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Barr KP, Deluca K, Dicianno BE, Helkowski WM, Liu B. Group peer mentoring to improve faculty connections and enhance mentoring networks. CLINICAL TEACHER 2024; 21:e13747. [PMID: 38400689 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty finding mentors and forging connections in academic departments can be challenging and became even more so when the COVID-19 pandemic reduced opportunities for informal networking. Even as restrictions on in-person meetings eased, many faculty preferred meetings to remain virtual. Because some of the most powerful predictors of faculty vitality are positive professional relationships and feelings of inclusion and belonging to an institution, attending to faculty needs in this area is important to mitigate undesired lingering consequences. APPROACH We created structured peer mentoring groups for our department's physicians and psychologists that meet virtually. Groups span career stages, academic appointments and clinical interests. The purpose was to establish a deeper culture of mentoring, increase feelings of connection to a supportive community within the department, facilitate career planning and enhance the development of skills necessary in academic medicine such as teaching skills, scholarly productivity and personal wellness. EVALUATION A survey conducted after the first year of the programme was completed by 70% of eligible faculty (31/45). Ninety-six percent felt the programme had created an inclusive and appreciative culture, 86% met faculty members they had never met before and 79% sought mentoring advice from a colleague they would not usually have interacted with in that manner. All participants appreciated hearing their colleagues' perspectives on topics they do not typically discuss. IMPLICATIONS Departmentally based group peer mentoring that spans career stages and interests can facilitate faculty connections and enhance a supportive culture of mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Barr
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kerry Deluca
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad E Dicianno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wendy M Helkowski
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Betty Liu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kingsley-Smith H, Farrier CE, Foran D, Kotze K, Mahtani K, Short S, Scott AM, Lyons O. Leadership development programmes in healthcare research: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-aggregation. BMJ LEADER 2024:leader-2024-000976. [PMID: 38991736 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2024-000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic institutions benefit from researchers adopting leadership positions and, subsequently, leadership development programmes are of increasing importance. Despite this, no evaluation of the evidence basis for leadership development programmes for healthcare researchers has been conducted. In this study, the authors reviewed leadership development programmes for healthcare researchers and aimed to identify their impact and the factors which influenced this impact. METHODS The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO between January 2000 and January 2023 for evaluations of leadership development programmes with healthcare researchers. The authors synthesised results through exploratory meta-analysis and meta-aggregation and used the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Qualitative Studies to identify higher-reliability studies. RESULTS 48 studies met inclusion criteria, of which approximately half (22) met the criteria for higher reliability. The median critical appraisal score was 10.5/18 for the MERSQI and 3.5/10 for the JBI. Common causes of low study quality appraisal related to study design, data analysis and reporting. Evaluations principally consisted of questionnaires measuring self-assessed outcomes. Interventions were primarily focused on junior academics. Overall, 163/168 categorised programme outcomes were positive. Coaching, experiential learning/project work and mentoring were associated with increased organisational outcomes. CONCLUSION Educational methods appeared to be more important for organisational outcomes than specific educational content. To facilitate organisational outcomes, educational methods should include coaching, project work and mentoring. Programmes delivered by external faculty were less likely to be associated with organisational outcomes than those with internal or mixed faculty, but this needs further investigation. Finally, improving evaluation design will allow educators and evaluators to more effectively understand factors which are reliably associated with organisational outcomes of leadership development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Kingsley-Smith
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian E Farrier
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Foran
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Koot Kotze
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamal Mahtani
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Short
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Mae Scott
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar Lyons
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sancheznieto F, Asquith P, Baez Bermejo A, Meagher EA, Pfund CE. Mentoring up for early career investigators: Empowering mentees to proactively engage in their mentoring relationships. J Clin Transl Sci 2024; 8:e86. [PMID: 38784110 PMCID: PMC11112430 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effective mentorship is recognized as critical for the professional development of clinical and translational investigators. Evidence-based mentorship training prompted the development of training for mentees at early career stages who are navigating both mentor and mentee roles. The curriculum titled, Mentoring Up for Early Career Investigators, recognizes the importance of building mentee self-efficacy across proactive mentorship skills and competencies. Methods Mentoring Up for Early Career Investigators curriculum is based on the research mentor training approach in Entering Mentoring. Pilot implementations of Mentoring Up at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and University of Pennsylvania had positive training outcomes for KL2 Scholars. Subsequently, Mentoring Up was implemented and evaluated at several other institutions. For 26 implementations longer than 4 hours, data were collected on trainee demographics, satisfaction with training, skill gains across mentorship competencies, and the intent to change mentoring behaviors following training. Results 88% of participants rated the mentee training as valuable. Significant skill gains were reported across all mentorship competencies following training. 77% reported specific plans to change or augment their mentoring behaviors because of the training. The majority aligned with mentorship skill competencies (aligning expectations, effective communications) or mentoring up strategies (voicing needs, setting boundaries, communicating proactively). Conclusion Mentoring Up training is effective in advancing mentee skills and promoting strategies to be more proactive in getting their mentoring needs met. Mentoring Up offers an expansion to the suite of mentorship education and resources to support the career advancement of all in the translational science workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Sancheznieto
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela Asquith
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adriana Baez Bermejo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Otolaryngology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Emma A. Meagher
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine E. Pfund
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Jarrett O, Humaidan-Zayed L, Chamberlain S, Weine S. Strengthening Mentorship in Global Health for US Medical Students. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:61. [PMID: 37780838 PMCID: PMC10541226 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
US medical students demonstrate strong interest in receiving global health training. In 2012, the Center for Global Health (CGH) at the University of Illinois College of Medicine (UICOM) developed a Global Medicine (GMED) program to match this interest. From its initiation, mentorship has been a key component of the GMED program. More recently, this has been strengthened by applying additional evidence-informed approaches toward mentoring. These include the "mentor up" approach, a "network of mentors," and an individualized development plan (IDP). Applying these changes were associated with increases in the number of student abstract presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications. Mentorship based upon evidence-informed approaches should be a key component of global health education in academic medical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Jarrett
- Academic Programs, UIC Center for Global Health, US
- Section of Infectious Diseases, UIC Department of Medicine, US
| | | | - Stacey Chamberlain
- UIC Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Academic Programs, UIC Center for Global Health, US
| | - Stevan Weine
- Department of Psychiatry, Director of Global Medicine & Director of the Center for Global Health, US
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Rehman R, Ali R, Khalid S, Ali TS. Seeds of trust ripe as luscious fruits: Faculty mentorship forum at Aga Khan University Medical College. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1268-1274. [PMID: 37680801 PMCID: PMC10480750 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective Faculty members require mentoring in all stages of their professional development. Aga Khan University (AKU) has initiated mentorship programs for students and faculty at AKU Medical College (AKU- MC) and AKU School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM). This study aimed to explore perceptions of mentors, mentees, administrators (chairs, co-chairs, founder members and coordinators of the mentoring program) and leadership and further investigate the strengths and challenges faced by 'Faculty Mentorship Program' at AKU- MC. Methods We conducted a qualitative exploratory study from February till December 2021 after approval from AKU using purposive criterion sampling. Mentors, mentees, administrators and dean of AKU- MC were included in the study. The interview guide was developed, validated and reviewed by experts. After piloting, four focused group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews were conducted in AKU- MC. Results The findings described the transition from informal to formal mentorship, identified challenges faced by mentors and mentees and suggested the role of leadership / administrators. The themes identified were "Continuous improvement of mentoring practices", "Building strong foundations for mentoring relationships", and "Growth and development through challenging experiences". Conclusion The faculty mentorship program at AKU-MC was in line with the goals and vision of the institution. All participants identified the need of additional resources, administrative support, rewards, incentives and recognition of mentors for sustainability of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Rehana Rehman, Professor, Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi. Pakistan
| | - Rahila Ali
- Rahila Ali, Senior Instructor, Department for Educational Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi. Pakistan
| | - Saira Khalid
