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Jenkins Sánchez LR, Sips LM, Van Bogaert INA. Just passing through: Deploying aquaporins in microbial cell factories. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3497. [PMID: 39051848 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
As microbial membranes are naturally impermeable to even the smallest biomolecules, transporter proteins are physiologically essential for normal cell functioning. This makes transporters a key target area for engineering enhanced cell factories. As part of the wider cellular transportome, aquaporins (AQPs) are responsible for transporting small polar solutes, encompassing many compounds which are of great interest for industrial biotechnology, including cell feedstocks, numerous commercially relevant polyols and even weak organic acids. In this review, examples of cell factory engineering by targeting AQPs are presented. These AQP modifications aid in redirecting carbon fluxes and boosting bioconversions either by enhanced feedstock uptake, improved intermediate retention, increasing product export into the media or superior cell viability against stressors with applications in both bacterial and yeast production platforms. Additionally, the future potential for AQP deployment and targeting is discussed, showcasing hurdles and considerations of this strategy as well as recent advances and future directions in the field. By leveraging the natural diversity of AQPs and breakthroughs in channel protein engineering, these transporters are poised to be promising tools capable of enhancing a wide variety of biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Richard Jenkins Sánchez
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lobke Maria Sips
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Noëlle Adriënne Van Bogaert
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Abstract
Succinate is a circulating metabolite, and the relationship between abnormal changes in the physiological concentration of succinate and inflammatory diseases caused by the overreaction of certain immune cells has become a research focus. Recent investigations have shown that succinate produced by the gut microbiota has the potential to regulate host homeostasis and treat diseases such as inflammation. Gut microbes are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Microbial metabolites serve as nutrients in energy metabolism, and act as signal molecules that stimulate host cell and organ function and affect the structural balance between symbiotic gut microorganisms. This review focuses on succinate as a metabolite of both host cells and gut microbes and its involvement in regulating the gut - immune tissue axis by activating intestinal mucosal cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. We also examined its role as the mediator of microbiota - host crosstalk and its potential function in regulating intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This review explores feasible ways to moderate succinate levels and provides new insights into succinate as a potential target for microbial therapeutics for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Wei
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Chao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Rational Metabolic Engineering Combined with Biosensor-Mediated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for l-Cysteine Overproduction from Glycerol in Escherichia coli. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid with numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The microbial production of l-cysteine has received substantial attention, and the supply of the precursor l-serine is important in l-cysteine biosynthesis. In this study, to achieve l-cysteine overproduction, we first increased l-serine production by deleting genes involved in the pathway of l-serine degradation to glycine (serine hydroxymethyl transferase, SHMT, encoded by glyA genes) in strain 4W (with l-serine titer of 1.1 g/L), thus resulting in strain 4WG with l-serine titer of 2.01 g/L. Second, the serine-biosensor based on the transcriptional regulator NCgl0581 of C. glutamicum was constructed in E. coli, and the validity and sensitivity of the biosensor were demonstrated in E. coli. Then 4WG was further evolved through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) combined with serine-biosensor, thus yielding the strain 4WGX with 4.13 g/L l-serine production. Moreover, the whole genome of the evolved strain 4WGX was sequenced, and ten non-synonymous mutations were found in the genome of strain 4WGX compared with strain 4W. Finally, 4WGX was used as the starting strain, and deletion of the l-cysteine desulfhydrases (encoded by tnaA), overexpression of serine acetyltransferase (encoded by cysE) and the key enzyme of transport pathway (encoded by ydeD) were performed in strain 4WGX. The recombinant strain 4WGX-∆tnaA-cysE-ydeD can produce 313.4 mg/L of l-cysteine using glycerol as the carbon source. This work provides an efficient method for the biosynthesis of value-added commodity products associated with glycerol conversion.
