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Jasani N, Xu X, Posorske B, Kim Y, Vera O, Tsai KY, DeNicola GM, Karreth FA. MAPK-mediated PHGDH induction is essential for melanoma formation and represents an actionable vulnerability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.589139. [PMID: 38659816 PMCID: PMC11042198 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway, promotes melanomagenesis, melanoma cell proliferation, and survival of metastases in serine-low environments such as the brain. While PHGDH amplification explains PHGDH overexpression in a subset of melanomas, we find that PHGDH levels are universally increased in melanoma cells due to oncogenic BRAFV600E promoting PHGDH transcription through mTORC1-mediated translation of ATF4. Importantly, PHGDH expression was critical for melanomagenesis as depletion of PHGDH in genetic mouse models blocked melanoma formation. Despite BRAFV600E-mediated upregulation, PHGDH was further induced by exogenous serine restriction. Surprisingly, BRAFV600E inhibition diminished serine restriction-mediated PHGDH expression by preventing ATF4 induction, creating a potential vulnerability whereby melanoma cells could be specifically starved of serine by combining BRAFV600E inhibition with exogenous serine restriction. Indeed, we show that this combination promoted cell death in vitro and attenuated melanoma growth in vivo. This study identified a melanoma cell-specific PHGDH-dependent vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin Posorske
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y. Tsai
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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2
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Chew HY, Cvetkovic G, Tepic S, Wells JW. Arginase-induced cell death pathways and metabolic changes in cancer cells are not altered by insulin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4112. [PMID: 38374190 PMCID: PMC10876525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is critical for cell growth. Typically, de novo synthesis of arginine is sufficient to support cellular processes, however, it becomes vital for cancer cells that are unable to synthesise arginine due to enzyme deficiencies. Targeting this need, arginine depletion with enzymes such as arginase (ARG) has emerged as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Studies have proposed using high dose insulin to induce a state of hypoaminoacidaemia in the body, thereby further reducing circulating arginine levels. However, the mitogenic and metabolic properties of insulin could potentially counteract the therapeutic effects of ARG. Our study examined the combined impact of insulin and ARG on breast, lung, and ovarian cell lines, focusing on cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy. Our results showed that the influence of insulin on ARG uptake varied between cell lines but failed to promote the proliferation of ARG-treated cells or aid recovery post-ARG treatment. Moreover, insulin was largely ineffective in altering ARG-induced metabolic changes and did not prevent apoptosis. In vitro, at least, these findings imply that insulin does not offer a growth or survival benefit to cancer cells being treated with ARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yi Chew
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | | | | | - James W Wells
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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3
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Mossmann D, Müller C, Park S, Ryback B, Colombi M, Ritter N, Weißenberger D, Dazert E, Coto-Llerena M, Nuciforo S, Blukacz L, Ercan C, Jimenez V, Piscuoglio S, Bosch F, Terracciano LM, Sauer U, Heim MH, Hall MN. Arginine reprograms metabolism in liver cancer via RBM39. Cell 2023; 186:5068-5083.e23. [PMID: 37804830 PMCID: PMC10642370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming and how altered metabolism in turn enhances tumorigenicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that arginine levels are elevated in murine and patient hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), despite reduced expression of arginine synthesis genes. Tumor cells accumulate high levels of arginine due to increased uptake and reduced arginine-to-polyamine conversion. Importantly, the high levels of arginine promote tumor formation via further metabolic reprogramming, including changes in glucose, amino acid, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism. Mechanistically, arginine binds RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) to control expression of metabolic genes. RBM39-mediated upregulation of asparagine synthesis leads to enhanced arginine uptake, creating a positive feedback loop to sustain high arginine levels and oncogenic metabolism. Thus, arginine is a second messenger-like molecule that reprograms metabolism to promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brendan Ryback
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane Blukacz
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Jawalekar SS, Kawathe PS, Sharma N, Anakha J, Tikoo K, Pande AH. Development and characterization of fused human arginase I for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:652-663. [PMID: 37532976 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I) have emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of varied pathophysiological conditions ranging from arginine-auxotrophic cancer, inflammatory conditions and microbial infection. However, rhArg I have a low circulatory half-life, leading to poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which necessitating the rapid development of modifications to circumvent these limitations. To address this, polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated-rhArg I variants are being developed by pharmaceutical companies. However, because of the limitations associated with the clinical use of PEGylated proteins, there is a dire need in the art to develop rhArg I variant(s) which is safe (devoid of limitations of PEGylated counterpart) and possess increased circulatory half-life. In this study, we described the generation and characterization of a fused human arginase I variant (FHA-3) having improved circulatory half-life. FHA-3 protein was engineered by fusing rhArg I with a half-life extension partner (domain of human serum albumin) via a peptide linker and was produced using P. pastoris expression system. This purified biopharmaceutical (FHA-3) exhibits (i) increased arginine-hydrolyzing activity in buffer, (ii) cofactor - independency, (iii) increased circulatory half-life (t1/2) and (iv) potent anti-cancer activity against human cancer cell lines under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Sainath Jawalekar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Sugriv Kawathe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India.
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5
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Wei X, Chow HY, Chong HC, Leung SL, Ho MK, Lee MY, Leung YC. Arginine Is a Novel Drug Target for Arginine Decarboxylase in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13741. [PMID: 37762044 PMCID: PMC10531272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been proven to be highly reliant on arginine availability. Limiting arginine-rich foods or treating patients with arginine-depleting enzymes arginine deiminase (ADI) or arginase can suppress colon cancer. However, arginase and ADI are not the best drug candidates for CRC. Ornithine, the product of arginase, can enhance the supply of polyamine, which favors CRC cell growth, while citrulline, the product of ADI, faces the problem of arginine recycling due to the overexpression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase (ADC), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arginine to agmatine and carbon dioxide, may be a better choice as it combines both arginine depletion and suppression of intracellular polyamine synthesis via its product agmatine. ADC has anti-tumor potential yet has received much less attention than the other two arginine-depleting enzymes. In order to gain a better understanding of ADC, the preparation and the anti-cancer properties of this enzyme were explored in this study. When tested in vitro, ADC inhibited the proliferation of three colorectal cancer cell lines regardless of their ASS cellular expression. In contrast, ADC had a lesser cytotoxic effect on the human foreskin fibroblasts and rat primary hepatocytes. Further in vitro studies revealed that ADC induced S and G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 and LoVo cells. ADC-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells followed the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and was caspase-3-dependent. With all results obtained, we suggest that arginine is a potential target for treating colorectal cancer with ADC, and the anti-cancer properties of ADC should be more deeply investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Yin Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Chi Chong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Lun Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Ki Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Yuen Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Chu YD, Lai MW, Yeh CT. Unlocking the Potential of Arginine Deprivation Therapy: Recent Breakthroughs and Promising Future for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10668. [PMID: 37445845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that supports protein synthesis to maintain cellular functions. Recent studies suggest that arginine also promotes wound healing, cell division, ammonia metabolism, immune system regulation, and hormone biosynthesis-all of which are critical for tumor growth. These discoveries, coupled with the understanding of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, have led to renewed interest in arginine deprivation as a new anticancer therapy. Several arginine deprivation strategies have been developed and entered clinical trials. The main principle behind these therapies is that arginine auxotrophic tumors rely on external arginine sources for growth because they carry reduced key arginine-synthesizing enzymes such as argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) in the intracellular arginine cycle. To obtain anticancer effects, modified arginine-degrading enzymes, such as PEGylated recombinant human arginase 1 (rhArg1-PEG) and arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20), have been developed and shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. They have been tried as a monotherapy or in combination with other existing therapies. This review discusses recent advances in arginine deprivation therapy, including the molecular basis of extracellular arginine degradation leading to tumor cell death, and how this approach could be a valuable addition to the current anticancer arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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7
