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Andersen SH, Richmond-Rakerd LS, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. The causal effect of mental health on labor market outcomes: The case of stress-related mental disorders following a human-made disaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316423121. [PMID: 38923986 PMCID: PMC11228458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316423121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As disasters increase due to climate change, population density, epidemics, and technology, information is needed about postdisaster consequences for people's mental health and how stress-related mental disorders affect multiple spheres of life, including labor-market attachment. We tested the causal hypothesis that individuals who developed stress-related mental disorders as a consequence of their disaster exposure experienced subsequent weak labor-market attachment and poor work-related outcomes. We leveraged a natural experiment in an instrumental variables model, studying a 2004 fireworks factory explosion disaster that precipitated the onset of stress-related disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression) among individuals in the local community (N = 86,726). We measured labor-market outcomes using longitudinal population-level administrative data: sick leave, unemployment benefits, early retirement pension, and income from wages from 2007 to 2010. We found that individuals who developed a stress-related disorder after the disaster were likely to go on sickness benefit, both in the short- and long-term, were likely to use unemployment benefits and to lose wage income in the long term. Stress-related disorders did not increase the likelihood of early retirement. The natural experiment design minimized the possibility that omitted confounders biased these effects of mental health on work outcomes. Addressing the mental health and employment needs of survivors after a traumatic experience may improve their labor-market outcomes and their nations' economic outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Promenta Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Promenta Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
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Abba-Aji M, Abdalla SM, Moreland A, Rancher C, Kilpatrick DG, Galea S. Prevalence and risk factors of depression in U.S. adults post mass shootings: evidence from population-based surveys of multiple communities. Public Health 2024; 232:93-99. [PMID: 38759473 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mass violence incidents (MVIs) involving firearms, commonly referred to as "mass shootings" have become increasingly frequent in the United States. These shootings often result in immediate casualties and have far-reaching psychological impacts on survivors, witnesses, and the broader community. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression within affected communities. STUDY DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were collected from six communities affected by MVIs involving firearms that occurred between 2015 and 2020. Participants were randomly selected through address-based sampling, and depression was assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) diagnostic-level major depressive episode (MDE). RESULTS Overall, the MDE prevalence was 17·2% since the MVI, 15·4% in the past year, and 8·2% in the past month. Significant risk factors for MDE since MVIs include high exposure to the incident (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1·32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19-1·60), being aged 18-29 years (aRR = 2·52, 95% CI: 1·61-3·95), being a woman (aRR = 1·58, 95% CI: 1·27-1·96), having low social support (aRR = 1·80, 95% CI: 1·46-2·22), and experiencing past sexual or physical trauma (aRR = 2·20, 1·52-3·19). CONCLUSION Our study reveals a high burden of depression within communities affected by MVIs involving firearm use. Persons with high exposure to the MVIs and certain demographic groups had greater risks for MDE. These findings highlight the long-term mental health burden in communities affected by MVIs and underscore the necessity of providing mental health services in its aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abba-Aji
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S M Abdalla
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Moreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C Rancher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D G Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Schwartz SJ, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Brown EC, Garcia MF, Scaramutti C, Rodríguez J, Piñeros-Leaño M, Bates MM, Maldonado-Molina MM. After Hurricane Maria: Effects of disaster trauma on Puerto Rican survivors on the U.S. mainland. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2024; 16:861-871. [PMID: 36174152 PMCID: PMC11077626 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In September 2017, Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico. Houses were destroyed, millions of people lost power and access to clean water, and many roads were flooded and blocked. In the years following the storm, hundreds of thousands of people have left Puerto Rico and settled on the U.S. mainland. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of disaster trauma among Puerto Rican adults who moved to the U.S. mainland after Hurricane Maria. METHOD Participants were 319 adult Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. Women comprised 71.2% of the sample. Data were collected between August 2020 and October 2021. Participants completed Spanish-language measures of hurricane-related trauma, perceived ethnic discrimination and negative context of reception on the U.S. mainland, language stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, optimism, life satisfaction, and problem drinking. RESULTS We estimated a structural equation model where hurricane trauma predicted cultural stress, which in turn predicted internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction. Internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction were specified as predictors of problem drinking. Results indicated that hurricane trauma predicted cultural stress. Cultural stress predicted internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction. Internalizing symptoms predicted problem drinking. Hurricane trauma indirectly predicted internalizing symptoms through cultural stress and indirectly predicted problem drinking through cultural stress and internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic experiences from the storm may predispose Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors to perceive cultural stress on the U.S. mainland. In turn, cultural stressors may be associated with internalizing symptoms and alcohol problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa M Bates
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
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Yoshimura H, Sawano T, Murakami M, Uchi Y, Kawashima M, Kitazawa K, Nonaka S, Ito N, Saito H, Abe T, Moriyama N, Sakakibara M, Yagiuchi K, Otsuki M, Hori A, Ozaki A, Yamamoto C, Zhao T, Uchiyama T, Oikawa T, Niwa S, Tsubokura M. Categorization of disaster-related deaths in Minamisoma city after the Fukushima nuclear disaster using clustering analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2946. [PMID: 38316846 PMCID: PMC10844307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The medical situation during disasters often differs from that at usual times. Disasters can lead to significant mortality that can be difficult to monitor. The types of disaster-related deaths are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a survey to categorize the disaster-related deaths caused by a radiation disaster. A total of 520 people living in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, at the time of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, who were certified to have died due to disaster-related causes were surveyed. We divided the participants into those who were at home at the time of the earthquake and those who were in hospitals or facilities when the disaster struck and conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis of the two groups. Disaster-related deaths could be divided into seven groups for those who were at home at the time of the disaster and five groups for those who were in hospitals or facilities at the time of the disaster. Each group showed different characteristics, such as "the group with disabilities," "the group receiving care," and "the group with depression," and it became evident that not only uniform post-disaster support, but support tailored to the characteristics of each group is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuna Uchi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kemmei Kitazawa
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naomi Ito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Abe
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Moriyama
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sakakibara
- Reinstatement Support Center for Nurses, Incorporated Foundation of Tokiwa-Kai, Iwaki, Japan
| | | | - Mako Otsuki
- Department of Nursing, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Arinobu Hori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hori Mental Clinic, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchiyama
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Oikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Shinichi Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