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4
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Jie-Liu, Xu JZ, Rao ZM, Zhang WG. Industrial production of L-lysine in Corynebacterium glutamicum: progress and prospects. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Wei L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Gao J, Du M, Zhang Y, Xu N, Du H, Ju J, Liu Q, Liu J. Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-level γ-aminobutyric acid production from glycerol by dynamic metabolic control. Metab Eng 2021; 69:134-146. [PMID: 34856366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology seeks to reprogram microbial cells for efficient production of value-added compounds from low-cost renewable substrates. A great challenge of chemicals biosynthesis is the competition between cell metabolism and target product synthesis for limited cellular resource. Dynamic regulation provides an effective strategy for fine-tuning metabolic flux to maximize chemicals production. In this work, we created a tunable growth phase-dependent autonomous bifunctional genetic switch (GABS) by coupling growth phase responsive promoters and degrons to dynamically redirect the carbon flux for metabolic state switching from cell growth mode to production mode, and achieved high-level GABA production from low-value glycerol in Corynebacterium glutamicum. A ribosome binding sites (RBS)-library-based pathway optimization strategy was firstly developed to reconstruct and optimize the glycerol utilization pathway in C. glutamicum, and the resulting strain CgGly2 displayed excellent glycerol utilization ability. Then, the initial GABA-producing strain was constructed by deleting the GABA degradation pathway and introducing an exogenous GABA synthetic pathway, which led to 5.26 g/L of GABA production from glycerol. In order to resolve the conflicts of carbon flux between cell growth and GABA production, we used the GABS to reconstruct the GABA synthetic metabolic network, in which the competitive modules of GABA biosynthesis, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle module and the arginine biosynthesis module, were dynamically down-regulated while the synthetic modules were dynamically up-regulated after sufficient biomass accumulation. Finally, the resulting strain G7-1 accumulated 45.6 g/L of GABA with a yield of 0.4 g/g glycerol, which was the highest titer of GABA ever reported from low-value glycerol. Therefore, these results provide a promising technology to dynamically balance the metabolic flux for the efficient production of other high value-added chemicals from a low-value substrate in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jinshan Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhua Du
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huanmin Du
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiansong Ju
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qingdai Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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6
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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7
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Costa-Gutierrez SB, Saez JM, Aparicio JD, Raimondo EE, Benimeli CS, Polti MA. Glycerol as a substrate for actinobacteria of biotechnological interest: Advantages and perspectives in circular economy systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130505. [PMID: 33865166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria represent a ubiquitous group of microorganisms widely distributed in ecosystems. They have diverse physiological and metabolic properties, including the production of extracellular enzymes and a variety of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and other compounds of industrial interest. Therefore, actinobacteria have been used for biotechnological purposes for more than three decades. The development of a biotechnological process requires the evaluation of its cost/benefit ratio, including the search for economic and efficient substrates for microorganisms development. Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, quality and economically viable source of energy, which also contributes to the conservation of the environment. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production and has many properties, so it has a commercial value that can be used to finance the biofuel production process. Actinobacteria can use glycerol as a source of carbon and energy, either pure o crude. A circular economy system aims to eliminate waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. Although these principles are not yet met, some approaches are being made in this direction; the transformation of crude glycerol by actinobacteria is a process with great potential to be scaled on an industrial level. This review discusses the reports on glycerol as a promising source of carbon and energy for obtaining biomass and high-added value products by actinobacteria. Also, the factors influencing the biomass and secondary metabolites production in bioreactors are analyzed, and the tools available to overcome those that generate the main problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Costa-Gutierrez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana Maria Saez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Daniel Aparicio
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Enzo E Raimondo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Belgrano 300, 4700, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Marta A Polti
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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8
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Tsuge Y, Yamaguchi A. Physiological characteristics of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a cell factory under anaerobic conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6173-6181. [PMID: 34402937 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as L-glutamate and L-lysine. C. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions. When restricted under anaerobic conditions, it produces organic acids, such as L-lactate and succinate, through metabolic shift. With the increasing threat of global warming, these organic acids have drawn considerable attention as bio-based plastic monomers. In addition to the organic acids, the anaerobic bioprocess is also used to produce other value-added compounds, including isobutanol, ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, L-alanine, and L-valine. Therefore, C. glutamicum is now a versatile cell factory for producing a wide variety of useful chemicals under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The growth and metabolism of the bacterium depend on the oxygen levels, which modulate the rearrangement of the carbon flux by reprogramming gene expression patterns and intracellular redox states. Anaerobic cell growth and L-lysine production as well as aerobic succinate production have been demonstrated by engineering the metabolic pathways or supplying a terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. In this review, we discuss the physiological and metabolic changes in C. glutamicum associated with its application as a cell factory under different oxygen states. Physiological switching in bacteria is initiated with the sensing of oxygen availability. While such a sensor has not been identified in C. glutamicum yet, the molecular mechanism for oxygen sensing in related bacteria is also discussed. KEY POINTS: • C. glutamicum produces a wide variety of useful compounds under anaerobic conditions. • C. glutamicum is a versatile cell factory under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. • Metabolic fate can be overcome by engineering metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Tsuge