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Thakker DP, Narayanan R. Arginine deiminase produced by lactic acid bacteria as a potent anti-cancer drug. Med Oncol 2023; 40:175. [PMID: 37171497 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial-based cancer immunotherapy has recently gained widespread attention due to its exceptional mechanism of rich pathogen-associated molecular patterns in anti-cancer immune responses. Contrary to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and phototherapy, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has the unique ability to suppress cancer by selectively accumulating and growing in tumours. In the view of this, several bacterial strains are being used for the treatment of cancer. Of which, lactic acid bacteria are a powerful, albeit still inadequately understood bacteria that possess a wide source of bioactive chemicals. Lactic acid bacteria metabolites, such as bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides show antitumour property. Amino acid pathways, which have lately been focussed as a new strategy to cancer therapy, are key element of the adaptability and dysregulation of metabolic pathways identified in proliferation of tumour cells. Arginine metabolism, in particular, has been shown to be critical for cancer therapy. As a result, better understanding of arginine metabolism in LAB and cancer cells could lead to new cancer therapeutic targets. This review will outline current advances in the interaction of arginine metabolism with cancer therapy and propose an arginine deiminase expression system to combat cancer more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshali P Thakker
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajnish Narayanan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Anakha J, Prasad YR, Sharma N, Pande AH. Human arginase I: a potential broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 37152001 PMCID: PMC10156892 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With high rates of morbidity and mortality, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to public health on a global scale. Considering the discrepancies in metabolism between cancer and normal cells, metabolism-based anti-cancer biopharmaceuticals are gaining importance. Normal cells can synthesize arginine, but they can also take up extracellular arginine, making it a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine auxotrophy occurs when a cancer cell has abnormalities in the enzymes involved in arginine metabolism and relies primarily on extracellular arginine to support its biological functions. Taking advantage of arginine auxotrophy in cancer cells, arginine deprivation, which can be induced by introducing recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I), is being developed as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer therapy. This has led to the development of various rhArg I variants, which have shown remarkable anti-cancer activity. This article discusses the importance of arginine auxotrophy in cancer and different arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes that are in various stages of clinical development and reviews the need for a novel rhArg I that mitigates the limitations of the existing therapies. Further, we have also analyzed the necessity as well as the significance of using rhArg I to treat various arginine-auxotrophic cancers while considering the importance of their genetic profiles, particularly urea cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Abhay H. Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
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9
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The addition of arginine deiminase potentiates Mithramycin A-induced cell death in patient-derived glioblastoma cells via ATF4 and cytochrome C. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36843002 PMCID: PMC9969664 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine auxotrophy constitutes a shortcoming for ~ 30% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Indeed, arginine-depleting therapy using arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI) has proven activity against GBM in preclinical studies. The good safety profile of SpyADI renders this agent an ideal combination partner for cytostatic therapy. METHODS In this study, we combined the antineoplastic antibiotic Mithramycin A (MitA) with SpyADI to boost single-agent activity and analyzed underlying response mechanisms in-depth. RESULTS MitA monotherapy induced a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in eight patient-derived GBM cell lines and had a radiosensitizing effect in all but one cell line. Combination treatment boosted the effects of the monotherapy in 2D- and 3D models. The simultaneous approach was superior to the sequential application and significantly impaired colony formation after repetitive treatment. MitA monotherapy significantly inhibited GBM invasiveness. However, this effect was not enhanced in the combination. Functional analysis identified SpyADI-triggered senescence induction accompanied by increased mitochondrial membrane polarization upon mono- and combination therapy. In HROG63, induction of lysosomes was seen after both monotherapies, indicative of autophagy. These cells seemed swollen and had a more pronounced cortically formed cytoskeleton. Also, cytochrome C and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress-associated proteins ATF4 and Calnexin were enhanced in the combination, contributing to apoptosis. Notably, no significant increases in glioma-stemness marker were seen. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic utilization of a metabolic defect in GBM along with cytostatic therapy provides a novel combination approach. Whether this SpyADI/MitA regimen will provide a safe alternative to combat GBM, will have to be addressed in subsequent (pre-)clinical trials.
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10
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Influence of the Nature of Amino Acids on the Formation of Supramolecular Complexes with Calixarenemethylene-bis-Phosphonic Acid. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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12
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Hassabo AA, Abdelraof M, Allam RM. L-arginase from Streptomyces diastaticus MAM5 as a potential therapeutic agent in breast cancer: Purification, characterization, G1 phase arrest and autophagy induction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:634-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Sun N, Tian Y, Chen Y, Guo W, Li C. Metabolic rewiring directs melanoma immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909580. [PMID: 36003368 PMCID: PMC9393691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma results from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and accounts for the most lethal type of skin cancers. In the pathogenesis of melanoma, disordered metabolism is a hallmark characteristic with multiple metabolic paradigms involved in, e.g., glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy. Under the driving forces of oncogenic mutations, melanoma metabolism is rewired to provide not only building bricks for macromolecule synthesis and sufficient energy for rapid proliferation and metastasis but also various metabolic intermediates for signal pathway transduction. Of note, metabolic alterations in tumor orchestrate tumor immunology by affecting the functions of surrounding immune cells, thereby interfering with their antitumor capacity, in addition to the direct influence on tumor cell intrinsic biological activities. In this review, we first introduced the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment proceedings of melanoma. Then, the components of the tumor microenvironment, especially different populations of immune cells and their roles in antitumor immunity, were reviewed. Sequentially, how metabolic rewiring contributes to tumor cell malignant behaviors in melanoma pathogenesis was discussed. Following this, the proceedings of metabolism- and metabolic intermediate-regulated tumor immunology were comprehensively dissertated. Finally, we summarized currently available drugs that can be employed to target metabolism to intervene tumor immunology and modulate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yangzi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Chunying Li, ; Weinan Guo,
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Chunying Li, ; Weinan Guo,
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14
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Characterisation of Expression the Arginine Pathway Enzymes in Childhood Brain Tumours to Determine Susceptibility to Therapeutic Arginine Depletion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9008685. [PMID: 35782058 PMCID: PMC9242779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9008685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in treatment and survival in paediatric cancers, outcomes for children with brain tumours remain poor. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival and quality of survival. Extracellular arginine dependency (auxotrophy) has been recognised in several tumours as a potential therapeutic target. This dependency is due to the inability of cancer cells to recycle or synthesise intracellular arginine through the urea cycle pathway compared to normal cells. Whilst adult glioblastoma exhibits this dependency, the expression of the arginine pathway enzymes has not been delineated in paediatric brain tumours. We used immunohistochemical (IHC) methods to stain for arginine pathway enzymes in paediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), low-grade glioma (pLGG), ependymoma (EPN), and medulloblastoma (MB) tumour tissue microarrays (TMAs). The antibodies detected protein expression of the metaboliser arginase (Arg1 and Arg2); recycling enzymes ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL); and the transporter SLC7A1. Deficiency of OTC, ASS1, and ASL was seen in 87.5%, 94%, and 79% of pHGG samples, respectively, consistent with an auxotrophic signature. Similar result was obtained in pLGG with 96%, 93%, and 91% of tumours being deficient in ASL, ASS1, and OTC, respectively. 79%, 88%, and 85% of MB cases were ASL, ASS1, and OTC deficient whilst ASL and OTC were deficient in 57% and 91% of EPN samples. All tumour types highly expressed SLC7A1 and Arginase, with Arg2 being the main isoform, demonstrating that they could transport and utilise arginine. Our results show that pHGG, pLGG, EPN, and MB demonstrate arginine auxotrophy based on protein expression and are likely to be susceptible to arginine depletion. Pegylated arginase (BCT-100) is currently in phase I/II trials in relapsed pHGG. Our results suggest that therapeutic arginine depletion may also be useful in other tumour types and IHC analysis of patient tumour samples could help identify patients likely to benefit from this treatment.
