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Khan LF, Tadakamadla SK, Tadakamadla J. Unveiling a Health Disparity: Comparative Analysis of Head and Neck Cancer Trends between First Nations People and Non-Indigenous Australians (1998-2015). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2548. [PMID: 39061187 PMCID: PMC11274635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to assess and compare the HNC trends between the First Nations and non-Indigenous population. METHODS HNC incidence (1998-2013) and mortality (1998-2015) data in First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians were utilised from the Australian Cancer Database. The age-standardised incidence and mortality trends along with annual percentage changes were analysed using Joinpoint models. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates according to remoteness, states, and five-year survival rates among First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians were presented as graphs. RESULTS First Nations people had over twice the age-standardised incidence (2013; 29.8/100,000 vs. 14.7/100,000) and over 3.5 times the age-standardised mortality rates (2015; 14.2/100,000 vs. 4.1/100,000) than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Both populations saw a decline in mortality, but the decline was only statistically significant in non-Indigenous Australians (17.1% decline, 1998: 4.8/100,000, 2015: 4.1/100,000; p < 0.05). Across all remoteness levels and states, First Nations people consistently had higher age-standardised incidence and mortality rates. Furthermore, the five-year survival rate was lower by 25% in First Nations people. CONCLUSION First Nations people continue to shoulder a disproportionate HNC burden compared to non-Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Fahad Khan
- Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (S.K.T.); (J.T.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (S.K.T.); (J.T.)
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia
| | - Jyothi Tadakamadla
- Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (S.K.T.); (J.T.)
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia
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Lip cancer prevalence, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management: A review of the literature. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Lang K, Akbaba S, Held T, El Shafie R, Farnia B, Bougatf N, Bernhardt D, Freudlsperger C, Plinkert PK, Rieken S, Debus J, Adeberg S. Retrospective analysis of outcome and toxicity after postoperative radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 108:125-133. [PMID: 33641520 PMCID: PMC8984927 DOI: 10.1177/0300891621996805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Carcinomas of the lips are a relatively common malignancy of the head and
neck region, accounting for roughly one quarter of all oral cavity cancers.
Compared to other oral cancer sites, this location has a favorable
prognosis, with 5-year survival rates between 85% and 95%. This study
summarizes our institutional experience in utilizing postoperative radiation
for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper and/or lower lip
following incomplete surgical resection or positive lymph node involvement
with extracapsular extension. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients at the
University Hospital of Heidelberg between 2005 and 2018 treated with
postoperative radiotherapy of the upper and lower lip. Nineteen patients
were identified with a median age at diagnosis of 67 years (range, 41–95
years), with 58% male and 42% female patients. Fourteen patients (73.7%)
underwent neck dissection, with 5 (35.7%) found to have extracapsular
extension (ECE) and positive resection margin (R1/2), 2 (14.3%) only ECE,
and 7 (50.0%) with only R1/2. All patients received a median cumulative dose
of 66.0 Gy (range, 60.0–70.0 Gy) in a median of 2.0 Gy per fraction (range,
1.8–2.2 Gy). Results: Median follow-up was 5.2 years. The median progression-free survival (PFS)
was 3.9 years (range, 0.2–12.4 years), local disease-free survival (LDFS)
was 4 years (range, 1–12 years) and overall survival (OS) was 5.2 years
(range, 0.2–12.4 years). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS, PFS, and
LDFS were 61.4%, 85.7%, and 100.0%, respectively. At last follow-up, 13
patients (68.4%) were still alive. Although no patient developed
locoregional relapse, two patients developed distant relapse at a median of
15 months after radiotherapy. There was a statistically significant
improvement in OS in patients treated with higher radiotherapy doses
(>60.0 Gy, p = 0.044) compared to lower radiotherapy
doses. PFS was significantly improved among patients who had N0 disease,
with a negative resection margin, without ECE, and who were treated with
intensity-modulated radiotherapy to doses >60.0 Gy. No grade 3/4 toxicity
was detected; the most common grade 1/2 toxicities included dermatitis (n =
11, 57.9%), oral mucositis (n = 8, 42.1%), and dysphagia (n = 8, 42.1%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate excellent local control and OS with acceptable
toxicity when utilizing postoperative radiotherapy in patients with squamous
cell carcinoma of the upper and lower lip, despite unfavorable
