uptake and decreased PTP1B expression, followed by modulation of ERK phosphorylation. In addition, oligonol activated insulin receptor substrate 1 by reducing phosphorylation at serine 307 and increasing that at tyrosine 895, and enhanced the phosphorylations of Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, it also reduced the expression of two key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), attenuated oxidative stress by scavenging/inhibiting peroxynitrite, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and augmented the expression of nuclear factor kappa B. These findings suggest oligonol improved the insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by attenuating the insulin signaling blockade and modulating glucose uptake and production. Furthermore, oligonol attenuated ROS-related inflammation and prevented oxidative damage in our in vitro model of type 2 diabetes. These result indicate oligonol has promising potential as a treatment for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Bhakta
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Atsuya Sato
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Costa G, Ferreira JP, Vitorino C, Pina ME, Sousa JJ, Figueiredo IV, Batista MT. Polyphenols from Cymbopogon citratus leaves as topical anti-inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:222-228. [PMID: 26702504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of plant polyphenols have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, frequently associated with erythema, edema, hyperplasia, skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Cymbopogon citratus (DC). Stapf (Poaceae) is a worldwide known medicinal plant, used in traditional medicine in inflammation-related conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, the anti-inflammatory potential of C. citratus infusion (CcI) and its polyphenols as topical agents was evaluated in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant extract was prepared and its fractioning led two polyphenol-rich fractions: flavonoids fraction (CcF) and tannins fraction (CcT). An oil/water emulsion was developed with each active (CcI, CcF+CcT and diclofenac), pH and texture having been evaluated. Release tests were further performed using static Franz diffusion cells and all collected samples were monitored by HPLC-PDA. In vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity evaluation was performed by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. RESULTS The texture analysis revealed statistically significant differences for all tested parameters to CcF+CcT, supporting its topical application. Release experiments lead to the detection of the phenolic compounds from each sample in the receptor medium and the six major flavonoids were quantified, by HPLC-PDA: carlinoside, isoorientin, cynaroside, luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, kurilesin A and cassiaoccidentalin B. The CcF+CcT formulation prompted to the higher release rate for all these flavonoids. CcI4%, CcI1% and CcF+CcT exhibited an edema reduction of 43.18, 29.55 and 59.09%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that CcI, containing luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, cassiaoccidentalin B, carlinoside, cynaroside and tannins have a potential anti-inflammatory topical activity, suggesting their promising application in the treatment of skin inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Costa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Pinto Ferreira
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Pina
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João José Sousa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Vitória Figueiredo
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Choi JS, Bhakta HK, Fujii H, Min BS, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Jung HA. Inhibitory evaluation of oligonol on α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, cholinesterase, and β-secretase 1 related to diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:409-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park CH, Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Roh SS, Choi JS, Chung HY, Song YO, Shin YS, Yokozawa T. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, protects the pancreas from apoptosis and proliferation via oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:3056-3063. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have identified the pancreato-protective effects of Lychee Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Mixture, Oligonol, on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Eumseong 369-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 608-737
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)
- College of Pharmacy
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Eumseong 369-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-8555
- Japan
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Oligonol Ameliorates CCl₄-Induced Liver Injury in Rats via the NF-Kappa B and MAPK Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3935841. [PMID: 26798422 PMCID: PMC4699077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3935841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to be a key risk factor in the development of hepatic diseases. Blocking or retarding the reactions of oxidation and the inflammatory process by antioxidants could be a promising therapeutic intervention for prevention or treatment of liver injuries. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers derived from lychee fruit. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of oligonol on carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 or 50 mg/kg) reduced CCl4-induced abnormalities in liver histology and serum AST and serum ALT levels. Oligonol treatment attenuated the CCl4-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that oligonol suppressed proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as Akt. Oligonol exhibited strong antioxidative activity in vitro and in vivo, and hepatoprotective activity against t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced HepG2 cells. Taken together, oligonol showed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in CCl4-intoxicated rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF-κB activation via blockade of the activation of upstream kinases including MAPKs and Akt.
