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Basmadjian OM, Occhieppo VB, Montemerlo AE, Rivas GA, Rubianes MD, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Angiotensin II involvement in the development and persistence of amphetamine-induced sensitization: Striatal dopamine reuptake implications. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2450-2464. [PMID: 38480476 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) exposure induces behavioural and neurochemical sensitization observed in rodents as hyperlocomotion and increased dopamine release in response to a subsequent dose. Brain Angiotensin II modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission through its AT1 receptors (AT1-R), positively regulating striatal dopamine synthesis and release. This work aims to evaluate the AT1-R role in the development and maintenance of AMPH-induced sensitization. Also, the AT1-R involvement in striatal dopamine reuptake was analysed. The sensitization protocol consisted of daily AMPH administration for 5 days and tested 21 days after withdrawal. An AT1-R antagonist, candesartan, was administered before or after AMPH exposure to evaluate the participation of AT1-R in the development and maintenance of sensitization, respectively. Sensitization was evaluated by locomotor activity and c-Fos immunostaining. Changes in dopamine reuptake kinetics were evaluated 1 day after AT1-R blockade withdrawal treatment, with or without the addition of AMPH in vitro. The social interaction test was performed as another behavioural output. Repeated AMPH exposure induced behavioural and neurochemical sensitization, which was prevented and reversed by candesartan. The AT1-R blockade increased the dopamine reuptake kinetics. Neither the AMPH administration nor the AT1-R blockade altered the performance of social interaction. Our results highlight the AT1-R's crucial role in AMPH sensitization. The enhancement of dopamine reuptake kinetics induced by the AT1-R blockade might attenuate the neuroadaptive changes that lead to AMPH sensitization and its self-perpetuation. Therefore, AT1-R is a prominent candidate as a target for pharmacological treatment of pathologies related to dopamine imbalance, including drug addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo M Basmadjian
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Occhieppo
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antonella E Montemerlo
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Rivas
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Rubianes
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Canseco-Alba A, Tabata K, Momoki Y, Tabassum T, Horiuchi Y, Arinami T, Onaivi ES, Ishiguro H. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and hypersensitivity to methamphetamine: Vulnerability to schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110924. [PMID: 38135096 PMCID: PMC10872318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The human cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) gene CNR2 has been associated with schizophrenia development. Inbred mice treated with the CB2R inverse agonist AM630 and challenged with methamphetamine (MAP) showed reduced prepulse inhibition (%PPI) response and locomotor hyperactivity, both behavioral measures in rodents that correlate with psychosis. Mice lacking CB2R on striatal dopaminergic neurons exhibit a hyperdopaminergic tone and a hyperactivity phenotype. Hyperdopaminergia plays a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine the direct role of CB2R, heterozygous Cnr2 gene knockout (Het) mice treated with MAP to induce behavioral sensitivity mimicking a schizophrenia-like human phenotype. Additionally, the study aims to explore the unique modulation of dopamine activity by neuronal CB2R. Conditional knockout DAT-Cnr2-/- mice were evaluated in response to MAP treatments for this purpose. Sensorimotor gating deficits in DAT-Cnr2-/- mice were also evaluated. Het mice developed reverse tolerance (RT) to MAP-enhanced locomotor activity, and RT reduced the %PPI compared to wild-type (WT) mice. DAT-Cnr2-/- mice showed an increased sensitivity to stereotypical behavior induced by MAP and developed RT to MAP. DAT-Cnr2-/- mice exhibit a reduction in %PPI and alter social interaction, another core symptom of schizophrenia. These results demonstrate that there is an interaction between neuronal CB2R and MAP treatment, which increases the risk of schizophrenia-like behavior in this mouse model. This finding provides evidence for further studies targeting CB2R as a potential schizophrenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Canseco-Alba
- Laboratory of Reticular Formation Physiology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Momoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan
| | - Taharima Tabassum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
| | - Tadao Arinami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan
| | - Emmanuel S Onaivi
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Hiroki Ishiguro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan; Department of Clinical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821, Japan.