characteristics (advanced T or N stage and/or ECE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sati Akbaba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami El Shafie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Farnia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nina Bougatf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denise Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freudlsperger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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Miranda-Filho A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104551. [PMID: 31986342 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Global descriptions of international patterns and trends in oral cancer are informative in providing insight into the shifting epidemiologic patterns and the potential prevention of these tumours. We present global statistics on these cancers using the comprehensive set of national estimates and recorded data collated at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). METHODS The estimated number of lip and oral cavity cases and deaths in the 185 countries for the year 2018 was extracted from IARC's GLOBOCAN database of national estimates. To examine trends, recorded data series on lip and oral cavity cancers, as well as corresponding population-at-risk data were extracted from successive volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. RESULTS Globally, the highest incidence was found in South-Central Asia and parts of Oceania, with the highest estimated incidence rates in Papua New Guinea, Pakistan and India. The highest observed rates of lip cancer were in Australia, while India had the highest incidence rates of mouth and oral tongue cancer. Trends are diverse, with lip cancer incidence rates continuing to decrease for both sexes; the incidence rates of mouth cancer are also in decline in males, although increasing rates among females were observed in some populations. CONCLUSION There are some grounds for optimism given the prospects for control of these cancers. Primary prevention should however focus on the reduction of the main causes, namely, tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Miranda-Filho
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Epidemiological Aspects in Lip Tumors in Oltenia Region of Romania During 2012-2016. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2018; 44:39-47. [PMID: 30622754 PMCID: PMC6295190 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The objective of this study was to review lip tumor diagnosed subjects from Oltenia
region, in the past 5 years according to gender, age, home environment,
profession, geographic area, smoking habit, associated diseases, tumor location,
macroscopic aspect and histological type. Material and Methods. The study was
done at the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County
Hospital of Craiova, and involved the analysis of patient file records, surgical
registers, histopathological bulletins, from 2012-2016. Results. Of the 175
subjects included in this study, all of them diagnosed with lip tumor pathology,
109 (62.29%) were men, and 66 (37.71%) were women, all of
them with ages between 6 and 92 years, with a mean age of 61 years. Distribution
of study participants according to the home residence showed that majority of
the subjects lived in rural area. The most frequently localization of lip tumors
in study participants was at the lower lip-140 cases (80%), than at
the upper lip-35 cases (20%).According to histological
characteristics, distribution of the malignant lip tumors was
87.39%-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 5.41%-basal cell
carcinoma (BCC) and 7.20%-other type of tumors. Conclusions. The
lower lip was the most affected, by lip cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma
represents the most frequently histological type of these tumors.
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Singh SP, Eisenberg R, Hoffman G. An Overview and Comparative Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancer Risk Factors in India and Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2018.75027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Heath care providers should be comfortable with normal as well as pathologic findings in the lips, because the lips are highly visible and may display clinical manifestations of local, as well as systemic inflammatory, allergic, irritant, and neoplastic alterations. Fortunately, the lips are easily accessible. The evaluation should include a careful history and physical examination, including visual inspection, as well as palpation of the lips and an examination of associated cervical, submandibular, and submental nodes. Pathologic and microscopic studies, as well as a review of medications, allergies, and habits, may further highlight possible etiologies. Many lip conditions, including premalignant changes, are relatively easy to treat, when the abnormalities are detected early; however, advanced disease and malignancies are challenging for both the patient and clinician. Treatment should be focused on eliminating potential irritants or allergens and treatment of the primary dermatosis. In this paper we review physiologic variants as well as pathologic conditions of the lips.
