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Yan X, An F, Ding Z, Ma D, Yang X. Study on the relationship between Methylation of Neuregulin (NRG) Gene and Cervical Carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1207-1213. [PMID: 38952532 PMCID: PMC11190413 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.6.7859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between the DNA methylation state of NRG1 promoter and its expression changes, and to analyze the clinical significance of its regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation in cervical carcinoma. Methods This was a retrospective study. One-hundred and twenty patients from the Department of Gynecology of Cangzhou People's Hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 were selected, including 40 cases of cervical SCC, 40 cases of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSIL) and 40 cases of control cervical tissues. RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and DNA methylation-specific PCR(MSP) were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of NRG1 and DNA methylation status in different tissue types. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive protein expression rate of NRG1 gene in the SCC group was lower than that in both HSIL and Control groups. RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA gene of NRG1 gradually decreased in expression with the increase of cervical tissue lesions, with a statistically significant difference. Similarly, it also found that the mRNA expression level of NRG1 in the SCC group was independent of patients' age (p>0.05), but significantly correlated with tumor pathological staging, surgical pathology staging and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05). Furthermore, methylation-specific PCR results revealed a significantly higher DNA methylation rate of NRG1 gene in the SCC group than in both HSIL and Control groups, with a statistically significant difference. Moreover, the methylation degree of NRG1 gene in SCC tissues was negatively correlated with its mRNA expression (p<0.05). Conclusions Abnormal DNA hypermethylation of NRG1 gene inhibits the expression of mRNA and protein in the progression of cervical tissue from normal to cancerous state, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhao Yan
- Xizhao Yan, Department of Gynaecology, Cangzhou People’s Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Fenglan An
- Fenglan An, Radiation and Chemotherapy Division, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Hebei, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ding
- Zhenzhen Ding, Department of Gynaecology, Cangzhou People’s Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Dong Ma, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Xiaohui Yang, Science and Technology Experimental Center, Cangzhou Medical College, Hebei, China, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
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Ozerov MY, Noreikiene K, Kahar S, Flajšhans M, Gross R, Vasemägi A. Differential expression and alternative splicing analyses of multiple tissues reveal albinism-associated genes in the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110941. [PMID: 38218377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Albinism is a widespread departure from a typical body colouration due to altered melanin production. The Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) is among the largest freshwater fish species in the world, and albino individuals occur both in the wild and in aquaculture. Here, we performed transcriptome-wide analysis of albino and normally pigmented S. glanis using four tissues (skin, dorsal fin, whole eye and liver) to identify genes associated with albinism by exploring patterns of differential expression (DE) and differential alternative splicing (DAS). Multi-tissue analyses revealed a large number of genes in skin (n = 1355) and fin (n = 614) tissue associated with the albino phenotype in S. glanis, while the number of DE genes in eye and liver tissues was lower (n = 188, n = 189, respectively). Several DE genes across multiple tissues were detected as the most promising candidates (e.g., hsp4, hsp90b1, raph1, uqcrfs1, adcy-family and wnt-family) potentially causally linked to the albino phenotype in Wels catfish. Moreover, our findings supported earlier observations of physiological differences between albino and normally pigmented individuals, particularly in energy metabolism and immune response. In contrast, there were only a few pigmentation-related genes observed among DAS genes (4 in skin, 2 in fin), the overlap between DAS and DE genes was low (n = 25) and did not include known pigmentation-related genes. This suggests that DAS and DE in Wels catfish are, to a large extent, independent processes, and the observed alternative splicing cases are probably not causally linked with albinism in S. glanis. This work provides the first transcriptome-wide multi-tissue insights into the albinism of Wels catfish and serves as a valuable resource for further understanding the genetic mechanisms of pigmentation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ozerov
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - K Noreikiene
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Botany and Genetics, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania. https://twitter.com/snaudale
| | - S Kahar
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Flajšhans
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R Gross
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Vasemägi
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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Wang J, Fan T, Du Z, Xu L, Chen Y, Zhang L, Gao H, Li J, Ma Y, Gao X. Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies the PMEL Gene Affecting Coat Color and Birth Weight in Simmental × Holstein. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3821. [PMID: 38136858 PMCID: PMC10740715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat color and birth weight, as easily selected traits in cattle, play important roles in cattle breeding. Therefore, we carried out a genome-wide association study on birth weight and coat color to identify loci or potential linkage regions in 233 Simmental × Holstein crossbred beef cattle. The results revealed that nine SNPs were significantly associated with coat color (rs137169378, rs110022687, rs136002689, Hypotrichosis_PMel17, PMEL_1, rs134930689, rs383170073, rs109924971, and rs109146332), and these were in RNF41, ZC3H10, ERBB3, PMEL, and OR10A7 on BTA5. Interestingly, rs137169378, rs110022687, rs136002689, Hypotrichosis_PMel17, and PMEL_1 showed strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) and were significantly associated with coat color. Notably, Hypotrichosis_PMel17 and PMEL_1 were located in the gene PMEL (p = 2.22 × 10-18). Among the five significant SNPs associated with coat color, the birth weight of heterozygous individuals (AB) was greater than that of homozygous individuals (AA). Notably, the birth weight of heterozygous individuals with Hypotrichosis_PMel17 and PMEL_1 genotypes was significantly greater than that of homozygous individuals (0.01 < p < 0.05). Interestingly, the two loci were homozygous in black/white individuals and heterozygous in gray/white individuals, and the birth weight of heterozygous brown/white individuals (43.82 ± 5.25 kg) was greater than that of homozygous individuals (42.58 ± 3.09 kg). The birth weight of calves with the parental color (41.95 ± 3.53 kg) was significantly lower than that of calves with a non-parental color (43.54 ± 4.78 kg) (p < 0.05), and the birth weight of gray/white individuals (49.40 ± 7.11 kg) was the highest. Overall, PMEL appears to be a candidate gene affecting coat color in cattle, and coat color may have a selective effect on birth weight. This study provides a foundation for the breeding of beef cattle through GWAS for coat color and birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingting Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhenwei Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Junya Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Yi Ma
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (T.F.); (Z.D.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
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Katkat E, Demirci Y, Heger G, Karagulle D, Papatheodorou I, Brazma A, Ozhan G. Canonical Wnt and TGF-β/BMP signaling enhance melanocyte regeneration but suppress invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of melanoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1297910. [PMID: 38020918 PMCID: PMC10679360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and develops from the melanocytes that are responsible for the pigmentation of the skin. The skin is also a highly regenerative organ, harboring a pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells that proliferate and differentiate into mature melanocytes during regenerative processes in the adult. Melanoma and melanocyte regeneration share remarkable cellular features, including activation of cell proliferation and migration. Yet, melanoma considerably differs from the regenerating melanocytes with respect to abnormal proliferation, invasive growth, and metastasis. Thus, it is likely that at the cellular level, melanoma resembles early stages of melanocyte regeneration with increased proliferation but separates from the later melanocyte regeneration stages due to reduced proliferation and enhanced differentiation. Here, by exploiting the zebrafish melanocytes that can efficiently regenerate and be induced to undergo malignant melanoma, we unravel the transcriptome profiles of the regenerating melanocytes during early and late regeneration and the melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Our global comparison of the gene expression profiles of melanocyte regeneration and nevi/melanoma uncovers the opposite regulation of a substantial number of genes related to Wnt signaling and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/(bone morphogenetic protein) BMP signaling pathways between regeneration and cancer. Functional activation of canonical Wnt or TGF-β/BMP pathways during melanocyte regeneration promoted melanocyte regeneration but potently suppressed the invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the opposite regulation of signaling mechanisms between melanocyte regeneration and melanoma can be exploited to stop tumor growth and develop new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Katkat
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Demirci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Doga Karagulle
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye
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5
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Shteinman ER, Vergara IA, Rawson RV, Lo SN, Maeda N, Koyama K, da Silva IP, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Wilmott JS, Menzies AM. Molecular and clinical correlates of HER3 expression highlights its potential role as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Pathology 2023:S0031-3025(23)00121-6. [PMID: 37286471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member HER3 (erbB3) has been implicated in several types of cancer and recently drugs targeting HER3 have shown promising clinical activity. In melanoma, HER3 overexpression has been linked to both metastasis formation and resistance to drug therapy in cell culture models. Here, we sought to characterise the expression of HER3 in 187 melanoma biopsies (149 cutaneous, 38 mucosal) using immunohistochemistry, as well as to analyse the association between HER3 expression and molecular, clinical and pathological variables. A subset of the cutaneous melanoma specimens was taken prior to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade therapy (pre-ICB) (n=79). HER3 expression (≥1+) was observed in 136 of 187 samples (∼73%). HER3 expression was found to be markedly lower in the mucosal melanomas, with 17 of the 38 tumours (∼45%) demonstrating no HER3 expression. In cutaneous melanomas, there was a negative association between HER3 expression and mutational load, a positive association with NRAS mutational status, and a trend of negative association with PD-L1 expression. In the pre-ICB cohort, an association was found between high HER3 expression (≥2+) and overall survival after anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. Overall, our results indicate that HER3 is a promising therapeutic avenue in cutaneous melanoma worthy of further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Shteinman