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Szulc M, Kujawski R, Pacholak A, Poprawska M, Czora-Poczwardowska K, Geppert B, Mikołajczak PŁ. Cannabidiol as a Modulator of the Development of Alcohol Tolerance in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071702. [PMID: 37049542 PMCID: PMC10097131 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore in vivo the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on the development of alcohol tolerance in rats. Rats were treated with ethanol (3.0 g/kg, i.p.) and CBD (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for nine successive days, and rectal body temperature, sedation (sleeping time), and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were measured. In the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, the cannabinoid (CB1R and CB2R) and dopaminergic (DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DRD5) receptors’ mRNA level changes were analyzed using the quantitative RT-PCR method. CBD inhibited the development of tolerance to the hypothermic and sedative action of alcohol, coupled with BAC elevation. On a molecular level, the most pronounced effects of the CBD + ethanol interaction in the striatum were observed, where CBD reversed the downregulation of CB2R gene transcription caused by ethanol. For CB1R, DRD1, and DRD2 mRNAs, the CBD + ethanol interaction produced opposite effects than for CB2R ones. In turn, for the transcription of genes encoding dopaminergic receptors, the most potent effect of alcohol as CBD occurred in the hippocampus. However, the combined CBD and alcohol administration showed the same effect for each substance administered separately. Since tolerance is considered a prelude to drug addiction, obtained results allow us to emphasize the thesis that CBD can inhibit the development of alcohol dependence in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szulc
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Radosław Kujawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Amanda Pacholak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Poprawska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Bogna Geppert
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ł. Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rodrigues S, Salum C, Ferreira TL. Dorsal striatum D1-expressing neurons are involved with sensorimotor gating on prepulse inhibition test. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:505-513. [PMID: 28114835 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116686879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a behavioral test in which the startle reflex response to a high-intensity stimulus (pulse) is inhibited by the prior presentation of a weak stimulus (prepulse). The classic neural circuitry that mediates startle response is localized in the brainstem; however, recent studies point to the contribution of structures involved in higher cognitive functions in regulating the sensorimotor gating, particularly forebrain regions innervated by dopaminergic nuclei. The aim of the present study was to verify the role of dorsal striatum (DS) and dopaminergic transmitting mediated by D1 and D2 receptors on PPI test in rats. DS inactivation induced by muscimol injection did not affect PPI (%PPI and startle response), although it impaired the locomotor activity and caused catalepsy. Infusion of D1-like antagonist SCH23390 impaired %PPI but did not disturb the startle response and locomotor activity evaluated immediately after PPI test. D2 antagonist microinjection (sulpiride) did not affect %PPI and startle response, but impaired motor activity. These results point to an important role of DS, probably mediated by direct basal ganglia pathway, on modulation of sensorimotor gating, in accordance with clinical studies showing PPI deficits in schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and compulsive disorders - pathologies related to basal ganglia dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Rodrigues
- Centro de Matemática Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Centro de Matemática Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Ferreira
- Centro de Matemática Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Inhibition of apomorphine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats pretreated with fluoxetine. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:159-66. [PMID: 24755891 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite a number of clinically useful effects, there is growing evidence that psychosis and impulse control disorders develop in patients on apomorphine therapy. Evidence suggests a critical role of serotonin-1A receptors in psychosis, drug abuse, and in the mechanism of action of the prototypical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. We investigated whether fluoxetine can prevent apomorphine-induced behavioral sensitization in a rat model of psychosis. Animals treated with fluoxetine (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks were subsequently cotreated with apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) for 7 days. A single injection of apomorphine increased motor activity, whereas repeated daily injections produced a progressive sensitization of motor behavior. The sensitization effects of apomorphine did not occur in fluoxetine-pretreated and subsequently cotreated animals. To further elucidate the mechanism involved in the inhibition of apomorphine sensitization in fluoxetine-treated animals, we found that apomorphine-induced motor behavior was much greater in repeated apomorphine-treated than repeated saline-treated animals. It was also greater in apomorphine and fluoxetine-cotreated animals, but not in animals pretreated and cotreated with fluoxetine. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of apomorphine sensitization in fluoxetine-pretreated animals is discussed. The findings introduce an innovative approach for extending the therapeutic use of apomorphine and classical psychostimulant drugs.