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8
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The Correlation between the Complexity of the Reconstruction in the Labial Region and the Extent of the Postoperative Defect - Report of 3 Cases. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:389-391. [PMID: 30595909 PMCID: PMC6286453 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.04.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lips are structures that play an essential role in aesthetics, nutrition and speech. Their complex anatomy-with three different layers composed of skin, mucosa, and muscles-makes surgical management of this area a therapeutic challenge. We report here 3 cases of surgical reconstruction of the upper lip after the excision of tumors of varying sizes. The resulted defect from tumor extirpation is always closely linked to the time elapsed from the appearance of the tumor to the presentation in the ambulatory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
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Stage is a prognostic factor for surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status has been implemented. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:889-894. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:To determine the locoregional control and survival rates (in terms of risk factors) of patients who underwent surgical resection of early-stage lip cancer and for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.Methods:The sociodemographic data, tumour stage, tumour characteristics and histopathological features of 41 patients with early-stage lip cancer were evaluated. Factors predictive of survival and locoregional recurrence were analysed. The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were determined, and the prognostic risk factors were compared.Results:The mean follow-up period was 60.5 months (range, 4–92 months). Age, sex, tumour stage, tumour thickness and volume, and perineural involvement were not predictive of locoregional recurrence or survival. Pathological tumour stage (T1vsT2) was a prognostic factor for both five-year overall survival (87.3vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.042) and disease-free survival (88.6vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.037).Conclusion:Tumour stage was clearly a major factor affecting the prognosis of surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.
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10
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Rojas IG, Spencer ML, Zapata PA, Martínez A, Alarcón R, Marchesani FJ, Tezal M. CD8+ and FoxP3+ T-cell infiltration in actinic cheilitis. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:54-62. [PMID: 27778327 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in immune profile between actinic cheilitis (AC), a precursor of lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lip vermillion (NL) have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To compare density, distribution, and ratios of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells between AC and NL and assess their associations with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Samples of AC and NL obtained between 2001 and 2013 at the College of Dentistry of the University of Concepcion, Chile, were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells. Differences between groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests. Independent effects of cell densities and CD8/FoxP3 ratio with AC were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounding. RESULTS A total of 62 AC and 24 NL biopsies were included. Densities of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells in AC were significantly higher than in NL. Conversely, the CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio was significantly lower in AC as compared to NL. After adjustment for sun exposure, age, gender, and smoking status, a stromal FoxP3+ cell density higher than 0.35 cells/field was significantly associated with increased odds of AC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-21.31), while a stromal CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio higher than 5.91 was associated with decreased odds of AC (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08-1.08). CONCLUSIONS AC is characterized by increased FoxP3+ cell infiltration and a reduced CD8/FoxP3 ratio as compared to NL. Therefore, increased infiltration of FoxP3+ cells relative to CD8+ cells may contribute to the transition from normal to preneoplastic stages in lip carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde G Rojas
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria L Spencer
- Anatomopathology Section, Regional Hospital of Concepción "Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente", Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina A Zapata
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Martínez
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rosario Alarcón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology Section, College of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J Marchesani
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mine Tezal