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Park CH, Noh JS, Fujii H, Roh SS, Song YO, Choi JS, Chung HY, Yokozawa T. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates gluco-lipotoxicity-mediated renal disorder in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:13-22. [PMID: 25788048 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oligonol is a phenolic product derived from lychee fruit extract containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins, produced by a manufacturing process which converts polyphenol polymers into oligomers. These proanthocyanidins have been reported to exhibit beneficial bioactivities in many studies, and so oligonol, a rich source of polyphenol, is expected to show favorable effects on various chronic diseases. This article summarizes recent work whether oligonol has an ameliorative effect on diabetic indices and renal disorders associated with gluco-lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in db/db mice with diabetes. Oligonol was able to improve diabetic indices, prevent the development of diabetic renal disease, and preserve renal cells and the renal morphological structure via the attenuation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced oxidative stress, inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) generation, and prevention of apoptosis-induced cell death in db/db mice, being independent of changes in the body weight or serum glucose levels. The present study provides important evidence that oligonol exhibits a pleiotropic effect, representing renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
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12
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Ahn JH, Choi JW, Choi JM, Maeda T, Fujii H, Yokozawa T, Cho EJ. Protective role of oligonol from oxidative stress-induced inflammation in C6 glial cell. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 9:123-8. [PMID: 25861417 PMCID: PMC4388942 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Natural products or active components with a protective effect against oxidative stress have attracted significant attention for prevention and treatment of degenerative disease. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers derived from Litchi chinensis Sonn. We investigated the protective effect and its related mechanism of oligonol against oxidative stress. MATERIALS/METHODS Oxidative stress in C6 glial cells was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the protective effects of oligonol on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis, and mRNA expression related to oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS Treatment with oligonol inhibited NO and ROS formation under cellular oxidative stress in C6 glial cells. In addition, it recovered cell viability in a dose dependent-manner. Treatment with oligonol also resulted in down-regulated mRNA expression related to oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), compared with the control group treated with H2O2. In particular, expression of NF-κB p65, COX-2, and iNOS was effectively reduced to the normal level by treatment with 10 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL of oligonol. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that oligonol has protective activity against oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Oligonol might be a promising agent for treatment of degenerative diseases through inhibition of ROS formation and NF-κB pathway gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | | | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Choi KS, Kundu JK, Chun KS, Na HK, Surh YJ. Rutin inhibits UVB radiation-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS in hairless mouse skin: p38 MAP kinase and JNK as potential targets. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 559:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Park CH, Yokozawa T, Noh JS. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced renal damage through the advanced glycation end product-related pathway in db/db mice. J Nutr 2014; 144:1150-7. [PMID: 24919686 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.193961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine whether oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced alterations, such as advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation or apoptosis in the kidneys of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes. Oligonol [10 or 20 mg/(kg body weight · d), orally] was administered every day for 8 wk to prediabetic db/db mice, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated db/db and normal control mice (m/m). The administration of oligonol decreased the elevated renal glucose concentrations and reactive oxygen species in db/db mice (P < 0.05). The increased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, which reflect renal dysfunction in db/db mice, were substantially lowered by oligonol. Oligonol reduced renal protein expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22 phagocytic oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase-4), AGEs (except for pentosidine), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase B-targeting proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). Oligonol improved the expressions of antiapoptotic [B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and survivin] and proapoptotic [Bcl-2-associated X protein, cytochrome c, and caspase-3] proteins in the kidneys of db/db mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results provide important evidence that oligonol exhibits a pleiotropic effect on AGE formation and apoptosis-related variables, representing renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Nam-gu, Korea
