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Sangalli L, Banday F, Sullivan A, Anjum K. Systemic Factors Affecting Prognosis and Outcomes in Periodontal Disease. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:571-602. [PMID: 39244245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the effects of autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infectious ailments like human immunodeficiency virus, and their medications on periodontal therapy outcomes. It also explores the influence of hormones. Understanding these systemic factors is crucial for optimizing periodontal health and treatment efficacy. The review underscores the necessity of considering these variables in periodontal care. Other vital systemic factors are addressed elsewhere in this special edition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sangalli
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Fatma Banday
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Sullivan
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kainat Anjum
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Doughan M, Chehab O, Doughan B, Lima JAC, Michos ED. Association of endogenous sex hormone levels with tooth loss due to periodontitis in men and post-menopausal women: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38895935 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between endogenous sex hormone levels and history of tooth loss related to periodontitis in healthy middle-aged to older men and post-menopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 5649 participants aged 45-84 (mean age, 63 ± 10 years) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort who had sex hormone levels measured and answered a questionnaire regarding perceived periodontal status at exam 1. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of sex hormones (exposure) with history of tooth loss (outcome), stratified by sex. RESULTS Among post-menopausal women, higher free testosterone (per 1SD) was associated with a greater prevalence of tooth loss [OR 1.49 (95% CI, 1.08-2.05)], whereas higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was associated with a lower prevalence of tooth loss [OR 0.74 (0.58-0.94)], after adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive factors. In men, higher free testosterone and lower SHBG were associated with a lower prevalent probability of tooth loss in unadjusted analysis, but these associations lost significance after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSION A higher androgenic sex hormone profile in post-menopausal women (i.e., increased free testosterone, lower SHBG) was associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss, after adjusting cardiometabolic risk factors. No such association was found in men. These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence or serve as a marker for periodontal health.
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Grants
- R01 HL074406 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL074338 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 946222 American Heart Association
- HHSN268201500003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01-HC-95159 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95160 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95161 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95162 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95163 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95164 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95165 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95166 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95167 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95168 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- N01-HC-95169 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- Johns Hopkins University: Amato Fund in Women's Cardiovascular Health Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doughan
- School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Chehab
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bassel Doughan
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tang L, Chen K. Association Between Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00137-0. [PMID: 38797633 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This Mendelian randomisation (MR) study endeavoured to delineate the causal relationship between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), encompassing low birthweight (LBW), pre-term birth (PTB), stillbirth, miscarriage, and gestational hypertension (GH). METHODS Utilising genetic instruments for periodontitis (acute and chronic periodontitis) from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database among individuals of European descent, this study explored the causal relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and vice versa. The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach to assess causality, with MR-Egger serving as a sensitivity analysis method. RESULTS The primary analytical method employed in this study, IVW, did not reveal any impact of periodontitis (acute and chronic periodontitis) on PTB, stillbirth, miscarriage, and gestational hypertension, and vice versa. Heterogeneity testing using the MR-Egger method confirmed the null causal hypothesis, with odds ratios (OR) approximating 1, and P-values exceeding 0.05. Notably, the results from the IVW analysis (OR 1.410, CI 1.039-1.915, P-value 0.028) indicate statistically significant evidence supporting a causal relationship between chronic periodontitis and LBW. However, caution is advised in interpreting the causal relationship, considering the non-significant P-values obtained from other methods. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this MR study, the findings do not support the influence of periodontitis on LBW, PTB, stillbirth, miscarriage, and GH, nor vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Man Y, Zhang C, Cheng C, Yan L, Zong M, Niu F. Hormone replacement therapy and periodontitis progression in postmenopausal women: A prospective cohort study. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38523058 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the responses of periodontal environment to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women with or without periodontitis. BACKGROUND HRT is a common and effective strategy for controlling menopausal symptoms, while the changes of periodontal environment under it, particularly in postmenopausal women with periodontitis, remain unclear. METHODS As a prospective cohort study, a total of 97 postmenopausal women receiving HRT were screened, including 47 with and 50 without periodontitis. Correspondingly, 97 women did not receiving HRT were screened as controls during the same period. The full-mouth sulcus bleeding index (SBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured using periodontal probes. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, cone beam computed tomography was performed to measure the alveolar bone height (ABH) and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS In postmenopausal women without periodontitis, no significantly changes on periodontal parameters were observed after HRT. In women with stage II periodontitis, SBI, BOP, IL-6, and TNF-α were significant decreased after one year and two years of HRT. Compared to the controls, women with stage II periodontitis who underwent HRT had significantly lower CAL and ABH and higher BMD in the second year. The incidence of at least one site with CAL increase ≥1 mm between baseline and 2 years was significantly lower in the HRT group than in the control group in women with stage II periodontitis. In addition, HRT was significantly associated with a decrease in SBI, BOP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the first year and with a decrease in CAL, SBI, BOP, IL-6, and ABH and an increase in BMD in the second year. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with stage II periodontitis, HRT is associated with the alleviation of inflammation within two years and the remission of alveolar bone loss in the second year. HRT appears to decrease the incidence of CAL increase ≥1 mm within 2 years in women with periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Man
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Dongying District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Laiqi Yan
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Zong
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feifei Niu
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
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Rojo MG, Lloret MRP, Gironés JG. Oral manifestations in women using hormonal contraceptive methods: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:184. [PMID: 38427087 PMCID: PMC10907424 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on the PRISMA statement. A literature search incorporated observational studies from the last 21 years. An investigative question was formulated using the PICO model, studies were selected, and a quality analysis was performed using the modified STROBE guidelines. A bibliometric analysis was performed, and the data were examined. RESULTS Thirteen articles were included, with the majority evaluating periodontal status. Others analyzed factors such as the presence of alveolar osteitis, oral candidiasis, and salivary microbiome dysbiosis. Ten articles were deemed to have a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction and increase the presence of the Candida species in the oral cavity. They also affect the periodontium, such as the frequent development of gingivitis, but do not lead to changes in the salivary microbiome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The increasing number of women using hormonal contraceptives and the knowledge that these contraceptives can produce oral cavity alterations underscore the need to evaluate the oral manifestations found in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García Rojo
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30008, Spain
| | - Miguel Ramón Pecci Lloret
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30008, Spain.