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert V Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Inês Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Samuel RM, Navickas A, Maynard A, Gaylord EA, Garcia K, Bhat S, Majd H, Richter MN, Elder N, Le D, Nguyen P, Shibata B, Llabata ML, Selleri L, Laird DJ, Darmanis S, Goodarzi H, Fattahi F. Generation of Schwann cell derived melanocytes from hPSCs identifies pro-metastatic factors in melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531220. [PMID: 36945537 PMCID: PMC10028814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is highly multipotent and generates diverse lineages in the developing embryo. However, spatiotemporally distinct NC populations display differences in fate potential, such as increased gliogenic and parasympathetic potential from later migrating, nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors (SCPs). Interestingly, while melanogenic potential is shared by both early migrating NC and SCPs, differences in melanocyte identity resulting from differentiation through these temporally distinct progenitors have not been determined. Here, we leverage a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) model of NC temporal patterning to comprehensively characterize human NC heterogeneity, fate bias, and lineage development. We captured the transition of NC differentiation between temporally and transcriptionally distinct melanogenic progenitors and identified modules of candidate transcription factor and signaling activity associated with this transition. For the first time, we established a protocol for the directed differentiation of melanocytes from hPSCs through a SCP intermediate, termed trajectory 2 (T2) melanocytes. Leveraging an existing protocol for differentiating early NC-derived melanocytes, termed trajectory 1 (T1), we performed the first comprehensive comparison of transcriptional and functional differences between these distinct melanocyte populations, revealing differences in pigmentation and unique expression of transcription factors, ligands, receptors and surface markers. We found a significant link between the T2 melanocyte transcriptional signature and decreased survival in melanoma patients in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). We performed an in vivo CRISPRi screen of T1 and T2 melanocyte signature genes in a human melanoma cell line and discovered several T2-specific markers that promote lung metastasis in mice. We further demonstrated that one of these factors, SNRPB, regulates the splicing of transcripts involved in metastasis relevant functions such as migration, cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, this study identifies distinct developmental trajectories as a source of diversity in melanocytes and implicates the unique molecular signature of SCP-derived melanocytes in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Samuel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Albertas Navickas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Current address: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, Orsay, France
| | - Ashley Maynard
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliza A. Gaylord
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kristle Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samyukta Bhat
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Homa Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mikayla N. Richter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas Elder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Le
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Phi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley Shibata
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marta Losa Llabata
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Current address: Caribou Biosciences, Berkley, CA 94710
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Diana J. Laird
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 serves as a novel therapeutic target for acral melanoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:54. [PMID: 36765036 PMCID: PMC9918519 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is a rare, life-threatening skin cancer. Since AM bears unique features, existing therapies for other types of malignant melanomas have limited effects and the establishment of effective treatments for AM is strongly desired. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is frequently elevated in tumors and contributes to tumor progression, so it is considered a promising therapeutic target for tumors. This study was established to evaluate the potential of HER3-targeted therapy to treat AM by investigating the expression and function of HER3. HER3 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in AM lesions of 72 patients and in AM cell lines. To investigate function of HER3, effects of HER3 inhibition on cell proliferation, apoptosis/survival, anchorage-independent growth, and underlying signals were assessed. HER3 was expressed in patients' AM tissues with various intensities and HER3 expression was significantly correlated with patient's disease-free survival. In vitro analyses revealed that HER3 is more highly expressed in AM cells than in normal epidermal melanocytes. AM cells were also shown to be sensitive to the cytotoxic part of a HER3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate. Inhibition of HER3 did not affect cell proliferation, whereas it decreased the anchorage-independent growth of AM cells likely through affecting the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein. It is implied that HER3 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for AM.
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Doepner M, Lee I, Natale CA, Brathwaite R, Venkat S, Kim SH, Wei Y, Vakoc CR, Capell BC, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Feigin ME, Ridky TW. Endogenous DOPA inhibits melanoma through suppression of CHRM1 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4007. [PMID: 36054350 PMCID: PMC10848963 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma risk is 30 times higher in people with lightly pigmented skin versus darkly pigmented skin. Using primary human melanocytes representing the full human skin pigment continuum and preclinical melanoma models, we show that cell-intrinsic differences between dark and light melanocytes regulate melanocyte proliferative capacity and susceptibility to malignant transformation, independent of melanin and ultraviolet exposure. These differences result from dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a melanin precursor synthesized at higher levels in melanocytes from darkly pigmented skin. We used both high-throughput pharmacologic and genetic in vivo CRISPR screens to determine that DOPA limits melanocyte and melanoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) signaling. Pharmacologic CHRM1 antagonism in melanoma leads to depletion of c-Myc and FOXM1, both of which are proliferation drivers associated with aggressive melanoma. In preclinical mouse melanoma models, pharmacologic inhibition of CHRM1 or FOXM1 inhibited tumor growth. CHRM1 and FOXM1 may be new therapeutic targets for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Doepner
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Natale
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick Brathwaite
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swati Venkat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Brian C. Capell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael E. Feigin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd W. Ridky
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Deng L, Pan Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Yuan K, Chen S, Lu D, Lu Y, Mokhtar SS, Rahman TA, Hoh BP, Xu S. Genetic connections and convergent evolution of tropical indigenous peoples in Asia. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6481554. [PMID: 34940850 PMCID: PMC8826522 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical indigenous peoples in Asia (TIA) attract much attention for their unique appearance, whereas their genetic history and adaptive evolution remain mysteries. We conducted a comprehensive study to characterize the genetic distinction and connection of broad geographical TIAs. Despite the diverse genetic makeup and large interarea genetic differentiation between the TIA groups, we identified a basal Asian ancestry (bASN) specifically shared by these populations. The bASN ancestry was relatively enriched in ancient Asian human genomes dated as early as ∼50,000 years before the present and diminished in more recent history. Notably, the bASN ancestry is unlikely to be derived from archaic hominins. Instead, we suggest it may be better modeled as a survived lineage of the initial peopling of Asia. Shared adaptations inherited from the ancient Asian ancestry were detected among the TIA groups (e.g., LIMS1 for hair morphology, and COL24A1 for bone formation), and they are enriched in neurological functions either at an identical locus (e.g., NKAIN3), or different loci in an identical gene (e.g., TENM4). The bASN ancestry could also have formed the substrate of the genetic architecture of the dark pigmentation observed in the TIA peoples. We hypothesize that phenotypic convergence of the dark pigmentation in TIAs could have resulted from parallel (e.g., DDB1/DAK) or genetic convergence driven by admixture (e.g., MTHFD1 and RAD18), new mutations (e.g., STK11), or notably purifying selection (e.g., MC1R). Our results provide new insights into the initial peopling of Asia and an advanced understanding of the phenotypic convergence of the TIA peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dongsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Siti Shuhada Mokhtar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thuhairah Abdul Rahman
- Clinical Pathology Diagnostic Centre Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Peng Hoh
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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10
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Li H, Yang L, Lai Y, Wang X, Han X, Liu S, Wang D, Li X, Hu N, Kong Y, Si L, Li Z. Genetic alteration of Chinese patients with rectal mucosal melanoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:623. [PMID: 34044811 PMCID: PMC8161925 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rectal mucosal melanoma (RMM) is a rare and highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of RMM, there are few studies focusing on its genetic mechanism. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the genetic spectrum and prognosis of RMM in China and lay a foundation for targeted therapy. Methods 36 patients with primary RMM from Peking University Cancer Hospital were enrolled in this study. The Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of the tumor samples were fitted into the TruSight™ Oncology 500 (TSO500) Docker pipeline to detect genomic variants. Then, the univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analysis were performed to evaluate the correlations of the variants with the overall survival (OS), along with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test to determine their significance. Results BRAF mutations, NRG1 deletions and mitotic index were significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis of the OS-related prognostic factors in primary RMM patients, it revealed 2 significant alterations: BRAF mutations [HR 7.732 (95%CI: 1.735–34.456), P = 0.007] and NRG1 deletions [HR 14.976 (95%CI: 2.305–97.300), P = 0.005]. Conclusions This is the first study to show genetic alterations exclusively to Chinese patients with RMM. We confirmed genetic alterations of RMM differ from cutaneous melanoma (CM). Our study indicates that BRAF and NRG1 were correlated with a poor prognostic of RMM and may be potential therapeutic targets for RMM treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08383-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, Peking, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, Peking, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, Peking, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Wang
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyin Han