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15
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Lee JB, Shin YO. Oligonol supplementation affects leukocyte and immune cell counts after heat loading in humans. Nutrients 2014; 6:2466-77. [PMID: 24962480 PMCID: PMC4073162 DOI: 10.3390/nu6062466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight form of polyphenol and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, making it a potential promoter of immunity. This study investigates the effects of oligonol supplementation on leukocyte and immune cell counts after heat loading in 19 healthy male volunteers. The participants took a daily dose of 200 mg oligonol or a placebo for 1 week. After a 2-week washout period, the subjects were switched to the other study arm. After each supplement, half-body immersion into hot water was made, and blood was collected. Then, complete and differential blood counts were performed. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate and phenotype lymphocyte subsets. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in blood samples were analyzed. Lymphocyte subpopulation variables included counts of total T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Oligonol intake attenuated elevations in IL-1β (an 11.1-fold change vs. a 13.9-fold change immediately after heating; a 12.0-fold change vs. a 12.6-fold change 1h after heating) and IL-6 (an 8.6-fold change vs. a 9.9-fold change immediately after heating; a 9.1-fold change vs. a 10.5-fold change 1h after heating) immediately and 1 h after heating in comparison to those in the placebo group. Oligonol supplementation led to significantly higher numbers of leukocytes (a 30.0% change vs. a 21.5% change immediately after heating; a 13.5% change vs. a 3.5% change 1h after heating) and lymphocytes (a 47.3% change vs. a 39.3% change immediately after heating; a 19.08% change vs. a 2.1% change 1h after heating) relative to those in the placebo group. Oligonol intake led to larger increases in T cells, B cells, and NK cells at rest (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively) and immediately after heating (p < 0.001) in comparison to those in the placebo group. In addition, levels of T cells (p < 0.001) and B cells (p < 0.001) were significantly higher 1 h after heating in comparison to those in the placebo group. These results demonstrate that supplementation with oligonol for 1 week may enhance the immune function under heat and suggest a potential useful adjunct to chemotherapy in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan, 331-946, Korea.
| | - Young Oh Shin
- Department of Health Care, Global Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 646, Eupnae-ri, Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-745, Korea.
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16
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Kitadate K, Homma K, Roberts A, Maeda T. Thirteen-week oral dose toxicity study of Oligonol containing oligomerized polyphenols extracted from lychee and green tea. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 68:140-6. [PMID: 24326174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligonol is a functional food containing catechin-type monomers and proanthocyanidin oligomer converted from polymer forms via a novel manufacturing process. The catechin component of green tea extract has been associated with nasal toxicity in rats following subchronic exposure. To assess the potential for Oligonol to induce nasal toxicity a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study was conducted in rats using doses of 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg/d. Clinical signs and mortality were not affected by Oligonol treatment. Compound-colored stools and an increase in food consumption were observed in some treated groups; however, there were no treatment-related differences in terminal body weights or with respect to the results of the gross postmortem examinations. Histopathological evaluation of the nasal cavity tissues revealed no treatment-related lesions. The results from this toxicity study indicate that Oligonol does not induce nasal toxicity and further supports the results of previous studies demonstrating the safety of Oligonol for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kitadate
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Ashley Roberts
- Intertek Cantox, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 308, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan.