| | - Julia Guerrero Gironés
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30008, Spain
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Jaglan S, Tewari S, Singhal SR, Sharma RK. Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Periodontal Status of Women of Adolescent and Adult Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:148-156. [PMID: 38211576 PMCID: PMC11095622 DOI: 10.1159/000536223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is identified as the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, and symptoms of PCOS appear during the early pubertal age. There is a gap in knowledge in recognizing the status of gingival inflammation/periodontal destruction and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hsCRP) in adolescents versus adults with PCOS. This study aimed to observe the impact of PCOS on periodontal status and systemic inflammation in adolescents and compared them with adults with PCOS. METHODS A total of 100 newly diagnosed female subjects with PCOS were enrolled into two groups: adolescents (11-19 years, n = 50) and adult females (20-40 years, n = 50). Periodontal parameters, anthropometric parameters, PCOS phenotype, hirsutism score, and serum hsCRP levels were recorded. RESULTS High levels of mean hsCRP, gingival index, and bleeding on probing % were observed in adolescent and adult PCOS groups, though nonsignificant between the groups (p > 0.05). Significantly more sites with probing pocket depth 3-4 mm, higher mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and sites with CAL 1-2 mm, and high frequency of patients (n = 11) with periodontitis (stage 1) were observed in adults with PCOS compared to adolescents (p ≤ 0.05). Similar and predominant prevalence of PCOS phenotype A (66%) and moderate hirsutism (46% adolescents vs. 58% adults) were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Similar levels of hsCRP and periodontal inflammation were found in adolescents and adults with PCOS. More periodontal tissue destruction was observed in adults with PCOS as compared to adolescents with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jaglan
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Savita Rani Singhal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Vasini B, Cunningham RL, Murphy DA, Riaz KM, Karamichos D. Selective Modulation of the Keratoconic Stromal Microenvironment by FSH and LH. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1762-1775. [PMID: 36822267 PMCID: PMC10726429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) affects the corneal structure, with thinning and bulging outward into a conelike shape. Irregular astigmatism and decreased visual acuity appear during puberty and progress into the mid-30s, with unpredictable disease severity. The cause of KC is recognized as multifactorial, but remains poorly understood. Hormone imbalances are a significant modulator of the onset of KC. This study sought to investigate the role of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in KC, using a three-dimensional, self-assembled matrix in vitro model. Healthy corneal fibroblasts and human KC cells in the corneal stroma were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with stable vitamin C to promote extracellular matrix assembly. Cultures were further stimulated with 2.5 or 10 mIU/mL FSH and 5 or 35 mIU/mL LH. Samples were evaluated for cell proliferation and morphology via BrdU assay and imaging; protein expression was assessed via Western blot analysis. Proliferation was significantly greater in human KC cells compared to healthy corneal fibroblasts with LH stimulation, but no changes were found with FSH stimulation. Additionally, in sex hormone receptors, fibrotic markers, proteoglycans, and members of the gonadotropin signaling pathway were significantly changed, largely driven by exogenous LH. The impact of exogenous FSH/LH in the KC stromal microenvironment was demonstrated. These results highlight the need to further examine the role of FSH/LH in KC and in human corneal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - David A Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kamran M Riaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
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AlGhamdi SA, Altowairqi K, Altowairqi YG, Alkharobi H, Alfayez E, Mansouri R, Aljahdali B, Badahdah A, Alqarni NM, Qumusan GS, Alrafiah A. Health Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study Among Saudi Women in Jeddah. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:237-244. [PMID: 37881241 PMCID: PMC10595954 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s431814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex hormones strongly influence the health and ailment of the oral cavity. For instance, a woman's oral health is influenced by her menstrual cycle, menopause, pregnancy, and usage of oral contraceptives. The use of various therapeutic medication results in intraoral alterations. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are among the drugs that produce intraoral alterations. The study's objective was to evaluate attitudes and oral health conditions of Saudi women's utilizing OCPs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among Saudi women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The self-administered questionnaire was made and sent to women to evaluate the attitude and oral health condition of women utilizing OCPs. The women using OCPs were asked to self-administer 17 questions to evaluate attitudes and oral health conditions. The questionnaire had multiple-choice questions and was consisted of four sections. Results The number of participants who used contraceptives was 125 (35.9%) women; of them, only 94 (75.2%) used oral contraceptives. The duration of using oral contraceptives mainly was 1-5 years (39.4%), then > 5 years (34.0%), and <1 year (26.6%). Of the 94 women, 34 (36.2%) had gingival diseases, 23 (24.5%) treated their gums; and 13 (13.8%) cleaned their gums at a dental clinic regularly. Times of teeth brushing per day were one time in 32 women (34%), twice in 47 women (50.0%), and three times in 15 (16.0%). Of the 94 women, 4 (4.3%) were smoking, 24 (25.5%) took medication other than OCPs, and 16 (17.02%) had chronic diseases. Common oral complications noticed by participants were gum bleeding after brushing (51.6%), dental caries (25.5%), and oral ulcers (10.6%). Conclusion Females on OCPs had a high rate of gingival bleeding, dental caries, and oral ulcers. OCPs users had poor periodontal and gingival health. Establishing an oral hygiene program was necessary to treat gingival and periodontal inflammation that exacerbated by OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Abdullah AlGhamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Altowairqi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazan Ghazi Altowairqi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alkharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alfayez
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowaina Mansouri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Aljahdali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Badahdah
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Aziza Alrafiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hu D, Wang J, Cheng T, Li H, Zhang F, Zhao D, Xu X, Yu R, Wen P, Cheng Y, Xu J, Jin L, Yao J. Comparative analysis of serum and saliva samples using Raman spectroscopy: a high-throughput investigation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontitis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:522. [PMID: 37794378 PMCID: PMC10552415 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontitis significantly affect women's oral and systemic health worldwide, and yet increase the risk of cardiovascular-metabolic diseases like diabetes and coronary heart disease. Regarding the PCOS-periodontitis connection, whether sex hormones, metabolic and inflammatory mediators could account for the underlying linking mechanism needs to be further investigated. This case-control study evaluated the hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory profiles in PCOS and non-PCOS subjects with various periodontal conditions, via assessing serum and saliva samples by Raman spectroscopy. METHODS A total of 66 females with PCOS and 22 systemically healthy female volunteers were recruited in a single hospital. Full-mouth periodontal examination was undertaken for identifying the subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. The datasets of sex hormones and metabolic indicators were retrieved from the hospital information system. Both serum and saliva samples were collected for detecting inflammatory mediators and Raman spectroscopic assessment. The subjects were categorized into four groups according to their conditions of PCOS and periodontitis for Raman spectroscopic analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to examine the inter-group differences in Raman spectra. RESULTS PCOS patients exhibited greater mean probing depth (P < 0.05) and higher serum levels of triglycerides (P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (P < 0.05) than those in non-PCOS participants. Both probing depth and triglyceride level were positively correlated with PCOS (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in mean Raman spectra of saliva samples among the four groups with different conditions of PCOS and periodontitis (P < 0.05), while no significant inter-group difference existed in serum samples. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that periodontal condition may affect the biomolecular profiles of Raman spectra in serum and saliva of PCOS patients. It underscores the importance of the collaborative teamwork of dentists and gynecologists for enhancing women's oral health, general wellbeing and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tianfan Cheng
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Yunfei Cheng
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jilong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China.
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Rathi N, Reche A. Risk of Periodontal Diseases in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Overview. Cureus 2023; 15:e47169. [PMID: 38021744 PMCID: PMC10652058 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent condition seen in reproductive-aged women, which has a negative impact on their health system. There is a serious concern for women having PCOS that they may experience long-term metabolic conditions. PCOS also has a negative impact on periodontium components such as gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. It has been said that there may be a bidirectional link between PCOS and periodontal diseases. Moreover, PCOS and periodontal disorders both have common risk factors. Periodontal diseases are exacerbated by systemic low-grade inflammation, including obesity, constant immunological imbalance, and oxidative stress caused by PCOS. On the other hand, periodontal diseases can also increase the risk of causing PCOS. According to recent data, women with PCOS may be more likely to suffer from periodontal diseases. A PubMed and Google Scholar search was conducted for literature relating to PCOS and its relationship with different comorbidities which also included periodontal disorders. Analyses were performed, and data was synthesized and assembled in a presentable form. Therefore, the focus of this review will be on the relationship between PCOS and periodontal disorders, as well as the risk factors for both. However, in order to establish a more distinct and solid link, more studies with a large sample size need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netal Rathi
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Mubarak R, Adel-Khattab D, Abdel-Ghaffar KA, Gamal AY. Adjunctive effect of collagen membrane coverage to L-PRF in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a randomized controlled clinical trial with biochemical assessment. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:631. [PMID: 37667213 PMCID: PMC10476412 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innovation of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) has added enormous impact on wound healing dynamics especially the field of periodontal regeneration. The release of growth factors (GF) is thought to improve the clinical outcomes in infrabony defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of covering L-PRF contained infrabony defects with collagen membranes (CM), and to compare their GF release profile to uncovered L-PRF defects and open flap debridement (OFD). METHODS Thirty non- smoking patients with infrabony pockets participated to be randomly assigned to OFD group (n = 10), L-PRF group (n = 10), or L-PRF protected CM group (n = 10). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and the radiographic defect base fill (DBF) were measured at baseline and at 6 month following surgical intervention. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days following surgery for the Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) release profile evaluation. RESULTS For all patients, a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in PI, GI, PD and CAL were reported throughout the study period. Differences between the three treatment modalities were not statistically significant. PRF + CM showed a statistically significant DBF compared to OFD and L-PRF groups at follow up. Quantitative analysis of PDGF-BB and VEGF levels demonstrated a statistically significant (P < 0.001) decline between measurement intervals for all groups with no statistically significant differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, L-PRF coverage with CM may augment defect base fill through its mechanical protective effect without enhancement in the release profile of VEGF and PDGF. The non-significant intergroup differences question the validity of the claimed extra physiologic concentration of GF offered by L-PRF harvests. TRIAL REGISTRATION The present study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05496608), (11/08/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Mubarak