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Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Natural disasters resulting from climate change: The impact of hurricanes and flooding on perinatal outcomes. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151840. [PMID: 37839903 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the earth's climate has been continuously changing over billions of years, human influence has accelerated that rate of change. While high latitudes suffer the greatest increase in incremental temperature, moderate latitudes are highly vulnerable due to their temperate/tropical rain storms and hurricanes that bring about extreme flooding events. We and others have shown that there is a link between the occurrence and severity of these climate events and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the data and consider interacting near and intermediate sequelae of worsening natural disasters-including food scarcity, disrupted or compromised built environments and infrastructure, and loss of communities with human migration. While certainly tackling these and other proximal mediators of adverse perinatal outcomes will benefit maternal and child health, a failure to meaningfully address the root causes of climate change and resultant environmental chemical exposures will be of little long-term benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Civelek Y. The effect of hurricanes on mental health over the long term. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101312. [PMID: 37948949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing causal studies examining the impact of hurricanes on health and health-related outcomes typically focus on short-run impacts and specific outcomes associated with physical health. In this paper, I explore the long-term effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the mental health of adults using two individual-level datasets from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics. Difference-in-differences models are used to estimate the long-run causal impact of hurricanes. I compare the mental health of adults living in Katrina and Rita affected counties to those in other counties before and after the hurricanes. My findings suggest that the hurricanes increased the number of poor mental health days by 0.49 days per 30 days (14.5 %) during a seven-year post period (2006-2012) and psychological distress by 0.46 K-6 points (15.2 %) during a six-year post period. I also find that the estimated effects were notably larger among specific sub-groups, such as single mothers and black respondents. These results are robust to different sample and functional form specifications. From a policy perspective, these findings suggest that long-lasting effects need to be included in any analysis of the impact of hurricanes in order to capture their full effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Civelek
- Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Pham NK, Do M, Diep J. Social support and community embeddedness protect against post-disaster depression among immigrants: a Vietnamese American case study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1075678. [PMID: 37720904 PMCID: PMC10501809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1075678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immigrants often face increased vulnerabilities to disaster-related poor health and recovery, compared to mainstream populations. Little is known about Hurricane Harvey's impacts among the storm affected area's large Vietnamese American population. Our study documented diverse psychological experiences and recovery challenges 1 year post-storm among a sample of 120 Vietnamese Americans residing in the Houston, Texas area. Using linear regression modeling, we examined the association between social support and depressive symptom development among these storm-affected Vietnamese Americans. Social support encapsulating both social embeddedness and perceived support was measured by the Louisville Social Support Scale and depressive symptom development was measured by 18 items that assessed emotional distress. These items included loss of appetite, loss of concentration, exposure to persistent pain, and the exhibition of hopelessness, tiredness, sadness, frustration, discouragement, desperation, exhaustion, disgraced, anger, and craziness. We found adverse post-disaster health outcomes, as well as potential avenues to mitigate them, that should be taken into consideration in the design and implementation of inclusive disaster programs. A high level of social support lowered depressive symptomology among Vietnamese Americans post-Hurricane Harvey, even when accounting for Hurricane Harvey-related home damages and injuries/illness. The negative association between social support and depressive symptom development remained after accounting for both post-storm self-rated mental and physical health. Our results suggested that public health practitioners and emergency management entities should prioritize social support resources to foster mental well-being after hurricanes among Vietnamese Americans as future hurricanes are expected to be stronger and more prevalent along the United States Gulf Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- NhuNgoc K. Pham
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mai Do
- Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Li A, Toll M, Bentley R. Health and housing consequences of climate-related disasters: a matched case-control study using population-based longitudinal data in Australia. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e490-e500. [PMID: 37286246 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the role of how people are housed in reducing the long-term health and housing effects of climate-related disasters is crucial given our changing climate. We examine long-term health and housing trajectories and health effects of climate-related disasters in relation to housing vulnerabilities over a decade. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study using longitudinal population-based data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. We included data from people whose homes had been damaged by climate-related disasters (eg, flood, bushfire, or cyclone) between 2009 and 2019 and matched control cohorts with similar sociodemographic profiles who had not been exposed to disaster-related home damage during this period. We included data from de-identified individuals with at least 1 year of data before disaster and 3 years after disaster. One-to-one nearest neighbour matching was performed on the basis of demographic, socioeconomic, housing, health, neighbourhood, location, and climate characteristics 1 year before disaster. Conditional fixed-effects models for matched case-control groups were used to assess health trajectories, using eight quality-of-life domains on mental, emotional, social, and physical wellbeing, and housing trajectories, using three housing aspects of cost (ie, housing affordability and fuel poverty), security (ie, residential stability and tenure security), and condition (ie, housing quality and suitability). FINDINGS Exposure to home damage from climate-related disasters had significant negative effects on people's health and wellbeing at disaster year (difference between exposure and control groups in mental health score was -2·03, 95% CI -3·28 to -0·78; in social functioning score was -3·95, -5·57 to -2·33; and in emotional wellbeing score was -4·62, -7·06 to -2·18), with some effects lasting for 1-2 years after disaster. These effects were more severe for people who had housing affordability stress or were living in poor quality housing before the disaster. People in the exposure group had a slight increase in housing and fuel payment arrears following disasters. Homeowners had increased housing affordability stress (1 year after disaster: 0·29, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·57; 2 years after disaster: 0·25, 0·01 to 0·50), renters had a higher prevalence of acute residential instability (disaster year: 0·27, 0·08 to 0·47), and people who were exposed to disaster-related home damage had a higher prevalence of forced moves than did the control group (disaster year: 0·29, 0·14 to 0·45). INTERPRETATION Findings support the need for recovery planning and resilience building to consider housing affordability, tenure security, and housing condition. Interventions might require divergent strategies for populations in different precarious housing circumstances, and policies should target long-term housing support services for highly vulnerable groups. FUNDING The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, University of Melbourne Affordable Housing Hallmark Research Initiative Seed Funding, Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, and Lord Mayor's Charitable Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mathew Toll
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Burrows K, Anderson GB, Yan M, Wilson A, Sabath MB, Son JY, Kim H, Dominici F, Bell ML. Health disparities among older adults following tropical cyclone exposure in Florida. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2221. [PMID: 37076480 PMCID: PMC10115860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose a significant threat to human health, and research is needed to identify high-risk subpopulations. We investigated whether hospitalization risks from TCs in Florida (FL), United States, varied across individuals and communities. We modeled the associations between all storms in FL from 1999 to 2016 and over 3.5 million Medicare hospitalizations for respiratory (RD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We estimated the relative risk (RR), comparing hospitalizations during TC-periods (2 days before to 7 days after) to matched non-TC-periods. We then separately modeled the associations in relation to individual and community characteristics. TCs were associated with elevated risk of RD hospitalizations (RR: 4.37, 95% CI: 3.08, 6.19), but not CVD (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.24). There was limited evidence of modification by individual characteristics (age, sex, or Medicaid eligibility); however, risks were elevated in communities with higher poverty or lower homeownership (for CVD hospitalizations) and in denser or more urban communities (for RD hospitalizations). More research is needed to understand the potential mechanisms and causal pathways that might account for the observed differences in the association between tropical cyclones and hospitalizations across communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Burrows