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17
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Shin YO, Lee JB, Song YJ, Min YK, Yang HM. Oligonol supplementation attenuates body temperature and the circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 after heat stress in humans. J Med Food 2013; 16:318-23. [PMID: 23566058 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol, a phenolic production from lychee, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effect of Oligonol supplementation on circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, as well as body temperature, after heat stress in 17 healthy human male volunteers (age, 21.6±2.1 years). All experiments were performed in an automated climate chamber (26.0°C±0.5°C, relative humidity 60%±3.0%, air velocity less than 1 m/sec) between 2 and 5 p.m. Subjects ingested an Oligonol (100 mg)-containing beverage or placebo beverage before half-body immersion into hot water (42°C±0.5°C for 30 min). Tympanic and skin temperatures were measured and mean body temperatures were calculated. Serum concentrations of PGE2 and COX-2 were analyzed before, immediately after, and 60 min after immersion. Oligonol intake significantly prevented elevation of tympanic (temperature difference: 0.17°C at Post, P<.05; 0.17°C at Re-60, P<.05) and mean body temperatures (temperature difference: 0.18°C at Post, P<.05; 0.15°C at Re-60, P<.05), and lowered concentrations of serum PGE2 (increased by 13.3% vs. 29.6% at Post, P<.05) and COX-2 (increased by 15.6% vs. 21.8% at Post, P<.05), compared to placebo beverage. Our result suggests that Oligonol has the potential to suppress increases in body temperature under heat stress, and this is associated with decreases in serum levels of PGE2 and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Oh Shin
- Department of Healthcare, Global Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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18
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Yum HW, Zhong X, Park J, Na HK, Kim N, Lee HS, Surh YJ. Oligonol inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:102-14. [PMID: 23394584 PMCID: PMC3689162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of oligonol administration on experimentally induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation. RESULTS Oral administration of oligonol protected against mouse colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Under the same experimental conditions, oligonol administration significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclin D1 in the mouse colon. Further, oligonol inhibited azoxymethane-initiated and DSS-promoted adenoma formation in the mouse colon. Oligonol administration also attenuated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and protein oxidation (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), thereby preventing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that oligonol treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, il-6, cox-2, and inos in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In another study, oligonol upregulated the antioxidant gene expression in the intestinal epithelial CCD841CoN cells and in the mouse colon. INNOVATION Oligonol, an innovative formulation of catechin-type oligomers derived from the lychee fruit extract, was tested in this study for the first time to evaluate its effects on experimentally induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation in mice. CONCLUSION Oligonol is effective in protecting against DSS-induced mouse colitis and colon carcinogenesis, suggesting that this polyphenol formulation may have a potential for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Sargassum fulvellum Protects HaCaT Cells and BALB/c Mice from UVB-Induced Proinflammatory Responses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:747846. [PMID: 23935680 PMCID: PMC3722794 DOI: 10.1155/2013/747846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been reported to induce cutaneous inflammation such as erythema and edema via induction of proinflammatory enzymes and mediators. Sargassum fulvellum is a brown alga of Sargassaceae family which has been demonstrated to exhibit antipyretic, analgesic, antiedema, antioxidant, antitumor, fibrinolytic, and hepatoprotective activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of ethylacetate fraction of ethanol extract of Sargassum fulvellum (SFE-EtOAc) in HaCaT keratinocytes and BALB/c mice. In HaCaT cells, SFE-EtOAc effectively inhibited UVB-induced cytotoxicity (60 mJ/cm2) and the expression of proinflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, SFE-EtOAc significantly reduced UVB-induced production of proinflammatory mediators including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). In BALB/c mice, topical application of SFE-EtOAc prior to UVB irradiation (200 mJ/cm2) effectively suppressed the UVB-induced protein expression of COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α and subsequently attenuated generation of PGE2 and NO as well. In another experiment, SFE-EtOAc pretreatment suppressed UVB-induced reactive oxygen species production and exhibited an antioxidant potential by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that SFE-EtOAc could be an effective anti-inflammatory agent protecting against UVB irradiation-induced skin damages.