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Adel-Khattab
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdel-Ghaffar
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Youssef Gamal
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Tsimpiris A, Tsolianos I, Grigoriadis A, Tsimtsiou Z, Goulis DG, Grigoriadis N. Association of chronic periodontitis with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 77:104874. [PMID: 37478676 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of microbial etiology that manifests as a result of the dysfunction of the immune mechanism, culminating in the destruction of the alveolar bone of the jaws. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), leads to demyelination and degeneration of nerve axons and often causes severe physical and/or cognitive impairment. As CP and MS involve inflammatory mechanisms and immune dysfunction, researchers have attempted to study the association between them. AIM To systematically review the literature on the epidemiological association between CP and MS in adults. METHODS PRISMA 2020 statement was used in the study protocol. The design was done according to the Cochrane methodology. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases; a manual search and evaluation of the gray literature was also performed. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was defined as the effect size of the outcome. Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi-square and I2. The articles evaluated were written in English, without a time limit, concern observational studies (patient-controls) and report the diagnostic criteria of the diseases. Duplicate entries were excluded. To evaluate the reliability of the results of each study, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE tools were used. Two independent reviewers did all evaluations with a resolution of discrepancies by a third. RESULTS Meta-analysis included three observation studies examined 3376 people. MS patients are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with CP than healthy controls (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.54-2.42, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of CP was found among MS patients compared with healthy controls. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the association between these pathological entities to provide patients with high-quality care through an effective and holistic diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Tsolianos
- Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Dental Sector, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Tsimtsiou
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Nabila S, Choi J, Kim JE, Hahn S, Hwang IK, Kim TI, Park HK, Choi JY. Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14078. [PMID: 37640779 PMCID: PMC10462734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the associations of periodontal disease (PD) with systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the reciprocal association. The CVD included the cases of coronary heart disease and heart failure. A prospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using linked data from three databases in Korea. Three separate study groups were formed to individually determine the risks of PD (n = 10,533), DM (n = 14,523) and CVD (n = 14,315). All diseases were confirmed based on physicians' diagnoses using medical records and self-reports. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). PD was significantly associated with an elevated risk of DM (HR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.07-1.39]) after full adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index, dental behaviour and CVD. PD was also found to increase the risk of CVD (1.27 [1.03-1.57]), whereas CVD increased the risk of PD (1.20 [1.09-1.32]) after full adjustment for other covariates including DM. This study found a bidirectional association between PD and CVD, as well as a positive association of PD with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nabila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokyung Hahn
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Krupa NC, Thippeswamy HM, Chandrashekar BR, Thetakala RK. Impact of Menopausal Duration on Salivary Flow Rate, Tooth Loss, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Indian Communities. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:101-106. [PMID: 38029038 PMCID: PMC10664051 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diminishing hormonal levels after menopause evoke physiological changes in a woman's body. Their effects on the oral cavity are noteworthy, considering symptoms of dry mouth, altered taste perceptions, and tooth loss that may be attributed to reduced salivary flow and alveolar density changes. Aim The purpose of this study was to assess changes in salivary flow rate, tooth loss, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as menopausal duration increased. Materials and Methods A total of 327 women fulfilling the eligibility criteria were chosen from two villages in the Mysuru district, Karnataka. They were categorized into three groups based on menopausal durations. Salivary flow rates, number of teeth lost, and OHRQoL after menopause were assessed and compared at different menopausal durations. Sociodemographic characteristics and oral hygiene practices were recorded to identify potential confounders. Results Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between menopausal duration and salivary flow rates (adjusted odds ratio = 2.269). However, no such associations were observed with tooth loss and OHRQoL. Conclusion Menopausal duration significantly affects salivary flow rate. Its influence on tooth loss and OHRQoL is, however, less evident. Although strong associations cannot be established, the inevitability of the menopausal state advocates consideration of other major yet modifiable factors to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Krupa
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital (Constituent College), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H. M. Thippeswamy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital (Constituent College), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Byalakere Rudraiah Chandrashekar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital (Constituent College), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Thetakala
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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15
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Wen X, Fu X, Zhao C, Yang L, Huang R. The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy via the interaction of oral microorganisms, hormone and immune response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1070917. [PMID: 36778874 PMCID: PMC9908602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been suggested to be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a significant public health issue with important clinical and societal repercussions. This article systematically reviews the available epidemiological studies involving the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the past 15 years, and finds a weak but independent association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease. The bidirectional association and the potential mechanisms are then explored, focusing on three possible mechanisms: inflammatory reaction, oral microorganisms and immune response. Specifically, elevated systemic inflammation and increased periodontal pathogens with their toxic products, along with a relatively suppressed immune system may lead to the disruption of homeostasis within fetal-placental unit and thus induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review also explains the possible mechanisms around why women are more susceptible to periodontal disease. In conclusion, pregnant women are more likely to develop periodontal disease due to hormonal changes, and periodontal disease has also been suspected to increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, in order to lessen the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, both obstetricians and dentists should pay attention to the development of periodontal diseases among women during pregnancy.
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16
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Dou Y, Xin J, Zhou P, Tang J, Xie H, Fan W, Zhang Z, Wu D. Bidirectional association between polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1008675. [PMID: 36755917 PMCID: PMC9899846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1008675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease (PDD) share common risk factors. The bidirectional interaction between PCOS and PDD has been reported, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Endocrine disorders including hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS disturb the oral microbial composition and increase the abundance of periodontal pathogens. Additionally, PCOS has a detrimental effect on the periodontal supportive tissues, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Systemic low-grade inflammation status, especially obesity, persistent immune imbalance, and oxidative stress induced by PCOS exacerbate the progression of PDD. Simultaneously, PDD might increase the risk of PCOS through disturbing the gut microbiota composition and inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, genetic or epigenetic predisposition and lower socioeconomic status are the common risk factors for both diseases. In this review, we will present the latest evidence of the bidirectional association between PCOS and PDD from epidemiological, mechanistic, and interventional studies. A deep understanding on their bidirectional association will be beneficial to provide novel strategies for the treatment of PCOS and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dou
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglei Xin
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Women and Children hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Women and Children hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Incarceration exposure and women's oral health experiences during pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115467. [PMID: 36288649 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior research has documented an association between incarceration and poor oral health outcomes. Likewise, recent scholarship has also detailed that women exposed to incarceration either directly or vicariously through a partner during pregnancy incur worse health outcomes. However, no previous research has assessed the connection between incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The current study assesses the link between maternal incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. METHODS Data are from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from years 2016-2019 (N = 60,342). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between incarceration and oral health. RESULTS Women exposed to incarceration exhibited worse oral health outcomes in the form of being more likely to report not knowing the importance of oral care, not having an oral health discussion with a provider, not getting a teeth cleaning, as well as being likely to report needing to see a dental provider, having visited a dental provider for a problem during pregnancy, and having more unmet dental care needs. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to a burgeoning literature that demonstrates a woman's prenatal exposure to incarceration poses risk for overall health and wellbeing. Given the influence of both incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy for maternal and infant health, the findings suggest that coordination between criminal justice, public health, and oral health experts can develop programmatic efforts that expand access to oral health care and improve oral health literacy among incarceration-exposed pregnant women.