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - G B Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Yan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - A Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M B Sabath
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Y Son
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Kim
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, IL, Chicago, USA
| | - F Dominici
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Li A, Toll M, Martino E, Wiesel I, Botha F, Bentley R. Vulnerability and recovery: Long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115681. [PMID: 36731303 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather and climate-related disaster events are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. People are not equally vulnerable to the adversity, experiencing varied patterns of long-term health trajectories in recovery depending on their vulnerabilities, capacities, and resiliencies. This study aims to identify latent mental and physical health trajectories and their associations with person- and place-based pre-disaster predictors. Using an Australian, population-based, longitudinal dataset spanning 2009-19, group-based multi-trajectory modelling was applied to identify the distinct mental, social, emotional, and physical health trajectories of people who had experienced damage to their home following a climate-related disaster event. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess a series of social vulnerability predictors (demographic, socioeconomic, housing, health, neighbourhood, and geographical) of health patterns. We identified three distinct health trajectories. Most individuals experienced small or minimal health impacts at the time of the disaster year followed by a fast recovery. However, one-fifth of the exposed population were severely affected during and post disaster. This cohort had the worst mental and physical health prior to the disaster and experienced the largest decreases in mental and physical health and the lowest recoveries. Pre-existing mental and physical conditions were the most substantial risk factors, increasing the probability of experiencing high impact and slow recovery by 61% for mental health and 51% for physical health. In addition, vulnerability in the form of housing affordability stress, lower household income, and lack of community attachment, participation and safety were also significant independent risk factors for ongoing post-disaster health problems. Critically, people's mental and physical health recovery is dependent on pre-disaster vulnerabilities in health, resource access, and capacities. These findings could assist policymakers and health practitioners to more effectively target people most at risk and design prevention and response strategies to prevent the exacerbation of poor health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, Australia.
| | - Mathew Toll
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, Australia
| | - Erika Martino
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilan Wiesel
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, Australia
| | - Ferdi Botha
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, Australia
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Woźniak-Prus M, Gambin M, Sękowski M, Cudo A, Pisula E, Kiepura-Nawrocka E, Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz J, Kmita G. Positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland: The role of emotion regulation, empathy, parenting self-efficacy, and social support. FAMILY PROCESS 2023:e12856. [PMID: 36724769 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak being largely negative on parents and children, for some families, lockdown could also bring about some positive effects, for example, increased emotional closeness, and more time for joint activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate cross-sectionally the most important correlates of the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship among Polish mothers and fathers during the lockdown in the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. In May 2020, 228 mothers and 231 fathers completed the Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Social Support Scale, Parenting Self-Agency Measure, and Scale of Positive Experiences in Parent-Child Relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. Our results showed that parenting self-efficacy and social support were the strongest correlates of positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in both mothers and fathers during the lockdown. Perspective-taking was positively related to the positive experiences in mothers, whereas personal distress was positively associated with the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in fathers. Our results point to factors of potential importance in designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for mothers and fathers to enhance positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Sękowski
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cudo
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pisula
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Grażyna Kmita
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Lengua LJ, Thompson SF, Kim SG, Rosen ML, Rodman A, Kasparek S, Mayes M, Zalewski M, Meltzoff A, McLaughlin KA. Maternal mental health mediates the effects of pandemic-related stressors on adolescent psychopathology during COVID-19. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1544-1552. [PMID: 35318671 PMCID: PMC9115007 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether COVID-19-related maternal mental health changes contributed to changes in adolescent psychopathology. METHODS A community sample of 226 adolescents (12 years old before COVID-19) and their mothers were asked to complete COVID-19 surveys early in the pandemic (April-May 2020, adolescents 14 years) and approximately 6 months later (November 2020-January 2021). Surveys assessed pandemic-related stressors (health, financial, social, school, environment) and mental health. RESULTS Lower pre-pandemic family income-to-needs ratio was associated with higher pre-pandemic maternal mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression) and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and with experiencing more pandemic-related stressors. Pandemic-related stressors predicted increases in maternal mental health symptoms, but not adolescent symptoms when other variables were covaried. Higher maternal mental health symptoms predicted concurrent increases in adolescent internalizing and externalizing. Maternal mental health mediated the effects of pre-pandemic income and pandemic-related stressors on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that adolescent mental health is closely tied to maternal mental health during community-level stressors such as COVID-19, and that pre-existing family economic context and adolescent symptoms increase risk for elevations in symptoms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana J Lengua
- Psychology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Makeda Mayes
- Psychology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Meltzoff
- Psychology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Grooms J, Ortega A, Rubalcaba JAA, Vargas E. Racial and Ethnic Disparities: Essential Workers, Mental Health, and the Coronavirus Pandemic. THE REVIEW OF BLACK POLITICAL ECONOMY 2022; 49:363-380. [PMID: 36471776 PMCID: PMC9535460 DOI: 10.1177/00346446211034226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging of the pandemic disproportionately impacting communities of color. This study investigates mental health distress among essential workers during the coronavirus pandemic across race and ethnicity. We evaluate individual responses to the patient health questionnaire and general anxiety disorder questionnaire using a unique, nationally representative data set. Our findings suggest that essential healthcare workers reported the highest rates of mental health distress at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. However, when evaluated across race and ethnicity, we find that Black essential healthcare workers disproportionately report symptoms of anxiety; while, Hispanic essential healthcare workers disproportionately report symptoms of depression. Additionally, we find that being a Black or Hispanic essential nonhealthcare worker is associated with higher levels of distress related to anxiety and depression. These findings highlight the additional dimensions to which Black and Hispanic Americans may be disproportionately affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, it calls into question how the essential worker classification, compounded by US unemployment policies, is potentially amplifying the mental health distress experienced by workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joaquin A.-A. Rubalcaba
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Joaquin Alfredo-Angel Rubalcaba, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Abernethy Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27515, USA.