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20
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Zuo Z, Ouyang W, Li J, Costa M, Huang C. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates arsenite inhibition of UVB-induced cellular apoptosis in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:607-16. [PMID: 22463588 DOI: 10.2174/156800912801784802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is an environmental human carcinogen, and has been shown to act as a co-carcinogen with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in mouse skin tumor induction even at low concentrations. However, the precise mechanism of its co-carcinogenic action is largely unknown. Apoptosis plays an essential role as a protective mechanism against neoplastic development in the organism by eliminating genetically damaged cells. Thus, suppression of apoptosis is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. It is known that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can promote carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell apoptosis under stress conditions; and our current studies investigated the potential contribution of COX-2 to the inhibitory effect of arsenite in UV-induced cell apoptosis in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells. We found that treatment of cells with low concentration (5 μM) arsenite attenuated cellular apoptosis upon UVB radiation accompanied with a coinductive effect on COX-2 expression and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) transactivation. Our results also showed that the COX-2 induction by arsenite and UVB depended on an NFκB pathway because COX-2 co-induction could be attenuated in either p65-deficient or p50-deficient cells. Moreover, UVB-induced cell apoptosis could be dramatically reduced by the introduction of exogenous COX-2 expression, whereas the inhibitory effect of arsenite on UVB-induced cell apoptosis could be impaired in COX-2 knockdown C141 cells. Our results indicated that COX-2 mediated the anti-apoptotic effect of arsenite in UVB radiation through an NFκB-dependent pathway. Given the importance of apoptosis evasion during carcinogenesis, we anticipated that COX-2 induction might be at least partially responsible for the co-carcinogenic effect of arsenite on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zuo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, 10987, USA
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21
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22
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Hazra B, Ghosh S, Kumar A, Pandey BN. The prospective role of plant products in radiotherapy of cancer: a current overview. Front Pharmacol 2012; 2:94. [PMID: 22291649 PMCID: PMC3253585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer often requires exposure to radiation, which has several limitations involving non-specific toxicity toward normal cells, reducing the efficacy of treatment. Efforts are going on to find chemical compounds which would effectively offer protection to the normal tissues after radiation exposure during radiotherapy of cancer. In this regard, plant-derived compounds might serve as “leads” to design ideal radioprotectors/radiosensitizers. This article reviews some of the recent findings on prospective medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and their analogs, based on both in vitro and in vivo tumor models especially focused with relevance to cancer radiotherapy. Also, pertinent discussion has been presented on the molecular mechanism of apoptotic death in relation to the oxidative stress in cancer cells induced by some of these plant samples and their active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University Kolkata, India.
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23
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Effect of oligonol intake on cortisol and cytokines, and body temperature after leg immersion into hot water. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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24
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Treatment with oligonol, a low-molecular polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced hepatic damage through regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1013-22. [PMID: 21477406 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have identified the effects of oligonol, a low-molecular polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in a type 2 diabetic model. Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg per kg body weight per d for 8 weeks to db/db mice, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle in db/db and m/m mice. Serum and hepatic biochemical factors, and protein and mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism were measured. In the oligonol-administered group, there were significant reductions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and the TAG and total cholesterol concentrations in both the serum and liver. Additionally, oligonol attenuated oxidative stress through the inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation and its receptor expression. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels of m/m mice in the group treated with oligonol at 20 mg/kg. Regarding lipid metabolism, lower hepatic lipid resulted from the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and its target gene of lipogenic enzymes in the liver of db/db mice. The present results suggest that oligonol has protective effects against ROS-related inflammation and excess lipid deposition in the type 2 diabetic liver.