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Ludovichetti FS, Zuccon A, Lucchi P, Cattaruzza G, Zerman N, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Mothers' Awareness of the Correlation between Their Own and Their Children's Oral Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214967. [PMID: 36429685 PMCID: PMC9690153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time for a woman since it involves a series of changes in the body due to hormonal fluctuations and changes that can also influence the oral cavity and can lead to certain pathologies, such as carious lesions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated over the years that having poor dental health during pregnancy might have a significant impact on the child's oral health. The aim of the study is to analyze the level of knowledge and information of mothers on the importance of oral health care before, during, and after pregnancy as a preventive factor for the future oral health of the child. A questionnaire of 13 multiple choice questions was formulated and delivered from 24 February 2022 to 13 July 2022, aimed at women with at least one child. The Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Borgo Cavalli Clinic in Treviso and the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Santa Maria di Ca' Foncello Hospital in Treviso were the data collection centers. Crosstabs with dependency variables were used to statistically analyze the results. The study cohort consists of 411 women, whose responses showed that the majority did not have dental visits before and during pregnancy, which is why 74% of the whole sample did not request or receive information from professionals. Most mothers knew that they had to cleanse their child's mouth and, among them, those who responded more correctly, that is, who started before the eruption of the teeth, had received instructions from professionals. However, the low frequency of mothers performing dental checks during pregnancy did not allow mothers to become aware of the possibility of transmitting the carious lesions to their child, as conscious mothers represent 21%. Education from dentist and dental hygienists, gynecologists, and pediatricians is essential since they have an impact on mothers' habits and behaviors and ensure favorable oral health for both the mother and the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Ludovichetti
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498212040
| | - Andrea Zuccon
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lucchi
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattaruzza
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Pediatric Dentisrty, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Department of Neurosciences—Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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19
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Soliman AI, LaMonte MJ, Hovey KM, McSkimming DI, Andrews CA, Diaz PI, Buck MJ, Sun Y, Millen AE, Wactawski-Wende J. Relationship between the subgingival microbiome and menopausal hormone therapy use: The Buffalo OsteoPerio study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1635-1648. [PMID: 35533310 PMCID: PMC9643674 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between menopausal hormone therapy (HT) use and the subgingival microbiome, for which published information is limited. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1270 postmenopausal women, aged 53-81 years, who completed clinical examinations. Detailed information on HT use (type, delivery mode, duration) was obtained from questionnaires. HT use was categorized into three groups (never, former, current). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on subgingival plaque samples obtained during dental examinations. Operational taxonomic units were centered log2-ratio (CLR) transformed to account for the compositional data structure. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean microbial relative abundances across HT categories with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. RESULTS Significantly higher alpha diversity (Shannon Index) and beta diversity (Aitchison distance) was observed in never compared with current HT users (p < 0.05, each). Of the total 245 microbial taxa identified, 18 taxa differed significantly among the three HT groups, 11 of which were higher in current users and seven of which were lower in current users as compared with never users (p < 0.05, each). Differences in relative abundance between never and current HT users were materially unchanged after adjustment for age, body mass index, and oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS Relative abundance of several subgingival bacteria differed significantly between never and current HT users in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent that these relationships might account for the previously reported inverse association between HT use and periodontal disease in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Daniel I. McSkimming
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Chris A. Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patricia I. Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Amy E. Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY
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Iorio GG, Carbone L, Donadono V, Rovetto MY, Sarno L, Saccone G, Mazzarelli LL, Sirico A, Esposito G, Buonfantino C, DI Girolamo R, Arduino B, D'Alessandro P, Maruotti GM. Bleeding epulis gravidarum: what to evaluate? Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022; 74:171-177. [PMID: 35421917 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormonal changes during pregnancy may induce modifications in oral mucosa. Epulis gravidarum (EG) is an oral disease arising during pregnancy, usually regressing after delivery. A case of EG managed at our department is described and those previously reported in literature are reviewed in order to define EG clinical features for stratifying the risk of complications and the need of surgery during pregnancy as well as which factors should be considered more relevant in EG management. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception of each databases until May 2021 to identify clinical studies on management of EG diagnosed during pregnancy. The aim of this review was to identify factors influencing the need and timing of surgical management. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A woman with a triplet pregnancy suffering from EG, complicated by profuse bleeding, required Caesarean section (CS) given the triplet pregnancy and the impending preterm labor. The surgical removal of EG was not performed because it spontaneously regressed without consequences 40 days after delivery. Review analysis indicated that EG clinical management is dependent on types of symptoms and their severity. Multilinear regression analysis showed that operative management strategy was associated with bone loss on X-ray (t=4.23, P=0.003), while EG surgical treatment during pregnancy was associated with pain (t=-2.91, P=0.03). No significant differences were found in management strategy, according to pain (P=0.12), interference with mastication (P=0.98) and speech (P=0.36). A poor oral hygiene was described in 71% of patients as hypothetical trigger. CONCLUSIONS EG management strategy depends on bleeding, pain and bone loss on X-ray. A multidisciplinary approach is useful to perform a rapid and appropriate diagnosis and to better evaluate pros and cons of surgery during pregnancy and following management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe G Iorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy -
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Donadono
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Y Rovetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura L Mazzarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Sirico
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Esposito
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella DI Girolamo
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruno Arduino
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Alessandro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Maruotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Yassin R, Arowolo O, Sam-Agudu NA. Sexual health risk indicators and their associations with caries status and gingival health of adolescents resident in sub-urban South-West Nigeria. AAS Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13301.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescents are at high risk of poor sexual and oral health. We investigated for sexual risk factors associated with caries experience and gingival health among adolescents in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 10-19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Information collected included age; sex; socioeconomic status; sexual practices (vaginal, oral, anal sex); sexual (transactional sex, multiple sex partners, condom use at last sexual intercourse) and oral health (frequency of tooth brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, dental service utilization in the last 12 months, consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals) risk behaviors; caries experience; and gingival health. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between explanatory variables (sexual and oral health risk behaviors) and outcome variables (caries experience and gingivitis). Results: There were no significant associations between caries experience and history of sexual intercourse (OR:1.00); condom use at last sex act (OR:0.68); and having one (OR:2.27) or more sexual partners. Also, there was no significant association between moderate/severe gingivitis and a history of anal (OR:2.96), oral (OR:2.69), or vaginal (OR:1.40) sex; and a report of having one (OR:1.71) or more (OR:2.57) sex partners. Conclusions: Some sexual health risk indicators insignificantly increase the risk for caries and moderate/severe gingivitis. Screening for sexual risk behaviors during dental care may be a suitable wellness programs approach for adolescents.
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22
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Functional Nanomaterials Based Opto-Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Gonadal Steroid Hormones. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Bendek MJ, Canedo-Marroquín G, Realini O, Retamal IN, Hernández M, Hoare A, Busso D, Monteiro LJ, Illanes SE, Chaparro A. Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Potential Inflammatory Vicious Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111831. [PMID: 34769262 PMCID: PMC8584134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory immune disease associated with a dysbiotic state, influenced by keystone bacterial species responsible for disrupting the periodontal tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, the severity of periodontitis is determined by the interaction between the immune cell response in front of periodontitis-associated species, which leads to the destruction of supporting periodontal tissues and tooth loss in a susceptible host. The persistent bacterial challenge induces modifications in the permeability and ulceration of the sulcular epithelium, which facilitates the systemic translocation of periodontitis-associated bacteria into distant tissues and organs. This stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and a chronic activation of immune cells, contributing to a systemic pro-inflammatory status that has been linked with a higher risk of several systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although periodontitis and GDM share the common feature of systemic inflammation, the molecular mechanistic link of this association has not been completely clarified. This review aims to examine the potential biological mechanisms involved in the association between periodontitis and GDM, highlighting the contribution of both diseases to systemic inflammation and the role of new molecular participants, such as extracellular vesicles and non-coding RNAs, which could act as novel molecular intercellular linkers between periodontal and placental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bendek
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile; (M.J.B.); (G.C.-M.); (O.R.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile; (M.J.B.); (G.C.-M.); (O.R.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Ornella Realini
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile; (M.J.B.); (G.C.-M.); (O.R.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Ignacio N. Retamal
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile; (M.J.B.); (G.C.-M.); (O.R.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology and Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Dolores Busso
- Program in Biology of Reproduction, Centre for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (D.B.); (L.J.M.); (S.E.I.)
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Lara J. Monteiro
- Program in Biology of Reproduction, Centre for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (D.B.); (L.J.M.); (S.E.I.)
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Program in Biology of Reproduction, Centre for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (D.B.); (L.J.M.); (S.E.I.)