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15
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Chung SF, Tam SY, Kim CF, Chong HC, Lee LMY, Leung YC. Mono-PEGylated thermostable Bacillus caldovelox arginase mutant (BCA-M-PEG20) induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition in gastric cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:895-904. [PMID: 35857203 PMCID: PMC9395487 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in the world, especially in Asia with high mortality due to a lack of effective treatment. The potential usage of the newly constructed arginine-depleting enzyme-mono-PEGylated Bacillus caldovelox arginase mutant (BCA-M-PEG20), an effective drug against multiple cancer cell lines such as cervical and lung cancers, for the treatment of gastric cancer was demonstrated. Our results indicated that BCA-M-PEG20 significantly inhibited argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS)-positive gastric cancer cells, MKN-45 and BGC-823, while another arginine-depleting enzyme, arginine deiminase (ADI, currently under Phase III clinical trial), failed to suppress the growth of gastric cancer cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that BCA-M-PEG20 inhibited MKN-45 cells by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the S phase under 0.58 U/mL (IC<sub>50</sub> values). Significant caspase-dependent apoptosis was induced in MKN-45 after the treatment with 2.32 U/mL of BCA-M-PEG20. In vivo studies showed that administrations of BCA-M-PEG20 at 250 U/mouse twice per week significantly suppressed about 50% of tumor growth in the MKN-45 gastric cancer xenograft model. Taken together, BCA-M-PEG20 demonstrated a superior potential to be an anti-gastric cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Fung Chung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet-Ying Tam
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Kim
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Chi Chong
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo Man-Yuen Lee
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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16
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NKX2-1 re-expression induces cell death through apoptosis and necrosis in dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259558. [PMID: 34748583 PMCID: PMC8575255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) is a thyroid transcription factor essential for proper thyroid formation and maintaining its physiological function. In thyroid cancer, NKX2-1 expression decreases in parallel with declined differentiation. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms connecting NKX2-1 to thyroid cancer phenotypes are largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of NKX2-1 re-expression on dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cell death and explore the underlying mechanisms. A human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line lacking NKX2-1 expression was infected with an adenoviral vector containing Nkx2-1. Cell viability decreased after Nkx2-1 transduction and apoptosis and necrosis were detected. Arginase 2 (ARG2), regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4), and RGS5 mRNA expression was greatly increased in Nkx2-1-transducted cells. After suppressing these genes by siRNA, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis decreased in RGS4 knockdown cells. These findings demonstrated that cell death was induced via apoptosis and necrosis by NKX2-1 re-expression and involves RGS4.
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17
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Li M, Qin J, Xiong K, Jiang B, Zhang T. Review of arginase as a promising biocatalyst: characteristics, preparation, applications and future challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:651-667. [PMID: 34612104 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1947962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As a committed step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. l-Ornithine is essential to: cell proliferation, collagen formation and other physiological functions, while the urea cycle itself converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. Recently, arginase was exploited as an efficient catalyst for the environmentally friendly synthesis of l-ornithine, an abundant nonprotein amino acid that is widely employed as a food supplement and nutrition product. It was also proposed as an arginine-reducing agent in order to treat arginase deficiency and to be a means of depleting arginine to treat arginine auxotrophic tumors. Targeting arginase inhibitors of the arginase/ornithine pathway offers great promise as a therapy for: cardiovascular, central nervous system diseases and cancers with high arginase expression. In this review, recent advances in the characteristics, structure, catalytic mechanism and preparation of arginase were summarized, with a focus being placed on the biotechnical and medical applications of arginase. In particular, perspectives have been presented on the challenges and opportunities for the environmentally friendly utilization of arginase during l-ornithine production and in therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Xiong
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Arginine depriving enzymes: applications as emerging therapeutics in cancer treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:565-594. [PMID: 34309734 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy and other medications are employed to treat various types of cancer. However, each treatment has its own set of side effects, owing to its low specificity. As a result, there is an urgent need for newer therapeutics that do not disrupt healthy cells' normal functioning. Depriving nutrient or non/semi-essential amino acids to which cancerous cells are auxotrophic remains one such promising anticancer strategy. L-Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential vital amino acid involved in versatile metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and cancer cell proliferation. Hence, the administration of Arg depriving enzymes (ADE) such as arginase, arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and arginine deiminase (ADI) could be effective in cancer therapy. The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT). These therapeutic enzyme treatments induce cell death through inducing autophagy, apoptosis, generation of oxidative species, i.e., oxidative stress, and arresting the progression and expansion of cancerous cells at certain cell cycle checkpoints. The enzymes are undergoing clinical trials and could be successfully exploited as potential anticancer agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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19
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Wu C, You M, Nguyen D, Wangpaichitr M, Li YY, Feun LG, Kuo MT, Savaraj N. Enhancing the Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling and Arginine Deprivation in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147628. [PMID: 34299249 PMCID: PMC8306073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma as a very aggressive type of cancer is still in urgent need of improved treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) are two of many suggested drugs for treating melanoma. Both have shown anti-tumor activities without harming normal cells. However, resistance to both drugs has also been noted. Studies on the mechanism of action of and resistance to these drugs provide multiple targets that can be utilized to increase the efficacy and overcome the resistance. As a result, combination strategies have been proposed for these drug candidates with various other agents, and achieved enhanced or synergistic anti-tumor effect. The combination of TRAIL and ADI-PEG20 as one example can greatly enhance the cytotoxicity to melanoma cells including those resistant to the single component of this combination. It is found that combination treatment generally can alter the expression of the components of cell signaling in melanoma cells to favor cell death. In this paper, the signaling of TRAIL and ADI-PEG20-induced arginine deprivation including the main mechanism of resistance to these drugs and exemplary combination strategies is discussed. Finally, factors hampering the clinical application of both drugs, current and future development to overcome these hurdles are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Min You
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Macus T. Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-575-3143; Fax: +1-305-575-3375
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20
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van Geffen C, Deißler A, Beer-Hammer S, Nürnberg B, Handgretinger R, Renz H, Hartl D, Kolahian S. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Dampen Airway Inflammation Through Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695933. [PMID: 34322123 PMCID: PMC8311661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a mechanistic role for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in lung diseases like asthma. Previously, we showed that adoptive transfer of MDSCs dampens lung inflammation in murine models of asthma through cyclooxygenase-2 and arginase-1 pathways. Here, we further dissected this mechanism by studying the role and therapeutic relevance of the downstream mediator prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) in a murine model of asthma. We adoptively transferred MDSCs generated using an EP4 agonist in a murine model of asthma and studied the consequences on airway inflammation. Furthermore, pegylated human arginase-1 was used to model MDSC effector activities. We demonstrate that the selective EP4 agonist L-902,688 increased the number and suppressive activity of MDSCs through arginase-1 and nitric oxide synthase-2. These results showed that adoptive transfer of EP4-primed MDSCs, EP4 agonism alone or arginase-1 administration ameliorated lung inflammatory responses and histopathological changes in asthmatic mice. Collectively, our results provide evidence that MDSCs dampen airway inflammation in murine asthma through a mechanism involving EP4.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Arginase/metabolism