- Saira Khalid, Nursing Instructor, College of Nursing Armed Forces Postgraduate, Medical Institute (AFPGMI), Rawalpindi. Pakistan
| | - Tazeen Saeed Ali
- Tazeen Saeed Ali Interim Dean, School of nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi. Pakistan
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McGee RE, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR, Ofotokun I, Bhatti PT, Paulsen DF, Quarshie A, Somanath PR, Comeau DL. Mentor training for junior faculty: a brief evaluation report from the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance. J Investig Med 2023; 71:577-585. [PMID: 37085987 PMCID: PMC10989736 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231168601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
To provide a foundation for mentoring, junior faculty participated in a mentor training workshop informed by the Mentoring Clinical and Translational Researchers curriculum. The goal was to develop skills and behaviors that engender more rewarding and inclusive mentoring practices. Attendees responded to baseline and follow-up surveys assessing perceived mentoring skills. Follow-up surveys included closed- and open-ended questions about the value and satisfaction of the training, and intended behavior changes. Junior faculty respondents (n = 39) reported significantly higher overall mentoring skills after the training (t = -2.6, p = 0.012) with a medium effect size (Cohen's D = 0.59). Domains with statistically significant improvement from baseline to follow-up included aligning mentor-mentee expectations and assessing understanding. Thirty-eighty (97%) found the training valuable, and 32 (82%) indicated they would change mentoring-related behaviors because of the training. Intended behavior changes described in open-ended responses aligned with mentoring skills assessed (e.g., aligning expectations). An additional competency domain of evaluating mentoring relationships was also described. A mentor training workshop for junior faculty appeared to contribute to changes in mentoring skills and intended behaviors. Mentor training has the potential to enhance mentorship, which is critical to strengthening a diverse pipeline of clinical and translational science researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E McGee
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry M Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela T Bhatti
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas F Paulsen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Quarshie
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dawn L Comeau
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abdollahi M, Heshmati Nabavi F. Mentoring as an Appropriate Strategy for Medical Faculty Member Development in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2023; 11:3-14. [PMID: 36685143 PMCID: PMC9846096 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2022.97103.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human resources development, especially faculty members who play a substantial role in education, is of great importance and can lead to enhanced competence and participation of employees in university affairs. Mentoring is one of the programs that have attracted the attention of activists in this field today. This review aims to integrate the evidence about the goals, methods, implementation steps, and consequences of the mentoring methods for faculty member development in higher education institutions. METHODS We used a systematic review in this study. Keywords related to the mentoring program were searched in gateways and databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC from 2000 to 2021. In the initial search, 638 articles were found, and 16 studies were reviewed after excluding those unrelated to the research objective. RESULTS The results showed that the mentoring program included three stages: "Targeting and Familiarization with the Implementation of the Mentoring Program", "Mentoring Program Implementation", and "Evaluation of the Mentoring Program". The implementation approaches included Traditional One-to-one Mentoring Program, Peer Mentoring Program, and Distance Education Mentoring Program. CONCLUSION This study identified the stages and types of mentoring programs and revealed that their employment, especially the distance education mentoring program, led to the advancement of faculty members in various fields. A mixed-method approach to program evaluation can provide more appropriate views of the effects of these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heshmati Nabavi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Berg CJ, Sturua L, Marsit CJ, Baramidze L, Kiladze N, Caudle WM. Research Capacity Training on Environmental Health and Noncommunicable Diseases in the Country of Georgia: Challenges and Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138154. [PMID: 35805812 PMCID: PMC9266433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 presented challenges for global health research training programs. The Clean Air Research and Education (CARE) program, which aims to enhance research capacity related to noncommunicable diseases and environmental health in the country of Georgia, was launched in 2020—as the COVID-19 pandemic began. At its foundation is mentorship and mentored research, alongside formal didactic training, informal training/meetings, and other supports. Current analyses examined CARE’s initial 1.5 years (e.g., program benefits, mentorship relationships) using data from an evaluation survey among trainees and faculty in January 2022. Trainees (100% response rate: n = 12/12; 4 MPH, 8 PhD) and faculty (86.7% response rate: n = 13/15; 7 Georgia-based, 6 United States-based) rated factors related to mentor-mentee relationships highly, particularly mutual consideration of each other’s thoughts, opinions, and perspectives; one major challenge was completing goals planned. Trainees and faculty identified several growth experiences and program benefits (e.g., skills development, expanding professional network) but also identified challenges (e.g., meeting program demands, communication gaps, unclear expectations)—exacerbated by the pandemic. Findings underscore the importance of strong mentorship relationships and that the pandemic negatively impacted communication and clarity of expectations. Given the likely ongoing impact of the pandemic on such programs, program leaders must identify ways to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-558-5395 or +1-202-994-0168; Fax: +1-202-912-8475
| | - Lela Sturua
- Non-Communicable Diseases Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0198 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.J.M.); (W.M.C.)
| | - Levan Baramidze
- International School of Public Health, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nino Kiladze
- International School of Public Health, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.B.); (N.K.)
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.J.M.); (W.M.C.)
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Milburn JM, Hirsch JA. Mentorship in neurointerventional surgery. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 14:635. [PMID: 35710305 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-019196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Milburn
- Radiology, Ochsner Medical System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- NeuroEndovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs’ Ovarian Cancer Academy: A New Approach to Training in Biomedical Research. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e79. [PMID: 35949654 PMCID: PMC9305081 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Researchers have begun to change their approach to training in the biomedical sciences through the development of communities of practice (CoPs). CoPs share knowledge across clinical and laboratory contexts to promote the progress of clinical and translational science. The Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs’ (CDMRP) Ovarian Cancer Academy (OCA) was designed as a virtual CoP to promote interactions among early career investigators (ECIs) and their mentors with the goal of eliminating ovarian cancer. Methods: A mixed-methods approach (surveys and interviews) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the OCA for the eight ECIs and five mentors. Quantitative analysis included internal reliability of scales and descriptive statistics for each measure, as well as paired sample t-tests for Time 1 and Time 2. Qualitative data were analyzed for themes to discern which aspects of the program were useful and where more attention is needed. Results: Preliminary analyses reveal several trends, including the importance of training in grant writing to the ECI’s productivity, as well as the value of peer mentorship. Conclusion: The results show that the OCA was an innovative and effective way to create a CoP with broad implications for the field of ovarian cancer research, as well as for the future of biomedical research training.
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Redeker NS, Rawl SM, Nwanaji-Enwerem U. Expanding the Pipeline of Nurse Scientists to Address the Health Care Needs of a Diverse Society. Nurs Outlook 2021; 69:704-706. [PMID: 34465419 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Redeker
- Chair, National Advisory Committee, Council for Advancement of Nursing Science.
| | - Susan M Rawl
- Vice-Chair, National Advisory Committee, Council for Advancement of Nursing Science
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Velazco CS, Davila VJ, Alhajjat AM, Ostlie DJ, Garvey EM. Mentorship in pediatric surgery: A need for structure? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:892-899. [PMID: 33139033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mentorship in surgical training is critical but differs greatly from the early apprenticeship model and often spans generations. This study evaluates the current state of and desire for structured mentorship in pediatric surgical training from the perspective of program directors (PDs) and trainees. METHODS A survey addressing demographics, presence of or desire for structured mentorship, and proposed mentoring topics was emailed to pediatric surgery PDs (n = 58) and trainees completing fellowship in 2018-2020 (n = 72). RESULTS The response rate was 38.5%. 50% of trainees were female versus 15% of PDs (p = 0.02). 19% of trainees reported having a structured mentorship program versus 26% of PDs (p = 0.72). The majority, 83%, of trainees felt a structured mentorship program is warranted versus 40% of PDs (p = 0.002). There were differing opinions between trainees and PDs regarding important components of a mentoring program. Trainees felt the following were more important: transition to practice, job negotiation, CV review, financial planning and performance review. PDs felt the following were more important: quality improvement projects and work/life balance. Both agreed academic development and job search were important. CONCLUSIONS The majority of pediatric surgery trainees desire structured mentorship programs; however, few institutions have them. Training programs and program directors warrant a response to this gap. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine S Velazco
- Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054
| | - Victor J Davila
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054
| | - Amir M Alhajjat
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016
| | - Daniel J Ostlie
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016
| | - Erin M Garvey
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016.