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14
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Harasym MC, Raju E, Ayeb-Karlsson S. A global mental health opportunity: How can cultural concepts of distress broaden the construct of immobility? GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE : HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 2022; 77:102594. [PMID: 36407678 PMCID: PMC9651962 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(Im)mobility studies often focus on people on the move, neglecting those who stay, are immobile, or are trapped. The duality of the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis creates a global mental health challenge, impacting the most structurally oppressed, including immobile populations. The construct of immobility is investigated in the context of socio-political variables but lacks examination of the clinical psychological factors that impact immobility. Research is beginning to identify self-reported emotions that immobile populations experience through describing metaphors like feeling trapped. This article identifies links in the literature between Cultural Concepts of Distress drawn from transcultural psychiatry and immobility studies. Feeling trapped is described in mental health research widely. Among (im)mobile people and non-mobility contexts, populations experience various mental health conditions from depression to the cultural syndrome, nervios. The connection of feeling trapped to CCD research lends itself to potential utility in immobility research. The conceptualisation can support broadening and deepening the comprehension of this global mental health challenge - how immobile populations' experience feeling trapped. To broaden the analytical framework of immobility and incorporate CCD, evidence is needed to fill the gaps on the psychological aspects of immobility research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Harasym
- United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Raju
- Global Health Section and Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- African Centre for Disaster Studies, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London (IRDR), University College London (UCL), London, UK
- United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany
- School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer Brighton, UK
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15
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Callender R, Canales JM, Avendano C, Craft E, Ensor KB, Miranda ML. Economic and mental health impacts of multiple adverse events: Hurricane Harvey, other flooding events, and the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114020. [PMID: 35948147 PMCID: PMC9357442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the economic and mental health impacts of COVID-19 in the presence of previous exposure to flooding events. METHODS Starting in April 2018, the Texas Flood Registry (TFR) invited residents to complete an online survey regarding their experiences with Hurricane Harvey and subsequent flooding events. Starting in April 2020, participants nationwide were invited to complete a brief online survey on their experiences during the pandemic. This study includes participants in the TFR (N = 20,754) and the COVID-19 Registry (N = 8568) through October 2020 (joint N = 2929). Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between exposure to flooding events and the economic and mental health impacts of COVID-19. RESULTS Among COVID-19 registrants, 21% experienced moderate to severe anxiety during the pandemic, and 7% and 12% of households had difficulty paying rent and bills, respectively. Approximately 17% of Black and 15% of Hispanic households had difficulty paying rent, compared to 5% of non-Hispanic white households. The odds of COVID-19 income loss are 1.20 (1.02, 1.40) times higher for those who previously had storm-related home damage compared to those who did not and 3.84 (3.25-4.55) times higher for those who experienced Harvey income loss compared to those who did not. For registrants for whom Harvey was a severe impact event, the odds of having more severe anxiety during the pandemic are 5.14 (4.02, 6.58) times higher than among registrants for whom Harvey was a no meaningful impact event. CONCLUSIONS Multiple crises can jointly and cumulatively shape health and wellbeing outcomes. This knowledge can help craft emergency preparation and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Callender
- Children's Environmental Health Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joally M Canales
- Children's Environmental Health Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Avendano
- Children's Environmental Health Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- Children's Environmental Health Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.
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16
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Lawrance EL, Thompson R, Newberry Le Vay J, Page L, Jennings N. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:443-498. [PMID: 36165756 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Converging global evidence highlights the dire consequences of climate change for human mental health and wellbeing. This paper summarises literature across relevant disciplines to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the multiple pathways through which climate change interacts with mental health and wellbeing. Climate change acts as a risk amplifier by disrupting the conditions known to support good mental health, including socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, and living and working conditions. The disruptive influence of rising global temperatures and extreme weather events, such as experiencing a heatwave or water insecurity, compounds existing stressors experienced by individuals and communities. This has deleterious effects on people's mental health and is particularly acute for those groups already disadvantaged within and across countries. Awareness and experiences of escalating climate threats and climate inaction can generate understandable psychological distress; though strong emotional responses can also motivate climate action. We highlight opportunities to support individuals and communities to cope with and act on climate change. Consideration of the multiple and interconnected pathways of climate impacts and their influence on mental health determinants must inform evidence-based interventions. Appropriate action that centres climate justice can reduce the current and future mental health burden, while simultaneously improving the conditions that nurture wellbeing and equality. The presented evidence adds further weight to the need for decisive climate action by decision makers across all scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lawrance
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, UK.,Mental Health Innovations, UK.,Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa Page
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK
| | - Neil Jennings
- Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
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17
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Engelman A, Guzzardo MT, Antolin Muñiz M, Arenas L, Gomez A. Assessing the Emergency Response Role of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) Serving People with Disabilities and Older Adults in Puerto Rico Post-Hurricane María and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042156. [PMID: 35206338 PMCID: PMC8872288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Puerto Rico, a host of factors makes the role of community-based organizations (CBOs) critically important in emergency preparedness and response (EPR) and disability-inclusive disaster risk reduction (DiDRR) addressing the needs of people with disabilities and older adults. The territory has been the site of recurring hurricanes, earthquakes, medical crises, and human-made disasters. Political, social, and economic problems unique to the archipelago have historically limited the preparedness and response capacity of governmental authorities, especially for its most at-risk populations. In a context of severe constraints on government resources, CBOs are positioned to play an outsized role in providing services for disabled and older adults before, during, and after emergencies. This study assesses the emergency preparedness and response capacity of CBOs (n = 22) for addressing the needs of people with disabilities and the elderly. Semi-structured, largely closed-ended interviews were conducted in Spanish with key informants at Puerto Rican CBOs. The interviews included questions about emergency preparedness and response training, as well as organizational capacity during COVID-19 and post-Hurricane María. This study posits that conditions in Puerto Rico place CBOs at the forefront of critical responsibilities including emergency preparedness and response, warranting assessment of their practices and resources to assist them in fulfilling their mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Engelman
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA; (M.A.M.); (L.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana T. Guzzardo
- Department of Human Development and Women’s Studies, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA;
| | - Marley Antolin Muñiz
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA; (M.A.M.); (L.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Laura Arenas
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA; (M.A.M.); (L.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Aracely Gomez
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA; (M.A.M.); (L.A.); (A.G.)