- Arginase/pharmacology
- Arthropod Proteins/immunology
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/transplantation
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Pneumonia/therapy
- Pyroglyphidae/immunology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Deißler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics & Drug Research (IZePhA), University Hospitals and Clinics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics & Drug Research (IZePhA), University Hospitals and Clinics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Children’s University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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21
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Bhingarkar A, Vangapandu HV, Rathod S, Hoshitsuki K, Fernandez CA. Amino Acid Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694526. [PMID: 34277440 PMCID: PMC8281237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism plays an important role in many cellular processes including energy production, immune function, and purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer cells therefore require increased AA uptake and undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the energy demand associated with their rapid proliferation. Like many other cancers, myeloid leukemias are vulnerable to specific therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dependencies. Herein, our review provides a comprehensive overview and TCGA data analysis of biosynthetic enzymes required for non-essential AA synthesis and their dysregulation in myeloid leukemias. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways of AA sensing on metabolic vulnerability and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboli Bhingarkar
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Zhao Z, Zhang P, Li W, Wang D, Ke C, Liu Y, Ho JCM, Cheng PNM, Xu S. Pegylated Recombinant Human Arginase 1 Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis via the ROS-Activated AKT/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5510663. [PMID: 33791071 PMCID: PMC7996046 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, especially in males. Current therapeutic interventions, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have not been able to improve the clinical outcome of bladder cancer patients with satisfaction. Recombinant human arginase (rhArg, BCT-100) is a novel agent with great anticancer effects on arginine-auxotrophic tumors. However, the effects of BCT-100 on bladder cancer remain unclear. In this study, the in vitro anticancer effects of BCT-100 were assessed using four bladder cancer cell lines (J82, SCaBER, T24, and 5637), while the in vivo effects were evaluated by establishing T24 nude mice xenograft models. Intracellular arginine level was observed to be sharply decreased followed by the onset of apoptotic events. Furthermore, BCT-100 was found to induce H2O2 production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, leading to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and Smac to the cytosol. Treatment with BCT was observed to upregulate the expression of LC3B and Becllin-1, but downregulate the expression of p62 in a time-dependent manner. Autophagic flux was also observed upon BCT-100 treatment. Besides, the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway was suppressed in a time-dependent fashion in BCT-100-treated T24 cells. While N-acetyl-L-cysteine was shown to alleviate BCT-100-induced apoptosis and autophagy, chloroquine, MK-2206, and rapamycin were found to potentiate BCT-100-triggered apoptosis. Finally, BCT-100 was demonstrated to induce autophagy and apoptosis via the ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengchuan Wang
- Office of Medical Ethics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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23
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Wang Z, Xie Q, Zhou H, Zhang M, Shen J, Ju D. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:582587. [PMID: 33510635 PMCID: PMC7836011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly in amino acid deprivation by enzymes. L-asparaginase was approved for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Arginine deiminase and recombinant human arginase have been developed into clinical trials as potential cancer therapeutic agents for the treatment of arginine-auxotrophic tumors. Moreover, other novel amino acid degrading enzymes, such as glutaminase, methionase, lysine oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, have been developed for the treatment of malignant cancers. One of the greatest obstacles faced by anticancer drugs is the development of drug resistance, which is reported to be associated with autophagy. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that is responsible for the degradation of dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is a growing body of literature revealing that, in response to metabolism stress, autophagy could be induced by amino acid deprivation. The manipulation of autophagy in combination with amino acid degrading enzymes is actively being investigated as a potential therapeutic approach in preclinical studies. Importantly, shedding light on how autophagy fuels tumor metabolism during amino acid deprivation will enable more potential combinational therapeutic strategies. This study summarizes recent advances, discussing several potential anticancer enzymes, and highlighting the promising combined therapeutic strategy of amino acid degrading enzymes and autophagy modulators in tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghong Xie
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Chung SF, Tam SY, Leung YC, Guan X. Arginine deprivation as a strategy for cancer therapy: An insight into drug design and drug combination. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:58-70. [PMID: 33429005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that cancer cells have specific nutrient auxotrophy and thus have much a higher demand for certain nutrients than normal cells. Amino acid deprivation has attracted much attention in cancer therapy with positive outcomes from clinical trials. Arginine, as one of the conditionally essential amino acids, plays a pivotal role in cellular division and metabolism. Since many types of cancer cells exhibit decreased expression of argininosuccinate synthetase and/or ornithine transcarbamylase, they are auxotrophic for arginine, which makes arginine deprivation an accessible choice for cancer treatment. Arginine deiminase (ADI) and human arginase (hArg) are the two major protein drugs used for arginine deprivation and are undergoing many clinical trials. However, the clinical application of ADI and hArg is facing some common problems, including their short half-lives, immunogenicity and inconsistent production, which underlines the importance of improving these drugs using protein engineering techniques. Thus, we systematically review the latest studies of protein engineering and anti-cancer studies based on in vitro, in vivo and clinical models of ADI and hArg, and we include the latest studies on drug combinations consisting of ADI/hArg with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Fung Chung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet-Ying Tam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Recombinant Bacillus caldovelox Arginase Mutant (BCA-M) Induces Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle Arrest and Growth Inhibition in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207445. [PMID: 33050217 PMCID: PMC7589785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With our recent success in developing a recombinant human arginase drug against broad-spectrum cancer cell lines, we have explored the potential of a recombinant Bacillus caldovelox arginase mutant (BCA-M) for human cervical cancer treatment. Our studies demonstrated that BCA-M significantly inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cells in vitro regardless of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) expression. Drug susceptibilities correlate well with the expressions of major urea cycle genes and completeness of L-arginine regeneration pathways. With the expressions of ASS and ASL genes conferring resistance to L-arginine deiminase (ADI) which is undergoing Phase III clinical trial, BCA-M offers the advantage of a broader spectrum of susceptible cancer cells. Mechanistic studies showed that BCA-M inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S and/or G2/M phases. Our results also displayed that autophagy served as a protective mechanism, while the growth inhibitory effects of BCA-M could be enhanced synergistically by its combination to the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), on human cervical cancer cells.