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile; (M.J.B.); (G.C.-M.); (O.R.); (I.N.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-998376593
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Cornejo Ulloa P, Krom BP, van der Veen MH. Sex Steroid Hormones as a Balancing Factor in Oral Host Microbiome Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:714229. [PMID: 34660339 PMCID: PMC8511811 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.714229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are cholesterol-derived molecules. They are secreted into saliva and enter the oral cavity, triggering physiological responses from oral tissues, with possible clinical implications, such as gingival inflammation and bleeding. SSH and hormonal changes affect not only oral host cells but also oral microorganisms. Historically, most research has focused on the effect of hormonal changes on specific bacteria and yeasts. Recently a broader effect of SSH on oral microorganisms was suggested. In order to assess the role of SSH in host-microbe interactions in the oral cavity, this review focuses on how and up to what extent SSH can influence the composition and behavior of the oral microbiome. The available literature was reviewed and a comprehensive hypothesis about the role of SSH in host-microbiome interactions is presented. The limited research available indicates that SSH may influence the balance between the host and its microbes in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique H van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Prasanna JS, Sumadhura C. Estimation of neopterin as a biomarker in biofluids of pre and post-menopausal women after initial periodontal therapy: A biochemical assay. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:300-306. [PMID: 34393400 PMCID: PMC8336780 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_516_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Periodontitis (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory condition by nature which destroys the surrounding tooth structures. Menopause (pre and post) worsens the inflammatory state. Biofluids could serve as sources of biomarkers that could diagnose or indicate the intensity and extent of both conditions. Aims: This study aimed to guestimate the various biofluids of neopterin (NP) levels in premenopause (pre-m) and postmenopausal (post-m) women with PDD after initial periodontal therapy (IPT). Settings and Design: This was an interventional cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Based on menstrual history, within the age range of 40–60 years, 30 female patients having PDD participated, who were grouped into pre-m and post-m, each group comprised 15 subjects. A biochemical test of NP levels was done at the initial and three months following IPT. Statistics used: Group comparisons and percentage decrement using independent sample t-test and paired t-test for intragroup comparison were done with the version 21, IBM SPSS software. Results: Intragroup NP analysis at different time points showed significant improvement. Intergroup comparison, however, has shown significant improvement in the premenopausal group (Group I) only. Conclusions: Reduced levels of NP were found in pre-m and post-m groups 3 months after IPT, inferring that IPT is a paragon in periodontal therapy and NP might be a good diagnostic marker to detect PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jammula Surya Prasanna
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chinta Sumadhura
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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26
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Tjahajawati S, Rafisa A, Gumilar KN, Nurzanah F, Rikmasari R. The Impact of Pregnancy and Menopause on the Correlation Between Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:324-331. [PMID: 34268195 PMCID: PMC8257019 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Evaluate the impact of pregnancy and menopause on the correlation between salivary calcium levels, calcium intake, and bleeding on probing (BOP), so it can be used as indicators to determine the oral health status of pregnant and menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. Participants included 26 menopausal women, 24 pregnant women, and 35 control subjects. Salivary calcium levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and calcium intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Other supporting data included height, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose level, salivary pH, and volume. Results: The mean salivary calcium levels of pregnant women (0.72 ± 0.61 mmol/L) were lower than those of control subjects (1.69 ± 0.81 mmol/L), but the mean salivary calcium levels of menopausal women were higher (1.99 ± 1.24 mmol/L). Most of the subjects in all three groups had inadequate calcium intake. The mean BOP values of pregnant and menopausal women were higher than those of the control subjects. This study found the only variable that correlated with the salivary calcium level was the menopausal group’s blood glucose level (P = 0.009). Conclusions: Pregnancy and menopause did not have an impact on the relationship between salivary calcium levels and BOP but had an impact on the relationship between salivary calcium levels and calcium intake. Calcium intake did not affect salivary calcium levels in both conditions when compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Tjahajawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Anggun Rafisa
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Fitri Nurzanah
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rasmi Rikmasari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
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27
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Gil-Montoya JA, Leon-Rios X, Rivero T, Expósito-Ruiz M, Perez-Castillo I, Aguilar-Cordero MJ. Factors associated with oral health-related quality of life during pregnancy: a prospective observational study. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:3475-3484. [PMID: 33978891 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the evolution of perceived quality of life in relation to oral health during pregnancy and to determine the risk factors involved in this process. METHODS A follow-up study was carried out with pregnant Spanish women. Two oral examinations and an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment, using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, were performed in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, O'Sullivan Test measures, oral hygiene habits, history of caries, and periodontal status of participants were collected through structured medical-dental questionnaires. RESULTS A complete dataset comprising 246 pregnant women was available for analysis. Overall scores for negative impacts on the OHIP questionnaire were significantly higher during late pregnancy (74%). This indicated a deterioration in oral health-related quality of life amongst participants. Items describing "painful aching", "self-consciousness", "unsatisfactory diet", and "interrupted meals" showed the greatest increase between the first and third trimester of gestation. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-gestational/gestational diabetes mellitus and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation were directly associated with worse oral health-related quality of life during the third trimester of gestation (hyperglycemia: OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.019-8.050: p = 0.043 / oral hygiene: OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.970-1.836; p = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS In the present research, hyperglycemia during pregnancy and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation led to a higher risk of poor oral quality of life during late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, c/Paseo de Cartuja S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - X Leon-Rios
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, c/Paseo de Cartuja S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.,School of Odontology, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - T Rivero
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, c/Paseo de Cartuja S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Expósito-Ruiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Perez-Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Andalusian Plan for Research Development and Innovation, CTS 367, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Aguilar-Cordero
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Andalusian Plan for Research Development and Innovation, CTS 367, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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28
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Wendland N, Opydo-Szymaczek J, Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Subgingival microflora in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with oral hygiene, gingivitis, and selected metabolic and hormonal parameters. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:1485-1496. [PMID: 32779013 PMCID: PMC7878225 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research studies suggest that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may influence the composition of the oral microflora in women. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the number of selected periopathogens in a young cohort of females with PCOS and to assess the association between oral hygiene, subgingival microbiome, gingival health, and metabolic and hormonal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two subjects with PCOS and twenty-three healthy controls aged 15-19 years were examined periodontally by a calibrated dentist. A real-time PCR method was used for the identification of 9 subgingival microorganisms. Subjects with PCOS underwent blood tests for determination of FSH, LH, total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, SHBG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile. RESULTS Gingival index (GI), the proportion of bleeding sites (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) did not differ significantly between cases and healthy age-mates. The control group had significantly higher levels of Peptostreptococcus micros and substantially greater percentage of subjects infected by Treponema denticola. Capnocytophaga gingivalis count was positively correlated with the level of estradiol, while the concentration of HDL-C was negatively correlated with the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and orange complex bacteria. CONCLUSIONS PCOS in young patients was not associated with higher pathogenicity of subgingival biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further studies are needed to explain the relationship between hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, subgingival microflora, and periodontal health in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wendland
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 4-6 Orląt Lwowskich Street, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 22 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
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29
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Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor ß and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2021; 37:625-635. [PMID: 33558057 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the putative activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and possible effects related on gene expression in oral mucosal cells in response to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). METHODS Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to BPA-, BPF-, and BPS-solutions in concentrations of 1.3 μM, 0.16 μM and 11.4 nM as well as 200 pM and 100 nM estradiol (E2) for 6 h, 24 h and 4 d. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed to detect a possible ERβ activation. Additionally, transcription of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A linear mixed model and pairwise comparisons were applied for statistical analyses. RESULTS The tested concentrations of BPA, BPF, BPS and E2 revealed distinct activation of ERβ at all time periods, whereat 100 nM E2 induced the most pronounced activation. Despite the detected ERβ activation, the concentrations of BPA and its analogues induced only moderate modulation of the tested keratinocyte-relevant biomarker genes at all time periods. This also applied to 200 pM E2, while in case of 100 nM E2 significant changes (p < 0.05) were detected for almost all analyzed genes. SIGNIFICANCE Though BPA and its analogues induce activation of ERß irrespective from the chosen concentrations and incubation periods, they lack significant modulation of gene expression of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers. Although limited to a selected number of genes, the sparse modulation of gene expression may give a hint that the substances do slightly affect transcription of gingival-keratinocyte-innate genes, since the concentrations applied to HGK were of physiological importance.