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Hu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road No.52, Haidian District, Peking, 100142, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Monroe JD, Basheer F, Gibert Y. Xmrks the Spot: Fish Models for Investigating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Cancer Research. Cells 2021; 10:1132. [PMID: 34067095 PMCID: PMC8150686 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in several fish species, e.g., Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail) and Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) crosses, Oryzias latipes (medaka), and Danio rerio (zebrafish), have identified an oncogenic role for the receptor tyrosine kinase, Xmrk, a gene product closely related to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is associated with a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Comparative analyses of Xmrk and EGFR signal transduction in melanoma have shown that both utilize STAT5 signaling to regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation, PI3K to modulate apoptosis, FAK to control migration, and the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Further, Xmrk and EGFR may also modulate similar chemokine, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and microRNA signaling pathways in melanoma. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Xmrk and EGFR signaling utilize STAT5 to regulate cell proliferation, and Xmrk may signal through PI3K and FasR to modulate apoptosis. At the same time, both activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell proliferation and E-cadherin signaling. Xmrk models of melanoma have shown that inhibitors of PI3K and MEK have an anti-cancer effect, and in HCC, that the steroidal drug, adrenosterone, can prevent metastasis and recover E-cadherin expression, suggesting that fish Xmrk models can exploit similarities with EGFR signal transduction to identify and study new chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
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12
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Kumar R, George B, Campbell MR, Verma N, Paul AM, Melo-Alvim C, Ribeiro L, Pillai MR, da Costa LM, Moasser MM. HER family in cancer progression: From discovery to 2020 and beyond. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:109-160. [PMID: 32593399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the first layer of molecules that receive, interpret, and transduce signals leading to distinct cancer cell phenotypes. Since the discovery of the tooth-lid factor-later characterized as the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-and its high-affinity binding EGF receptor, HER kinases have emerged as one of the commonly upregulated or hyperactivated or mutated kinases in epithelial tumors, thus allowing HER1-3 family members to regulate several hallmarks of cancer development and progression. Each member of the HER family exhibits shared and unique structural features to engage multiple receptor activation modes, leading to a range of overlapping and distinct phenotypes. EGFR, the founding HER family member, provided the roadmap for the development of the cell surface RTK-directed targeted cancer therapy by serving as a prototype/precursor for the currently used HER-directed cancer drugs. We herein provide a brief account of the discoveries, defining moments, and historical context of the HER family and guidepost advances in basic, translational, and clinical research that solidified a prominent position of the HER family in cancer research and treatment. We also discuss the significance of HER3 pseudokinase in cancer biology; its unique structural features that drive transregulation among HER1-3, leading to a superior proximal signaling response; and potential role of HER3 as a shared effector of acquired therapeutic resistance against diverse oncology drugs. Finally, we also narrate some of the current drawbacks of HER-directed therapies and provide insights into postulated advances in HER biology with extensive implications of these therapies in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Bijesh George
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Verma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Cecília Melo-Alvim
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Luis Marques da Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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13
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Liu DL, Lu LL, Dong LL, Liu Y, Bian XY, Lian BF, Xie L, Wen D, Gao DM, Ke AW, Fan J, Wu WZ. miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p suppress postoperative metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking HGF/ERBB3-NF-κB positive feedback loop. Theranostics 2020; 10:3668-3683. [PMID: 32206115 PMCID: PMC7069088 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is a frequent event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known whether it is a bystander or an actual player on residual HCC metastasis during liver microenvironment remodeling initiated by hepatectomy. Methods: The differently expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were identified from RNA-seq data. Western blot, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical were used to detect the expression of miRNA and mRNA in cell lines and patient tissues. The biological functions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the specific binding of target genes. The expression of HGF/ERBB3 signaling was detected by Western blot. Results: In this study, HGF induced by hepatectomy was shown to promote metastasis of residual HCC cells. miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p were confirmed to play inhibitory roles on HCC metastasis. And ERBB3 was found to be the common target of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p. HCC cells with lower levels of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p or higher level of ERBB3 were often more sensitive to response HGF stimuli and to facilitate metastatic colonization both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Furthermore, HGF reinforced ERBB3 expression by NF-κB transcriptional activity in a positive feedback loop. Of particular importance, HCC patients with lower levels of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p or higher level of ERBB3 had significantly shorter OS and PFS survivals after surgical resection. Conclusion: miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p could suppress postoperative metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking HGF/ERBB3-NF-κB positive feedback loop and offer a new probable strategy for metastasis prevention after HCC resection.
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14
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Wang N, Wang R, Wang R, Chen S. RNA-seq and microRNA-seq analysis of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) larvae treated by thyroid hormones. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1233-1244. [PMID: 31115741 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flatfish pigmentation is a complex process, affected by environmental factors including light, nutrients, and hormones. Of those, the thyroid hormone has been reported to increase the albinism rate of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine, and thiourea were introduced into P. olivaceus larvae from 16 to 57 days after hatching (DAH). By comparison of albinism rate, T3 treatment and control larvae of 42 DAH were chosen for mRNA and miRNA high-throughput sequencing analyses. A total of 337 miRNAs were identified via miRNA-seq, and 12 miRNAs exhibited significantly differential expression patterns in D42_T3 versus D42_Con (TPM > 10, fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67 and q ≤ 0.05). These differentially expressed miRNAs targeted 3658 putative genes, which further enriched to 10 GO terms (q < 0.05). RNA-seq identified 146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D42_T3 versus D42_Con (|log2 fold change| > 1 and q < 0.005), including pigmentation-related genes such as the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3, pro-opiomelanocortin A, and melanotransferrin, and the growth-related gene somatotropin. These DEGs were significantly enriched to 15 GO terms and 8 KEGG pathways (q < 0.05), which included several sugar metabolic pathways (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway). Integrated analysis revealed that 26 overlapping genes between DEGs and mRNAs were targeted by miRNAs. Furthermore, seven mRNA-miRNA pairs exhibited reversed regulation patterns. This provides important clues to understand the role of thyroid hormones in flatfish pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
| | - Renkai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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15
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Bravo González-Blas C, Minnoye L, Papasokrati D, Aibar S, Hulselmans G, Christiaens V, Davie K, Wouters J, Aerts S. cisTopic: cis-regulatory topic modeling on single-cell ATAC-seq data. Nat Methods 2019; 16:397-400. [PMID: 30962623 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present cisTopic, a probabilistic framework used to simultaneously discover coaccessible enhancers and stable cell states from sparse single-cell epigenomics data ( http://github.com/aertslab/cistopic ). Using a compendium of single-cell ATAC-seq datasets from differentiating hematopoietic cells, brain and transcription factor perturbations, we demonstrate that topic modeling can be exploited for robust identification of cell types, enhancers and relevant transcription factors. cisTopic provides insight into the mechanisms underlying regulatory heterogeneity in cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bravo González-Blas
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Minnoye
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dafni Papasokrati
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Aibar
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Christiaens
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristofer Davie
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Wouters
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Jia B, Zhang B, Wang C. Afatinib reverses ceritinib resistance (CR) in ALK/ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) via suppression of NRG1 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8201-8209. [PMID: 30568455 PMCID: PMC6267764 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and non-small-cell LC (NSCLC) cell is associated with high mortality. As a member of the second generation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) suppressors, ceritinib has considerable therapeutic effects for ALK and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-positive NSCLC cell. Nevertheless, patients inevitably develop resistance to the drug. Our research focused on the exploration of whether afatinib was able to counteract ceritinib resistance (CR) in NSCLC cells with positive ALK or ROS1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acquired CR cell sublines (HCC78R and H1299R) were induced by stepwise escalation of ceritinib exposure. MTT assay was used to validate cell proliferation. Fluorescence assay was performed for apoptosis analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays were used to assess the alterations of signaling pathway-related mRNA and proteins, respectively. RESULTS We found that prolonged treatment of HCC78 and H1299 with ceritinib brought about 10 times weaker ceritinib sensitivity (CS) in comparison with parent cells. Additionally, the results showed that afatinib efficiently promoted CS, which was evidenced as reduced proliferation and cell death promotion, in NSCLC cells, irrespective of their previous sensitivity or resistance to ceritinib. Moreover, afatinib decreased neuregulin-1 (NRG1) signaling stimulation in CR as well as CS cells. Furthermore, supplementing NRG1 in H1299 and HCC78 cells triggered CR, which was attenuated by afatinib. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that afatinib overcame CR in NSCLC cells with positive ALK or ROS1 by inhibiting the NRG1 signaling pathway, which might be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Edea Z, Dadi H, Dessie T, Uzzaman MR, Rothschild MF, Kim ES, Sonstegard TS, Kim KS. Genome-wide scan reveals divergent selection among taurine and zebu cattle populations from different regions. Anim Genet 2018; 49:550-563. [PMID: 30246258 DOI: 10.1111/age.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to identify genomic signatures of divergent selection, we genotyped 10 cattle breeds/populations (n = 275), representing eight Ethiopian cattle populations (n = 229) and two zebu populations (n = 46) adapted to tropical and sub-tropical environments, using the high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived mainly from Bos indicus breeds, and using five reference taurine breeds (n = 212). Population genetic differentiation (FST ) values across sliding windows were estimated between zebu and reference combined taurine breeds. The most differentiated regions (FST ≥ 0.53), representing the top 1% smoothed FST values, were considered to represent regions under diversifying selection. In total, 285 and 317 genes were identified in the comparisons of Ethiopian cattle with taurine and Asian zebu with taurine respectively. Some of these genes are involved in stress responses/thermo-tolerance and DNA damage repair (HSPA4, HSF1, CMPK1 and EIF2AK4), pigmentation (ERBB3 and MYO1A), reproduction/fertility (UBE2D3, ID3 and PSPC1), immune response (PIK3CD and AKIRIN2) and body stature and size (MBP2, LYN and NPM1). Additionally, the candidate genes were associated with functional terms (e.g. cellular response to stress, DNA repair, inflammatory response) important for physiological adaptation to environmental stresses. The results of our study may shed light on the influence of artificial and natural selection in shaping the genomic diversity of modern cattle breeds and also may serve as a basis for further genetic investigation of traits of tropical adaptation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Edea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - H Dadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - M R Uzzaman