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26
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Khoshnejad M, Perales-Puchalt A, Dia Y, Xiao P, Patel A, Xu Z, Zhu X, Yun K, Baboo I, Qureshi R, Humeau L, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Synthetic DNA Delivery of an Engineered Arginase Enzyme Can Modulate Specific Immunity In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:652-663. [PMID: 32802913 PMCID: PMC7406982 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arginase is a complex and unique enzyme that plays diverse roles in health and disease. By metabolizing arginine, it can shape the outcome of innate and adaptive immune responses. The immunomodulatory capabilities of arginase could potentially be applied for local immunosuppression or induction of immune tolerance. With the use of an enhanced DNA delivery approach, we designed and studied a DNA-encoded secretable arginase enzyme as a tool for immune modulation and evaluated its immunomodulatory function in vivo. Strong immunosuppression of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and CD8 T cells, as well as macrophages and dendritic cells, was observed in vitro in the presence of an arginase-rich supernatant. To further evaluate the efficacy of DNA-encoded arginase on in vivo immunosuppression against an antigen, a cancer antigen vaccine model was used in the presence or absence of DNA-encoded arginase. Significant in vivo immunosuppression was observed in the presence of DNA-encoded arginase. The efficacy of this DNA-encoded arginase delivery was examined in a local, imiquimod-induced, psoriasis-like, skin-inflammation model. Pretreatment of animals with the synthetic DNA-encoded arginase led to significant decreases in skin acanthosis, proinflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory molecules in extracted macrophages and dendritic cells. These results draw attention to the potential of direct in vivo-delivered arginase to function as an immunomodulatory agent for treatment of local inflammation or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Khoshnejad
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kun Yun
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ishana Baboo
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rehman Qureshi
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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A bioengineered arginine-depleting enzyme as a long-lasting therapeutic agent against cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3921-3934. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Lercher A, Bhattacharya A, Popa AM, Caldera M, Schlapansky MF, Baazim H, Agerer B, Gürtl B, Kosack L, Májek P, Brunner JS, Vitko D, Pinter T, Genger JW, Orlova A, Pikor N, Reil D, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Kalinke U, Ludewig B, Moriggl R, Bennett KL, Menche J, Cheng PN, Schabbauer G, Trauner M, Klavins K, Bergthaler A. Type I Interferon Signaling Disrupts the Hepatic Urea Cycle and Alters Systemic Metabolism to Suppress T Cell Function. Immunity 2019; 51:1074-1087.e9. [PMID: 31784108 PMCID: PMC6926485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz F Schlapansky
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gürtl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theresa Pinter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Reil
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvár-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul N Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Lecot P, Sarabi M, Pereira Abrantes M, Mussard J, Koenderman L, Caux C, Bendriss-Vermare N, Michallet MC. Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Cancer: From Biology to Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2155. [PMID: 31616408 PMCID: PMC6764113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been extensively described in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence also suggests the important role of neutrophils in cancer progression through their interaction with cancer and immune cells in blood and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most studies have described neutrophils as key drivers of cancer progression, due to their involvement in various tumor promoting functions including proliferation, aggressiveness, and dissemination, as well as in immune suppression. However, such studies were focusing on late-stages of tumorigenesis, in which chronic inflammation had already developed. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) at early stages of tumor development remains poorly described, though recent findings indicate that early-stage TANs may display anti-tumor properties. Beyond their role at tumor site, evidence supported by NLR retrospective studies and functional analyses suggest that blood neutrophils could also actively contribute to tumorigenesis. Hence, it appears that the phenotype and functions of neutrophils vary greatly during tumor progression, highlighting their heterogeneity. The origin of pro- or anti-tumor neutrophils is generally believed to arise following a change in cell state, from resting to activated. Moreover, the fate of neutrophils may also involve distinct differentiation programs yielding various subsets of pro or anti-tumor neutrophils. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on neutrophils heterogeneity across different tissues and their impact on tumorigenesis, as well as neutrophil-based therapeutic strategies that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, paving the way for the design of neutrophil-based next generation immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacôme Lecot
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Sarabi
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Manuela Pereira Abrantes
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Mussard
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
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30
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Xu S, Lam SK, Cheng PNM, Ho JCM. Contactin 1 modulates pegylated arginase resistance in small cell lung cancer through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12030. [PMID: 31427725 PMCID: PMC6700313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Previously we demonstrated the potential anticancer effect of pegylated arginase BCT-100 in SCLC cell lines and xenograft models. To facilitate future clinical application of BCT-100 in SCLC treatment, we elucidated the potential mechanisms that underlie acquired drug resistance to BCT-100. H446 and H526 SCLC cells were serially cultured in stepwise increasing concentrations of BCT-100 until stable BCT-100-resistant cell lines emerged (H446-BR and H526-BR). Compared with parent cells, H446-BR and H526-BR displayed stronger migration ability, anoikis resistance and EMT progression. Gene chip assay was employed to select three potential targets (CDH17, CNTN-1 and IGF2BP1). Silencing CNTN-1 rather than CDH17 or IGF2BP1 in H446-BR and H526-BR cells re-sensitized resistant cells to BCT-100 treatment and attenuated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. The AKT signaling pathway was activated in H446-BR and H526-BR cells accompanied by EMT progression, and AKT inhibitor LY294002 reversed the EMT progression in resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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31
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Zou S, Wang X, Liu P, Ke C, Xu S. Arginine metabolism and deprivation in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109210. [PMID: 31330440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cancer cells with nutrient auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared with normal human cells. Arginine as a versatile amino acid, has multiple biological functions in metabolic and signaling pathways. Depletion of this amino acid by arginine depletor is generally well tolerated and has become a targeted therapy for arginine auxotrophic cancers. However, the modulatory eff ;ect of arginine on cancer cells is very complicated and still controversial. Therefore, this article focuses on arginine metabolism and depletion therapy in cancer treatment to provide systemical review on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangmei Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Po Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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32
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Endogenous arginase 2 as a potential biomarker for PEGylated arginase 1 treatment in xenograft models of squamous cell lung carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:18. [PMID: 30808864 PMCID: PMC6391460 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of arginine induced by PEGylated arginase 1 (ARG1) (BCT-100) has shown anticancer effects in arginine auxotrophic cancers that lack argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). High levels of endogenous arginase 2 (ARG2) have been previously reported in human lung cancers. Although a high-ARG2 level neither causes immunosuppression nor affects disease progression, it may theoretically affect the efficacy of PEGylated ARG1 treatment. ARG2 was shown to be highly expressed in H520 squamous cell lung carcinoma (lung SCC) xenografts but undetectable in SK-MES-1 and SW900 lung SCC xenografts. We propose that high-endogenous expression of ARG2 could impede the anti-tumor effect of PEGylated ARG1 in lung SCC. The in vivo effect of PEGylated ARG1 was investigated using three xenograft models of lung SCC. PEGylated ARG1 (60 mg/kg) suppressed tumor growth in SK-MES-1 and SW900 but not H520 xenografts. ASS1 was expressed in SK-MES-1 and SW900 xenografts while OTC expression remained low in all xenografts. A high-endogenous ARG2 level was detected only in H520 xenografts. Serum arginine level was decreased significantly by PEGylated ARG1 in all xenografts. Nonetheless intratumoral arginine level was decreased by PEGylated ARG1 in SK-MES-1 and SW900, not H520 xenografts. In SK-MES-1 xenografts, PEGylated ARG1 treatment induced G1 arrest, downregulation of Ki67 and Mcl-1 and activation of apoptosis. In SW900 xenografts, upregulation of Bim and activation of apoptosis were observed upon PEGylated ARG1 treatment. Silencing of ARG2 re-sensitized the H520 xenografts to PEGylated ARG1 treatment, partially mediated through arginine depletion via G1 arrest and apoptosis. PEGylated ARG1 treatment (BCT-100) was effective in lung SCC xenografts with low-endogenous levels of ASS1/OTC and ARG2. High-endogenous ARG2 expression may cause resistance to PEGylated ARG1 treatment in lung SCC xenografts. ARG2 may serve as a third predictive biomarker in PEGylated ARG1 treatment in lung SCC.