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Kow CS, Teo YH, Teo YN, Chua KZY, Quah ELY, Kamal NHBA, Tan LHE, Cheong CWS, Ong YT, Tay KT, Chiam M, Mason S, Krishna LKR. A systematic scoping review of ethical issues in mentoring in medical schools. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32736552 PMCID: PMC7395401 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentoring provides mentees and mentors with holistic support and research opportunities. Yet, the quality of this support has been called into question amidst suggestions that mentoring is prone to bullying and professional lapses. These concerns jeopardise mentoring's role in medical schools and demand closer scrutiny. METHODS To better understand prevailing concerns, a novel approach to systematic scoping reviews (SSR) s is proposed to map prevailing ethical issues in mentoring in an accountable and reproducible manner. Ten members of the research team carried out systematic and independent searches of PubMed, Embase, ERIC, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OpenGrey and Mednar databases. The individual researchers employed 'negotiated consensual validation' to determine the final list of articles to be analysed. The reviewers worked in three independent teams. One team summarised the included articles. The other teams employed independent thematic and content analysis respectively. The findings of the three approaches were compared. The themes from non-evidence based and grey literature were also compared with themes from research driven data. RESULTS Four thousand six titles were reviewed and 51 full text articles were included. Findings from thematic and content analyses were similar and reflected the tabulated summaries. The themes/categories identified were ethical concerns, predisposing factors and possible solutions at the mentor and mentee, mentoring relationship and/or host organisation level. Ethical concerns were found to stem from issues such as power differentials and lack of motivation whilst predisposing factors comprised of the mentor's lack of experience and personality conflicts. Possible solutions include better program oversight and the fostering of an effective mentoring environment. CONCLUSIONS This structured SSR found that ethical issues in mentoring occur as a result of inconducive mentoring environments. As such, further studies and systematic reviews of mentoring structures, cultures and remediation must follow so as to guide host organisations in their endeavour to improve mentoring in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Shumin Kow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Keith Zi Yuan Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Elaine Li Ying Quah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Nur Haidah Binte Ahmad Kamal
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Lorraine Hui En Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Wei Shuen Cheong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Kuang Teck Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Centre of Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD 11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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Cheong CWS, Chia EWY, Tay KT, Chua WJ, Lee FQH, Koh EYH, Chin AMC, Toh YP, Mason S, Krishna LKR. A systematic scoping review of ethical issues in mentoring in internal medicine, family medicine and academic medicine. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2020; 25:415-439. [PMID: 31705429 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-019-09934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mentoring's role in medical education is threatened by the potential abuse of mentoring relationships. Particularly affected are mentoring relationships between senior clinicians and junior doctors which lie at the heart of mentoring. To better understand and address these concerns, a systematic scoping review into prevailing accounts of ethical issues and professional lapses in mentoring is undertaken. Arksey and O'Malley's (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19-32, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616) methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews was employed to explore the scope of ethical concerns in mentoring in general medicine. Databases searcheed included PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Embase, Scopus, Mednar and OpenGrey. 3391 abstracts were identified from the initialy search after removal of duplicates, 412 full-text articles were reviewed, 98 articles were included and thematically analysed. Unsatisfactory matching, misaligned expectations, inadequate mentor training, cursory codes of conduct, sketchy standards of practice, meagre oversight and unstructured processes have been identified as potential causes for ethical and professional breaches in mentoring practice. Changes in how professionalism is viewed suggest further studies of educational culture should also be carried out. The host organization plays a major role in establishing codes of conduct, expectations, and holistically, longitudinally oversight of the mentoring process and mentoring relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisha Wan Ying Chia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuang Teck Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Jie Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fion Qian Hui Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugene Yong Hian Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Pin Toh
- Family Medicine Residency, National University Hospital Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Stephen Mason
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke- NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Nomura O, Kobayashi T, Nagata C, Kuriyama T, Sako M, Saito K, Ishiguro A. Needs Assessment for Supports to Promote Pediatric Clinical Research Using an Online Survey of the Japanese Children's Hospitals Association. JMA J 2020; 3:131-137. [PMID: 33150245 PMCID: PMC7590392 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infrastructure and the capacity to conduct clinical research in pediatrics have not been fully established in Japan. To elucidate the physicians' perspectives on clinical research, level of experience, existing barriers, and requests for support, we conducted a survey at 34 children's hospitals in Japan. METHODS In January 2016, an online survey with 13 questions was sent to approximately 2000 physicians working in 34 pediatric hospitals belonging to the Japanese Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions. RESULTS Of the 360 respondents, 318 (88.3%) had presentations at academic conferences, and 261 (72.5%) had publications in academic journals, in the previous year. The most common study designs of clinical research conducted were case reports and case series. The most requested supports were for statistical analysis, followed by study design, grant application, and English-language editing. Younger physicians were more likely to prefer educational lectures (p < 0.001), whereas experienced physicians were more likely to request support for conducting statistical analysis (p = 0.002). Whereas physicians who had ever led a clinical trial requested support for the development of study protocol (p = .013), those without this experience preferred support for literature review (p = .002) and consultation services for study design (p = .027). CONCLUSIONS The requests for supports were different, depending on the physicians' years after graduation and experience level in clinical research. In order to enhance clinical research in pediatrics, it is essential to provide appropriate types and levels of educational and support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nomura
- Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kobayashi
- Department of Management and Strategy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Nagata
- Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuriyama
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sako
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiguro
- Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Gandhi M, Raj T, Fernandez R, Rispel L, Nxumalo N, Lescano AG, Bukusi EA, Mmbaga BT, Heimburger DC, Cohen CR. Mentoring the Mentors: Implementation and Evaluation of Four Fogarty-Sponsored Mentoring Training Workshops in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:20-28. [PMID: 30430977 PMCID: PMC6329359 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of competent mentoring in academic research. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of four regional 2-day intensive workshops to train mid- and senior-level investigators conducting public health, clinical, and basic science research across multiple academic institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on tools and techniques of effective mentoring. Sponsored by the Fogarty International Center, workshops included didactic presentations, interactive discussions, and small-group problem-based learning and were conducted in Lima, Peru; Mombasa, Kenya; Bangalore, India; and Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2013 to 2016. Mid- or senior-level faculty from multiple academic institutions within each region applied and were selected. Thirty faculty from 12 South America–based institutions, 29 faculty from eight East Africa–based institutions, 37 faculty from 14 South Asia–based institutions, and 36 faculty from 13 Africa-based institutions participated, with diverse representation across disciplines, gender, and academic rank. Discussions and evaluations revealed important comparisons and contrasts in the practice of mentoring, and specific barriers and facilitators to mentoring within each cultural and regional context. Specific regional issues related to hierarchy, the post-colonial legacy, and diversity arose as challenges to mentoring in different parts of the world. Common barriers included a lack of a culture of mentoring, time constraints, lack of formal training, and a lack of recognition for mentoring. These workshops provided valuable training, were among the first of their kind, were well-attended, rated highly, and provided concepts and a structure for the development and strengthening of formal mentoring programs across LMIC institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Tony Raj
- St. John's Research Institute (SJRI), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Laetitia Rispel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Nxumalo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrés G Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School and Public Health Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth A Bukusi
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School and Public Health Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI) and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Craig R Cohen
- University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
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Sheri K, Too JYJ, Chuah SEL, Toh YP, Mason S, Radha Krishna LK. A scoping review of mentor training programs in medicine between 1990 and 2017. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2019; 24:1555435. [PMID: 31671284 PMCID: PMC6327936 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2018.1555435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective mentoring enhances the personal and professional development of mentees and mentors, boosts the reputation of host organizations and improves patient outcomes. Much of this success hinges upon the mentor's ability to nurture personalized mentoring relationships and mentoring environments, provide effective feedback and render timely, responsive, appropriate, and personalized support. However, mentors are often untrained raising concerns about the quality and oversight of mentoring support.To promote effective and consistent use of mentor training in medical education, this scoping review asks what mentor training programs are available in undergraduate and postgraduate medicine and how they may inform the creation of an evidenced-based framework for mentor training.Six reviewers adopted Arksey and O'Malley's approach to scoping reviews to study prevailing mentor-training programs and guidelines in postgraduate education programs and in medical schools. The focus was on novice mentoring approaches. Six reviewers carried out independent searches with similar inclusion/exclusion criteria using PubMed, ERIC, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and grey literature databases. Included were theses and book chapters published in English or had English translations published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2017. Braun and Clarke's approach to thematic analysis was adopted to circumnavigate mentoring's and mentor training's evolving, context-specific, goal-sensitive, learner-, tutor- and relationally dependent nature that prevents simple comparisons of mentor training across different settings and mentee and mentor populations.In total, 3585 abstracts were retrieved, 232 full-text articles were reviewed, 68 articles were included and four themes were identified including the structure, content, outcomes and evaluation of mentor training program.The themes identified provide the basis for an evidence-based, practice-guided framework for a longitudinal mentor training program in medicine and identifies the essential topics to be covered in mentor training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Sheri