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Ota M, Ogawa S, Kato K, Masuda C, Kunugi H. Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release in the common marmoset brain measured by positron emission tomography and [(18)F]fallypride. Neurosci Res 2015; 101:1-5. [PMID: 26232153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia show greater sensitivity to psychostimulants than healthy subjects. Sensitization to psychostimulants and resultant alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in rodents has been suggested as a useful model of schizophrenia. This study sought to examine the use of methylphenidate as a psychostimulant to induce dopamine release and that of [(18)F]fallypride as a radioligand to quantify the release in a primate model of schizophrenia. Four common marmosets were scanned by positron emission tomography twice, before and after methylphenidate challenge, to evaluate dopamine release. Four other marmosets were sensitized by repeated methamphetamine (MAP) administration. Then, they were scanned twice, before and after methylphenidate challenge, to evaluate whether MAP-sensitization induced greater sensitivity to methylphenidate. We revealed a main effect of the methylphenidate challenge but not the MAP pretreatment on the striatal binding potential. These results suggest that methylphenidate-induced striatal dopamine release in the common marmoset could be evaluated by [(18)F]fallypride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kato
- Organic Radiochemistry Section, Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Ota M, Ogawa S, Kato K, Wakabayashi C, Kunugi H. Methamphetamine-sensitized rats show augmented dopamine release to methylphenidate stimulation: a positron emission tomography using [18F]fallypride. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:92-7. [PMID: 25703679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia show greater sensitivity to psychostimulants than healthy subjects. Sensitization to psychostimulants and resultant alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in rodents have been suggested as a useful model of schizophrenia. This study was aimed to examine the use of methylphenidate as a psychostimulant to induce dopamine release and that of [18F]fallypride as a radioligand to estimate the release in a rat model of schizophrenia. Six rats were scanned by positron emission tomography (PET) twice before and after methylphenidate challenge to evaluate dopamine release. After the scans, these rats were sensitized by using repeated methamphetamine (MAP) administration. Then, they were re-scanned twice again before and after methylphenidate challenge to evaluate whether MAP-sensitized rats show greater sensitivity to methylphenidate. We revealed a main effect of MAP-pretreatment and that of metylphenidate challenge. We found that % change of distribution volume ratio after repeated administration of MAP was greater than that before sensitization. These results suggest that methylphenidate-induced striatal dopamine release increased after sensitization to MAP. PET scan using [18F]fallypride at methylphenidate-challenge may provide a biological marker for schizophrenia and be useful to diagnose schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, KodairaTokyo187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, KodairaTokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Organic Radiochemistry Section, Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Chisato Wakabayashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, KodairaTokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, KodairaTokyo187-8502, Japan
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Niederhofer H. Is the vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD also appropriate for other psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism) and is it associated with glutamate? Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:281-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cha SK, Kang UG. Effects of clozapine, haloperidol, and fluoxetine on the reversal of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:454-8. [PMID: 25395977 PMCID: PMC4225210 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repeated treatment with psychostimulants induces sensitization of the dopaminergic system in the brain. Dopaminergic sensitization has been proposed as a mechanism of psychosis. Although antipsychotics block the expression of sensitized behavior, they are ineffective for reversing the sensitized state. We investigated the effect of clozapine, haloperidol, and fluoxetine on the reversal of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. METHODS Male ICR mice were sensitized to cocaine with repeated treatment. Animals were then split into four groups, and each group was treated with vehicle or one of the above drugs for 5 days. After a 3-day drug washout, locomotor activity was assessed before and after a cocaine challenge. RESULTS Clozapine reversed the sensitized state, whereas haloperidol did not. Fluoxetine seemed to reverse the sensitization partially. CONCLUSION We confirmed that D2 blockade was not effective for reversing sensitization. The reversal by clozapine is partially explained in terms of its strong 5-HT2 and weak D2 affinity. The partial reversal by fluoxetine seemed to be related to its serotonin-augmenting action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Keun Cha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Remington G, Foussias G, Agid O, Fervaha G, Takeuchi H, Hahn M. The neurobiology of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:381-90. [PMID: 24206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine's proposed role in psychosis proved a starting point in our understanding of the neurobiology of relapse, fitting given the central role positive symptoms play. This link is reflected in early work examining neurotransmitter