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.,Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, S. Korea
| | - M F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - E-S Kim
- Recombinetics, Inc., Saint Paul, MN, 55104, USA
| | | | - K-S Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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18
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Rani S, Kumari U, Bhardwaj S, Parsad D, Sharma VL, Kumar R. Decreased expression of neuregulin1 in the lesional skin of vitiligo patients. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:242-249. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rani
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Uma Kumari
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Supriya Bhardwaj
- Department of Dermatology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
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19
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Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Sánchez-Laorden B, García-Borrón JC. Functional interplay between secreted ligands and receptors in melanoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 78:73-84. [PMID: 28676423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, results from the malignant transformation of melanocytes located in the basement membrane separating the epidermal and dermal skin compartments. Cutaneous melanoma is often initiated by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mutations. Melanocytes intimately interact with keratinocytes, which provide growth factors and melanocortin peptides acting as paracrine regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Keratinocyte-derived melanocortins activate melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) to protect melanocytes from the carcinogenic effect of UVR. Accordingly, MC1R is a major determinant of susceptibility to melanoma. Despite extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and high mutation loads, the molecular basis of melanomagenesis and the molecules mediating the crosstalk between melanoma and stromal cells are relatively well understood. Mutations of intracellular effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling, notably NRAS and BRAF, are major driver events more frequent than mutations in RTKs. Nevertheless, melanomas often display aberrant signalling from RTKs such as KIT, ERRB1-4, FGFR, MET and PDGFR, which contribute to disease progression and resistance to targeted therapies. Progress has also been made to unravel the role of the tumour secretome in preparing the metastatic niche. However, key aspects of the melanoma-stroma interplay, such as the molecular determinants of dormancy, remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Berta Sánchez-Laorden
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - José C García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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20
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Brown D, Samsa LA, Ito C, Ma H, Batres K, Arnaout R, Qian L, Liu J. Neuregulin-1 is essential for nerve plexus formation during cardiac maturation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:2007-2017. [PMID: 29265764 PMCID: PMC5824398 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neuregulin‐1 (Nrg1)/ErbB pathway plays multiple, critical roles in early cardiac and nervous system development and has been implicated in both heart and nerve repair processes. However, the early embryonic lethality of mouse Nrg1 mutants precludes an analysis of Nrg1's function in later cardiac development and homeostasis. In this study, we generated a novel nrg1 null allele targeting all known isoforms of nrg1 in zebrafish and examined cardiac structural and functional parameters throughout development. We found that zebrafish nrg1 mutants instead survived until young adult stages when they exhibited reduced survivorship. This coincided with structural and functional defects in the developing juvenile and young adult hearts, as demonstrated by reduced intracardiac myocardial density, cardiomyocyte cell number, swimming performance and dysregulated heartbeat. Interestingly, nrg1 mutant hearts were missing long axons on the ventricle surface by standard length (SL) 5 mm, which preceded juvenile and adult cardiac defects. Given that the autonomic nervous system normally exerts fine control of cardiac output through this nerve plexus, these data suggest that Nrg1 may play a critical role in establishing the cardiac nerve plexus such that inadequate innervation leads to deficits in cardiac maturation, function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brown
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Samsa
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cade Ito
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karla Batres
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Schwarz LJ, Hutchinson KE, Rexer BN, Estrada MV, Gonzalez Ericsson PI, Sanders ME, Dugger TC, Formisano L, Guerrero-Zotano A, Red-Brewer M, Young CD, Lantto J, Pedersen MW, Kragh M, Horak ID, Arteaga CL. An ERBB1-3 Neutralizing Antibody Mixture With High Activity Against Drug-Resistant HER2+ Breast Cancers With ERBB Ligand Overexpression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3861234. [PMID: 29059433 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasticity of the ERBB receptor network has been suggested to cause acquired resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies. Thus, we studied whether a novel approach using an ERBB1-3-neutralizing antibody mixture can block these compensatory mechanisms of resistance. Methods HER2+ cell lines and xenografts (n ≥ 6 mice per group) were treated with the ERBB1-3 antibody mixture Pan-HER, trastuzumab/lapatinib (TL), trastuzumab/pertuzumab (TP), or T-DM1. Downregulation of ERBB receptors was assessed by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Paired pre- and post-T-DM1 tumor biopsies from patients (n = 11) with HER2-amplified breast cancer were evaluated for HER2 and P-HER3 expression by immunohistochemistry and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. ERBB ligands were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Drug-resistant cells were generated by chronic treatment with T-DM1. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Treatment with Pan-HER inhibited growth and promoted degradation of ERBB1-3 receptors in a panel of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Compared with TL, TP, and T-DM1, Pan-HER induced a similar antitumor effect against established BT474 and HCC1954 tumors, but was superior to TL against MDA-361 xenografts (TL mean = 2026 mm 3 , SD = 924 mm 3 , vs Pan-HER mean = 565 mm 3 , SD = 499 mm 3 , P = .04). Pan-HER-treated BT474 xenografts did not recur after treatment discontinuation, whereas tumors treated with TL, TP, and T-DM1 did. Post-TP and post-T-DM1 recurrent tumors expressed higher levels of neuregulin-1 (NRG1), HER3 and P-HER3 (all P < .05). Higher levels of P-HER3 protein and NRG1 mRNA were also observed in HER2+ breast cancers progressing after T-DM1 and trastuzumab (NRG1 transcript fold change ± SD; pretreatment = 2, SD = 1.9, vs post-treatment = 11.4, SD = 10.3, P = .04). The HER3-neutralizing antibody LJM716 resensitized the drug-resistant cells to T-DM1, suggesting a causal association between the NRG1-HER3 axis and drug resistance. Finally, Pan-HER treatment inhibited growth of HR6 trastuzumab- and T-DM1-resistant xenografts. Conclusions These data suggest that upregulation of a NRG1-HER3 axis can mediate escape from anti-HER2 therapies. Further, multitargeted antibody mixtures, such as Pan-HER, can simultaneously remove and/or block targeted ERBB receptor and ligands, thus representing an effective approach against drug-sensitive and -resistant HER2+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Schwarz
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Katherine E Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Brent N Rexer
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Mónica Valeria Estrada
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Paula I Gonzalez Ericsson
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Teresa C Dugger
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Angel Guerrero-Zotano
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Monica Red-Brewer
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Johan Lantto
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Mikkel W Pedersen
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Michael Kragh
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Ivan D Horak
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark
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22
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Abstract
Inhibition of the BRAF/MAPK pathway belongs to the standard therapies for patients with activating BRAFV600E/K mutations. However, even in well-responding tumors, anti-tumorigenic effect and clinical benefit are only transient, and the original tumors often relapse. This demonstrates that there are remaining residual tumors, which have withstood therapy-induced apoptosis and which have the potential to resume growth. Although BRAF mutant melanoma cells seem to depend on BRAF/MAPK signaling, the inhibition of this pathway triggers several events, which modulate the tumor as well as the tumor niche. After a certain adaptation period, this can turn out to be beneficial for tumor growth and metastasis-even in cases of good initial tumor response. This review sheds light on the biology of BRAF/MEK inhibitor-sensitive melanoma cells, which survive targeted therapy and will address the crosstalk signaling events occurring in BRAF mutant melanomas when the BRAF/MAPK pathway is fully blocked. The knowledge of these events is important for potential future drug combinations, which enhance the inhibitory effect of BRAF/MEK inhibition, particularly in patients not eligible for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meierjohann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Zhang T, Suryawanshi YR, Kordish DH, Woyczesczyk HM, Jeng D, Essani K. Tanapoxvirus lacking a neuregulin-like gene regresses human melanoma tumors in nude mice. Virus Genes 2017; 53:52-62. [PMID: 27738905 PMCID: PMC5300959 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin (NRG), an epidermal growth factor is known to promote the growth of various cell types, including human melanoma cells through ErbB family of tyrosine kinases receptors. Tanapoxvirus (TPV)-encoded protein TPV-15L, a functional mimic of NRG, also acts through ErbB receptors. Here, we show that the TPV-15L protein promotes melanoma proliferation. TPV recombinant generated by deleting the 15L gene (TPVΔ15L) showed replication ability similar to that of wild-type TPV (wtTPV) in owl monkey kidney cells, human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cells, and human melanoma (SK-MEL-3) cells. However, a TPV recombinant with both 15L and the thymidine kinase (TK) gene 66R ablated (TPVΔ15LΔ66R) replicated less efficiently compared to TPVΔ15L and the parental virus. TPVΔ15L exhibited more robust tumor regression in the melanoma-bearing nude mice compared to other TPV recombinants. Our results indicate that deletion of TPV-15L gene product which facilitates the growth of human melanoma cells can be an effective strategy to enhance the oncolytic potential of TPV for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Yogesh R Suryawanshi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Dennis H Kordish
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Helene M Woyczesczyk
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - David Jeng
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA.