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25
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Nishizawa M, Hara T, Miura T, Fujita S, Yoshigai E, Ue H, Hayashi Y, Kwon AH, Okumura T, Isaka T. Supplementation with a flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract influences the inflammatory status of young athletes. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1486-93. [PMID: 21780209 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract (FRLFE) is a processed lychee fruit extract that is higher in flavanols (monomers, dimers and trimers) than its unprocessed counterpart. FRLFE exerts antioxidant activities in vitro and is expected to protect against inflammation and tissue damage. However, the physiological effects of FRLFE intake have not been explored in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of FRLFE supplementation on inflammation and tissue damage in young athletes during intense physical training. Twenty healthy male long-distance runners at a university were randomly assigned to receive FRLFE or placebo in a double-blind manner. Blood and serum parameters associated with inflammation, tissue damage and oxidative stress were evaluated before (pre-training), during (mid-training) and after (post-training) a 2-month training period. Some parameters, including the white blood cell count, were significantly modified by FRLFE supplementation. Compared with the placebo group, the change in the serum interleukin-6 level between pre- and mid-training were significantly lower in the FRLFE group, while the change in the transforming growth factor-β level between pre- and post-training was significantly greater in the FRLFE group. These findings suggest that FRLFE supplementation may suppress inflammation or tissue damage caused by high-intensity exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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26
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Hayama K, Ishibashi H, Kitadate K, Yamazaki M, Abe S. [Therapeutic effect of oligonol, a low-molecular polyphenol formulation derived from lychee fruits on murine oral candidiasis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:137-42. [PMID: 20716852 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.51.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the potential of oligonol, a low molecular polyphenol formulation prepared from lychee fruits, for treatment of oral candidiasis using a murine model. Oligonol at concentration of more than 313 microg/ml inhibited the mycelial growth of Candida albicans in vitro. When 50 microl of oligonol (20 mg/ml ) was administered three times into the oral cavity of orally Candida -infected mice, the number of viable Candida cells in the oral cavity was reduced significantly and the score of lesions on the tongue recovered on day 2. These findings suggest that oligonol could have potential as a food component supporting anti- Candida treatment.
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27
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Hypolipidaemic and antioxidative effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on renal damage in type 2 diabetic mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1120-8. [PMID: 20642878 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight per d for 8 weeks to db/db mice with type 2 diabetes, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle in db/db and m/m (misty, non-diabetic) mice. Serum and renal biochemical factors, protein expressions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, and advanced glycation endproducts were measured. There were significant reductions in the serum lipid concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as improvements in renal function parameters. In addition, oligonol treatment significantly decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. In particular, the renal lipid contents such as TAG and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the oligonol-administered groups through the up-regulation of PPARα and down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in db/db mice. Moreover, oligonol inhibited non-fluorescent AGE formation and their receptor expression, suggesting that it could effectively inhibit AGE development caused by oxidative stress and/or dyslipidaemia in the kidney of db/db mice. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels of m/m mice in the group given oligonol at 20 mg/kg. This means that oligonol would act as a regulator in the inflammatory response of type 2 diabetes. The present results suggest that oligonol could have renoprotective effects against abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS-related AGE formation in type 2 diabetes.
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28
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Targeting COX-2 expression by natural compounds: a promising alternative strategy to synthetic COX-2 inhibitors for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1801-15. [PMID: 20615394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a pro-inflammatory immediate early response protein, chronically up-regulated in many pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases, it is responsible for degenerative effects whereas in cancer, it correlates with poor prognosis. A constitutive expression of COX-2 is triggered since the earliest steps of carcinogenesis. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting COX-2 enzymatic activity have been clinically applied for the treatment of autoimmune disorders; in addition, the same approaches are currently investigated for anti-cancer purposes. However, COX-2 protein inhibitors (i.e., NSAIDs and COXIBs) are not amenable to prolonged administration since they may cause severe side effects, and efforts are underway to identify alternative approaches for chemoprevention/therapy. COX-2 expression is a multi-step process, highly regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Defects in the modulation of one or both of these steps may be found in pathological conditions. Targeting COX-2 expression may therefore represent a promising strategy, by which the same preventive and therapeutic benefits may be gained while avoiding the severe side effects of COX-2 enzymatic inhibition. Naturally occurring compounds derived from plants/organisms represent a huge source of biologically active molecules, that remains largely unexplored. Derived from plants/organisms used in traditional forms of medicine or as dietary supplements, these compounds have been experimentally investigated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential. In this review, we will analyze how natural compounds may modulate the multistep regulation of COX-2 gene expression and discuss their potential as a new generation of COX-2 targeting agents alternative to the synthetic COX-2 inhibitors.