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jue Ying Joan Too
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing En Lydia Chuah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Pin Toh
- Department of Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- University of Liverpool, Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke- NUS Medical School, Singapore
- CONTACT Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna Division of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore
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18
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Nasab S, Rushing JS, Segars JH, Evers E, Handa VL, Lawson S, Miller C, Yenokyan G, Bienstock J, Satin AJ. A Mentorship Program for Academic Obstetrician Gynecologists that Improved Publication and Overall Confidence for Success. Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37:257-264. [PMID: 31537023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate the impact of a mentorship program to enhance the training of clinical and research scientists in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). A departmental course was developed for junior faculty and fellows based on their areas of interest. The research was IRB-approved. The curriculum consisted of monthly interactive workshops for an interdisciplinary group of trainees in OBGYN. Themes included research, education, and leadership in academic OBGYN. There was a strong emphasis on participatory exercises. Examples of curriculum topics included manuscript publication and review, grant writing, working with an IRB, promotion, and time management. Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed participants' confidence in skills related to the course topics. Generalized linear models were used to assess changes in post-course response, using each question as the dependent variable and an indicator for post-course as the predictor variable. The control group was composed of junior faculty and fellows before the course was initiated. Outcome measures included the number and impact factor of published manuscripts. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess outcome measures. Of the 118 attendees, 26 (22.0%) were junior faculty, 35 (29.66%) were clinical fellows, and 28 (23.7%) were research fellows, other research staff, or students. For each 3-year course series, an average of 20 participants completed the post-course surveys, of which 72% were clinical fellows, 22% were assistant professors, and 5% were instructors. The data revealed a statistically significant change in the participant's overall confidence in skills related to research, education, and leadership when comparing the cumulative results from the pre-to-post course surveys (p < 0.001). Specifically, participants noted improved confidence in their skills related to clinical and translation research (p < 0.001) and leadership and academic career advancement (p = 0.001). Additionally, junior faculty and clinical fellows who attended the course had a higher number of publications during the course period compared with controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008, respectively). This subspecialty-tailored, departmental training program was effective in increasing junior faculty and clinical fellows' confidence in skills related to career advancement and research and in the number of peer-reviewed publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nasab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - John S Rushing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Evers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victoria L Handa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shari Lawson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Bienstock
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Satin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Building a comprehensive mentoring academy for schools of health. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 3:211-217. [PMID: 31660245 PMCID: PMC6813514 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formal mentoring programs are increasingly recognized as critical for faculty career development. We describe a mentoring academy (MA) developed for faculty across tracks (i.e., researchers, clinicians, educators) within a “school of health” encompassing schools of medicine and nursing. The program is anchored dually in a clinical and translational science center and a school of health. The structure includes the involvement of departmental and center mentoring directors to achieve widespread uptake and oversight. A fundamental resource provided by the MA includes providing workshops to enhance mentoring skills. Initiatives for junior faculty emphasize establishing and maintaining strong mentoring relationships and implementing individual development plans (IDPs) for career planning. We present self-report data on competency improvement from mentor workshops and data on resources and barriers identified by junior faculty (n = 222) in their IDPs. Mentors reported statistically significantly improved mentoring competency after workshop participation. Junior faculty most frequently identified mentors (61%) and collaborators (23%) as resources for goal attainment. Top barriers included insufficient time and time-management issues (57%), funding limitations (18%), work–life balance issues (18%), including inadequate time for self-care and career development activities. Our MA can serve as a model and roadmap for providing resources to faculty across traditional tracks within medical schools.
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Weber-Main AM, Shanedling J, Kaizer AM, Connett J, Lamere M, El-Fakahany EE. A randomized controlled pilot study of the University of Minnesota mentoring excellence training academy: A hybrid learning approach to research mentor training. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 3:152-164. [PMID: 31660240 PMCID: PMC6799418 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research mentor training is a valuable professional development activity. Options for training customization (by delivery mode, dosage, content) are needed to address the many critical attributes of effective mentoring relationships and to support mentors in different institutional settings. METHODS We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate a hybrid mentor training approach consisting of an innovative, 90-minute, self-paced, online module (Optimizing the Practice of Mentoring, OPM) followed by workshops based on the Entering Mentoring (EM) curriculum. Mentors (n = 59) were randomized to intervention or control arms; the control condition was receipt of a two-page mentoring tip sheet. Surveys (pre, post, 3-month follow up) and focus groups assessed training impact (self-appraised knowledge, skills, behavior change) and participants' perceptions of the blended training model. RESULTS The intervention (∼6.5 hours) produced significant improvements in all outcomes, including skills gains on par with those reported previously for the 8-hour EM model. Knowledge gains and intention-to-change mentoring practices were realized after completion of OPM and augmented by the in-person sessions. Mentors valued the synergy of the blended learning format, noting the unique strengths of each modality and specific benefits to completing a foundational online module before in-person engagement. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this pilot trial support the value of e-learning approaches, both as standalone curricula or as a component of hybrid implementation models, for the professional development of research mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Weber-Main
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janet Shanedling
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander M. Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Connett
- Biostatistics Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Lamere
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Esam E. El-Fakahany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Heeneman S, de Grave W. Development and initial validation of a dual-purpose questionnaire capturing mentors' and mentees' perceptions and expectations of the mentoring process. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:133. [PMID: 31068162 PMCID: PMC6505175 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health profession education, learners are often coached by mentors for development of competencies, self-direction of learning and professionalism. It is important that the mentee-mentor relationship is aligned in terms of mutual expectations. METHODS A dual-purpose questionnaire capturing both the mentor and mentee perceptions on the actual and preferred mentoring functions was designed and validated, by performing a principal component analysis (PCA) using the data of mentees (n = 103) and mentors (n = 23) of a medical course. As a proof of concept, alignment of needs and changes in the mentoring perceptions in mentee groups of different years were determined. RESULTS PCA showed that specific sets of questions addressed important elements in the mentoring process, such as self-direction of learning and reflection (Scale 1), guidance of behavioural change (Scale 4), addressing personal issues and professional identity development (Scale 3 and 5) and how the mentor and mentee presents oneself in the mentoring relationship (Scale 2). Mentors and mentees perceived comparable situations as critical for an effective mentoring process, such as mentor presence and guidance of reflection, although there was also evidence of gaps, such as perception of cultural issues. By comparison of the mentee groups in the different years of the program, the dynamic or evolving nature of the mentor process became evident, mentees experienced more emphasis by the mentor on reflection (Scale 1), at a constant level of mentor presence (Scale 2). CONCLUSION Given the individualized, context-specific, and dynamic nature of mentoring, programmes would benefit from a regular evaluation of mentoring practices, e.g. by using questionnaires, in order to facilitate organizational revisions and further development of the mentoring competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Heeneman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University/ MUMC, Peter Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, HX 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Willem de Grave
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, Maastricht, ER 6229 The Netherlands
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Rubagumya F, Nyagabona SK, Msami KH, Manirakiza A, Longombe AN, Maniragaba T, Chan H, Paciorek A, Zhang L, Balandya E, Germana LH, Mmbaga EJ, Dharsee N, Van Loon K. Attitudes and Barriers to Research Among Oncology Trainees in East Africa. Oncologist 2019; 24:e864-e869. [PMID: 30902914 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND East Africa is one of the fastest growing regions in the world and faces a rising burden of cancer; however, few people are equipped to effectively conduct research in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 31-item questionnaire was distributed to current trainees and recent graduates of the Master in Medicine in Clinical Oncology Program at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania. Areas that were assessed included (a) demographic information, (b) prior research training, (c) prior and current research activities, (d) attitudes toward the importance of research, and (e) supports and barriers to inclusion of research in an oncology career path. RESULTS A total of 30 individuals responded to the survey, of whom 53% (n = 16) were male and 70% (n = 21) identified as current trainees. Among the majority of respondents, attitudes toward research were strongly favorable. Although only 37% (n = 11) reported receiving any formal training in research methodology, 87% (n = 26) reported intentions to incorporate research into their careers. The absence of protected time for research and lack of access to research funding opportunities were identified by a majority of respondents as critical barriers. CONCLUSION A majority of current or recent oncology trainees in Tanzania desire to incorporate research into their careers, but most also lack adequate training in research methodology and longitudinal mentorship. Our future collaboration will focus on creation of appropriate research training curriculums and fostering an environment that catalyzes interprofessional development and transforms and extends context-specific cancer research in East Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Current and recent oncology trainees in East Africa expressed a high enthusiasm for research, driven by a sense of urgency related to the burden from cancer that the region faces. This highlights the need for cancer research training and mentorship in this setting. This work hypothesizes that African principal investigators can operate effectively if proper attention is given to selection and provision of high-quality foundational didactic training to learn the theory and implementation of research as well as to the development of an environment conducive to mentoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Rubagumya