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33
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Conductometric biosensor for arginine determination in pharmaceutics. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Poillet-Perez L, Xie X, Zhan L, Yang Y, Sharp DW, Hu ZS, Su X, Maganti A, Jiang C, Lu W, Zheng H, Bosenberg MW, Mehnert JM, Guo JY, Lattime E, Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine. Nature 2018; 563:569-573. [PMID: 30429607 PMCID: PMC6287937 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy captures intracellular components and delivers them to lysosomes, where they are degraded and recycled to sustain metabolism and to enable survival during starvation1-5. Acute, whole-body deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in adult mice causes a systemic metabolic defect that manifests as starvation intolerance and gradual loss of white adipose tissue, liver glycogen and muscle mass1. Cancer cells also benefit from autophagy. Deletion of essential autophagy genes impairs the metabolism, proliferation, survival and malignancy of spontaneous tumours in models of autochthonous cancer6,7. Acute, systemic deletion of Atg7 or acute, systemic expression of a dominant-negative ATG4b in mice induces greater regression of KRAS-driven cancers than does tumour-specific autophagy deletion, which suggests that host autophagy promotes tumour growth1,8. Here we show that host-specific deletion of Atg7 impairs the growth of multiple allografted tumours, although not all tumour lines were sensitive to host autophagy status. Loss of autophagy in the host was associated with a reduction in circulating arginine, and the sensitive tumour cell lines were arginine auxotrophs owing to the lack of expression of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase 1. Serum proteomic analysis identified the arginine-degrading enzyme arginase I (ARG1) in the circulation of Atg7-deficient hosts, and in vivo arginine metabolic tracing demonstrated that serum arginine was degraded to ornithine. ARG1 is predominantly expressed in the liver and can be released from hepatocytes into the circulation. Liver-specific deletion of Atg7 produced circulating ARG1, and reduced both serum arginine and tumour growth. Deletion of Atg5 in the host similarly regulated [corrected] circulating arginine and suppressed tumorigenesis, which demonstrates that this phenotype is specific to autophagy function rather than to deletion of Atg7. Dietary supplementation of Atg7-deficient hosts with arginine partially restored levels of circulating arginine and tumour growth. Thus, defective autophagy in the host leads to the release of ARG1 from the liver and the degradation of circulating arginine, which is essential for tumour growth; this identifies a metabolic vulnerability of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Le Zhan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel W Sharp
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyang Su
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anurag Maganti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cherry Jiang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Janice M Mehnert
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Developmental Therapeutics Unit, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Edmund Lattime
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Xu S, Lam SK, Cheng PNM, Ho JCM. Recombinant human arginase induces apoptosis through oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3471-3482. [PMID: 30155941 PMCID: PMC6215893 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 13% of all lung cancer cases. Small cell lung cancer is characterized by frequent relapse, and current treatments lack tumor specificity. Arginine is a non‐essential amino acid for human normal cells but critical to some tumor cells that cannot synthesize arginine. Therefore, arginine deprivation has become a potential therapeutic option for selected tumors. BCT‐100 is a pegylated arginase that has documented anticancer activity in arginine auxotrophic tumors, such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. One of the resistance mechanisms to arginase treatment is overexpression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), two important enzymes in the urea cycle. We selected 9 SCLC and 1 non‐small cell lung carcinoma cell lines to determine the growth inhibition effects of BCT‐100 and established that cell lines with low expression of ASS1 and OTC are relatively sensitive to BCT‐100 treatment. Knocking down OTC in a H841 cell line could potentiate its sensitivity to BCT‐100 treatment. Arginine concentration was sharply decreased, accompanied by apoptosis through oxidative stress as well as G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, BCT‐100 showed an anticancer effect on H446 and H510A xenograft models by lowering arginine levels and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme metabolism to maximize the use of nitrogen and carbon for the anabolic synthesis of macromolecules that are required during tumour proliferation and growth. To achieve this aim, one strategy is to reduce catabolism and nitrogen disposal. The urea cycle (UC) in the liver is the main metabolic pathway to convert excess nitrogen into disposable urea. Outside the liver, UC enzymes are differentially expressed, enabling the use of nitrogen for the synthesis of UC intermediates that are required to accommodate cellular needs. Interestingly, the expression of UC enzymes is altered in cancer, revealing a revolutionary mechanism to maximize nitrogen incorporation into biomass. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic benefits underlying UC deregulation in cancer and the relevance of these alterations for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Lam SK, U KP, Li YY, Xu S, Cheng PNM, Ho JCM. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase 1 facilitates pegylated arginase treatment in lung adenocarcinoma xenograft models. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1994-2004. [PMID: 30066894 PMCID: PMC6111542 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine depletion has shown anticancer effects among arginine auxotrophic cancers. An anti-proliferative effect of pegylated arginase (BCT-100) has been shown in acute myeloid leukaemia, hepatocellular carcinoma and mesothelioma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of BCT-100 in lung adenocarcinoma. A panel of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and xenograft models were used to investigate the effect of BCT-100. Protein expression, arginine level, putrescine level, spermidine level and apoptosis were analyzed by western blotting, ELISA, high performance liquid chromatography, dot blot and TUNEL assay, respectively. BCT-100 converts arginine to ornithine. BCT-100 reduced in vitro cell viability across different lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and suppressed tumour growth in an HCC4006 ×enograft, while paradoxical growth stimulation was observed in H358, HCC827, H1650 and H1975 ×enografts. Upon BCT-100 treatment, ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) was induced in two solid tumour xenografts (H1650 and H1975). It was postulated that the accumulated ornithine could be channeled via ODC1 to produce polyamines that promoted tumour growth. The action of an ODC1 inhibitor (α-difluoromethylornithine, DFMO) was studied in the restoration of the anticancer effects of BCT-100 in lung adenocarcinoma. In both H1650 and H1975 ×enografts, a combination of DFMO and BCT-100 significantly suppressed tumour growth, resulting in doubled median survival compared with the control. Putrescine was decreased in almost all treatment arms in the H1650, H1975 and HCC4006 ×enografts. Nonetheless spermidine was reduced only following DFMO/BCT-100 treatment in the H1650 and H1975 ×enografts. Apoptosis was enhanced in the combined treatment arm in both H1650 and H1975 ×enografts. In the HCC4006 ×enograft, addition of DFMO did not alter the tumour suppressive effect of BCT-100. In conclusion, inhibition of ODC1 by DFMO was crucial in facilitating BCT-100 treatment in lung adenocarcinoma that was partially mediated by depleting arginine and polyamines with consequent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kin Pong U
- Bio‑Cancer Treatment International, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Shi Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | | | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Jahani M, Noroznezhad F, Mansouri K. Arginine: Challenges and opportunities of this two-faced molecule in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:594-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Soldatkin OO, Marchenko SV, Soldatkina OV, Cherenok SO, Kalchenko OI, Prynova OS, Sylenko OM, Kalchenko VI, Dzyadevych SV. Conductometric sensor with calixarene-based chemosensitive element for the arginine detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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40
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De Santo C, Cheng P, Beggs A, Egan S, Bessudo A, Mussai F. Metabolic therapy with PEG-arginase induces a sustained complete remission in immunotherapy-resistant melanoma. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:68. [PMID: 29776373 PMCID: PMC5960181 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a poor prognosis. Current treatment strategies for high-stage melanoma are based around the use of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PDL1 or anti-CTLA4 antibodies to stimulate anti-cancer T cell responses, yet a number of patients will relapse and die of disease. Here, we report the first sustained complete remission in a patient with metastatic melanoma who failed two immunotherapy strategies, by targeting tumour arginine metabolism. CASE PRESENTATION A 65-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma who progressed through two immunotherapy strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies was enrolled in a phase I study (NCT02285101) and treated with 2 mg/kg intravenously, weekly pegylated recombinant arginase (BCT-100). The patient experienced no toxicities > grade 2 and entered a complete remission which is sustained for over 30 months. RNA-sequencing identified a number of transcriptomic pathway alterations compared to control samples. The tumour had absent expression of the recycling enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) indicating a state of arginine auxotrophy, which was reconfirmed by immunohistochemistry, and validation in a larger cohort of melanoma tumour samples. CONCLUSIONS Targeting arginine metabolism with therapeutic arginase in arginine auxotrophic melanoma can be an effective salvage for the treatment of patients who fail immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International, Ltd., Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sharon Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Syrian Arab Republic