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Fortney NW, Hanson NJ, Rosa PRF, Donohue TJ, Noguera DR. Diverse Profile of Fermentation Byproducts From Thin Stillage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695306. [PMID: 34336807 PMCID: PMC8320890 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The economy of biorefineries is influenced not only by biofuel production from carbohydrates but also by the production of valuable compounds from largely underutilized industrial residues. Currently, the demand for many chemicals that could be made in a biorefinery, such as succinic acid (SA), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and lactic acid (LA), is fulfilled using petroleum, palm oil, or pure carbohydrates as raw materials, respectively. Thin stillage (TS), the residual liquid material following distillation of ethanol, is an underutilized coproduct from the starch biofuel industry. This carbon-rich material has the potential for chemical upgrading by microorganisms. Here, we explored the formation of different fermentation products by microbial communities grown on TS using different bioreactor conditions. At the baseline operational condition (6-day retention time, pH 5.5, 35°C), we observed a mixture of MCFAs as the principal fermentation products. Operation of a bioreactor with a 1-day retention time induced an increase in SA production, and a temperature increase to 55°C resulted in the accumulation of lactic and propionic acids. In addition, a reactor operated with a 1-day retention time at 55°C conditions resulted in LA accumulation as the main fermentation product. The prominent members of the microbial community in each reactor were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Under all operating conditions, members of the Lactobacillaceae family within Firmicutes and the Acetobacteraceae family within Proteobacteria were ubiquitous. Members of the Prevotellaceae family within Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae family within the Clostridiales order of Firmicutes were mostly abundant at 35°C and not abundant in the microbial communities of the TS reactors incubated at 55°C. The ability to adjust bioreactor operating conditions to select for microbial communities with different fermentation product profiles offers new strategies to explore and compare potentially valuable fermentation products from TS and allows industries the flexibility to adapt and switch chemical production based on market prices and demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Fortney
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Hanson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship Program, Department of Workforce Development, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paula R F Rosa
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Timothy J Donohue
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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10
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Li C, Ong KL, Cui Z, Sang Z, Li X, Patria RD, Qi Q, Fickers P, Yan J, Lin CSK. Promising advancement in fermentative succinic acid production by yeast hosts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123414. [PMID: 32763704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As a platform chemical with various applications, succinic acid (SA) is currently produced by petrochemical processing from oil-derived substrates such as maleic acid. In order to replace the environmental unsustainable hydrocarbon economy with a renewable environmentally sound carbohydrate economy, bio-based SA production process has been developed during the past two decades. In this review, recent advances in the valorization of solid organic wastes including mixed food waste, agricultural waste and textile waste for efficient, green and sustainable SA production have been reviewed. Firstly, the application, market and key global players of bio-SA are summarized. Then achievements in SA production by several promising yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are detailed, followed by calculation and comparison of SA production costs between oil-based substrates and raw materials. Lastly, challenges in engineered microorganisms and fermentation processes are presented together with perspectives on the development of robust yeast SA producers via genome-scale metabolic optimization and application of low-cost raw materials as fermentation substrates. This review provides valuable insights for identifying useful directions for future bio-SA production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Khai Lun Ong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhenyu Sang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raffel Dharma Patria
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech., Av. de la Faculté, 2B, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Salamanca D, Bühler K, Engesser KH, Schmid A, Karande R. Whole-cell biocatalysis using the Acidovorax sp. CHX100 Δ6HX for the production of ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids from cycloalkanes. N Biotechnol 2020; 60:200-206. [PMID: 33127412 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega hydroxycarboxylic acids (ω-HAs) possess two functional groups, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, and are essential precursors for the production of biodegradable polyester polymers. In this work, an Acidovorax mutant was investigated as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the conversion of cycloalkanes to their respective ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids. This Acidovorax sp. strain CHX100 originated from a wastewater treatment plant and uses cyclohexane as the sole source of carbon and energy with excellent growth rates (0.199 h-1). The metabolic efficiency of Acidovorax CHX100 is based on a highly efficient enzyme cascade used for the mineralization of cyclohexane. A deletion of 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase in the native cycloalkane pathway resulted in the Acidovorax sp. strain CHX100 Δ6HX mutant, which accumulated short ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids (C5 to C10) from cycloalkanes. This mutant transformed cyclopentane and cyclohexane (5 mM) to 5-hydroxypentanoic acid and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, respectively, with a molar conversion above 98% in 6 h. An elementary environmental and economical assessment based on E-factor and biocatalyst yield suggests the use of inexpensive electron donor and carbon sources, with subsequent efforts to minimize waste generation. Such an early-stage analysis highlights the main bottlenecks that need to be solved in developing a sustainable bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Salamanca