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30
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Boyapati R, Cherukuri S, Bodduru R, Kiranmaye A. Influence of female sex hormones in different stages of women on periodontium. J Midlife Health 2021; 12:263-266. [PMID: 35264831 PMCID: PMC8849144 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_142_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary etiologic factor for periodontal diseases is “Dental plaque.” Although pathogenic bacteria in dental plaque are required for the incidence of periodontal disease, a susceptible host is also very important. The susceptibility of the host can be modified by many systemic factors with hormones level being one. The periodontium shows an exaggerated inflammatory response to plaque modified by female sex hormones during puberty, pregnancy, in women taking oral contraceptives, and at the postmenopausal stage. This review provides an in detail analysis of how periodontium is influenced by the fluctuation in sex steroid hormones of females during different phases of their lifetime and to discuss how much the same hormone at different ages and stages shows an exaggerated gingival response to plaque.
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31
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Oziegbe EO, Schepartz LA. Association between parity and tooth loss among northern Nigerian Hausa women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:451-462. [PMID: 33340105 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproduction is associated with physiological, metabolic, and nutritional demands that can negatively affect health and are possibly cumulative when parity is high. While it is probable that maternal oral health is similarly affected, available evidence is based on fairly low parity populations and likely confounders affecting oral health status were not considered. AIM To determine the relationship between parity and tooth loss in a population with many high parity women. Contributions of age, reproductive and socioeconomic parameters, and oral health practices were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 612 Hausa women of all parity levels aged 13-65 years. Women with ≥5 children were considered high parity. Sociodemographic status and oral health practices were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. All teeth present, (excluding third molars) and missing teeth were noted, with inquiries regarding tooth loss etiology. Associations with tooth loss were evaluated through correlations, ANOVA, post hoc analyses and Student's t tests. Effect sizes were used to interpret the magnitude of differences. Multiple regression (negative binomial model) was used to investigate predictors of tooth loss. RESULTS Hausa women had a low prevalence of tooth loss, despite poor oral hygiene, and limited dental care. Older, middle SES, and higher parity women experienced significantly more tooth loss. Additionally, increased duration of reproductively active years was significantly related to fewer remaining teeth. CONCLUSION Higher parity was related to greater tooth loss in Hausa women. Women with ≥5 children experienced more loss than lower parity age mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynne A Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Physical Anthropology and Mediterranean Sections, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Katarzyńska-Konwa M, Obersztyn I, Trzcionka A, Mocny-Pachońska K, Mosler B, Tanasiewicz M. Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E528. [PMID: 33271978 PMCID: PMC7761035 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agata Trzcionka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (I.O.); (K.M.-P.); (B.M.); (M.T.)
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33
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Jain A, Gupta S, Bhansali A, Gupta M, Jain A, Bhaskar N, Kaur RK. Impact of concurrent diabetes on periodontal health in patients with acromegaly. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19170. [PMID: 33154456 PMCID: PMC7645583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested excess GH/IGF1 secretion in patients with acromegaly is protective for periodontal health. Diabetes is prevalent comorbidity in patients of acromegaly and is associated with worsening of periodontal disease. The present study evaluates the periodontal health and cytokines status in treatment-naive active acromegaly patients with and without diabetes. Eleven patients, each of acromegaly with and without diabetes and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Periodontal parameters were assessed. GCF and blood samples for IL-6, TGF-β1, and PDGF were obtained. Serum GH, IGF1, HbA1c, pituitary hormones and MRI sella were performed in patients with acromegaly. There was no significant difference in periodontal status of patients with acromegaly and healthy controls. However, a significant increase in serum IL-6 (p = 0.019) and TGF-β1 (p = 0.025) levels in patients with acromegaly was observed and all patients had concurrent hypogonadism. Nevertheless, the patients with acromegaly having diabetes had modestly higher CAL and PD and serum IL-6 levels (p = 0.051), but it could not exert adverse effects on periodontal health in presence of GH/IGF1 excess. GH/IGF1 excess did not exert a protective effect on periodontal status in acromegaly, possibly due to concurrent hypogonadism and opposing cytokines; however, it could mask the ill-effects of diabetes on periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mili Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Nandini Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Yunita Sari E, Saddki N, Yusoff A. Association between Perceived Oral Symptoms and Presence of Clinically Diagnosed Oral Diseases in a Sample of Pregnant Women in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197337. [PMID: 33049972 PMCID: PMC7579349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The integration of oral health into primary health care denotes the important role of medical counterparts as the front liners in antenatal care to help screen mothers for oral symptoms and refer them to dentists accordingly. However, the validity of self-perceived oral health status is inconclusive. This study determined the association between self-perceived oral symptoms and the presence of clinically diagnosed oral diseases in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 192 pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical oral examinations were performed to record dental caries experience, gingival health and periodontal health. The women were also asked about their oral symptoms. Most women had at least one oral symptom (84.9%): cavitated tooth (62.0%), bad breath (38.5%), bleeding gums (28.6%), and toothache (22.9%). About half of the women had untreated dental caries (58.9%), and the odds were significantly higher in women who complained of having cavitated tooth. About half of the women had moderate to severe gingivitis (53.7%), and the odds were significantly higher in women who complained of bleeding gums. About half had periodontal pockets (46.3%), and the odds were higher in women who complained of bleeding gums and bad breath although lower in women who complained of swollen gums. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among pregnant women in this study were relatively high. The presence of untreated dental caries, moderate and severe gingivitis, and periodontal pockets were significantly associated with their corresponding oral symptoms.
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The Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Periodontal Disease, and Osteoporosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:950-962. [PMID: 32914348 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder to affect women in their reproductive years. There has been growing concern that women with PCOS may suffer from long-term metabolic consequences due to the high degree of insulin resistance that is often present in PCOS. However, few longitudinal studies exist in this area and there is a paucity of data on whether women with PCOS are at risk of other chronic diseases as they age. Specifically, current evidence suggests that reproductive-age women with PCOS may be at increased risk for both osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD)-both these chronic diseases can have serious implications for health and quality of life. However, few studies have addressed how risk factors for osteoporosis and PD may be altered by aging in PCOS. The PCOS phenotype of women beyond reproductive years is poorly understood, and it is not known whether the metabolic profile of older women with PCOS results in an increased risk of osteoporosis and PD. The objective of this review is to discuss the relationships between PCOS, osteoporosis, and PD, and how these relationships could be impacted during aging. The long-term goal of this review is to provide direction for future research that is needed to more clearly elucidate these relationships and eventually provide a basis for evidence-based health recommendations.