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24
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Dong X, Fernandez-Salas E, Li E, Wang S. Elucidation of Resistance Mechanisms to Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors Alectinib and Ceritinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2016; 18:162-71. [PMID: 26992917 PMCID: PMC4796802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crizotinib is the first anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor to have been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an ALK fusion gene, but it has been found that, in the clinic, patients develop resistance to it. Alectinib and ceritinib are second-generation ALK inhibitors which show remarkable clinical responses in both crizotinib-naive and crizotinib-resistant NSCLC patients harboring an ALK fusion gene. Despite their impressive activity, clinical resistance to alectinib and ceritinib has also emerged. In the current study, we elucidated the resistance mechanisms to these second-generation ALK inhibitors in the H3122 NSCLC cell line harboring the EML4-ALK variant 1 fusion in vitro. Prolonged treatment of the parental H3122 cells with alectinib and ceritinib led to two cell lines which are 10 times less sensitive to alectinib and ceritinib than the parental H3122 cell line. Although mutations of ALK in its kinase domain are a common resistance mechanism for crizotinib, we did not detect any ALK mutation in these resistant cell lines. Rather, overexpression of phospho-ALK and alternative receptor tyrosine kinases such as phospho-EGFR, phospho-HER3, and phospho-IGFR-1R was observed in both resistant cell lines. Additionally, NRG1, a ligand for HER3, is upregulated and responsible for resistance by activating the EGFR family pathways through the NRG1-HER3-EGFR axis. Combination treatment with EGFR inhibitors, in particular afatinib, was shown to be effective at overcoming resistance. Our study provides new mechanistic insights into adaptive resistance to second-generation ALK inhibitors and suggests a potential clinical strategy to combat resistance to these second-generation ALK inhibitors in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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25
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Leung I, Jarvik N, Sidhu SS. A Highly Diverse and Functional Naïve Ubiquitin Variant Library for Generation of Intracellular Affinity Reagents. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:115-127. [PMID: 27887869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, construction, and validation of a highly diverse phage-displayed naïve ubiquitin variant (Ubv) library. We first conducted a mutation tolerance scan of 27 residues and confirmed that 24 of these could be substituted by chemically diverse amino acids without compromising the display of Ubvs on phage. Subsequently, we constructed a library containing 6.8×1010 unique members, in which these 24 positions were diversified with a degenerate codon that encodes for 6 aa that are prevalent in protein interaction sites. To ensure the optimal structural stability of the Ubvs, we constructed the library in a two-step process, whereby 12 positions were randomized first, and following the selection for displayed Ubvs, the resulting pool was further diversified at the other 12 positions. The resulting library was validated by conducting binding selections against a panel of 40 diverse protein antigens and was found to be as functional as a highly validated synthetic antibody library, yielding binders against 30 of the antigens. Detailed characterization of an Ubv that bound to the cell-surface receptor human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 revealed tight binding in the single-digit nanomolar range. Moreover, Ubvs that bound to two distinct sites on the intracellular adapter Grb2 could be combined to generate a potent inhibitor that functioned in cells. These results validate ubiquitin as a robust scaffold for the construction of naïve libraries that can be used to generate Ubvs that target signaling networks both outside and inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nick Jarvik
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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26
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Rezza A, Wang Z, Sennett R, Qiao W, Wang D, Heitman N, Mok KW, Clavel C, Yi R, Zandstra P, Ma'ayan A, Rendl M. Signaling Networks among Stem Cell Precursors, Transit-Amplifying Progenitors, and their Niche in Developing Hair Follicles. Cell Rep 2016; 14:3001-18. [PMID: 27009580 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a complex miniorgan that serves as an ideal model system to study stem cell (SC) interactions with the niche during growth and regeneration. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are required for SC activation during the adult hair cycle, but signal exchange between niche and SC precursors/transit-amplifying cell (TAC) progenitors that regulates HF morphogenetic growth is largely unknown. Here we use six transgenic reporters to isolate 14 major skin and HF cell populations. With next-generation RNA sequencing, we characterize their transcriptomes and define unique molecular signatures. SC precursors, TACs, and the DP niche express a plethora of ligands and receptors. Signaling interaction network analysis reveals a bird's-eye view of pathways implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Using a systematic tissue-wide approach, this work provides a comprehensive platform, linked to an interactive online database, to identify and further explore the SC/TAC/niche crosstalk regulating HF growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenlian Qiao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas Heitman
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ka Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Clavel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Peter Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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27
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Synchronized Targeting of Notch and ERBB Signaling Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:464-472. [PMID: 26967479 PMCID: PMC4789778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in melanoma therapy, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 15%. Thus, novel treatments are required to address this disease. Notch and ERBB are evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades required for the maintenance of melanocyte precursors. We show that active Notch1 (Notch1(NIC)) and active (phosphorylated) ERBB3 and ERBB2 correlate significantly and are similarly expressed in both mutated and wild-type BRAF melanomas, suggesting these receptors are co-reactivated in melanoma to promote survival. Whereas blocking either pathway triggers modest effects, combining a ?-secretase inhibitor to block Notch activation and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to inhibit ERBB3/2 elicits synergistic effects, reducing cell viability by 90% and hampering melanoma tumor growth. Specific inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3 mimics these results, suggesting these are the critical factors triggering melanoma tumor expansion. Notch and ERBB inhibition blunts AKT and NF?B signaling. Constitutive expression of NF?B partially rescues cell death. Blockade of both Notch and ERBB signaling inhibits the slow cycling JARID1B-positive cell population, which is critical for long-term maintenance of melanoma growth. We propose that blocking these pathways is an effective approach to treatment of melanoma patients regardless of whether they carry mutated or wild-type BRAF.