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Department of Solar Materials, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Department of Solar Materials, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinrich Engesser
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Department of Solar Materials, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Department of Solar Materials, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Bethlehem L, Moritz KD. Boosting Escherichia coli's heterologous production rate of ectoines by exploiting the non-halophilic gene cluster from Acidiphilium cryptum. Extremophiles 2020; 24:733-747. [PMID: 32699914 PMCID: PMC7445199 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The compatible solutes ectoine and hydroxyectoine are synthesized by many microorganisms as potent osmostress and desiccation protectants. Besides their successful implementation into various skincare products, they are of increasing biotechnological interest due to new applications in the healthcare sector. To meet this growing demand, efficient heterologous overproduction solutions for ectoines need to be found. This study is the first report on the utilization of the non-halophilic biosynthesis enzymes from Acidiphilium cryptum DSM 2389T for efficient heterologous production of ectoines in Escherichia coli. When grown at low salt conditions (≤ 0.5% NaCl) and utilizing the cheap carbon source glycerol, the production was characterized by the highest specific production of ectoine [2.9 g/g dry cell weight (dcw)] and hydroxyectoine (2.2 g/g dcw) reported so far and occurred at rapid specific production rates of up to 345 mg/(g dcw × h). This efficiency in production was related to an unprecedented carbon source conversion rate of approx. 60% of the theoretical maximum. These findings confirm the unique potential of the here implemented non-halophilic enzymes for ectoine production processes in E. coli and demonstrate the first efficient heterologous solution for hydroxyectoine production, as well as an extraordinary efficient low-salt ectoine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bethlehem
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Katharina D Moritz
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Briki A, Kaboré K, Olmos E, Bosselaar S, Blanchard F, Fick M, Guedon E, Fournier F, Delaunay S. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural overproducer of succinic acid? Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:205-215. [PMID: 32874184 PMCID: PMC7447883 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as an important industrial amino acid producer. For a few years, its ability to produce organic acids, under micro-aerobic or anaerobic conditions was demonstrated. This study is focused on the identification of the culture parameters influencing the organic acids production and, in particular, the succinate production, by this bacterium. Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262, used throughout this study, was a wild-type strain, which was not genetically designed for the production of succinate. The oxygenation level and the residual glucose concentration appeared as two critical parameters for the organic acids production. The maximal succinate concentration (4.9 g L-1) corresponded to the lower kLa value of 5 h-1. Above 5 h-1, a transient accumulation of the succinate was observed. Interestingly, the stop in the succinate production was concomitant with a lower threshold glucose concentration of 9 g L-1. Taking into account this threshold, a fed-batch culture was performed to optimize the succinate production with C. glutamicum 2262. The results showed that this wild-type strain was able to produce 93.6 g L-1 of succinate, which is one of the highest concentration reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Briki
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Karim Kaboré
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Eric Olmos
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Sabine Bosselaar
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Fabrice Blanchard
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Michel Fick
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Emmanuel Guedon
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Frantz Fournier
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
| | - Stéphane Delaunay
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésCNRSVandoeuvre CedexFrance
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre CedexFrance
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14
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Construction of an energy-conserving glycerol utilization pathways for improving anaerobic succinate production in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2019; 56:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Huang M, Cheng J, Chen P, Zheng G, Wang D, Hu Y. Efficient production of succinic acid in engineered Escherichia coli strains controlled by anaerobically-induced nirB promoter using sweet potato waste hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:147-154. [PMID: 30784862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid has attracted interest worldwide as a precursor of many industrially crucial chemicals. Biosynthesis of succinic acid from biomass is developing as an environmentally friendly strategy now. Conversion of sweet potato waste (SPW) to succinic acid could implement high-value utilization of biomass, cut cost of the fermentation process and reduce the pollution of environment. Engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain HD134 under the control of anaerobically-induced nirB promoter from Salmonella enterica (PSnirB) could produce about 16.30 g/L succinic acid with a yield of 0.83 g/g after 48 h on glucose. With SPW hydrolysate as the substrate, 18.65 g/L succinic acid with a yield of 0.94 g/g after 48 h fermentation achieved. Compared to SD134 under Trc control induced with Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactoside (IPTG), this concentration and yield represented an 8.56% and 6.82% increase, respectively. The use of anaerobically-induced PSnirB not only could attain higher production of succinic acid than IPTG-induced Trc promoter, but omit cost of expensive exogenous inducers. The efficient production of succinic acid from SPW was firstly studied by anaerobically-induced PSnirB control, which achieved relative lower cost compared to glucose as substrate and IPTG as the inducer. This novel fermentation process conduces to the cosmically industrial succinic acid bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Gaowei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China.