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18
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Martin A, Partika A, Castle S, Horm D, Johnson AD. Both sides of the screen: Predictors of parents' and teachers' depression and food insecurity during COVID-19-related distance learning. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2022; 60:237-249. [PMID: 35153375 PMCID: PMC8825345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strains on both parents and teachers, both of whose mental and financial hardships have serious implications for young children's wellbeing. We drew on an existing cohort study of families with low incomes in Tulsa, OK when children were in their Spring of first grade in 2020. We surveyed parents and teachers - children's caregivers on both sides of the screen during distance learning - before and after the COVID-19 pandemic hit and schools were closed. We first compared the proportion of parents and teachers who were depressed and food-insecure before and after the pandemic struck. We then used pre-pandemic characteristics of parents and teachers in separate models to predict their depression and food insecurity during the pandemic. Results showed that rates of depression among both parents and teachers spiked after COVID-19, and food insecurity rates also increased among parents. For both parents and teachers, the strongest predictor of depression during COVID-19 was having experienced depression before the pandemic. Similarly, the strongest predictor of food insecurity during COVID-19 was having experienced food insecurity beforehand. These results point intervention efforts towards identifying the caregivers of children in low-income contexts whose mental and financial wellbeing are likely to be most compromised during this and perhaps future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Martin
- Independent Consultant, 237 West 11th St., 4A, New York, NY 10014
| | - Anne Partika
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 303 White-Gravenor Hall, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Sherri Castle
- Early Childhood Education Institute, University of Oklahoma - Tulsa, 4502 E. 41st St., Room 4W-123, Tulsa, OK 74135
| | - Diane Horm
- Early Childhood Education Institute, University of Oklahoma - Tulsa, 4502 E. 41st St., Room 4W-123, Tulsa, OK 74135
| | - Anna D Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 303 White-Gravenor Hall, Washington, DC 20057
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19
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Johnson AD, Martin A, Partika A, Phillips DA, Castle S. Chaos during the COVID-19 outbreak: Predictors of household chaos among low-income families during a pandemic. FAMILY RELATIONS 2022; 71:18-28. [PMID: 34898781 PMCID: PMC8653318 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore whether household chaos measured during the COVID-19 pandemic is predicted by prepandemic parental and household characteristics. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered children's home environments and routines due to stay-at-home orders, school closures, and economic shocks. These disruptions have been especially challenging for low-income families who have limited resources and have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Household chaos, which captures routines, organization, stability, noise, and crowding in the home, is a documented threat to parent functioning and positive child development. The pandemic has likely exacerbated household chaos, especially for low-income families. METHOD Data come from a larger, ongoing study of low-income children and their parents in Tulsa, Oklahoma; this analysis relies on data from the subset of low-income parents who responded to surveys when their children were in kindergarten (in 2018-2019) and during the pandemic, when their children were in first grade (n = 335). We use multivariate ordinary least squares regression models to test whether household chaos measured during the pandemic is predicted by prepandemic parental and household characteristics. RESULTS Prepandemic parental depression and household chaos were significantly predictive of chaos during the pandemic, even after accounting for household demographics. IMPLICATIONS The current study highlights pandemic-induced elevations in parental distress and household chaos among low-income families. Results will provide valuable direction to policymakers, educators, and parents on how best to offset negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family functioning and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Johnson
- Department of PsychologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Anne Partika
- Department of PsychologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Deborah A. Phillips
- Department of PsychologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sherri Castle
- Early Childhood Education InstituteUniversity of OklahomaTulsaOklahomaUSA
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20
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Długosz P. Predictors of psychological stress occurring after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1102728. [PMID: 36704739 PMCID: PMC9871767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of research aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress among Poles 7 months after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19. In order to gather the research material, the CAWI on-line survey method was applied and carried out within the framework of the Ariadna Research Panel on the sample of 1,079 Poles aged 15 and over. The results of the conducted research indicate that Polish society experienced psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic. According to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), no mental disorders were observed among 36% of Poles, mild mental disorders were observed among 23% of respondents, average levels of disorders were observed among 18% of respondents, whereas high levels of disorders were observed among 23% of respondents. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of psychological distress. In the first stage, socio-demographic variables explained 13% of the distress variance. In the second stage, the variables measuring social nuisances of the pandemic were introduced, which increased the percentage of the explained stress variance to 24%. In the third stage, the introduced psychological variables increased the percentage of the explained variance to 65%. The main factor which increased stress levels was neuroticism. The conducted analyses have shown that the lack of social, economic and psychological capital significantly increases the susceptibility to distress when a threat to life and health lasts for a prolonged period of time.