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42
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Maletzki C, Rosche Y, Riess C, Scholz A, William D, Classen CF, Kreikemeyer B, Linnebacher M, Fiedler T. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of arginine deiminase-based therapy - Comparative response analysis in paired human primary and recurrent glioblastomas. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:179-188. [PMID: 28989041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arginine auxotrophy constitutes the Achilles' heel for several tumors, among them glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Hence, arginine-depleting enzymes such as arginine deiminase (ADI) from Streptococcus pyogenes are promising for treatment of primary and maybe even refractory GBM. Based on our previous study in which ADI-susceptibility was shown on a panel of patient-derived GBM cell lines, we here aimed at deciphering underlying molecular mechanisms of ADI-mediated growth inhibition. We found that ADI (35 mU/mL) initially induces a cellular stress-response that is characterized by upregulation of genes primarily belonging to the heat-shock protein family. In addition to autophagocytosis, we show for the first time that senescence constitutes another cellular response mechanism upon ADI-treatment and that this bacterial enzyme is able to act as radiosensitizer (¼ cases). Long-term treatment schedules revealed no resistance development, with treated cells showing morphological signs of cell stress. Next, several combination strategies were employed to optimize ADI-based treatment. Simultaneous and sequential S. pyogenes ADI-based combinations included substances acting at different molecular pathways (curcumin, resveratrol, quinacrine, and sorafenib, 2 × 72 h treatment). Adding drugs to GBM cell lines (n = 4, including a matched pair of primary and recurrent GBM in one case) accelerated and potentiated ADI-mediated cytotoxicity. Autophagy was identified as the main cause of tumor growth inhibition. Of note, residual cells again showed classical signs of senescence in most combinations. Our results suggest an alternative treatment regimen for this fatal cancer type which circumvents many of the traditional barriers. Using the metabolic defect in GBM thus warrants further (pre-) clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maletzki
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Rosche
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christin Riess
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Aline Scholz
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen William
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany; University Childrens' Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- University Childrens' Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tomas Fiedler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Starkova J, Hermanova I, Hlozkova K, Hararova A, Trka J. Altered Metabolism of Leukemic Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 336:93-147. [PMID: 29413894 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cancer metabolic program alters bioenergetic processes to meet the higher demands of tumor cells for biomass production, nucleotide synthesis, and NADPH-balancing redox homeostasis. It is widely accepted that cancer cells mostly utilize glycolysis, as opposed to normal cells, in which oxidative phosphorylation is the most employed bioenergetic process. Still, studies examining cancer metabolism had been overlooked for many decades, and it was only recently discovered that metabolic alterations affect both the oncogenic potential and therapeutic response. Since most of the published works concern solid tumors, in this comprehensive review, we aim to summarize knowledge about the metabolism of leukemia cells. Leukemia is a malignant disease that ranks first and fifth in cancer-related deaths in children and adults, respectively. Current treatment has reached its limits due to toxicity, and there has been a need for new therapeutic approaches. One of the possible scenarios is improved use of established drugs and another is to introduce new druggable targets. Herein, we aim to describe the complexity of leukemia metabolism and highlight cellular processes that could be targeted therapeutically and enhance the effectiveness of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Starkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Hararova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vardon A, Dandapani M, Cheng D, Cheng P, De Santo C, Mussai F. Arginine auxotrophic gene signature in paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours provides a viable target for arginine depletion therapies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63506-63517. [PMID: 28969007 PMCID: PMC5609939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours, remain cancers of significant unmet need, with a poor prognosis for patients with high risk disease or those who relapse, and significant morbidities from treatment for those that survive using standard treatment approaches. Novel treatment strategies, based on the underlying tumour biology, are needed to improve outcomes. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is imported from the extracellular microenvironment or recycled from intracellular precursors through the combined expression of the enzymes ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) enzymes. The failure to express at least one of these recycling enzymes makes cells reliant on extracellular arginine - a state known as arginine auxotrophism. Here we show in large in silico patient cohorts that paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours express predominately the arginine transporter SLC7A1 and the arginine metabolising enzyme Arginase 2 (ARG2), but have low-absent expression of OTC. The arginine metabolic pathway correlated with the expression of genes associated with tumour pathogenesis, and overall survival in paediatric sarcomas. This gene signature of arginine auxotrophism indicates paediatric sarcomas and brain tumours are a viable target for therapeutic arginase drugs under current clinical trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vardon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madhumita Dandapani
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Ltd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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45
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Fung MKL, Chan GCF. Drug-induced amino acid deprivation as strategy for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:144. [PMID: 28750681 PMCID: PMC5530962 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by uncontrollable growth of neoplastic cells, leading to invasion of adjacent and distant tissues resulting in death. Cancer cells have specific nutrient(s) auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared to normal tissues. Therefore, different metabolic inhibitors or nutrient-depleting enzymes have been tested for their anti-cancer activities. We review recent available laboratory and clinical data on using various specific amino acid metabolic pathways inhibitors in treating cancers. Our focus is on glutamine, asparagine, and arginine starvation. These three amino acids are chosen due to their better scientific evidence compared to other related approaches in cancer treatment. Amino acid-specific depleting enzymes have been adopted in different standard chemotherapy protocols. Glutamine starvation by glutaminase inhibitior, transporter inhibitor, or glutamine depletion has shown to have significant anti-cancer effect in pre-clinical studies. Currently, glutaminase inhibitor is under clinical trial for testing anti-cancer efficacy. Clinical data suggests that asparagine depletion is effective in treating hematologic malignancies even as a single agent. On the other hand, arginine depletion has lower toxicity profile and can effectively reduce the level of pro-cancer biochemicals in patients as shown by ours and others’ data. This supports the clinical use of arginine depletion as anti-cancer therapy but its exact efficacy in various cancers requires further investigation. However, clinical application of these enzymes is usually hindered by common problems including allergy to these foreign proteins, off-target cytotoxicity, short half-life and rapidly emerging chemoresistance. There have been efforts to overcome these problems by modifying the drugs in different ways to circumvent these hindrance such as (1) isolate human native enzymes to reduce allergy, (2) isolate enzyme isoforms with higher specificities and efficiencies, (3) pegylate the enzymes to reduce allergy and prolong the half-lives, and (4) design drug combinations protocols to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by drug synergy and minimizing resistance. These improvements can potentially lead to the development of more effective anti-cancer treatment with less adverse effects and higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kwong Lam Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Husain I, Bala K, Wani A, Makhdoomi U, Malik F, Sharma A. Arginase purified from endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa IH2: Induce apoptosis through both cell cycle arrest and MMP loss in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:35-49. [PMID: 28690100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arginase is a therapeutic enzyme for arginine-auxotrophic cancers but their low anticancer activity, less proteolytic tolerance and shorter serum half-life are the major shortcomings. In this study, arginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IH2 was purified to homogeneity and estimated as 75 kDa on native-PAGE and 37 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Arginase showed optimum activity at pH 8 and temperature 35 °C. Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions enhanced arginase activity while, Li+, Cu2+, and Al3+ ions reduced arginase activity. In-vitro serum half-life of arginase was 36 h and proteolytic half-life against trypsin and proteinase-K was 25 and 29 min, respectively. Anticancer activity of arginase was evaluated against colon, breast, leukemia, and prostate cancer cell lines and lowest IC50 (0.8 IU ml-1) was found against leukemia cell line HL-60. Microscopic studies and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V/PI staining of HL-60 cells revealed that arginase induced apoptosis in dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis suggested that arginase induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The increasing level of MMP loss, ROS generation and decreasing level of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH suggested that arginase treatment triggered dysfunctioning of mitochondria. The cleavage of caspase-3, PARP-1, activations of caspase-8, 9 and high expression of proapoptotic protein Bax, low expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 indicated that arginase treatment activates mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Purified arginase did not exert cytotoxic effects on human noncancer cells. Our study strongly supports that arginase could be used as potent anticancer agent but further studies are required which are underway in our lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ubaid Makhdoomi
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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47
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Lam SK, Li YY, Xu S, Leung LL, U KP, Zheng YF, Cheng PNM, Ho JCM. Growth suppressive effect of pegylated arginase in malignant pleural mesothelioma xenografts. Respir Res 2017; 18:80. [PMID: 28464918 PMCID: PMC5414232 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a difficult-to-treat global disease. Pegylated arginase (BCT-100) has recently shown anti-tumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia and melanoma. This study aims to investigate the effects of PEG-BCT-100 in MPM. Methods A panel of 5 mesothelioma cell lines (H28, 211H, H226, H2052 and H2452) was used to study the in vitro effects of BCT-100 by crystal violet staining. The in vivo effects of BCT-100 were studied using 211H and H226 nude mice xenografts. Protein expression (argininosuccinate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, cyclins (A2, D3, E1 and H), CDK4 and Ki67) and arginine concentration were evaluated by Western blot and ELISA respectively. Cellular localization of BCT-100 was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoflorescence. TUNEL assay was used to identify cellular apoptotic events. Results Argininosuccinate synthetase was expressed in H28, H226, and H2452 cells as well as 211H and H266 xenografts. Ornithine transcarbamylase was undetectable in all cell lines and xenograft models. BCT-100 reduced in vitro cell viability (IC50 values at 13–24 mU/ml, 72 h) across different cell lines and suppressed tumor growth in both 211H and H226 xenograft models. BCT-100 (60 mg/kg) significantly suppressed tumor growth (p < 0.01) with prolonged median survival (p < 0.01) in both xenograft models. Combining BCT-100 with pemetrexed or cisplatin conferred no additional benefits over single agents. Serum and intratumoral arginine levels were effectively decreased by BCT-100, associated with cytosolic accumulation of BCT-100 within tumor cells. Apoptosis (PARP cleavage in 211H xenografts; Bcl-2 downregulation, and cleavage of PARP and caspase 3 in H226 xenografts; positive TUNEL staining in both) and G1 arrest (downregulation of cyclin A2, D3, E1 and CDK4 in 211H xenografts; suppression of cyclin A2, E1, H and CDK4 in H226 xenografts) were evident with BCT-100 treatment. Furthermore, proliferative factor Ki67 was downregulated in BCT-100 treatments arms. Conclusions BCT-100 suppressed tumor growth with prolonged median survival partially mediated by intratumoral arginine depletion resulting in apoptosis and G1 arrest in mesothelioma xenograft models. The findings provide scientific evidence to support further clinical development of BCT-100 in treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Shi Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Leanne Lee Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kin-Pong U
- Bio-cancer Treatment International Limited, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International Limited, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, SAR, Hong Kong.
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Shen W, Zhang X, Fu X, Fan J, Luan J, Cao Z, Yang P, Xu Z, Ju D. A novel and promising therapeutic approach for NSCLC: recombinant human arginase alone or combined with autophagy inhibitor. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2720. [PMID: 28358368 PMCID: PMC5386540 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human arginase (rhArg), an enzyme capable of depleting arginine, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic approach for various cancers. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a histological subtype of pulmonary carcinoma, has a high rate of morbidity and mortality in the world. Thus, the need for novel and more effective treatment is urgent. In this study, it is the first time to report that rhArg could induce significant cytotoxicity and caspase-dependent apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Subsequently, our research revealed that rhArg dramatically stimulated autophagic response in NSCLC cells, which was proved by the formation and accumulation of autophagosomes and the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) from LC3-I to LC3-II. Furthermore, blocking autophagy by chloroquine or LY294002 remarkably enhanced rhArg-induced cytotoxicity and caspase-dependent apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy acted a cytoprotective role in rhArg-treated NSCLC cells. Further experiments showed that two signaling pathways including the Akt/mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were involved in rhArg-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a common antioxidant, was employed to scavenge ROS, and we detected that it could significantly block rhArg-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity, indicating that ROS played a vital role in arginine degradation therapy. Besides, xenograft experiment showed that combination with autophagy inhibitor potentiated the anti-tumor efficacy of rhArg in vivo. Therefore, these results provided a novel prospect and viewpoint that autophagy acted a cytoprotective role in rhArg-treated NSCLC cells, and treatment with rhArg alone or combined with autophagy inhibitor could be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for NSCLC in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shen
- Department of Research Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department of Research Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- Department of Research Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Rodriguez PC, Ochoa AC, Al-Khami AA. Arginine Metabolism in Myeloid Cells Shapes Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:93. [PMID: 28223985 PMCID: PMC5293781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine metabolism has been a key catabolic and anabolic process throughout the evolution of the immune response. Accruing evidence indicates that arginine-catabolizing enzymes, mainly nitric oxide synthases and arginases, are closely integrated with the control of immune response under physiological and pathological conditions. Myeloid cells are major players that exploit the regulators of arginine metabolism to mediate diverse, although often opposing, immunological and functional consequences. In this article, we focus on the importance of arginine catabolism by myeloid cells in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Revisiting this matter could result in novel therapeutic approaches by which the immunoregulatory nodes instructed by arginine metabolism can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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50
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Stasyuk N, Gayda G, Yepremyan H, Stepien A, Gonchar M. Fluorometric enzymatic assay of l-arginine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:184-190. [PMID: 27450117 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes of l-arginine (further - Arg) metabolism are promising tools for elaboration of selective methods for quantitative Arg analysis. In our study we propose an enzymatic method for Arg assay based on fluorometric monitoring of ammonia, a final product of Arg splitting by human liver arginase I (further - arginase), isolated from the recombinant yeast strain, and commercial urease. The selective analysis of ammonia (at 415nm under excitation at 360nm) is based on reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) in the presence of sulfite in alkali medium: these conditions permit to avoid the reaction of OPA with any amino acid. A linearity range of the fluorometric arginase-urease-OPA method is from 100nM to 6μМ with a limit of detection of 34nM Arg. The method was used for the quantitative determination of Arg in the pooled sample of blood serum. The obtained results proved to be in a good correlation with the reference enzymatic method and literature data. The proposed arginase-urease-OPA method being sensitive, economical, selective and suitable for both routine and micro-volume formats, can be used in clinical diagnostics for the simultaneous determination of Arg as well as urea and ammonia in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Hasmik Yepremyan
- Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology", National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Armenia
| | - Agnieszka Stepien
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Al. mjr.W.Kopisto 2 a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty of the University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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