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sarah K Nyagabona
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Achille Manirakiza
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ahuka N Longombe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Theoneste Maniragaba
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hilary Chan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Paciorek
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Balandya
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Leyna H Germana
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Elia J Mmbaga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nazima Dharsee
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Behar-Horenstein LS, Feng X, Prikhidko A, Su Y, Kuang H, Fillingim RB. Assessing Mentor Academy Program Effectiveness using Mixed Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:109-125. [PMID: 32982567 DOI: 10.1080/13611267.2019.1586305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess how an academic health center (AHC) mentor academy program affected mentor competence and optimized mentor-mentee relationship. Mixed methods were used to assess the effectiveness of an AHC mentor program at a clinical translational science institute (CTSI). Twenty biomedical research faculty mentors took a validated survey and submitted reflective writings to discover if they corroborated or refuted statistically significant survey results. There was significant improvement in participants' confidence of mentor skills, integral mentoring quality and the extent to which they fulfill mentees' expectations. Males provided constructive feedback and helped mentees develop goal strategies more often compared to females. Reflective writings supported these findings yet refuted two survey findings. The use of a mixed methods approach offers novel insight into how mentoring programs benefit translational research mentoring capacity building and raises questions about the sole use of surveys as evidence of program effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- Avar Consulting, Inc.; Contract Researcher, American Institutes for Research
| | | | - Yu Su
- Psychometrician at Amplify
| | - Huan Kuang
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- College of Dentistry, UF Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Noormahomed E, Williams P, Lescano AG, Raj T, Bukusi EA, Schooley RT, Cohen CR. The Evolution of Mentorship Capacity Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Case Studies from Peru, Kenya, India, and Mozambique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:29-35. [PMID: 30430979 PMCID: PMC6329354 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the Fogarty International Center-supported "Mentoring the Mentors" workshops in South America, Africa, and Asia, approaches and guidelines for mentorship at institutions within these low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts, appropriate for the respective regional resources and culture, were implemented. Through the presentation of case studies from these three geographic regions, this article illustrates the institutional mentorship infrastructure before the workshop and the identified gaps used to implement strategies to build mentorship capacity at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Peru), Kenya Medical Research Institute (Kenya), Saint John's Research Institute (India), and Eduardo Mondlane University (Mozambique). These case studies illustrate three findings: first, that mentorship programs in LMICs have made uneven progress, and institutions with existing programs have exhibited greater advancement to their mentoring capacity than institutions without formal programs before the workshops. Second, mentoring needs assessments help garner the support of institutional leadership and create local ownership. Third, developing a culture of mentorship that includes group mentoring activities at LMIC institutions can help overcome the shortage of trained mentors. Regardless of the stage of mentoring programs, LMIC institutions can work toward developing sustainable, culturally effective mentorship models that further the partnership of early career scientists and global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pamela Williams
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Tony Raj
- St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Elizabeth A. Bukusi
- Research Care Training Program, Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Departments of Global Health and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Craig R. Cohen
- University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, California
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Winkfield KM, Flowers CR, Mitchell EP. Making the Case for Improving Oncology Workforce Diversity. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 37:18-22. [PMID: 28561643 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Winkfield
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
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Walensky RP, Kim Y, Chang Y, Porneala BC, Bristol MN, Armstrong K, Campbell EG. The impact of active mentorship: results from a survey of faculty in the Department of Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:108. [PMID: 29751796 PMCID: PMC5948924 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess mentorship experiences among the faculty of a large academic department of medicine and to examine how those experiences relate to academic advancement and job satisfaction. METHODS Among faculty members in the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, we assessed personal and professional characteristics as well as job satisfaction and examined their relationship with two mentorship dimensions: (1) currently have a mentor and (2) role as a mentor. We also developed a mentorship quality score and examined the relationship of each mentorship variable to academic advancement and job satisfaction. RESULTS 553/988 (56.0%) of eligible participants responded. 64.9% reported currently having a mentor, of whom 21.3% provided their mentor a low quality score; 66.6% reported serving as a mentor to others. Faculty with a current mentor had a 3.50-fold increased odds of serving as a mentor to others (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.84-6.67, p < 0.001). Faculty who reported their mentorship as high quality had a decreased likelihood of being stalled in rank (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10-0.78, p = 0.02) and an increased likelihood of high job satisfaction (OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.77-8.63, p < 0.001) compared with those who reported their mentorship of low quality; further, having a low mentorship score had a similar relationship to job satisfaction as not having a mentor. CONCLUSIONS A majority of faculty survey respondents had mentorship, though not all of it of high caliber. Because quality mentorship significantly and substantially impacts both academic progress and job satisfaction, efforts devoted to improve the adoption and the quality of mentorship should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle P. Walensky
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th floor, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Younji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yuchiao Chang
- General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bianca C. Porneala
- General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mirar N. Bristol
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Katrina Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric G. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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27
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Hilsabeck RC. Comparing mentorship and sponsorship in clinical neuropsychology. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:284-299. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1406142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Hilsabeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Central Nervous System (CNS) Business Unit, INC Research/inVentiv Health, Austin, TX, USA
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Ogdie A, Sparks JA, Angeles-Han ST, Bush K, Castelino FV, Golding A, Jiang Y, Kahlenberg JM, Kim AHJ, Lee YC, Machireddy K, Ombrello MJ, Shah AA, Wallace ZS, Nigrovic PA, Makris UE. Barriers and Facilitators of Mentoring for Trainees and Early Career Investigators in Rheumatology Research: Current State, Identification of Needs, and Road Map to an Inter-Institutional Adult Rheumatology Mentoring Program. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:445-453. [PMID: 28544766 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine perceived barriers and facilitators to effective mentoring for early career rheumatology investigators and to develop a framework for an inter-institutional mentoring program. METHODS Focus groups or interviews with rheumatology fellows, junior faculty, and mentors were conducted, audiorecorded, and transcribed. Content analysis was performed using NVivo software. Themes were grouped into categories (e.g., mentor-mentee relationship, barriers, and facilitators of a productive relationship). Rheumatology fellows and early career investigators were also surveyed nationwide to identify specific needs to be addressed through an inter-institutional mentoring program. RESULTS Twenty-five individuals participated in focus groups or interviews. Attributes of the ideal mentee-mentor relationship included communication, accessibility, regular meetings, shared interests, aligned goals, and mutual respect. The mentee should be proactive, efficient, engaged, committed, focused, accountable, and respectful of the mentor's time. The mentor should support/promote the mentee, shape the mentee's goals and career plan, address day-to-day questions, provide critical feedback, be available, and have team leadership skills. Barriers included difficulty with career path navigation, gaining independence, internal competition, authorship, time demands, funding, and work-life balance. Facilitators of a successful relationship included having a diverse network of mentors filling different roles, mentor-mentee relationship management, and confidence. Among 187 survey respondents, the primary uses of an inter-institutional mentoring program were career development planning and oversight, goal-setting, and networking. CONCLUSIONS In this mixed-methods study, tangible factors for optimizing the mentor-mentee relationship were identified and will inform the development of an adult rheumatology inter-institutional mentoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ogdie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheila T Angeles-Han
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathleen Bush
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Yihui Jiang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Alfred H J Kim
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yvonne C Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirthi Machireddy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael J Ombrello
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ami A Shah
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Una E Makris
- VA North Texas Health System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas
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Hall AK, Mills SL, Lund PK. Clinician-Investigator Training and the Need to Pilot New Approaches to Recruiting and Retaining This Workforce. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:1382-1389. [PMID: 28767499 PMCID: PMC5625951 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinician-investigators, also called physician-scientists, offer critical knowledge and perspectives that benefit research on basic science mechanisms, improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, population and outcomes medicine, health policy, and health services, yet few clinically trained health professionals pursue a research career. Sustaining this workforce requires attention to the unique challenges faced by investigators who must achieve clinical and research competence during training and their careers. These challenges include the duration of required clinical training, limited or discontinuous research opportunities, high levels of educational debt, balancing the dual obligations and rewards of clinical care and research, competition for research funding, and the need for leadership development after training. Women and individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups comprise a small percentage of this workforce.The authors summarize the recent literature on training for clinician-investigators, emphasizing approaches with encouraging outcomes that warrant broader implementation. Using this overview as background, they convened three workshops at the National Institutes of Health in 2016 to identify and refine key priorities for potential new pilot programs to recruit and retain the clinician-investigator workforce. From these workshops emerged three priorities for future pilot programs: (1) support for research in residency, (2) new research on-ramps for health professionals at multiple career stages, and (3) national networks to diversify and sustain clinician-investigator faculty. Implementation of any pilot program will require coordinated commitment from academic health centers, medical licensing/certification boards, professional societies, and clinician-investigators themselves, in addition to support from the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Hall