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21
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Karam E, Saab D, Al Barathie J, Karam AN, Karam G, Bryant R. Predictors and severity of probable acute stress disorder following the Beirut Port Blast. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2040232. [PMID: 35340788 PMCID: PMC8942494 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Beirut Port Blast on August 4, 2020 is the largest (non-nuclear) explosion on record. St George Hospital University Medical Center (SGHUMC), a leading academic medical centre in Lebanon, adjacent to the Port, sustained a massive loss in lives and infrastructure. OBJECTIVE The current study uses the baseline data of an ongoing longitudinal study to explore the prevalence, severity, and predictors of probable Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) among health workers at SGHUMC following the blast. METHODS In the context of COVID-19 tests administered 9-15 days after the blast, SGHUMC staff were asked to complete a questionnaire that included socio-demographic details, the Beirut Port Exposure Inventory, and the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS). RESULTS A total of 570 health workers participated in the study. The prevalence of probable DSM-5 ASD [95%CI] was 38.34% [31.41; 45.32]. Many specific exposures were related, on a bivariate level, to ASD be it as a probable DSM-5 diagnosis or its severity as measured by the ASDS. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified the highest risk predictors of probable DSM-5 ASD diagnosis to be: being a female, seeing dead or mutilated bodies, death of a close one, and being scared at the time of the explosion. Nurses carried the highest risks of all health workers with a probable DSM-5 ASD prevalence of 51.28%, (OR = 3.72 [95% CI: 2.22; 6.25]). Being scared at the time of the blast was the most single predictor of probable ASD. CONCLUSION Both the prevalence and severity of probable DSM-5 ASD in this sample are higher than most reported in the literature, which may be explained by the severity of the trauma and the ongoing stress in the context of the pandemic. Fear at the time of the explosion was independently the most predictive parameter of probable ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Balamand Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dahlia Saab
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Josleen Al Barathie
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aimee Nasser Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Balamand Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Balamand Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Choi YJ, Won MR, Cho DH. Efficacy of a Community-Based Trauma Recovery Program after a Fire Disaster. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.32604/ijmhp.2022.018017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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23
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Hossain A, Ahmed B, Rahman T, Sammonds P, Zaman S, Benzadid S, Jakariya M. Household food insecurity, income loss, and symptoms of psychological distress among adults following the Cyclone Amphan in coastal Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259098. [PMID: 34727102 PMCID: PMC8562802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyclone Amphan swept into Bangladesh’s southwestern coast at the end of May 2020, wreaking havoc on food security and economic stability, as well as possibly worsening mental health. We studied the prevalence of post-cyclone stressors in adults following the cyclone and its association with symptoms of psychological distress. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a coastal district of Bangladesh. A five-item brief symptom rating scale was used to measure the symptoms of psychological distress. Household food insecurity was measured using the USAID Household Food Insecurity Access Scale questionnaire. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using robust log-linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 478 adults (mean [SD] age, 37.0[12.6] years; 169[35.4%] women) participated in the study. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms and suicidal ideation was 55.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Following the cyclone, 40.8% of the adults reported severe food insecurity, and 66% of them reported moderate-to-severe mental health symptoms. Also, 54.4% of women and 33.7% of men reported severe food insecurity in the households. Moreover, 25.5% of respondents reported no income or a significant income loss after the cyclone, and 65.5% of them had moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. Also, 13.8% of respondents reported housing displacement because of severely damaged houses, and 68.2% of them reported moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. The high prevalence of mental health symptoms was found in women (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06–1.82), people with severe food insecurity (aPR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01–2.64), and people who lost jobs or lost a major income source (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02–1.54). Conclusion Following cyclone Amphan, many low-income individuals saw their income drop drastically while others were unemployed and living with severe food insecurity. The result suggests gender inequalities in food-security after the cyclone. Immediate action is needed to ensure household food-security for reducing the burden of mental illness. Rising opportunities of paid-jobs and decreasing income-loss, especially for the poor people, can have a protective impact on psychological distress. However, due to the high prevalence of severe psychological symptoms, long-term mental health services are required among the population of coastal Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Institute, North South University (NSU), Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Management BD Foundation, Sector 6, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Bayes Ahmed
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction (IRDR), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Disaster Science and Management, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taifur Rahman
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Management BD Foundation, Sector 6, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Sammonds
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction (IRDR), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Shamrita Zaman
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction (IRDR), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Shadly Benzadid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Management BD Foundation, Sector 6, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jakariya
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Lieberman-Cribbin W, Gillezeau C, Schwartz RM, Taioli E. Unequal social vulnerability to Hurricane Sandy flood exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:804-809. [PMID: 32398778 PMCID: PMC9039878 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Disparities exist in post-disaster flooding exposure and vulnerable populations bear a disproportionate impact of this exposure. We describe the unequal burden of flooding in a cohort of New York residents following Hurricane Sandy and assess whether the likelihood of flooding was distributed equally according to socioeconomic demographics, and whether this likelihood differed when analyzing self-reported or FEMA flood exposure measures. Residents of New York City and Long Island completed a self-administered survey 1.5-4.0 years after the storm. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and flood exposure. Participants (n = 1231) residing in areas of the lowest two quartiles of median household income experienced flooding the most often (FEMA/self-reported: <$40,298: 65.3%/42.0%, $40,298-$67,188: 43.3%/32.1%), and these areas contained the highest proportions of non-White participants (<$40,298: 39.1%, $40,298-$67,188: 36.6%) and those with ≤high school education (<$40,298: 35.5%, $40,298-$67,188: 33.6%). Both self-report (p < 0.05) and FEMA (p < 0.05) flood measures indicated that older participants were more likely to live in a household exposed to flooding, while those living in higher-income areas had decreased likelihood of flooding (p < 0.0001). Socioeconomic and age disparities were present in exposure to flooding during Hurricane Sandy. Future disaster preparedness responses must understand flooding from an environmental justice perspective to create effective strategies that minimize disproportionate exposure and its adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christina Gillezeau
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Great Neck, NY, 11021, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Abstract
This paper focuses on climate anxiety and its role in the psychology of climate change, compared with responses to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Four psychological hypotheses for why we do not act on climate change will be reviewed, and the role of anxiety for each, as well as potential solutions. Different types of climate anxiety both inside and outside the clinic will be explored, along with associated defence mechanisms and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dodds
- Psychology Faculty, University of New York in Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Cerna-Turoff I, Fischer HT, Mansourian H, Mayhew S. The pathways between natural disasters and violence against children: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1249. [PMID: 34247619 PMCID: PMC8273959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural disasters are increasingly affecting a larger segment of the world’s population. These highly disruptive events have the potential to produce negative changes in social dynamics and the environment which increase violence against children. We do not currently have a comprehensive understanding of how natural disasters lead to violence against children despite the growing threat to human populations and the importance of violence as a public health issue. The mapping of pathways to violence is critical in designing targeted and evidence-based prevention services for children. We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles and grey literature to document the pathways between natural disasters and violence against children and to suggest how this information could be used in the design of future programming. Methods We searched 15 bibliographic databases and six grey literature repositories from the earliest date of publication to May 16, 2018. In addition, we solicited grey literature from humanitarian agencies globally that implement child-focused programming after natural disasters. Peer-reviewed articles and grey literature that presented original quantitative or qualitative evidence on how natural disasters led to violence against children were included. The authors synthesized the evidence narratively and used thematic analysis with a constant comparative method to articulate pathways to violence. Results We identified 6276 unduplicated publications. Nine peer-reviewed articles and 17 grey literature publications met the inclusion criteria. The literature outlined five pathways between natural disasters and violence, including: (i) environmentally induced changes in supervision, accompaniment, and child separation; (ii) transgression of social norms in post-disaster behavior; (iii) economic stress; (iv) negative coping with stress; and (v) insecure shelter and living conditions. Conclusions Service providers would benefit from systematic documentation to a high-quality standard of all possible pathways to violence in tailoring programming after natural disasters. The identified pathways in this review provide a foundation for designing targeted prevention services. In addition, the positive coping strategies within certain affected families and communities can be leveraged in implementing strength-based approaches to violence prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11252-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Cerna-Turoff