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28
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Capparelli C, Rosenbaum S, Berman-Booty LD, Salhi A, Gaborit N, Zhan T, Chervoneva I, Roszik J, Woodman SE, Davies MA, Setiady YY, Osman I, Yarden Y, Aplin AE. ErbB3-ErbB2 Complexes as a Therapeutic Target in a Subset of Wild-type BRAF/NRAS Cutaneous Melanomas. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3554-67. [PMID: 26206558 PMCID: PMC4558382 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The treatment options remain limited for patients with melanoma who are wild-type for both BRAF and NRAS (WT/WT). We demonstrate that a subgroup of WT/WT melanomas display high basal phosphorylation of ErbB3 that is associated with autocrine production of the ErbB3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1). In WT/WT melanoma cells displaying high levels of phospho-ErbB3, knockdown of NRG1 reduced cell viability and was associated with decreased phosphorylation of ErbB3, its coreceptor ErbB2, and its downstream target, AKT. Similar effects were observed by targeting ErbB3 with either siRNAs or the neutralizing ErbB3 monoclonal antibodies huHER3-8 and NG33. In addition, pertuzumab-mediated inhibition of ErbB2 heterodimerization decreased AKT phosphorylation, cell growth in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. Pertuzumab also potentiated the effects of MEK inhibitor on WT/WT melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that targeting ErbB3-ErbB2 signaling in a cohort of WT/WT melanomas leads to tumor growth reduction. Together, these studies support the rationale to target the NRG1-ErbB3-ErbB2 axis as a novel treatment strategy in a subset of cutaneous melanomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neuregulin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheera Rosenbaum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amel Salhi
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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29
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Capparelli C, Rosenbaum S, Berger AC, Aplin AE. Fibroblast-derived neuregulin 1 promotes compensatory ErbB3 receptor signaling in mutant BRAF melanoma. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24267-77. [PMID: 26269601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) inhibitors are first-line treatments for patients harboring V600E/K mutant BRAF melanoma. Although RAF inhibitors produce high response rates, the degree of tumor regression is heterogeneous. Compensatory/adaptive responses to targeted inhibitors are frequently initiated by the activation of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, including ErbB3, and factors from the tumor microenvironment may play an important role. We have shown previously that mutant v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) melanoma cells have enhanced activation of ErbB3 following RAF inhibition. However, the source of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), the ligand for ErbB3, is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that NRG1 is highly expressed by dermal fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from mutant BRAF melanomas. Conditioned medium from fibroblasts and CAFs enhanced ErbB3 pathway activation and limited RAF inhibitor cytotoxicity in V600 mutant BRAF-harboring melanomas. Targeting the ErbB3/ErbB2 pathway partially reversed the protective effects of fibroblast/CAF-derived NRG1 on cell growth properties of RAF inhibitor-treated melanoma cells. These findings support the idea that NRG1, acting in a paracrine manner, promotes resistance to RAF inhibitors and emphasize that targeting the ErbB3/ErbB2 pathway will likely improve the efficacy of RAF inhibitors for mutant BRAF melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheera Rosenbaum
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, and
| | - Adam C Berger
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, and
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30
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Dahlhoff M, Schäfer M, Muzumdar S, Rose C, Schneider MR. ERBB3 is required for tumor promotion in a mouse model of skin carcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1825-33. [PMID: 26194695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in skin inflammation, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Less is known about the functions of the structurally related receptor ERBB3 (HER3) in the skin. We assessed the requirement of ERBB3 for skin homeostasis, wound healing, and tumorigenesis by crossing mice carrying a conditional Erbb3 allele with animals expressing cre under the control of the keratin 5 promoter. Erbb3(del) mice, lacking ERBB3 specifically in keratinocytes, showed no obvious abnormalities. The EGFR was upregulated in Erbb3(del) skin, possibly compensating the loss of ERBB3. Nonetheless, healing of full-thickness excisional wounds was negatively affected by ERBB3 deficiency. To analyze the function of ERBB3 during tumorigenesis, we employed the established DMBA/TPA multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol. Erbb3(del) mice remained free of papillomas for a longer time and had significantly reduced tumor burden compared to control littermates. Tumor cell proliferation was considerably reduced in Erbb3(del) mice, and loss of ERBB3 also impaired keratinocyte proliferation after a single application of TPA. In human skin tumor samples, upregulated ERBB3 expression was observed in squamous cell carcinoma, condyloma, and malignant melanoma. Thus, we conclude that ERBB3, while dispensable for the development and the homeostasis of the epidermis and its appendages, is required for proper wound healing and for the progression of skin tumors during multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mice. ERBB3 may also be important for human skin cancer progression. The latter effects most probably reflect a key role for ERBB3 in increasing cell proliferation after stimuli as wounding or carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sukalp Muzumdar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rose
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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31
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Kugel CH, Hartsough EJ, Davies MA, Setiady YY, Aplin AE. Function-blocking ERBB3 antibody inhibits the adaptive response to RAF inhibitor. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4122-32. [PMID: 25035390 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ERBB3/HER3 expression and signaling are upregulated in mutant BRAF melanoma as an adaptive, prosurvival response to FDA-approved RAF inhibitors. Because compensatory ERBB3 signaling counteracts the effects of RAF inhibitors, cotargeting ERBB3 may increase the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF models of melanoma. Here, we corroborate this concept by showing that the ERBB3 function-blocking monoclonal antibody huHER3-8 can inhibit neuregulin-1 activation of ERBB3 and downstream signaling in RAF-inhibited melanoma cells. Targeting mutant BRAF in combination with huHER3-8 decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in vitro, and decreased tumor burden in vivo, compared with targeting either mutant BRAF or ERBB3 alone. Furthermore, the likelihood of a durable tumor response in vivo was increased when huHER3-8 was combined with RAF inhibitor PLX4720. Together, these results offer a preclinical proof of concept for the application of ERBB3-neutralizing antibodies to enhance the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in melanoma to delay or prevent tumor regrowth. As ERBB3 is often upregulated in response to other kinase-targeted therapeutics, these findings may have implications for other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis H Kugel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center; Jefferson College of Graduate Studies
| | | | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and
| | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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32
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Tiwary S, Preziosi M, Rothberg PG, Zeitouni N, Corson N, Xu L. ERBB3 is required for metastasis formation of melanoma cells. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e110. [PMID: 25000258 PMCID: PMC4150209 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is curable when it is at an early phase but is lethal once it becomes metastatic. The recent development of BRAF(V600E) inhibitors (BIs) showed great promise in treating metastatic melanoma, but resistance developed quickly in the treated patients, and these inhibitors are not effective on melanomas that express wild-type BRAF. Alternative therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma are urgently needed. Here we report that ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, is required for the formation of lung metastasis from both the BI-sensitive melanoma cell line, MA-2, and the BI-resistant melanoma cell line, 451Lu-R. Further analyses revealed that ERBB3 does not affect the initial seeding of melanoma cells in lung but is required for their further development into overt metastases, indicating that ERBB3 might be essential for the survival of melanoma cells after they reach the lung. Consistent with this, the ERBB3 ligand, NRG1, is highly expressed in mouse lungs and induces ERBB3-depdnent phosphorylation of AKT in both MA-2 and 451Lu-R cells in vitro. These findings suggest that ERBB3 may serve as a target for treating metastatic melanomas that are resistant to BIs. In support of this, administration of the pan-ERBB inhibitor, canertinib, significantly suppresses the metastasis formation of BI-resistant melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiwary
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Preziosi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P G Rothberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Zeitouni
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - N Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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33
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Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of cancer associated biomarker HER3 based on anti-HER3 biosensor. Talanta 2014; 120:355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Functional combination strategy for prioritization of human miRNA target. Gene 2014; 533:132-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Bedogni B. Notch signaling in melanoma: interacting pathways and stromal influences that enhance Notch targeting. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 27:162-8. [PMID: 24330305 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, intercellular signaling cascade. Notch was first described in the early 1900s when a mutant Drosophila showed notches on the wing margins. Studies of the role of Notch signaling have ever since flourished, and the pleiotropic nature of the Notch gene is now evident. Indeed, the Notch signaling pathway plays key roles in cell fate decisions, tissue patterning, and morphogenesis during development. However, deregulation of this pathway can contribute to cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Several reports have now highlighted the role of Notch signaling in a variety of malignancies where Notch can either be an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cell context. Here, we summarize the major components of Notch signaling with an aim to emphasize the contribution of deregulated Notch signaling in melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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36