metabolite and drug (e.g. amphetamine, methylphenidate) challenge studies as a means of better understanding relapse and predictors. Since, lines of investigation have expanded (e.g. electrophysiological, immunological, hormonal, stress), an important step forward if relapse per se is the question. Arguably, perturbations in dopamine represent the final common pathway in psychosis but it is evident that, like schizophrenia, relapse is heterogeneous and multidimensional. In understanding the neurobiology of relapse, greater gains are likely to be made if these distinctions are acknowledged; for example, efforts to identify trait markers might better be served by distinguishing primary (i.e. idiopathic) and secondary (e.g. substance abuse, medication nonadherence) forms of relapse. Similarly, it has been suggested that relapse is 'neurotoxic', yet individuals do very well on clozapine after multiple relapses and the designation of treatment resistance. An alternative explanation holds that schizophrenia is characterized by different trajectories, at least to some extent biologically and/or structurally distinguishable from the outset, with differential patterns of response and relapse. Just as with schizophrenia, it seems naïve to conceptualize the neurobiology of relapse as a singular process. We propose that it is shaped by the form of illness and in place from the outset, modified by constitutional factors like resilience, as well as treatment, and confounded by secondary forms of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Remington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - George Foussias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ofer Agid
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Haleem DJ. Extending therapeutic use of psychostimulants: focus on serotonin-1A receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:170-80. [PMID: 23906987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a number of medicinally important pharmacological effects, the therapeutic use of psychostimulants is limited because of abuse potential and psychosis following long term use. Development of pharmacological agents for improving and extending therapeutic use of psychostimulants in narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, obesity and as cognitive enhancer is an important research imperative. In this regard, one potential target system is the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) neurotransmitter system. The focus of the present article is to evaluate a potential role of 5-HT-1A receptor in the alleviation of abuse potential and psychosis-induced by prescription psychostimulants amphetamines and apomorphine. METHOD Synaptic contacts between dopamine systems and 5-HT-1A receptors are traced. Studies on serotonin-1A influences on the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission and psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization are accumulated. RESULTS Inhibition of amphetamine and apomorphine-induced behavioral sensitization by co administration of 5-HT-1A agonists cannot be explained in terms of direct activation of 5-HT-1A receptors, because activation of pre- as well as postsynaptic 5-HT-1A receptors tends to increase dopamine neurotransmission. CONCLUSION Long term use of amphetamine and apomorphine produces adaptive changes in 5-HT-1A receptor mediated functions, which are prevented by the co-use of 5-HT-1A agonists. In view of extending medicinal use of psychostimulants, it is important to evaluate the effects of co-use of 5-HT-1A agonists on potential therapeutic profile of amphetamine and apomorphine in preclinical research. It is also important to evaluate the functional significance of 5-HT-1A receptors on psychostimulant-induced behaviors in other addiction models such as drug self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Zhou Y, Liu MD, Fan Y, Ding JH, Du RH, Hu G. Enhanced MK-801-induced locomotion in Kir6.2 knockout mice. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nishi A, Kuroiwa M, Shuto T. Mechanisms for the modulation of dopamine d(1) receptor signaling in striatal neurons. Front Neuroanat 2011; 5:43. [PMID: 21811441 PMCID: PMC3140648 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2011.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the striatum, dopamine D(1) receptors are preferentially expressed in striatonigral neurons, and increase the neuronal excitability, leading to the increase in GABAergic inhibitory output to substantia nigra pars reticulata. Such roles of D(1) receptors are important for the control of motor functions. In addition, the roles of D(1) receptors are implicated in reward, cognition, and drug addiction. Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms for the regulation of dopamine D(1) receptor signaling is required to identify therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. D(1) receptors are coupled to G(s/olf)/adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling, leading to the phosphorylation of PKA substrates including DARPP-32. Phosphorylated form of DARPP-32 at Thr34 has been shown to inhibit protein phosphatase-1, and thereby controls the phosphorylation states and activity of many downstream physiological effectors. Roles of DARPP-32 and its phosphorylation at Thr34 and other sites in D(1) receptor signaling are extensively studied. In addition, functional roles of the non-canonical D(1) receptor signaling cascades that coupled to G(q)/phospholipase C or Src family kinase become evident. We have recently shown that phosphodiesterases (PDEs), especially PDE10A, play a pivotal role in regulating the tone of D(1) receptor signaling relatively to that of D(2) receptor signaling. We review the current understanding of molecular mechanisms for the modulation of D(1) receptor signaling in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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