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Hani Mansourian
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Susannah Mayhew
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bountress KE, Cusack SE, Conley AH, Aggen SH, Vassileva J, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. Unpacking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: identifying structural domains. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1932296. [PMID: 34221252 PMCID: PMC8231405 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1932296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a collective crisis that imposed an abrupt and unprecedented impact on college students, as universities were closed with little warning. Paired with the challenges associated with physical distancing (e.g. economic stress, job loss, food insecurity, housing challenges) and the simultaneous need to balance continued and new academic demands, impact will be wide-ranging. It is critical to determine the structure of the impact of this heterogeneous stressor (e.g. health concerns, pandemic worry, financial concerns) for prevention and intervention planning. Objective: Through an existing recruitment pipeline we were in a unique position to study the wide-ranging reach of this pandemic in a cohort of students for whom their university experiences were like no other cohort in history. Method: Data were collected from students who were in their third year of college during the onset of the pandemic; of the N = 1,899 in the cohort who were invited to participate in this COVID-related survey, 897 (47.2%) completed measures of impact between May and July of 2020. Results: A series of confirmatory and exploratory models were fit to examine the structure of the pandemic-related domains. Following estimation of a single-factor model, a correlated five factors model, as well as two second-order factor structures, the five correlated factors (exposure, worry, housing/food instability, social media, substance use) model was found to represent the data most appropriately, while producing an interpretable solution. Conclusions: These measurement model analyses set the stage for future research to examine how these correlated factors impact psychiatric, substance, and academic outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shannon E Cusack
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Abigail H Conley
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Thoma MV, Rohleder N, Rohner SL. Clinical Ecopsychology: The Mental Health Impacts and Underlying Pathways of the Climate and Environmental Crisis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:675936. [PMID: 34093283 PMCID: PMC8175799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Humankind is confronted with progressing climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and/or destruction of the air, soil, water, and ecosystems. The climate and environmental crisis is probably one of the greatest challenges in the history of humankind. It not only poses a serious current and continuing threat to physical health, but is also an existing and growing hazard to the mental health of millions of people worldwide. This synergy of literature provides a current summary of the adverse mental health impacts of the climate and environmental crisis from the perspective of Clinical Psychology. Furthermore, it presents potential underlying processes, including biological, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social pathways. The existing data suggest that the climate and environmental crisis not only acts as a direct stressor, but can also exert a detrimental impact on the various pathways, with the potential to amplify an individual's biopsychosocial vulnerability to develop mental ill-health. This is a call for an increased investigation into this emerging research field of Clinical Ecopsychology by clinical psychologists and other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam V. Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Health Psychology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Lieberman-Cribbin W, Liu B, Sheffield P, Schwartz R, Taioli E. Socioeconomic disparities in incidents at toxic sites during Hurricane Harvey. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:454-460. [PMID: 33875771 PMCID: PMC8992005 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hurricane Harvey facilitated exposure to various toxic substances and floodwater throughout the greater Houston metropolitan area. Although disparities exist in this exposure and vulnerable populations can bear a disproportionate impact, no research has integrated disparities in exposure to toxic incidents following Hurricane Harvey. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between flooding, socioeconomic status (SES), and toxic site incidents. METHODS Data on toxic site locations, reported releases, and flood water depths during Hurricane Harvey in the greater Houston area were compiled from multiple sources. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the odds of a toxic site release by flooding at the site, SES and racial composition of the census tract. RESULTS 83 out of 1403 toxic sites (5.9%) had reported releases during Hurricane Harvey. The proportion of toxic sites with reported incidents across increasing SES index quintiles were 8.35, 7.67, 5.14, 4.55, and 0.51, respectively. The odds of an incident were lower in the highest SES quintile areas (ORadj = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42) compared to the lowest SES quintile. Flooding was similar at toxic sites with and without incidents, and was distributed similarly and highest at toxic sites located in lower SES quintiles. SIGNIFICANCE Despite similar flooding across toxic sites during Hurricane Harvey, areas with lower SES were more likely to have a toxic release during the storm, after accounting for number of toxic sites. Improving quality of maintenance, safety protocols, number of storm-resilient facilities may minimize this disproportionate exposure and its subsequent adverse outcomes among socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Perry Sheffield
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schwartz
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Great Neck, NY, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Repeated exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms likely impacts the mental and physical health of populations living along the U.S. Gulf Coast. In this study, the self-rated physical and mental health of residents in the U.S. Gulf Coast was estimated and factors associated with differences in self-rated health were identified. The 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was administered online to a sample of 3030 residents of the U.S. Gulf Coast in December 2017. Responses were scored to calculate mental component summary scores and physical component summary scores. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to identify predictors of self-rated health among the residents. Residents of U.S. Gulf Coast States have poorer self-rated physical and mental health compared to the U.S. population. Women and respondents reporting higher perception of flood risk had worse self-rated mental health, while hurricane evacuees, adults of at least 25 years of age, those with self-reported hurricane damage, and respondents reporting higher perception of surge risk had worse self-rated physical health. Residents of U.S. Gulf Coast States have poorer self-rated health compared to national standards. These findings may have practical implications for hurricane-associated physical and mental health services planning and delivery.
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31
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Compounding Effects of Social Vulnerability and Recurring Natural Disasters on Mental and Physical Health. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1013-1021. [PMID: 33757617 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relationships between the occurrence of recent and recurring natural disasters on the incidence of acute and chronic health outcomes at the census tract level in 500 cities across the United States between 2001 and 2015. METHODS Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 500 cities data set, the CDC Social Vulnerability Index, and the US Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Loan Database, we modeled the incidence of self-reported, poor mental and physical health, or a clinical diagnosis of high blood pressure or asthma in census tracts (N = 27 204 tracts in 500 cities) that had experienced recent or recurring natural disasters while controlling for social and environmental risk factors. RESULTS Communities that experienced a natural disaster in the previous 5 years compared to those that had not had a higher incidence of poor mental health (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02), poor physical health (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), high blood pressure (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05), and asthma (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). The incidence of these poor health outcomes increased 1-2% with each additional year that a community experienced a disaster. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and preparedness plans that work to build resilience in communities before disasters should focus on closing the gap in environmental and social determinants that have been linked with disproportionate health burdens and slow recovery post-disaster.