- A.K. Hall was deputy director, Division of Training, Workforce Development, and Diversity, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, at the time this work was completed. She is now associate dean of research workforce development, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC. S.L. Mills is director, Office of Extramural Programs, Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. P.K. Lund is director, Division of Biomedical Research Workforce, Office of Extramural Programs, Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Baldwin JA, Williamson HJ, Eaves ER, Levin BL, Burton DL, Massey OT. Broadening measures of success: results of a behavioral health translational research training program. Implement Sci 2017; 12:92. [PMID: 28738825 PMCID: PMC5525239 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While some research training programs have considered the importance of mentoring in inspiring professionals to engage in translational research, most evaluations emphasize outcomes specific to academic productivity as primary measures of training program success. The impact of such training or mentoring programs on stakeholders and local community organizations engaged in translational research efforts has received little attention. The purpose of this evaluation is to explore outcomes other than traditional academic productivity in a translational research graduate certificate program designed to pair graduate students and behavioral health professionals in collaborative service-learning projects. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews with scholars, community mentors, and academic mentors were conducted regarding a translational research program to identify programmatic impacts. Interviews were transcribed and coded by the research team to identify salient themes related to programmatic outcomes. Results Results are framed using the Translational Research Impact Scale which is organized into three overarching domains of potential impact: (1) research-related impacts, (2) translational impacts, and (3) societal impacts. This evaluation demonstrates the program’s impact in all three domains of the TRIS evaluation framework. Graduate certificate participants (scholars) reported that gaining experience in applied behavioral health settings added useful skills and expertise to their present careers and increased their interest in pursuing translational research. Scholars also described benefits resulting from networks gained through participation in the program, including valuable ties between the university and community behavioral health organizations. Conclusions This evaluation of the outcomes of a graduate certificate program providing training in translational research highlights the need for more community-oriented and practice-based measures of success. Encouraging practitioner involvement in translational research is vital to translate knowledge into practice and to enable practice-based needs to inform research and policy. A more flexible approach to measuring programmatic success in research training programs can help bridge the knowledge translation gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Baldwin
- Northern Arizona University College of Health and Human Services, Center for Health Equity Research, 1395 S. Knoles Dr., #4065, ARD Building, Suite 140, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| | - Heather J Williamson
- Northern Arizona University College of Health and Human Services, Center for Health Equity Research, 1395 S. Knoles Dr., #4065, ARD Building, Suite 140, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University College of Health and Human Services, 435 N 5th Street, Health Sciences Education Building, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Emery R Eaves
- Northern Arizona University College of Health and Human Services, Center for Health Equity Research, 1395 S. Knoles Dr., #4065, ARD Building, Suite 140, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Bruce L Levin
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2321, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Community & Family Health, University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Donna L Burton
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2321, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Oliver T Massey
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2321, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Wilkes M, Feldman MD. Mentoring clinical trainees: a need for high touch. Lancet 2017; 389:135-137. [PMID: 28102126 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilkes
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Lewis V, Martina CA, McDermott MP, Chaudron L, Trief PM, LaGuardia JG, Sharp D, Goodman SR, Morse GD, Ryan RM. Mentoring Interventions for Underrepresented Scholars in Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences: Effects on Quality of Mentoring Interactions and Discussions. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2017; 16:16/3/ar44. [PMID: 28747354 PMCID: PMC5589424 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.16-07-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mentors rarely receive education about the unique needs of underrepresented scholars in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. We hypothesized that mentor-training and peer-mentoring interventions for these scholars would enrich the perceived quality and breadth of discussions between mentor-protégé dyads (i.e., mentor-protégé pairs). Our multicenter, randomized study of 150 underrepresented scholar-mentor dyads compared: 1) mentor training, 2) protégé peer mentoring, 3) combined mentor training and peer mentoring, and 4) a control condition (i.e., usual practice of mentoring). In this secondary analysis, the outcome variables were quality of dyad time and breadth of their discussions. Protégé participants were graduate students, fellows, and junior faculty in behavioral and biomedical research and healthcare. Dyads with mentor training were more likely than those without mentor training to have discussed teaching and work-life balance. Dyads with peer mentoring were more likely than those without peer mentoring to have discussed clinical care and career plans. The combined intervention dyads were more likely than controls to perceive that the quality of their time together was good/excellent. Our study supports the value of these mentoring interventions to enhance the breadth of dyad discussions and quality of time together, both important components of a good mentoring relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Camille A Martina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | | | - Linda Chaudron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Paula M Trief
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Jennifer G LaGuardia
- Counseling & Psychological Services, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Daryl Sharp
- University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester NY 14642
| | - Steven R Goodman
- **Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Gene D Morse
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Department of Clinical and Social Science in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
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Hussain Shah M, Bin Othman AR, Bin Mansor MN. Mentoring and Organizational Performance: A Review of Effects of Mentoring on Small and Medium Enterprises. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL REVIEW IN EMERGING ECONOMIES 2016; 2:143-158. [DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v2i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Mentoring has gained substantial attention in small and medium enterprises in recent years due to its high impact on business performance. Several studies have delineated the impact of mentoring on small and medium enterprises and found mentoring is helpful for improving organizational performance and transferring information from experienced entrepreneurs to inexperienced or les experienced entrepreneurs which leads to higher productivity of organization, better job satisfaction, and retention of workers. This study reviews the literature of mentoring and the components of mentoring. Findings of the study depict that mentoring has a positive impact on business performance. Moreover, the results also implicate significant decision-making suggestions for SMEs that improved business performance can be achieved by enabling efficient mentoring programs. These programs would benefits employee as well as the organization. Mentoring programs not only increase the value of employees but also the effectiveness of the business.
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Zea MC, Bowleg L. The Final Frontier-Transitions and Sustainability: From Mentored to Independent Research. AIDS Behav 2016; 20 Suppl 2:311-7. [PMID: 27007125 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A recurrent theme in much of the contemporary HIV behavioral and social science research is that ecological approaches that acknowledge the interplay of structural, institutional, and individual-level factors are essential to improve HIV prevention efforts in racial/ethnic minority communities. Similarly, an ecological approach provides an innovative framework for understanding the challenges that many racial/ethnic minority HIV prevention researchers face in their quest to transition from mentored researcher to independent researchers. Informed by an ecological framework, and building on our experiences as two racial/ethnic minority women HIV prevention researchers who transitioned from a formal research mentorship relationship to become independent HIV prevention researchers-principal investigators of NIH-funded R01 grants-, we frame our discussion of the mentored to independence research trajectory with a focus on structural, institutional, and individual determinants. Throughout, we integrate suggestions for how institutions, mentors, and HIV prevention researchers can facilitate the final frontier from mentored research to independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Zea
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Wahington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Lisa Bowleg
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Wahington, DC, 20052, USA
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Abstract
Given the diversity of those affected by HIV, increasing diversity in the HIV biomedical research workforce is imperative. A growing body of empirical and experimental evidence supports the importance of strong mentorship in the development and success of trainees and early career investigators in academic research settings, especially for mentees of diversity. Often missing from this discussion is the need for robust mentoring training programs to ensure that mentors are trained in best practices on the tools and techniques of mentoring. Recent experimental evidence shows improvement in mentor and mentee perceptions of mentor competency after structured and formalized training on best practices in mentoring. We developed a 2-day "Mentoring the Mentors" workshop at UCSF to train mid-level and senior HIV researchers from around the country [recruited mainly from Centers for AIDS Research (CFARs)] on best practices, tools and techniques of effective mentoring. The workshop content was designed using principles of Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and included training specifically geared towards working with early career investigators from underrepresented groups, including sessions on unconscious bias, microaggressions, and diversity supplements. The workshop has been held three times (September 2012, October 2013 and May 2015) with plans for annual training. Mentoring competency was measured using a validated tool before and after each workshop. Mentoring competency skills in six domains of mentoring-specifically effective communication, aligning expectations, assessing understanding, fostering independence, addressing diversity and promoting development-all improved as assessed by a validated measurement tool for participants pre- and -post the "Mentoring the Mentors" training workshops. Qualitative assessments indicated a greater awareness of the micro-insults and unconscious bias experienced by mentees of diversity and a commitment to improve awareness and mitigate these effects via the mentor-mentee relationship. Our "Mentoring the Mentors" workshop for HIV researchers/mentors offers a formal and structured curriculum on best practices, tools and techniques of effective mentoring, and methods to mitigate unconscious bias in the mentoring relationship. We found quantitative and qualitative improvements in mentoring skills as assessed by self-report by participants after each workshop and plan additional programs with longitudinal longer-term assessments focused on objective mentee outcomes (grants, papers, academic retention). Mentoring training can improve mentoring skills and is likely to improve outcomes for optimally-mentored mentees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gandhi
- HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Mallory Johnson
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Williams SN, Thakore BK, McGee R. Coaching to Augment Mentoring to Achieve Faculty Diversity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2016; 91:1128-35. [PMID: 26675187 PMCID: PMC4909583 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Academy for Future Science Faculty (the Academy) is a novel coaching intervention for biomedical PhD students designed to address limitations in previous efforts to promote faculty diversity. Unlike traditional research mentoring, the Academy includes both group and individual coaching, coaches have no research or evaluation roles with the students, and it is based on social science theories. The authors present a qualitative case study of one of the coaching groups and provide statistical analyses indicating whether one year in the Academy effects students' perceptions of the achievability and desirability of an academic career. METHOD The authors tested (July 2012-July 2013), with Northwestern University ethical approval, the Academy via a longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Participants were 121 latter-stage biomedical PhD students. The authors collected data via questionnaires, interviews, and meeting recordings. RESULTS The case study shows how group career coaching can effectively supplement traditional one-to-one research mentoring; provide new role models for underrepresented minority students; and provide theory-based lenses through which to engage in open conversations about race, gender, and science careers. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that perceived achievability increased in the Academy group from baseline to one-year follow-up (mean, 5.75 versus 6.39) but decreased in the control group (6.58 versus 5.81). Perceived desirability decreased significantly less (P < .05) in the Academy group (7.00 versus 6.36) than in the control group (7.83 versus 5.97). CONCLUSIONS Early results suggest that an academic career coaching model can effectively supplement traditional research mentoring and promote persistence toward academic careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Williams
- S.N. Williams is research assistant professor, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. B.K. Thakore is research associate, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. R. McGee is associate dean of faculty recruitment and professional development and professor of medical education, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Lau C, Ford J, Van Lieshout RJ, Saperson K, McConnell M, McCabe R. Developing Mentoring Competency: Does a One Session Training Workshop Have Impact? ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2016; 40:429-433. [PMID: 27068545 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-016-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mentorship remains vital to the career development, research productivity, and professional advancement of healthcare professionals in all disciplines of academic medicine. Recent studies describe mentor training initiatives aimed at increasing mentoring competency through multisession training curricula. Although the published results of these programs are promising, they require the following: (1) substantial financial resources from the institution, and (2) continuous participation and time commitment from faculty, which may reduce participation and effectiveness. METHOD A single, half-day of evidence-based mentor training would represent a more cost-effective and accessible option for educating mentors. The present study investigates the impact of a half-day interactive mentor training workshop on mentoring competency in faculty, staff, and trainees of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences at McMaster University. RESULTS Overall, participants' self-reported mentoring competency mean scores were significantly higher post-workshop compared to pre-workshop ratings [mean = 4.48 vs. 5.02 pre- and post-workshop, respectively; F(1, 31) = 18.386, P < 0.001, η p2 = 0.37]. Survey respondents gave positive feedback and reported greater understanding of mentorship and specific mentoring changes they planned to apply after attending the workshop. CONCLUSION Academic and healthcare institutions may use this framework to guide the development of a half-day mentoring workshop into their education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Dermatology's Researchers of the Future: Our Workforce Pipeline and Richest Opportunities. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:345-348. [PMID: 26802229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Begg MD, Bennett LM, Cicutto L, Gadlin H, Moss M, Tentler J, Schoenbaum E. Graduate Education for the Future: New Models and Methods for the Clinical and Translational Workforce. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:787-92. [PMID: 26643714 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is the third in a five-part series on the clinical and translational science educational pipeline, and it focuses on strategies for enhancing graduate research education to improve skills for interdisciplinary team science. Although some of the most cutting edge science takes place at the borders between disciplines, it is widely perceived that advancements in clinical and translational science are hindered by the "siloed" efforts of researchers who are comfortable working in their separate domains, and reluctant to stray from their own discipline when conducting research. Without appropriate preparation for career success as members and leaders of interdisciplinary teams, talented scientists may choose to remain siloed or to leave careers in clinical and translational science all together, weakening the pipeline and depleting the future biomedical research workforce. To address this threat, it is critical to begin at what is perhaps the most formative moment for academics: graduate training. This paper focuses on designs for graduate education, and contrasts the methods and outcomes from traditional educational approaches with those skills perceived as essential for the workforce of the future, including the capacity for research collaboration that crosses disciplinary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Begg
- Office of the Provost, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - L Michelle Bennett
- Center for Research Strategy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Cicutto
- Clinical Science Program, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Howard Gadlin
- Office of the Ombudsman, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Moss
- Colorado CTSI Education, Training, and Career Development Pillar, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John Tentler
- TL1 Program, Colorado CTSI Education, Training, and Career Development Pillar, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ellie Schoenbaum
- Clinical Research Training Program, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Salci LE, Perrier MJ, Ginis S, Martin Ginis KA. Active Living Leaders Training Program for adults with spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:662-9. [PMID: 26481706 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental pre-post design with 6-month follow-up. OBJECTIVES Active Living Leaders Training Program (ALLTP) equips individuals with knowledge and skills to encourage those with spinal cord injury (SCI) to increase their leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The purpose of this pilot study was to, first, (i) evaluate participants' perceptions of the relevance/usefulness of ALLTP material/presentation, (ii) examine changes in participants' self-efficacy to promote LTPA, (iii) identify program components associated with greater self-efficacy and, second, measure participants' use of ALLTP skills and resources over the subsequent 6 months. SETTING Canada. METHODS Six SCI fitness trainers and six adults with SCI completed the three sections of ALLTP and, after each section, provided feedback. Six months later, participants' use of resources and skills was assessed. Means, standard deviations, repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson's correlations were computed. RESULTS Relevance/usefulness of the program was rated favorably. Self-efficacy to speak about and encourage LTPA remained high throughout the ALLTP and was positively correlated with the relevance/usefulness of program content and presentation. At follow-up, participants had discussed LTPA with an average of seven people with disabilities and reported using at least one skill and resource from the ALLTP during those discussions. CONCLUSIONS Users had positive perceptions of ALLTP and reported using the training to promote LTPA to others with disabilities. Participant feedback has been used to improve ALLTP. ALLTP can now be used to train people with SCI and SCI fitness trainers to promote LTPA to others with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Salci
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Perrier
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Ginis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K A Martin Ginis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Yin HL, Gabrilove J, Jackson R, Sweeney C, Fair AM, Toto R. Sustaining the Clinical and Translational Research Workforce: Training and Empowering the Next Generation of Investigators. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2015; 90:861-5. [PMID: 26414054 PMCID: PMC4587496 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting concern that clinician-scientists are a vanishing species and that the pipeline for clinical and translational research (CTR) investigators is in jeopardy. For the majority of current junior CTR investigators, the career path involves first obtaining a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded K-type career development award, particularly K08 and K23, and subsequently an NIH R01. This transition, popularly referred to as K2R, is a major hurdle with a low success rate and gaps in funding. In this Perspective, the authors identify factors that facilitate K2R transition and important aspects of increasing and sustaining the pipeline of CTR investigators. They also highlight significant differences in success rates of women and those underrepresented in biomedical research. Early career exposure to research methodology, protected time, multidisciplinary mentoring, and institutional "culture shift" are important for fostering and rewarding team science. Mentoring is the single most important contributor to K2R success, and emerging evidence suggests that formal mentor training and team mentoring are effective. Leadership training can empower junior investigators to thrive as independent CTR investigators. Future research should focus on delineating the difference between essential and supplemental factors to achieve this transition, and mentoring methods that foster success, including those that promote K2R transition of women and those underrepresented in biomedical research. The Clinical and Translational Science Awards National Consortium is well positioned to test existing models aimed at shortening the time frame, increasing the rate of K2R transition, and identifying strategies that improve success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Yin
- H.L. Yin is professor of physiology, codirector, Education Career Development Program, Center for Translational Medicine, and associate dean, Office of Women's Careers, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. J. Gabrilove is professor of medicine and oncological services, director, Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Program, director, Clinical Research Education Programs, and codirector, KL2 Scholars and MD/MSCR Programs, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. R. Jackson is professor of medicine, associate dean for clinical research, and director, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. C. Sweeney is associate professor of internal medicine and codirector, Research Education, Training, and Career Development, Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. A.M. Fair is research services consultant II, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. R. Toto is professor of internal medicine, codirector, Education Career Development Program, and principal investigator, Clinical Translational Science Award, Center for Translational Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Don W Powell