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Paksoy T, Ustaoğlu G, Peker K. Association of socio-demographic, behavioral, and comorbidity-related factors with severity of periodontitis in Turkish patients. Aging Male 2020; 23:232-241. [PMID: 32281459 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1748002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of comorbidities and periodontal diseases severity in dental patients and to determine the socio-demographic, behavioral, and comorbidity-related predictors of periodontal diseases severity.Material and methods: This retrospective study sample consisted of 2458 patients who referred to faculty dentistry clinic. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and comorbidity characteristics of study participants were collected using hospital database and self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to analyze study data.Results: Of these patients, 55.2% had mild-to-moderate periodontitis and 44.8% had severe periodontitis. The severity of periodontal disease was significantly associated with the presence of comorbidity, the number of comorbidities, age, gender, income level, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Patients with severe periodontitis were more likely being a current smoker, to report drinking alcohol sometimes or every day, to be a male, to have a pulmonary disease, to have an endocrinological and metabolic disorder, to have a cardiovascular disorder and to have a neurological disorder than those with mild/moderate periodontitis. Having a hematological disorder, having a muscle, skeletal and connective tissue disorder, to be a current smoker and lower age were found to be predictors of moderate periodontitis whereas being a female and lower number of comorbidities were predictors of mild periodontitis.Conclusions: The severity of periodontitis was associated with socio-demographic, behavioral, and comorbidity characteristics of periodontal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Paksoy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülbahar Ustaoğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Peker
- Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bobetsis YA, Graziani F, Gürsoy M, Madianos PN. Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:154-174. [PMID: 32385871 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are considered not only to affect tooth-supporting tissues but also to have a cause-and-effect relationship with various systemic diseases and conditions, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mechanistic studies provide strong evidence that periodontal pathogens can translocate from infected periodontium to the feto-placental unit and initiate a metastatic infection. However, the extent and mechanisms by which metastatic inflammation and injury contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes still remain unclear. The presence of oral bacteria in the placenta of women with term gestation further complicates our understanding of the biology behind the role of periodontal pathogens in pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiological studies demonstrate many methodological inconsistencies and flaws that render comparisons difficult and conclusions insecure. Therefore, despite the fact that a number of prospective studies show a positive association between periodontal diseases and various adverse pregnancy outcomes, the evidence behind it is still weak. Future well-designed explanatory studies are necessary to verify this relationship and, if present, determine its magnitude. The majority of high-quality randomized controlled trials reveal that nonsurgical periodontal therapy during the second trimester of gestation does not improve pregnancy outcomes. From a biological standpoint, this can be partially explained by the fact that therapy rendered at the fourth to sixth months of pregnancy is too late to prevent placental colonization by periodontal pathogens and consequently incapable of affecting pathogen-induced injury at the feto-placental unit. Thus, interventions during the preconception period may be more meaningful. With the increase in our understanding on the potential association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, it is clear that dental practitioners should provide periodontal treatment to pregnant women that is safe for both the mother and the unborn child. Although there is not enough evidence that the anti-infective therapy alters pregnancy outcomes, it improves health-promoting behavior and periodontal condition, which in turn advance general health and risk factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiorgos A Bobetsis
- Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Prasanna JS, Sumadhura C. Biochemical Analysis of Three Biological Fluids and its Response to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis. J Menopausal Med 2020; 25:149-157. [PMID: 32307940 PMCID: PMC6952703 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.18179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. The stages of menopause also worsen inflammatory condition. Biomarkers from biological fluids can be used as a diagnostic indicator to correlate these two conditions of present and future disease activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neopterin levels in three biological fluids obtained from pre- and postmenopausal women with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT, that is, scaling). Methods This was a cross-sectional interventional study. Thirty women, aged 40–60 years, with periodontitis were selected according to their menstrual history. They were divided into the pre- and postmenopausal groups, with each group including 15 participants. The neopterin levels were measured in both groups at baseline and 3 months after NSPT. Intergroup comparison and percentage decrement analysis were performed using the independent sample t test, and intragroup comparison was performed using the paired t test. Results There were statistically significant reductions in the mean values of saliva, urine, and plasma from baseline to 3 months after NSPT in the groups. Intergroup comparison showed no significant values in the postmenopausal group, and a significant reduction was seen in the mean values was seen in the mean values. Conclusions Neopterin levels decreased at 3 months after NSPT in both the groups, suggesting that NSPT can be a gold standard therapy and that the neopterin level could be a indicator to identify periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jammula Surya Prasanna
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Chinta Sumadhura
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
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Wulandari P, Masulili SLC, Kusdhany LS, Puspitadewi SR, Musurlieva N, Baziad A. Cross Adaptation Quality of Life Questionnaire for Periodontitis Patients (Modified Indonesian Version) in Menopausal Women. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Changes in steroidal sex hormones in peri- and post-menopausal women affect their bodies, including their periodontal tissues. Disorders of periodontal tissues can impact the patient’s quality of life, so a valid instrument in measuring quality of life is needed in order to know how much periodontitis affects the quality of life of sufferers in peri and postmenopausal women.
Objective:
This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version).
Methods:
Cross-cultural adaptation was tested in peri- and post-menopausal women aged 45–59 years. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was examined among 268 women, who lived in Jakarta and were undergoing a periodontal examination to determine periodontitis severity.
Results:
Cronbach’s α coefficients for internal consistency were: 0.929 (questions related to gums) and 0.942 (questions related to teeth); The test-retest reliability was good as determined based on a test–repeat test involving 27 women; the interclass coefficient was 0.880 (questions related to gums) and 0.878 (questions related to teeth). The construct validity of the questionnaire (questions related to gums and teeth) showed that the questionnaire was significantly associated with oral health and food taste (P<0.001). The discriminant validity of the questionnaire, the influence of the gums on speaking difficulties (P=0.011) and family life (P=0.025) and the influence of the teeth on family life (P=0.020) and mood (P=0.019) could enable differentiation of periodontal severity in peri- and post-menopausal women.
Conclusion:
This study confirmed the reliability and validity of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version) in peri- and post-menopausal women, therefore this questionnaire can be used to measure the quality of life of periodontitis patients in peri and postmenopause in Indonesia.
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40
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Walkenhorst MS, Reyes L, Perez G, Progulske-Fox A, Brown MB, Phillips PL. A Uniquely Altered Oral Microbiome Composition Was Observed in Pregnant Rats With Porphyromonas gingivalis Induced Periodontal Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:92. [PMID: 32211345 PMCID: PMC7069352 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity and associated with the development of periodontal disease. P. gingivalis has also been linked to several systemic vascular and inflammatory diseases including poor pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about the changes in the oral flora during pregnancy in connection to P. gingivalis infection. This pilot study aims to explore changes in the oral microbiome due to P. gingivalis inoculation and pregnancy in an in vivo rat model of periodontal disease. A metagenomic sequencing analysis targeting seven of the 16S rRNA gene variable regions was performed for oral samples collected at the following time points: baseline control (week 0), P. gingivalis inoculated (week 11), P. gingivalis inoculated and pregnant rat at necropsy (week 16). A second set of animals were also sampled to generate a sham-inoculated (week 11) control group. We found that the rat oral microbiome profiles were more similar to that of the human oral cavity compared to previous reports targeting one or two 16S variable regions. Overall, there appears to be a relatively stable core microbiome in the oral cavity. As expected, P. gingivalis induced periodontal disease resulted in oral microbiome dysbiosis. During pregnancy, some aspects of the oral microbiome shifted toward a more baseline-like profile. However, population analyses in terms of dissimilarity measures and especially metagenomic based predictions of select characteristics such as cell morphology, oxygen requirement, and major metabolite synthesis showed that pregnancy did not restore the composition of the oral microbiome. Rather, a uniquely altered oral microbiome composition was observed in pregnant rats with pre-established periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Walkenhorst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gonzalo Perez
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ann Progulske-Fox
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Priscilla L Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United States
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41
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Basuki W, Rawlinson J, Lothamer C, Wheeler R, Prytherch B. Evaluation of Gingivitis in Pregnant Beagle Dogs. J Vet Dent 2020; 36:179-185. [DOI: 10.1177/0898756419892202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) in pregnant women has been correlated with negative impacts on pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, preterm labor, and increased neonatal mortality. This study aimed to explore similar associations in dogs. Medical, dental, and reproductive records of healthy female beagles producing one or more litters within a research breeding facility were evaluated over a 1.5-year period. Dental scoring (1-6) was based on a facility-developed, subjective assessment of gingivitis and calculus deposition following parturition. Assessment of periodontitis was not performed. Statistical analyses were performed to find correlations between the dam’s dental score and pregnancy outcomes (length of gestation, litter size, stillborn, and failure to thrive puppies). Dam age, litter size, and perinatal mortalities were controlled in the statistical models. Data were collected from 808 dams, 1344 litters, and 7197 puppies; 75.3% of the 1344 dam scores were categorized as dental score 3 or less with a mean of 2.7. None of the evaluated pregnancy outcomes had any significant correlations with the severity of dental scores. The lack of a significant relationship between dental score and pregnancy outcomes may be the result of the low number of dogs with severe gingivitis and calculus deposition, the variability of dental score timing postparturition, and/or the subjective facility-generated dental scoring method that did not include universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment. Studies involving more animals with severe PD utilizing objective, universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment are warranted to say with confidence no association exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williana Basuki