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Biasoli ÉR, Valente VB, Mantovan B, Collado FU, Neto SC, Sundefeld MLMM, Miyahara GI, Bernabé DG. Lip Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study and Treatment Outcomes in a 25-Year Experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:1360-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Domínguez-Gordillo A, Esparza-Gómez G, García-Jiménez B, Cerero-Lapiedra R, Casado-Gómez I, Romero-Lastra P, Warnakulasuriya S. The pattern of lip cancer occurrence over the 1990-2011 period in public hospitals in Madrid, Spain. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:202-10. [PMID: 26256568 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some regions of Spain along with Canada and Australia have the highest rates of lip cancer in the world. The objective of this study was to examine the trends in the pattern of occurrence of lip cancer in Madrid, Spain. METHODS Data were extracted from the Central Tumour Registry of Madrid, between 1990 and 2011. Variables examined were age, sex, topographic and morphological location and tumour histology. Two consecutive periods, 1990-2001 and 2002-2011, were studied by descriptive and analytical methods, and the data from the two periods were statistically compared. RESULTS A total of 881 cases were registered during the period 1990-2011. Comparing data between the two periods (1990-2001 and 2002-2011), subtle variations in age, histology and location were noted. Gender ratios remained constant. The mean age increased from 66.3 to 69.7 years (P < 0.05). In the second period, the histological distribution showed an increase in frequency of basal cell carcinoma, from 2.1% to 4.7%, while the frequency of squamous cell carcinomas remained constant. Basal cell carcinoma no longer predominantly occurred in women, decreasing from 80% to 21.1% (P < 0.001). The distribution by gender of squamous cell carcinoma had become more equal due an increase in its frequency in women (P < 0.001). Frequency of tumours on lip mucosa and commissure had increased between the two periods (P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of lip cancer reported to Public Hospitals of Madrid is changing: declining rates are noted since 2001-02. However, it is necessary to monitor these data to confirm the observed trends in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Domínguez-Gordillo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of the Science, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Esparza-Gómez
- Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Jiménez
- Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cerero-Lapiedra
- Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casado-Gómez
- Department of Prevention, Odontopediatrics and Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Romero-Lastra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of the Science, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Oral Medicine, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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Pietersma N, de Bock G, de Visscher J, Roodenburg J, van Dijk B. No evidence for a survival difference between upper and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:549-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Derbi HA, Kruger E, Tennant M. Incidence of oral cancer in Western Australia (1982-2009): Trends and regional variations. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 12:e305-10. [PMID: 24935669 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oral cancer remains a significant issue for many communities of the world. In Australia, there are approximately 2000 new diagnoses each year, and the rates are growing. The divide between city and rural, rich and poor, is, in many countries, found to be linked to the incidence of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the trends in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (specifically cancer of the parotid and major salivary glands, pharynx, and tongue) in Western Australia over a 27-year period, from 1982 to 2009, and determine the geographic distribution of incidence within the state. METHODS The de-identified data were provided by the Western Australian Cancer Registry, as oral cancer is a notifiable condition in Australia. RESULTS There were a total of 2801 cases reported with pharynx, tongue, major salivary glands and parotid cancers over a 27-year period: 73.2 percent were male and 26.8 percent were female. The age-standardized incidence rate was 67.4 per 100 000 persons per annum for pharyngeal cancer, 54.1 for tongue cancer, 22.2 for parotid gland cancer and 5.5 for major salivary gland cancer. The age-standardized rates for pharyngeal and tongue cancer (but not parotid) were higher in country areas of Western Australia than in the metropolitan areas. The burden of some site-specific oral cancers is continuing to rise. An increasing trend with older age is also consistent throughout the study period. CONCLUSION This study finds that the incidence of oral cancers in Western Australia is not inconsistent with other parts of Australia and fundamentally shows there is a rural-urban difference for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Abdelhafied Derbi
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Estie Kruger
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Ariyawardana A, Johnson NW. Trends of lip, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Australia 1982-2008: overall good news but with rising rates in the oropharynx. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:333. [PMID: 23829309 PMCID: PMC3716721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable global variation in the incidence of lip, of oral cavity and of pharyngeal cancers exists. Whilst this reflects regional or population differences in risk, interpretation is uncertain due to heterogeneity of definitions of sites and of sub-sites within this anatomically diverse region. For Australia, limited data on sub-sites have been published. This study examines age-standardised incidence trends and demography from 1982 to 2008, the latest data available. METHODS Numbers of cases within ICD10:C00-C14 were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, recorded by sex, age, and sub-site. Raw data were re-analysed to calculate crude, age-specific and age-standardised incidence using Segi's world-standard population. Time-trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Lip, Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal (excluding nasopharynx) cancers, considered together, show a biphasic trend: in men rising 0.9% pa from 1982 to 1992, and declining 1.6% pa between 1992 and 2008. For females: rises of 2.0% pa 1982-1997; declines of 2.8% pa 1997-2008. Lip cancer is declining especially significantly. When the Oropharynx is considered separately, steadily increasing trends of 1.2% pa for men and 0.8% pa for women were observed from 1982 to 2008. CONCLUSIONS Although overall rates of lip/oral/oropharyngeal cancer are declining in Australia, these are still high. This study revealed steady increases in cancers of the oropharynx, beginning in the late 1990s. Continued efforts to reduce the burden of these cancers are needed, focused on reduction of the traditional risk factors of alcohol and tobacco, and with special emphasis on the possible role of human papillomavirus and sexual hygiene for cancers of the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura Ariyawardana