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Gandhi M, Fernandez A, Stoff DM, Narahari S, Blank M, Fuchs J, Evans CH, Kahn JS, Johnson MO. Development and implementation of a workshop to enhance the effectiveness of mentors working with diverse mentees in HIV research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:730-7. [PMID: 24735004 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of competent mentoring in academic research in the field of HIV, particularly for early stage investigators from diverse, underrepresented backgrounds. We describe the development and implementation of a 2-day intensive workshop to train mid-level and senior-level investigators conducting HIV-related clinical and translational research across multiple academic institutions on more effective mentoring, with an emphasis on techniques to foster mentees of diversity. The workshop was focused on training mentors in techniques designed to improve the effectiveness of the mentor-mentee relationship, and included didactic presentations, interactive discussions, and small-group problem-based learning activities. Mid-level or senior-level faculty involved or planning to be involved in significant mentorship activities related to HIV research were eligible. Surveys and formal actions plans allowed for workshop evaluation and laid the groundwork for subsequent workshops. Twenty-six faculty from 16 U.S.-based institutions participated, with good representation across discipline, gender, and race/ethnicity. The sessions were highly rated and discussions and evaluations revealed important barriers and facilitators to mentoring, challenges and solutions related to mentoring mentees from diverse backgrounds, and specific tools to enhance mentoring effectiveness. The Mentoring the Mentors training program for HIV researchers focusing on early career investigators of diversity was the first of its kind and was well attended, was rated highly, and provided guidance for improving the program in the future. This training program fills an important gap in the HIV researcher community and offers guidance for training mentors interested in diversity issues in settings outside of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - David M. Stoff
- Division of AIDS Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Blank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California
| | | | - James S. Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mallory O. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
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Pfund C, House SC, Asquith P, Fleming MF, Buhr KA, Burnham EL, Eichenberger Gilmore JM, Huskins WC, McGee R, Schurr K, Shapiro ED, Spencer KC, Sorkness CA. Training mentors of clinical and translational research scholars: a randomized controlled trial. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2014; 89:774-82. [PMID: 24667509 PMCID: PMC4121731 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a structured mentoring curriculum improves research mentoring skills. METHOD The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) at 16 academic health centers (June 2010 to July 2011). Faculty mentors of trainees who were conducting clinical/translational research ≥50% of the time were eligible. The intervention was an eight-hour, case-based curriculum focused on six mentoring competencies. The primary outcome was the change in mentors' self-reported pretest to posttest composite scores on the Mentoring Competency Assessment (MCA). Secondary outcomes included changes in the following: mentors' awareness as measured by their self-reported retrospective change in MCA scores, mentees' ratings of their mentors' competency as measured by MCA scores, and mentoring behaviors as reported by mentors and their mentees. RESULTS A total of 283 mentor-mentee pairs were enrolled: 144 mentors were randomized to the intervention; 139 to the control condition. Self-reported pre-/posttest change in MCA composite scores was higher for mentors in the intervention group compared with controls (P < .001). Retrospective changes in MCA composite scores between the two groups were even greater, and extended to all six subscale scores (P < .001). More intervention-group mentors reported changes in their mentoring practices than control mentors (P < .001). Mentees working with intervention-group mentors reported larger changes in retrospective MCA pre-/posttest scores (P = .003) and more changes in their mentors' behavior (P = .002) than those paired with control mentors. CONCLUSIONS This RCT demonstrates that a competency-based research mentor training program can improve mentors' skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pfund
- Dr. Pfund is researcher, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Ms. House is research project director, Research Education and Career Development, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Asquith is administrative director, Research Education and Career Development, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Fleming is interim chair, Department of Family and Community Medicine, and professor, Family and Community Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Buhr is associate scientist, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Burnham is associate professor, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado. Dr. Gilmore is associate administrator, Education, Preventive and Community Dentistry, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Dr. Huskins is professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. McGee is professor of medical education and faculty development and associate dean for faculty recruitment and professional development, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Ms. Schurr is assistant researcher, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Shapiro is professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Investigative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Ms. Spencer is research specialist, Research Education and Career Development, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Sorkness is professor, School of Pharmacy and School of Medic
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Wides C, Mertz E, Lindstaedt B, Brown J. Building leadership among laboratory-based and clinical and translational researchers: the University of California, San Francisco experience. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:69-73. [PMID: 24405661 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2005 the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) implemented the Scientific Leadership and Management (SLM) course, a 2-day leadership training program to assist laboratory-based postdoctoral scholars in their transition to independent researchers managing their own research programs. In 2011, the course was expanded to clinical and translational junior faculty and fellows. The course enrollment was increased from approximate 100 to 123 participants at the same time. Based on course evaluations, the number and percent of women participants appears to have increased over time from 40% (n = 33) in 2007 to 53% (n = 58) in 2011. Course evaluations also indicated that participants found the course to be relevant and valuable in their transition to academic leadership. This paper describes the background, structure, and content of the SLM and reports on participant evaluations of the course offerings from 2007 through 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Wides
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
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Fornari A, Murray TS, Menzin AW, Woo VA, Clifton M, Lombardi M, Shelov S. Mentoring program design and implementation in new medical schools. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2014; 19:24570. [PMID: 24962112 PMCID: PMC4069409 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v19.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mentoring is considered a valuable component of undergraduate medical education with a variety of programs at established medical schools. This study presents how new medical schools have set up mentoring programs as they have developed their curricula. METHODS Administrators from 14 US medical schools established since 2006 were surveyed regarding the structure and implementation of their mentoring programs. RESULTS The majority of new medical schools had mentoring programs that varied in structure and implementation. Although the programs were viewed as valuable at each institution, challenges when creating and implementing mentoring programs in new medical schools included time constraints for faculty and students, and lack of financial and professional incentives for faculty. CONCLUSIONS Similar to established medical schools, there was little uniformity among mentoring programs at new medical schools, likely reflecting differences in curriculum and program goals. Outcome measures are needed to determine whether a best practice for mentoring can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fornari
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA;
| | - Thomas S Murray
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew W Menzin
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Vivian A Woo
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Maurice Clifton
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven Shelov
- Winthrop University Hospital, Regional Campus for Stony Brook School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
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Barnoya J, Monzon JC, Colditz GA. Increasing chronic disease research capacity in Guatemala through a mentoring program. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2013; 104:e427-32. [PMID: 24183187 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Chronic Disease Research Fellowship Program (RFP) aims to build the research capacity of recent medical graduates to support the development of chronic disease control strategies. SETTING Guatemala is undergoing an epidemiologic transition. However, given the way universities and the health care system are structured, it lacks an environment that fosters research careers and generates the required knowledge to implement sound public health policies and clinical strategies. The RFP was implemented at the Cardiovascular Unit of Guatemala. INTERVENTION This 4-year Program recruited two one-year fellows and provided funding to define a research topic, write a protocol and implement the research. Strong emphasis is placed on developing skills in knowledge translation and exchange to bridge the "know-do" gap. Close mentoring relationships between the Principal Investigator and former and current fellows are fostered through the Program. OUTCOMES The mentoring Program has generated strategic data to support the implementation of sound chronic disease control strategies, mainly related to tobacco control. Results have been presented nationally and internationally. Research training has included principles of biostatistics and epidemiology, and a journal club. The Program is increasingly generating interest among medical graduates to pursue further research training abroad and is building local research capacity. Fellows and research assistants have created a research network in Guatemala and abroad. The main obstacle the Program faces is ensuring long-term sustainability. CONCLUSIONS A mentoring program can lead to an increase in research interest and capacity in a low-income country with little research infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Barnoya
- Unidad de Cirugia Cardiovascular de Guatemala and Washington University in St. Louis.
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Abedin Z, Rebello TJ, Richards BF, Pincus HA. Mentor training within academic health centers with Clinical and Translational Science Awards. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:376-80. [PMID: 24127925 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies highlight the benefits of effective mentoring in academic medicine. Thus, we sought to quantify and characterize the mentoring practices at academic health centers (AHCs) with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). Here we report findings pertaining specifically to mentor training at the level of the KL2 mentored award program, and at the broader institutional level. We found only four AHCs did not provide any form of training. One-time orientation was most prevalent at the KL2 level, whereas formal face-to-face training was most prevalent at the institutional level. Despite differences in format usage, there was general consensus at both the KL2 and institutional level about the topics of focus of face-to-face training sessions. Lower-resource training formats utilized at the KL2 level may reveal a preference for preselection of qualified mentors, while institutional selection of resource-heavy formats may be an attempt to raise the mentoring qualifications of the academic community as a whole. The present work fits into the expanding landscape of academic mentoring literature and sets the framework for future longitudinal, outcome studies focused on identifying the most efficient strategies to develop effective mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Abedin
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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