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Rawlinson
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Chad Lothamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard Wheeler
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ben Prytherch
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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42
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Pullishery F, Dada A, Aboelaza M, Shalaby M. Periodontal status of 33–44-year-old male bodybuilders and its relationship with protein supplement intake: An observational comparative study. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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43
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Mitova N, Rashkova MR, Popova CL. Saliva diagnostics of sex hormones and subgingival microflora in children in puberty. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1688190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mitova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Rasheva Rashkova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Lazarova Popova
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Unsworth AJ, Flora GD, Gibbins JM. Non-genomic effects of nuclear receptors: insights from the anucleate platelet. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:645-655. [PMID: 29452349 PMCID: PMC5915957 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) have the ability to elicit two different kinds of responses, genomic and non-genomic. Although genomic responses control gene expression by influencing the rate of transcription, non-genomic effects occur rapidly and independently of transcriptional regulation. Due to their anucleate nature and mechanistically well-characterized and rapid responses, platelets provide a model system for the study of any non-genomic effects of the NRs. Several NRs have been found to be present in human platelets, and multiple NR agonists have been shown to elicit anti-platelet effects by a variety of mechanisms. The non-genomic functions of NRs vary, including the regulation of kinase and phosphatase activity, ion channel function, intracellular calcium levels, and production of second messengers. Recently, the characterization of mechanisms and identification of novel binding partners of NRs have further strengthened the prospects of developing their ligands into potential therapeutics that offer cardio-protective properties in addition to their other defined genomic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Unsworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, Berkshire, UK
| | - Gagan D Flora
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, Berkshire, UK
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, Berkshire, UK
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Zhang CS, Wang WX. [Multiple pregnancy epulides: a case report]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:461-463. [PMID: 30182578 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy epulis is a tumor-like lesion that results from aggravating gingivitis due to high level of gonadal hormone concentration. Pregnancy epulis is commonly manifested as a single lump. A case of multiple pregnancy epulises, which has been rarely explored, is reported in this paper. The patient received no other treatment but a single supragingival scaling. Results showed no remarkable changes in the lesion. However, all the epulides regressed spontaneously in five months after the parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shu Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen-Xia Wang
- Dept. of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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46
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Bett JVS, Batistella EÂ, Melo G, Munhoz EDA, Silva CAB, Guerra ENDS, Porporatti AL, De Luca Canto G. Prevalence of oral mucosal disorders during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:270-277. [PMID: 30673134 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of oral mucosal disorders during pregnancy. METHODS Observational studies were selected by two reviewers in a two-phase process. Search strategies were applied at CINAHL, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Synthesis of results was calculated by the software R Statistics version 3.5.1 (The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Confidence in cumulative evidence was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, of which 5935 participants were enrolled. The overall prevalence of oral mucosal disorders was 11.8%. Gingival hyperplasia (17.1%), morsicatio buccarum (10%), oral candidiasis (4.4%), pyogenic granuloma (3%), and benign migratory glossitis (2.8%) were the most prevalent lesions. The overall risk of bias was considered moderate, and the quality of evidence was very low. CONCLUSION Disorders of the oral mucosa were present in approximately 1 out of 10 pregnant women. Gingival hyperplasia was the most prevalent lesion. Further studies should apply homogeneous methodology to improve the quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva Bett
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence‐Based ResearchFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Elis Ângela Batistella
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence‐Based ResearchFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Gilberto Melo
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence‐Based ResearchFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Etiene de Andrade Munhoz
- Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | | | - André Luís Porporatti
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence‐Based ResearchFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
- Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence‐Based ResearchFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
- Department of DentistryFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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47
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Sahin Aydınyurt H, Yuncu YZ, Tekin Y, Ertugrul AS. IL-6, TNF-α levels and periodontal status changes during the menstrual cycle. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1599-1605. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Sahin Aydınyurt
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Yuzuncu Yil University; Van Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ziya Yuncu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Yuzuncu Yil University; Van Turkey
| | - Yasin Tekin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
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48
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de Lima PO, Nani BD, Almeida B, Marcondes FK, Groppo FC, de Moraes ABA, Franz-Montan M, Cogo-Müller K. Stress-related salivary proteins affect the production of volatile sulfur compounds by oral bacteria. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1358-1366. [PMID: 29761905 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether stress-related substances and sex hormones influence the growth and in vitro production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) by Solobacterium moorei and Fusobacterium nucleatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria growth and VSCs production were evaluated in the presence of alpha-amylase, beta-defensin-2, mucin, estradiol, and progesterone. Growth was evaluated by colony counting, and the production of the VSCs hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3 SH) was measured using the Oral Chroma™ instrument. RESULTS Mucin induced the production of H2 S by both bacteria, but had a slight inhibitory effect on CH3 SH production by F. nucleatum. It also increased the viability of F. nucleatum. Alpha-amylase increased H2 S production by S. moorei and CH3 SH production by F. nucleatum, but had no effect on H2 S production by F. nucleatum. No substance altered the viability of S. moorei. No effects of beta-defensin-2, estradiol, or progesterone were observed. CONCLUSION The salivary stress-related proteins mucin and alpha-amylase altered VSCs production by F. nucleatum and S. moorei, favoring H2 S production. These findings are a step toward understanding the relation between stress and increased amounts of H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Oliveira de Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dias Nani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Klein Marcondes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Bento Alves de Moraes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Elias-Boneta AR, Ramirez K, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Murillo M, Toro MJ. Prevalence of gingivitis and calculus in 12-year-old Puerto Ricans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29351752 PMCID: PMC5775617 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis is a common oral health problem. Untreated gingivitis may progress to periodontitis, a common cause of tooth loss. The prevalence of gingivitis and calculus among Puerto Rican children is unknown. Understanding this prevalence can support early public health preventative strategies. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus among 12-year-old Puerto Ricans by health region and to explore differences in distribution by school type (proxy for socio-economic status) and gender. Methods A probability-based sample of 113 schools was selected proportional to enrollment size and stratified by health region, school type, and gender. Two trained examiners evaluated the presence of gingivitis and both supragingival and subgingival dental calculus. Gingivitis was defined as the presence of gingival bleeding upon gentle probing (BOP) in at least one site, and the extent of the problem was classified according to the percentage of teeth whose gingiva presented BOP (limited: 25–49% of the teeth tested; extensive: >50% of teeth tested). Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for health regions, were used to compare gingivitis and calculus prevalence and extent between genders and school types. Results Gingivitis was found in 80.41% of the 1586 children evaluated. Urban-public schoolchildren had a slightly higher prevalence (83.24%) compared to private (79.15%, p = 0.16); those in rural-public (77.59%) and private schools had similar prevalence (p = 0.15). Extensive gingivitis was present in 60.81% of all children. The mean percentage of sites presenting BOP (BOP%) was 17.79%. Rural and urban public schoolchildren presented significantly higher BOP% compared to children from private schools (p = 0.0005, p = 0.002, respectively). Dental calculus was detected in 61.59% of the sample, boys presenting significantly higher (p = 0.005) total and supragingival calculus. Rural-public schoolchildren had a significantly higher prevalence of subgingival calculus compared to private schoolchildren (p = 0.02). Conclusions Gingivitis prevalence is higher among 12-year-old Puerto Ricans compared to data reported for U.S. adolescents. Public schoolchildren presented significantly higher BOP% sites compared to private schoolchildren. Boys presented a significantly higher total and supragingival calculus prevalence than girls. Oral health disparities related to gender and school type were identified by this study. Studies exploring the reasons for these disparities are recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-017-0471-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto R Elias-Boneta
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Karol Ramirez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.,Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Margarita Murillo
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Milagros J Toro
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
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Degasperi GR, Etchegaray A, Marcelino L, Sicard A, Villalpando K, Pinheiro SL. Periodontal Disease: General Aspects from Biofilm to the Immune Response Driven by Periodontal Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2018.81001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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