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16
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Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering advances and prospects for amino acid production. Metab Eng 2019; 58:17-34. [PMID: 30940506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid fermentation is one of the major pillars of industrial biotechnology. The multi-billion USD amino acid market is rising steadily and is diversifying. Metabolic engineering is no longer focused solely on strain development for the bulk amino acids L-glutamate and L-lysine that are produced at the million-ton scale, but targets specialty amino acids. These demands are met by the development and application of new metabolic engineering tools including CRISPR and biosensor technologies as well as production processes by enabling a flexible feedstock concept, co-production and co-cultivation schemes. Metabolic engineering advances are exemplified for specialty proteinogenic amino acids, cyclic amino acids, omega-amino acids, and amino acids functionalized by hydroxylation, halogenation and N-methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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17
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhu J, Liu W, Xu G, Zhang X, Shi J, Xu Z. High-yield production of L-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:221-230. [PMID: 30600411 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
L-Serine is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and the direct fermentation to produce L-serine from cheap carbon sources such as glycerol is greatly desired. The production of L-serine by engineered Escherichia coli from glycerol has not been achieved so far. In this study, E. coli was engineered to efficiently produce L-serine from glycerol. To this end, three L-serine deaminase genes were deleted in turn, and all of the deletions caused the maximal accumulation of L-serine at 0.06 g/L. Furthermore, removal of feedback inhibition by L-serine resulted in a titer of 1.1 g/L. Additionally, adaptive laboratory evolution was employed to improve glycerol utilization in combination with the overexpression of the cysteine/acetyl serine transporter gene eamA, leading to 2.36 g/L L-serine (23.6% of the theoretical yield). In 5-L bioreactor, L-serine titer could reach up to 7.53 g/L from glycerol, demonstrating the potential of the established strain and bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafen Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhao N, Qian L, Luo G, Zheng S. Synthetic biology approaches to access renewable carbon source utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9517-9529. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Pérez-García F, Wendisch VF. Transport and metabolic engineering of the cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5047308. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pérez-García
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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20
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Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for fermentative production of chemicals in biorefinery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3915-3937. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Zhang Y, Cai J, Shang X, Wang B, Liu S, Chai X, Tan T, Zhang Y, Wen T. A new genome-scale metabolic model of Corynebacterium glutamicum and its application. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:169. [PMID: 28680478 PMCID: PMC5493880 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important platform organism for industrial biotechnology to produce amino acids, organic acids, bioplastic monomers, and biofuels. The metabolic flexibility, broad substrate spectrum, and fermentative robustness of C. glutamicum make this organism an ideal cell factory to manufacture desired products. With increases in gene function, transport system, and metabolic profile information under certain conditions, developing a comprehensive genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of C. glutamicum ATCC13032 is desired to improve prediction accuracy, elucidate cellular metabolism, and guide metabolic engineering. RESULTS Here, we constructed a new GEM for ATCC13032, iCW773, consisting of 773 genes, 950 metabolites, and 1207 reactions. Compared to the previous model, iCW773 supplemented 496 gene-protein-reaction associations, refined five lumped reactions, balanced the mass and charge, and constrained the directionality of reactions. The simulated growth rates of C. glutamicum cultivated on seven different carbon sources using iCW773 were consistent with experimental values. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the iCW773-simulated and experimental fluxes was 0.99, suggesting that iCW773 provided an accurate intracellular flux distribution of the wild-type strain growing on glucose. Furthermore, genetic interventions for overproducing l-lysine, 1,2-propanediol and isobutanol simulated using OptForceMUST were in accordance with reported experimental results, indicating the practicability of iCW773 for the design of metabolic networks to overproduce desired products. In vivo genetic modifications of iCW773-predicted targets resulted in the de novo generation of an l-proline-overproducing strain. In fed-batch culture, the engineered C. glutamicum strain produced 66.43 g/L l-proline in 60 h with a yield of 0.26 g/g (l-proline/glucose) and a productivity of 1.11 g/L/h. To our knowledge, this is the highest titer and productivity reported for l-proline production using glucose as the carbon resource in a minimal medium. CONCLUSIONS Our developed iCW773 serves as a high-quality platform for model-guided strain design to produce industrial bioproducts of interest. This new GEM will be a successful multidisciplinary tool and will make valuable contributions to metabolic engineering in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiuling Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tingyi Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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22
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Wendisch VF, Brito LF, Gil Lopez M, Hennig G, Pfeifenschneider J, Sgobba E, Veldmann KH. The flexible feedstock concept in Industrial Biotechnology: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and yeast strains for access to alternative carbon sources. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:139-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Engineered biosynthesis of biodegradable polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:1037-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Advances in science and technology have resulted in the rapid development of biobased plastics and the major drivers for this expansion are rising environmental concerns of plastic pollution and the depletion of fossil-fuels. This paper presents a broad view on the recent developments of three promising biobased plastics, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), well known for their biodegradability. The article discusses the natural and recombinant host organisms used for fermentative production of monomers, alternative carbon feedstocks that have been used to lower production cost, different metabolic engineering strategies used to improve product titers, various fermentation technologies employed to increase productivities and finally, the different downstream processes used for recovery and purification of the monomers and polymers.