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The function of human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 and its role in tumors (Review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2563-70. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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37
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Li C, Brand TM, Iida M, Huang S, Armstrong EA, van der Kogel A, Wheeler DL. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) blockade with U3-1287/AMG888 enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy in lung and head and neck carcinoma. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2013; 16:79-92. [PMID: 23998444 PMCID: PMC3901945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of the HER3 blocking antibody, U3-1287/AMG888, to modulate the in vitro and in vivo radiation response of human squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and head and neck. We screened a battery of cell lines from these tumors for HER3 expression and demonstrated that all cell lines screened exhibited expression of HER3. Importantly, U3-1287/AMG888 treatment could block both basal HER3 activity and radiation induced HER3 activation. Proliferation assays indicated that HER3 blockade could decrease the proliferation of both HNSCC cell line SCC6 and NSCLC cell line H226. Further, we demonstrated that U3-1287/AMG888 can sensitize cells to radiation in clonogenic survival assays, in addition to increasing DNA damage as detected via λ-H2AX immunofluorescence. To determine if U3-1287/AMG888 could enhance radiation sensitivity in vivo we performed tumor growth delay experiments using SCC6, SCC1483, and H226 xenografts. The results of these experiments indicated that the combination of U3-1287/AMG888 and radiation could decrease tumor growth in studies using single or fractionated doses of radiation. Analysis of HER3 expression in tumor samples indicated that radiation treatment activated HER3 in vivo and that U3-1287/AMG888 could abrogate this activation. Immunohistochemistry analysis of SCC6 tumors treated with both U3-1287/AMG888 and a single dose of radiation demonstrated that various cell survival and proliferation markers could be reduced. Collectively our findings suggest that U3-1287/AMG888 in combination with radiation has an impact on cell and tumor growth by increasing DNA damage and cell death. These findings suggest that HER3 may play an important role in response to radiation therapy and blocking its activity in combination with radiation may be of therapeutic benefit in human tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- DNA Damage
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Enzyme Induction/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/enzymology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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38
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Van Raamsdonk CD, Deo M. Links between Schwann cells and melanocytes in development and disease. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:634-45. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mugdha Deo
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; BC; Canada
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39
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Zhang K, Wong P, Duan J, Jacobs B, Borden EC, Bedogni B. An ERBB3/ERBB2 oncogenic unit plays a key role in NRG1 signaling and melanoma cell growth and survival. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:408-14. [PMID: 23480537 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified neuregulin-1 (NRG1) as a novel target of Notch1 required in Notch-dependent melanoma growth. ERBB3 and ERBB4, tyrosine kinase receptors specifically activated by NRG1, have been shown to be either elevated in melanoma cell lines and tumors or to be mutated in 20% of melanomas, respectively. While these data support key roles of NRG1 and its receptors in the pathogenesis of melanoma, whether ERBB3 and ERBB4 display redundant or exclusive functions is not known. Here, we show that ERBB3 and ERBB4 inhibition results in distinct outcomes. ERBB3 inhibition ablates the cellular responses to NRG1, results in AKT inactivation and leads to cell growth arrest and apoptotic cell death. In contrast, ERBB4 knockdown mildly affects cell growth, has no effects on cell survival and, importantly, does not alter the responses to NRG1. Finally, we identified ERBB2 as a key coreceptor in NRG1-dependent ERBB3 signaling. ERBB2 forms a complex with ERBB3, and its inhibition recapitulates the phenotypes observed upon ERBB3 ablation. We propose that an NRG1-ERBB3-ERBB2 signaling unit operates in melanoma cells where it promotes growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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40
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Abel EV, Basile KJ, Kugel CH, Witkiewicz AK, Le K, Amaravadi RK, Karakousis GC, Xu X, Xu W, Schuchter LM, Lee JB, Ertel A, Fortina P, Aplin AE. Melanoma adapts to RAF/MEK inhibitors through FOXD3-mediated upregulation of ERBB3. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2155-68. [PMID: 23543055 DOI: 10.1172/jci65780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying adaptive resistance of melanoma to targeted therapies remain unclear. By combining ChIP sequencing with microarray-based gene profiling, we determined that ERBB3 is upregulated by FOXD3, a transcription factor that promotes resistance to RAF inhibitors in melanoma. Enhanced ERBB3 signaling promoted resistance to RAF pathway inhibitors in cultured melanoma cell lines and in mouse xenograft models. ERBB3 signaling was dependent on ERBB2; targeting ERBB2 with lapatinib in combination with the RAF inhibitor PLX4720 reduced tumor burden and extended latency of tumor regrowth in vivo versus PLX4720 alone. These results suggest that enhanced ERBB3 signaling may serve as a mechanism of adaptive resistance to RAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma and that cotargeting this pathway may enhance the clinical efficacy and extend the therapeutic duration of RAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan V Abel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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41
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Gorkin DU, Lee D, Reed X, Fletez-Brant C, Bessling SL, Loftus SK, Beer MA, Pavan WJ, McCallion AS. Integration of ChIP-seq and machine learning reveals enhancers and a predictive regulatory sequence vocabulary in melanocytes. Genome Res 2012; 22:2290-301. [PMID: 23019145 PMCID: PMC3483558 DOI: 10.1101/gr.139360.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We take a comprehensive approach to the study of regulatory control of gene expression in melanocytes that proceeds from large-scale enhancer discovery facilitated by ChIP-seq; to rigorous validation in silico, in vitro, and in vivo; and finally to the use of machine learning to elucidate a regulatory vocabulary with genome-wide predictive power. We identify 2489 putative melanocyte enhancer loci in the mouse genome by ChIP-seq for EP300 and H3K4me1. We demonstrate that these putative enhancers are evolutionarily constrained, enriched for sequence motifs predicted to bind key melanocyte transcription factors, located near genes relevant to melanocyte biology, and capable of driving reporter gene expression in melanocytes in culture (86%; 43/50) and in transgenic zebrafish (70%; 7/10). Next, using the sequences of these putative enhancers as a training set for a supervised machine learning algorithm, we develop a vocabulary of 6-mers predictive of melanocyte enhancer function. Lastly, we demonstrate that this vocabulary has genome-wide predictive power in both the mouse and human genomes. This study provides deep insight into the regulation of gene expression in melanocytes and demonstrates a powerful approach to the investigation of regulatory sequences that can be applied to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- David U Gorkin
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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42
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Chong K, Daud A, Ortiz-Urda S, Arron ST. Cutting edge in medical management of cutaneous oncology. SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY 2012; 31:140-9. [PMID: 22640435 PMCID: PMC3367308 DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy has resulted in only a modest response, if any, for the 3 most common cutaneous malignancies of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Recent advances in understanding of the defects in the pathways driving tumorigenesis have changed the way that we think of these cancers and paved the way to targeted therapy for specific tumors. In this review, we will introduce the novel systemic treatments currently available for these cancers in the context of what is understood about the tumor pathogenesis. We will also introduce ongoing studies that will hopefully broaden our options for highly effective and tolerable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Chong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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43
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Pausch H, Wang X, Jung S, Krogmeier D, Edel C, Emmerling R, Götz KU, Fries R. Identification of QTL for UV-protective eye area pigmentation in cattle by progeny phenotyping and genome-wide association analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36346. [PMID: 22567150 PMCID: PMC3342244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation patterns allow for the differentiation of cattle breeds. A dominantly inherited white head is characteristic for animals of the Fleckvieh (FV) breed. However, a minority of the FV animals exhibits peculiar pigmentation surrounding the eyes (ambilateral circumocular pigmentation, ACOP). In areas where animals are exposed to increased solar ultraviolet radiation, ACOP is associated with a reduced susceptibility to bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC, eye cancer). Eye cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumour affecting cattle. Selection for animals with ACOP rapidly reduces the incidence of BOSCC. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying ACOP, we performed a genome-wide association study using 658,385 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The study population consisted of 3579 bulls of the FV breed with a total of 320,186 progeny with phenotypes for ACOP. The proportion of progeny with ACOP was used as a quantitative trait with high heritability (h2 = 0.79). A variance component based approach to account for population stratification uncovered twelve QTL regions on seven chromosomes. The identified QTL point to MCM6, PAX3, ERBB3, KITLG, LEF1, DKK2, KIT, CRIM1, ATRN, GSDMC, MITF and NBEAL2 as underlying genes for eye area pigmentation in cattle. The twelve QTL regions explain 44.96% of the phenotypic variance of the proportion of daughters with ACOP. The chromosomes harbouring significantly associated SNPs account for 54.13% of the phenotypic variance, while another 19.51% of the phenotypic variance is attributable to chromosomes without identified QTL. Thus, the missing heritability amounts to 7% only. Our results support a polygenic inheritance pattern of ACOP in cattle and provide the basis for efficient genomic selection of animals that are less susceptible to serious eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Pausch
- Lehrstuhl fuer Tierzucht, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Freising, Germany.