- Population and Social Health Research Programme (Population Oral Health Group), Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips represent one of the most important parts of the facial complex because of a large number and variety of injuries that may be related to this anatomic site such as inflammatory processes and benign and malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to describe the pathologic features of the lip lesions seen in a Brazilian outpatient service. METHODS Data from 6231 samples of oral biopsies were retrieved from the files of 5 anatomic pathology services in Fortaleza, Brazil. After data have been collected, the lesions were separated in 3 groups: G1 (nonmalignant dysplastic lesions/malignant tumors), G2 (benign neoplasms), and G3 (reactive/inflammatory lesions). RESULTS Analysis of the specimens for which an oral biopsy was performed yielded 1034 cases (16.6%) diagnosed on lip during the study period. From this total, 514 cases were in females and 520 were in males. Ages ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a global average of 40.1 years. The peak incidence of lip lesions in this study occurred in the fifth decade of life. The most common lesion in each group was squamous cell carcinoma (G1), hemangioma (G2), and mucocele (G3). Lower lip was the most affected region (65.9%). CONCLUSIONS The largest number of cases represented nonmalignant conditions, which occurred mostly in the lower lip. In addition, malignancies increased significantly with the increase in age. Further studies are necessary for a better worldwide epidemiologic understanding about lip diseases.
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Martins-Filho PRS, Da Silva LCF, Piva MR. The prevalence of actinic cheilitis in farmers in a semi-arid northeastern region of Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2012; 50:1109-14. [PMID: 22126872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder of the lip caused by chronic exposure to solar radiation. Despite being a relatively common lesion in tropical countries, the data related to AC prevalence in Brazil are sparse, particularly in regions with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. OBJECTIVE To estimate AC prevalence among farmers in a semiarid northeastern Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study was carried out involving a representative sample (n = 240) of the farm workers. Sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS AC prevalence was 16.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0% to 21.4%]. The disease was more prevalent in males [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.52-4.90], fair-skinned farmers (PR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.00-4.30), age over 50 years (PR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.40-6.04), daily exposure time more than eight hours (PR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.03-3.27), and among smokers/ex-smokers (PR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.22-3.87). Mantel-Haenszel test showed a positive relationship between cumulative exposure time and development of AC (P < 0.001). Two cases were diagnosed as microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that farmers in this semiarid area have a high risk of lip cancer and indicate the need for health public programs in the early detection of AC and education to teach the population about precautions to be taken during sun exposure.
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Jadotte YT, Schwartz RA. Solar cheilosis: An ominous precursor. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66:173-84; quiz 185-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abreu LP, Kruger E, Tennant M. Oral cancer in Western Australia, 1982-2006: a retrospective epidemiological study. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:376-81. [PMID: 20537054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report differences and trends in oral cancer incidence by gender, age, indigenous status and area of residence and on mortality in Western Australia. METHODS Data were provided by Western Australian Cancer Registry. Oral cancer definition included ICD-O-3 codes C00C08. Age-specific, direct age-standardized rates and mortality:incidence ratios were computed with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The incidence and death rates of oral cancer accounted for 2.3% and 1.3% of all cancers respectively. Over 25 years, the male:female incidence ratio was 2.4:1. Eighty-eight percent of new cases were over the age of 40, peaking in the sixth decade of life. The incidence rates were 14.6 and 6.2 per 100,000 per annum in men and women respectively. Over 17 years, standardized mortality rates were less than 1 per 100,000 per year, with double the deaths in men. Mortality:incidence ratios for oral cancer were between 0.4 and 0.6 with the exception of lip. CONCLUSIONS Cancer registries are the only reliable source of data for epidemiologic surveillance of cancer incidence and mortality. Results from this study are comparable with studies on oral cancer in Australia and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Paul Abreu
- Centre for Rural and Remote Oral Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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