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29
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Lee JB, Shin YO, Min YK, Yang HM. The effect of Oligonol intake on cortisol and related cytokines in healthy young men. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:203-7. [PMID: 20607065 PMCID: PMC2895700 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Oligonol intake on cortisol, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations in the serum at rest and after physical exercise loading. Nineteen healthy sedentary male volunteers participated in this study. The physical characteristics of the subjects were: a mean height of 174.2 ± 2.7 cm, a mean weight of 74.8 ± 3.6 kg and a mean age of 22.8 ± 1.3 years. Each subject received 0.5 L water with Oligonol (100 mg/day) (n = 10) or a placebo (n = 9) daily for four weeks. The body composition, the white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts as well as the serum cortisol, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were measured before and after Oligonol intake. The cortisol concentration and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 after Oligonol intake were significantly decreased compared to before treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the rate of increase of these factors after exercise was decreased compared to the placebo group. There was no change in the WBC and differential cell counts. These results suggest that oral Oligonol intake for four weeks had a significant effect on inhibition of inflammatory markers in healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1 Ssang yong-dong, Cheonan 331-946, Korea
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30
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Ogasawara J, Kitadate K, Nishioka H, Fujii H, Sakurai T, Kizaki T, Izawa T, Ishida H, Ohno H. Oligonol, a new lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol, enhances lipolysis in primary rat adipocytes through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1626-33. [PMID: 19548254 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Oligonol, a phenolic product from lychee fruit polyphenol (LFP) containing catechin-type monomers and lower oligomers of proanthocyanidin, on lipolysis in primary adipocytes was investigated in order to examine the possible mechanism underlying the regulation of in vivo metabolism in fat. Oligonol significantly increased lipolysis, which was accompanied by both activation of extracellular signaling-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and down-regulation of perilipin protein expression, without an increase in intracellular cAMP production. The increase in lipolysis with Oligonol was prevented completely by pretreatment with either PD98059 or U0126, selective ERK1/2 inhibitors, which also prevented the reduction in the expression of perilipin protein. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also down-regulated the expression of perilipin protein. However, there was no significant alteration in the expression of Galphai protein with Oligonol. These findings indicate that Oligonol enhances lipolysis in primary adipocytes, independent of cAMP production, but its effect is dependent on activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, leading to down-regulation of perilipin protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Amelioration of abdominal obesity by low-molecular-weight polyphenol (Oligonol) from lychee. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Kundu JK, Choi KS, Fujii H, Sun B, Surh YJ. Oligonol, a lychee fruit-derived low molecular weight polyphenol formulation, inhibits UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and induces NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 expression in hairless mouse skin. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Kundu JK, Hwang DM, Lee JC, Chang EJ, Shin YK, Fujii H, Sun B, Surh YJ. Inhibitory effects of oligonol on phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion and COX-2 expression in mouse skin: NF-kappaB and C/EBP as potential targets. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:86-97. [PMID: 18848748 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and are hence potential candidates for preventing cancer. The present study was aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor promoting activity of oligonol, a formulation of catechin-type oligomers, in mouse skin stimulated with a proto-type tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Pretreatment of mouse skin with oligonol significantly inhibited TPA-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Oligonol diminished nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) via blockade of phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha in TPA-treated mouse skin. Moreover, oligonol suppressed TPA-induced DNA binding of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) in mouse skin. Oligonol pretreatment also attenuated the phosphorylation and/or catalytic activities of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Moreover, p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, but not the MEK inhibitor U0126, negated TPA-induced DNA binding of C/EBP. In addition, oligonol reduced the incidence and the multiplicity of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and TPA-promoted mouse skin, and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Pretreatment with oligonol diminished the levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expression of COX-2 in papillomas and carcinomas, respectively, as compared to DMBA plus TPA treatment alone. Taken together, the above findings suggest that oligonol inhibits TPA-induced COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of NF-kappaB and C/EBP via modulation of MAP kinases and suppresses chemically induced mouse skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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