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44
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Belleudi F, Marra E, Mazzetta F, Fattore L, Giovagnoli MR, Mancini R, Aurisicchio L, Torrisi MR, Ciliberto G. Monoclonal antibody-induced ErbB3 receptor internalization and degradation inhibits growth and migration of human melanoma cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1455-67. [PMID: 22421160 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the ErbB receptor family are targets of a growing numbers of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies inhibitors currently under development for the treatment of cancer. Although historical efforts have been directed against ErbB1 (EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER2/neu), emerging evidences have pointed to ErbB3 as a key node in the activation of proliferation/survival pathways from the ErbB receptor family and have fueled enthusiasm toward the clinical development of anti-ErbB3 agents. In this study, we have evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of a set of three recently generated anti-human ErbB3 monoclonals, A2, A3 and A4, in human primary melanoma cells. We show that in melanoma cells expressing ErbB1, ErbB3 and ErbB4 but not ErbB2 receptor ligands activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, and this leads to increased cell proliferation and migration. While antibodies A3 and A4 are able to potently inhibit ligand-induced signaling, proliferation and migration, antibody A2 is unable to exert this effect. In attempt to understand the mechanism of action and the basis of this different behavior, we demonstrate, through a series of combined approaches, that antibody efficacy strongly correlates with antibody-induced receptor internalization, degradation and inhibition of receptor recycling to the cell surface. Finally, fine epitope mapping studies through a peptide array show that inhibiting vs. non-inhibiting antibodies have a dramatically different mode of binding to the to the receptor extracellular domain. Our study confirms the key role of ErbB3 and points to exploitation of novel combination therapies for treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Belleudi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Universita' di Roma, Rome, Italy
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45
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Zhang K, Wong P, Zhang L, Jacobs B, Borden EC, Aster JC, Bedogni B. A Notch1-neuregulin1 autocrine signaling loop contributes to melanoma growth. Oncogene 2012; 31:4609-18. [PMID: 22249266 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionary conserved signaling cascade that has an essential role in melanoblast and melanocyte stem cell homeostasis. Notch signaling is emerging as a key player in melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer. In melanoma, Notch1 is inappropriately reactivated and contributes to melanoma tumorigenicity. Here, we propose a novel mechanism by which Notch1 promotes the disease. We found that Notch1 directly regulates the transcription of neuregulin1 (NRG1) by binding to its promoter region. NRG1 is the ligand for ERBB3 and 4, members of the epidermal growth factor family of receptors that are involved in the genesis and progression of a number of cancers. Notch1 and NRG1 expression are associated in melanoma and inhibition of NRG1 signaling leads to melanoma cell growth inhibition and tumor growth delay. Mechanistically, these effects are associated with the inhibition of the PI3Kinase/Akt signaling pathway and with the accumulation of p27(Kip1). On the other end, addition of recombinant NRG1 can partially restore melanoma cell growth that is inhibited by Notch1 ablation. Taken together, our findings underline a new, previously undescribed autocrine signaling loop between Notch1 and NRG1 that controls melanoma growth and provide experimental evidence that the targeting of Notch and ERBB signaling may represent a novel potential therapeutic approach in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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46
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Noguchi S, Mori T, Hoshino Y, Yamada N, Maruo K, Akao Y. MicroRNAs as tumour suppressors in canine and human melanoma cells and as a prognostic factor in canine melanomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Noguchi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Y. Hoshino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - N. Yamada
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - K. Maruo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Y. Akao
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Center; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
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47
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Whiteman DC, Pavan WJ, Bastian BC. The melanomas: a synthesis of epidemiological, clinical, histopathological, genetic, and biological aspects, supporting distinct subtypes, causal pathways, and cells of origin. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:879-97. [PMID: 21707960 PMCID: PMC3395885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence from varied scientific disciplines suggest that cutaneous melanomas comprise biologically distinct subtypes that arise through multiple causal pathways. Understanding the respective relationships of each subtype with etiologic factors such as UV radiation and constitutional factors is the first necessary step toward developing refined prevention strategies for the specific forms of melanoma. Furthermore, classifying this disease precisely into biologically distinct subtypes is the key to developing mechanism-based treatments, as highlighted by recent discoveries. In this review, we outline the historical developments that underpin our understanding of melanoma heterogeneity, and we do this from the perspectives of clinical presentation, histopathology, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and developmental biology. We integrate the evidence from these separate trajectories to catalog the emerging major categories of melanomas and conclude with important unanswered questions relating to the development of melanoma and its cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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48
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Prasad MK, Reed X, Gorkin DU, Cronin JC, McAdow AR, Chain K, Hodonsky CJ, Jones EA, Svaren J, Antonellis A, Johnson SL, Loftus SK, Pavan WJ, McCallion AS. SOX10 directly modulates ERBB3 transcription via an intronic neural crest enhancer. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:40. [PMID: 21672228 PMCID: PMC3124416 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The ERBB3 gene is essential for the proper development of the neural crest (NC) and its derivative populations such as Schwann cells. As with all cell fate decisions, transcriptional regulatory control plays a significant role in the progressive restriction and specification of NC derived lineages during development. However, little is known about the sequences mediating transcriptional regulation of ERBB3 or the factors that bind them. Results In this study we identified three transcriptional enhancers at the ERBB3 locus and evaluated their regulatory potential in vitro in NC-derived cell types and in vivo in transgenic zebrafish. One enhancer, termed ERBB3_MCS6, which lies within the first intron of ERBB3, directs the highest reporter expression in vitro and also demonstrates epigenetic marks consistent with enhancer activity. We identify a consensus SOX10 binding site within ERBB3_MCS6 and demonstrate, in vitro, its necessity and sufficiency for the activity of this enhancer. Additionally, we demonstrate that transcription from the endogenous Erbb3 locus is dependent on Sox10. Further we demonstrate in vitro that Sox10 physically interacts with that ERBB3_MCS6. Consistent with its in vitro activity, we also show that ERBB3_MCS6 drives reporter expression in NC cells and a subset of its derivative lineages in vivo in zebrafish in a manner consistent with erbb3b expression. We also demonstrate, using morpholino analysis, that Sox10 is necessary for ERBB3_MCS6 expression in vivo in zebrafish. Conclusions Taken collectively, our data suggest that ERBB3 may be directly regulated by SOX10, and that this control may in part be facilitated by ERBB3_MCS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megana K Prasad
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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49
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Leong SPL, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, Schadendorf D, Tarhini AA, Agarwala S, Hauschild A, Soon CWM, Daud A, Kashani-Sabet M. Cutaneous melanoma: a model to study cancer metastasis. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:538-49. [PMID: 21480247 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nodal status in melanoma is a critically important prognostic factor for patient outcome. The survival rate drops to <10% when melanoma has spread beyond the regional lymph nodes and includes visceral involvement. In general, the process of melanoma metastasis is progressive in that dissemination of melanoma from the primary site to the regional lymph nodes occurs prior to systemic disease. The goal of this review article is to describe melanoma as a clinical model to study cancer metastasis. A future challenge is to develop a molecular taxonomy to subgroup melanoma patients at various stages of tumor progression for more accurate targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley P L Leong
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment and Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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50
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Budi EH, Patterson LB, Parichy DM. Post-embryonic nerve-associated precursors to adult pigment cells: genetic requirements and dynamics of morphogenesis and differentiation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002044. [PMID: 21625562 PMCID: PMC3098192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pigment cells of vertebrates serve a variety of functions and generate a
stunning variety of patterns. These cells are also implicated in human
pathologies including melanoma. Whereas the events of pigment cell development
have been studied extensively in the embryo, much less is known about
morphogenesis and differentiation of these cells during post-embryonic stages.
Previous studies of zebrafish revealed genetically distinct populations of
embryonic and adult melanophores, the ectotherm homologue of amniote
melanocytes. Here, we use molecular markers, vital labeling, time-lapse imaging,
mutational analyses, and transgenesis to identify peripheral nerves as a niche
for precursors to adult melanophores that subsequently migrate to the skin to
form the adult pigment pattern. We further identify genetic requirements for
establishing, maintaining, and recruiting precursors to the adult melanophore
lineage and demonstrate novel compensatory behaviors during pattern regulation
in mutant backgrounds. Finally, we show that distinct populations of latent
precursors having differential regenerative capabilities persist into the adult.
These findings provide a foundation for future studies of post-embryonic pigment
cell precursors in development, evolution, and neoplasia. Understanding the biology of post-embryonic stem and progenitor cells is of both
basic and translational importance. To identify mechanisms by which stem and
progenitor cells are established, maintained, and recruited to particular fates,
we are using the zebrafish adult pigment pattern. Previous work showed that
embryonic and adult pigment cells have different genetic requirements, but
little is known about the molecular or proliferative phenotypes of precursors to
adult pigment cells or where these precursors reside during post-embryonic
development. We show here that post-embryonic pigment cell precursors are
associated with peripheral nerves and that these cells migrate to the skin
during the larval-to-adult transformation when the adult pigment pattern forms.
We also define morphogenetic and differentiative roles for several genes in
promoting these events. Finally, we demonstrate that latent precursor pools
persist into the adult and that different pools have different capacities for
supplying new pigment cells in the context of pattern regeneration. Our study
sets the stage for future analyses to identify additional common and essential
features of pigment stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine H. Budi
- Department of Biology, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular
Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of
America
| | - Larissa B. Patterson
- Department of Biology, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biology, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David M. Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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