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24
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Wang C, Cai H, Chen Z, Zhou Z. Engineering a glycerol utilization pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum for succinate production under O2 deprivation. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1791-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Improving Process Yield in Succinic Acid Production by Cell Recycling of Recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Chen Z, Liu D. Toward glycerol biorefinery: metabolic engineering for the production of biofuels and chemicals from glycerol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:205. [PMID: 27729943 PMCID: PMC5048440 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an inevitable by-product of the biofuel industry, glycerol is becoming an attractive feedstock for biorefinery due to its abundance, low price and high degree of reduction. Converting crude glycerol into value-added products is important to increase the economic viability of the biofuel industry. Metabolic engineering of industrial strains to improve its performance and to enlarge the product spectrum of glycerol biotransformation process is highly important toward glycerol biorefinery. This review focuses on recent metabolic engineering efforts as well as challenges involved in the utilization of glycerol as feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals, especially for the production of diols, organic acids and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan, 523808 China
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27
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Hao G, Chen H, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Metabolic engineering of Mortierella alpina for arachidonic acid production with glycerol as carbon source. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:205. [PMID: 26701302 PMCID: PMC4690419 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although some microorganisms can convert glycerol into valuable products such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, the yields are relative low due primarily to an inefficient assimilation of glycerol. Mortierella alpina is an oleaginous fungus which preferentially uses glucose over glycerol as the carbon source for fatty acid synthesis. Results In the present study, we metabolically engineered M. alpina to increase the utilization of glycerol. Glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase control the first two steps of glycerol decomposition. GK overexpression increased the total fatty acid content by 35 %, whereas G3PD1, G3PD2 and G3PD3 had no significant effect. Overexpression of malic enzyme (ME1) but not glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase or isocitrate dehydrogenase significantly increased fatty acid content when glycerol was used as carbon source. Simultaneous overexpression of GK and ME1 enabled M. alpina to accumulate fatty acids efficiently, with a 44 % increase in fatty acid content (% of dry weight), a 57 % increase in glycerol to fatty acid yield (g/g glycerol) and an 81 % increase in fatty acid production (g/L culture). A repeated batch process was applied to relieve the inhibitory effect of raw glycerol on arachidonic acid synthesis, and under these conditions, the yield reached 52.2 ± 1.9 mg/g. Conclusions This study suggested that GK is a rate-limiting step in glycerol assimilation in M. alpina. Another restricting factor for fatty acid accumulation was the supply of cytosolic NADPH. We reported a bioengineering strategy by improving the upstream assimilation and NADPH supply, for oleaginous fungi to efficiently accumulate fatty acid with glycerol as carbon source. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0392-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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28
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Kim EM, Um Y, Bott M, Woo HM. Engineering ofCorynebacterium glutamicumfor growth and succinate production from levoglucosan, a pyrolytic sugar substrate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv161. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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29
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Otten A, Brocker M, Bott M. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of itaconate. Metab Eng 2015; 30:156-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Recent advances in the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of lactate and succinate from renewable resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:375-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent increasing attention to environmental issues and the shortage of oil resources have spurred political and industrial interest in the development of environmental friendly and cost-effective processes for the production of bio-based chemicals from renewable resources. Thus, microbial production of commercially important chemicals is viewed as a desirable way to replace current petrochemical production. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, is one of the most important industrial microorganisms as a platform for the production of various amino acids. Recent research has explored the use of C. glutamicum as a potential cell factory for producing organic acids such as lactate and succinate, both of which are commercially important bulk chemicals. Here, we summarize current understanding in this field and recent metabolic engineering efforts to develop C. glutamicum strains that efficiently produce l- and d-lactate, and succinate from renewable resources.
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Woo HM, Park JB. Recent progress in development of synthetic biology platforms and metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Biotechnol 2014; 180:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Microbial production of specialty organic acids from renewable and waste materials. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:497-513. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.904269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ito Y, Hirasawa T, Shimizu H. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve succinic acid production based on metabolic profiling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:151-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We performed metabolic engineering on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced production of succinic acid. Aerobic succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by disrupting the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which encode the catalytic subunits of succinic acid dehydrogenase. Increased succinic acid production was achieved by eliminating the ethanol biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic profiling analysis revealed that succinic acid accumulated intracellularly following disruption of the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which suggests that enhancing the export of intracellular succinic acid outside of cells increases succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae. The mae1 gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malic acid transporter was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and as a result, succinic acid production was successfully improved. Metabolic profiling analysis is useful in producing chemicals for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ito
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirasawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Complex regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene pck and characterization of its GntR-type regulator IolR as a repressor of myo-inositol utilization genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4283-96. [PMID: 23873914 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00265-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA affinity chromatography with the promoter region of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pck gene, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, led to the isolation of four transcriptional regulators, i.e., RamA, GntR1, GntR2, and IolR. Determination of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity of the ΔramA, ΔgntR1 ΔgntR2, and ΔiolR deletion mutants indicated that RamA represses pck during growth on glucose about 2-fold, whereas GntR1, GntR2, and IolR activate pck expression about 2-fold irrespective of whether glucose or acetate served as the carbon source. The DNA binding sites of the four regulators in the pck promoter region were identified and their positions correlated with the predicted functions as repressor or activators. The iolR gene is located upstream and in a divergent orientation with respect to a iol gene cluster, encoding proteins involved in myo-inositol uptake and degradation. Comparative DNA microarray analysis of the ΔiolR mutant and the parental wild-type strain revealed strongly (>100-fold) elevated mRNA levels of the iol genes in the mutant, indicating that the primary function of IolR is the repression of the iol genes. IolR binding sites were identified in the promoter regions of iolC, iolT1, and iolR. IolR therefore is presumably subject to negative autoregulation. A consensus DNA binding motif (5'-KGWCHTRACA-3') which corresponds well to those of other GntR-type regulators of the HutC family was identified. Taken together, our results disclose a complex regulation of the pck gene in C. glutamicum and identify IolR as an efficient repressor of genes involved in myo-inositol catabolism of this organism.
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Vasco-Cárdenas MF, Baños S, Ramos A, Martín JF, Barreiro C. Proteome response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to high concentration of industrially relevant C₄ and C₅ dicarboxylic acids. J Proteomics 2013; 85:65-88. [PMID: 23624027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than fifty years of industrial and scientific developments on the amino acid-producer strain Corynebacterium glutamicum has generated an extremely huge knowledge highly applicable to the development of new products. Despite the production of dicarboxylic acids has already been engineered in C. glutamicum, the effect caused by these acids at competitive industrial levels has not yet been described. Thus, aspartic, fumaric, itaconic, malic and succinic acids have been tested on the growth of C. glutamicum to obtain their minimal inhibitory concentrations and their intracellular effects analyzed by 2D-DIGE. This analysis showed the modification of the central metabolism of C. glutamicum, the cross-regulation between malic acid and glucose as well as the aspartic acid utilization as nitrogen source. The analysis of the transcriptional regulators involved in the control of the detected proteins pointed to the ramB gene as a candidate for strain improvement. The analysis of the ΔramB mutant demonstrated its function as an enhancer of the growth speed or resistance level against aspartic, fumaric, itaconic and malic acids in C. glutamicum. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The effect of dicarboxylic acids addition to the C. glutamicum culture broth has been described. This proteome response is detailed and the deletion of a global regulator (ramB) has been described as a possible improving method for industrial strains. In addition, the consumption of aspartic acid as nitrogen source has been described for the first time in C. glutamicum, as well as, the cross-regulation between malic acid and glucose through the F0F1 respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Vasco-Cárdenas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Koch-Koerfges A, Pfelzer N, Platzen L, Oldiges M, Bott M. Conversion of Corynebacterium glutamicum from an aerobic respiring to an aerobic fermenting bacterium by inactivation of the respiratory chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:699-708. [PMID: 23416842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study a comparative analysis of three Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 respiratory chain mutants lacking either the cytochrome bd branch (ΔcydAB), or the cytochrome bc1-aa3 branch (Δqcr), or both branches was performed. The lack of cytochrome bd oxidase was inhibitory only under conditions of oxygen limitation, whereas the absence of a functional cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex led to decreases in growth rate, biomass yield, respiration and proton-motive force (pmf) and a strongly increased maintenance coefficient under oxygen excess. These results show that the bc1-aa3 supercomplex is of major importance for aerobic respiration. For the first time, a C. glutamicum strain with a completely inactivated aerobic respiratory chain was obtained (ΔcydABΔqcr), named DOOR (devoid of oxygen respiration), which was able to grow aerobically in BHI (brain-heart infusion) glucose complex medium with a 70% reduced biomass yield compared to the wild type. Surprisingly, reasonable aerobic growth was also possible in glucose minimal medium after supplementation with peptone. Under these conditions, the DOOR strain displayed a fermentative type of catabolism with l-lactate as major and acetate and succinate as minor products. The DOOR strain had about 2% of the oxygen consumption rate of the wild type, showing the absence of additional terminal oxidases. The pmf of the DOOR mutant was reduced by about 30% compared to the wild type. Candidates for pmf generation in the DOOR strain are succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase, which probably can generate pmf in the direction of fumarate reduction, and F1FO-ATP synthase, which can couple ATP hydrolysis to the export of protons.
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Wieschalka S, Blombach B, Bott M, Eikmanns BJ. Bio-based production of organic acids with Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23199277 PMCID: PMC3917452 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of oil resources, the steadily rising oil prices and the impact of its use on the environment evokes an increasing political, industrial and technical interest for development of safe and efficient processes for the production of chemicals from renewable biomass. Thus, microbial fermentation of renewable feedstocks found its way in white biotechnology, complementing more and more traditional crude oil-based chemical processes. Rational strain design of appropriate microorganisms has become possible due to steadily increasing knowledge on metabolism and pathway regulation of industrially relevant organisms and, aside from process engineering and optimization, has an outstanding impact on improving the performance of such hosts. Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as workhorse for the industrial production of numerous amino acids. However, recent studies also explored the usefulness of this organism for the production of several organic acids and great efforts have been made for improvement of the performance. This review summarizes the current knowledge and recent achievements on metabolic engineering approaches to tailor C. glutamicum for the bio-based production of organic acids. We focus here on the fermentative production of pyruvate, L- and D-lactate, 2-ketoisovalerate, 2-ketoglutarate, and succinate. These organic acids represent a class of compounds with manifold application ranges, e.g. in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, as food additives, and economically very interesting, as precursors for a variety of bulk chemicals and commercially important polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wieschalka
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Meiswinkel TM, Gopinath V, Lindner SN, Nampoothiri KM, Wendisch VF. Accelerated pentose utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum for accelerated production of lysine, glutamate, ornithine and putrescine. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 6:131-40. [PMID: 23164409 PMCID: PMC3917455 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their abundance in hemicellulosic wastes arabinose and xylose are an interesting source of carbon for biotechnological production processes. Previous studies have engineered several Corynebacterium glutamicum strains for the utilization of arabinose and xylose, however, with inefficient xylose utilization capabilities. To improve xylose utilization, different xylose isomerase genes were tested in C. glutamicum. The gene originating from Xanthomonas campestris was shown to have the highest effect, resulting in growth rates of 0.14 h−1, followed by genes from Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli. To further increase xylose utilization different xylulokinase genes were expressed combined with X. campestris xylose isomerase gene. All combinations further increased growth rates of the recombinant strains up to 0.20 h−1 and moreover increased biomass yields. The gene combination of X. campestris xylose isomerase and C. glutamicum xylulokinase was the fastest growing on xylose and compared with the previously described strain solely expressing E. coli xylose isomerase gene delivered a doubled growth rate. Productivity of the amino acids glutamate, lysine and ornithine, as well as the diamine putrescine was increased as well as final titres except for lysine where titres remained unchanged. Also productivity in medium containing rice straw hydrolysate as carbon source was increased. Funding Information No funding information provided.
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Zahoor A, Lindner SN, Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum aimed at alternative carbon sources and new products. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 3:e201210004. [PMID: 24688664 PMCID: PMC3962153 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as the amino acid-producing workhorse of fermentation industry, being used for multi-million-ton scale production of glutamate and lysine for more than 60 years. However, it is only recently that extensive research has focused on engineering it beyond the scope of amino acids. Meanwhile, a variety of corynebacterial strains allows access to alternative carbon sources and/or allows production of a wide range of industrially relevant compounds. Some of these efforts set new standards in terms of titers and productivities achieved whereas others represent a proof-of-principle. These achievements manifest the position of C. glutamicum as an important industrial microorganism with capabilities far beyond the traditional amino acid production. In this review we focus on the state of the art of metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for utilization of alternative carbon sources, (e.g. coming from wastes and unprocessed sources), and construction of C. glutamicum strains for production of new products such as diamines, organic acids and alcohols
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahoor
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Witthoff S, Eggeling L, Bott M, Polen T. Corynebacterium glutamicum harbours a molybdenum cofactor-dependent formate dehydrogenase which alleviates growth inhibition in the presence of formate. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2428-2439. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.059196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Witthoff
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Eggeling
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Bott M, Brocker M. Two-component signal transduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum and other corynebacteria: on the way towards stimuli and targets. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1131-50. [PMID: 22539022 PMCID: PMC3353115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, adaptation to changing environmental conditions is often mediated by two-component signal transduction systems. In the prototypical case, a specific stimulus is sensed by a membrane-bound histidine kinase and triggers autophosphorylation of a histidine residue. Subsequently, the phosphoryl group is transferred to an aspartate residue of the cognate response regulator, which then becomes active and mediates a specific response, usually by activating and/or repressing a set of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on two-component signal transduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum. This Gram-positive soil bacterium is used for the large-scale biotechnological production of amino acids and can also be applied for the synthesis of a wide variety of other products, such as organic acids, biofuels, or proteins. Therefore, C. glutamicum has become an important model organism in industrial biotechnology and in systems biology. The type strain ATCC 13032 possesses 13 two-component systems and the role of five has been elucidated in recent years. They are involved in citrate utilization (CitAB), osmoregulation and cell wall homeostasis (MtrAB), adaptation to phosphate starvation (PhoSR), adaptation to copper stress (CopSR), and heme homeostasis (HrrSA). As C. glutamicum does not only face changing conditions in its natural environment, but also during cultivation in industrial bioreactors of up to 500 m(3) volume, adaptability can also be crucial for good performance in biotechnological production processes. Detailed knowledge on two-component signal transduction and regulatory networks therefore will contribute to both the application and the systemic understanding of C. glutamicum and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bott
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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