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Travia KR, Kahkoska AR, Igudesman D, Souris KJ, Beasley C, Mayer-Davis EJ. Impact of Hurricane Matthew on Diabetes Self-Management and Outcomes. N C Med J 2021; 82:100-107. [PMID: 33649123 DOI: 10.18043/ncm.82.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes require extensive self-management. Little is known about how Hurricane Matthew (Matthew) or Hurricane Florence (Florence) impacted diabetes self-management and outcomes in Robeson County, North Carolina. METHODS Mixed methods were used to assess the impact of hurricanes on diabetes self-management and outcomes. Individuals with diabetes were recruited for focus groups to understand the perceived impact on diabetes self-management. Health care providers were recruited for parallel key informant interviews. Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) from hospital data six months before and after Matthew were compared using Student t-tests. RESULTS A demographic breakdown of 34.25% white, 21.70% Black or African American, and 21.38% American Indian or Alaska Native was observed from focus groups. Qualitative results highlight a limited access to a balanced diet and medications. No significant differences were found between mean HbA1c values before and after Matthew (before Matthew: mean HbA1c 8.34 ± 1.87%; after Matthew: mean HbA1c 8.31 ± 1.93 %; P = .366). The period prevalence (PP) of DKA was higher after Matthew than before (before Matthew: 39 cases out of 4,025 visits, PP = .010; after Matthew: 87 cases out of 3,779 visits, PP = .023; P <.0001). LIMITATIONS Limitations include non-random sampling and limited sample sizes. Also, the cross-sectional panel approach did not follow the same individuals over time. CONCLUSIONS The period prevalence of DKA was higher in the six-month time period following Matthew compared to before the hurricane. Future interventions may improve outcomes via increased access to foods and medications recommended for those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Travia
- Clinical research assistant, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daria Igudesman
- Doctoral student, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katherine J Souris
- Clinical research assistant, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cherry Beasley
- Distinguished professor of nursing, Department of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Distinguished professor of Nutrition and Medicine, chair, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Vos SR, Clark‐Ginsberg A, Puente‐Duran S, Salas‐Wright CP, Duque MC, Herrera IC, Maldonado‐Molina MM, Castillo MN, Lee TK, Garcia MF, Fernandez CA, Hanson M, Scaramutti C, Schwartz SJ. The family crisis migration stress framework: A framework to understand the mental health effects of crisis migration on children and families caused by disasters. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:41-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cad.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia R. Vos
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria C. Duque
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Ivonne Calderón Herrera
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Melissa N. Castillo
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Garcia
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Cristina A. Fernandez
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Marissa Hanson
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Carolina Scaramutti
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, College of Education University of Texas at Austin Texas USA
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Gonçalves de Andrade E, Šimončičová E, Carrier M, Vecchiarelli HA, Robert MÈ, Tremblay MÈ. Microglia Fighting for Neurological and Mental Health: On the Central Nervous System Frontline of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:647378. [PMID: 33737867 PMCID: PMC7961561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.647378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is marked by cardio-respiratory alterations, with increasing reports also indicating neurological and psychiatric symptoms in infected individuals. During COVID-19 pathology, the central nervous system (CNS) is possibly affected by direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion, exaggerated systemic inflammatory responses, or hypoxia. Psychosocial stress imposed by the pandemic further affects the CNS of COVID-19 patients, but also the non-infected population, potentially contributing to the emergence or exacerbation of various neurological or mental health disorders. Microglia are central players of the CNS homeostasis maintenance and inflammatory response that exert their crucial functions in coordination with other CNS cells. During homeostatic challenges to the brain parenchyma, microglia modify their density, morphology, and molecular signature, resulting in the adjustment of their functions. In this review, we discuss how microglia may be involved in the neuroprotective and neurotoxic responses against CNS insults deriving from COVID-19. We examine how these responses may explain, at least partially, the neurological and psychiatric manifestations reported in COVID-19 patients and the general population. Furthermore, we consider how microglia might contribute to increased CNS vulnerability in certain groups, such as aged individuals and people with pre-existing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Šimončičová
- Division of Medical Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Ève Robert
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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35
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Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress a month after 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:670-677. [PMID: 33583466 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Identification of disaster victims with mental health problems may be useful, but information within a short period after a disaster is scarce in developing countries. This study examined anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms at 1 month following 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. METHOD Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were assessed by the Primary care PTSD screen for DSM 5 (PC-PTSD-5), anxiety symptoms by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The survey included participants' disaster experience e.g., evacuation, fear of death, injury, death in family, damage to house, difficulty for food, displacement, and effect on livelihood. RESULTS Proportion of sample (n = 80) with probable PTSD was 42.9%, with severe anxiety was 36.7%, moderately severe depression was 16.5%, and severe depression was 3.8%. Suicidal cognitions were reported to increase by 14%. Comorbidity was common; with significant (P < 0.01) correlation between PTSS and anxiety (r = 0.69), depression (r = 0.596), and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.63). Damage of house and displacement were associated significantly with PTSD; evacuation and displacement with moderate and severe depression; and displacement with severe anxiety. No specific demographic factors were significantly linked to the psychiatric morbidities. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of victims had psychiatric morbidities at 1 month. Associated risk factors included housing damages, evacuation, and displacement, suggesting the need to improve the disaster-management process.
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36
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Oishi S, Cha Y, Schimmack U. The Social Ecology of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in New York City: The Role of Walkability, Wealth, and Race. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550620979259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present research examined the zip code level (177 zip codes) prevalence of and deaths associated with COVID-19 in New York City as of May 22, 2020. Walkable zip codes had consistently lower prevalence of ( r = −.49) and deaths ( r = −.15) associated with COVID-19. The mediation analysis showed that the degree of reduction in actual geographical mobility during the lockdown (measured by smartphone GIS data) accounted for geographical variations in the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Residents in wealthy zip codes and walkable zip codes were able to limit geographical mobility, whereas residents in poor zip codes and Black and Hispanic dominant zip codes were not. Finally, the spatial lag regression analysis showed that walkability was a robust predictor of zip code–level prevalence of and deaths associated with COVID-19. Overall, walkability seems to have provided protection against the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youngjae Cha
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Schimmack
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Given both the increased prevalence of natural disasters in recent years and the crippling opioid epidemic, identifying at-risk groups for substance abuse post-disaster is imperative to survivor mental health. The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to Hurricane Sandy and risk of opioid abusive behavior. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from two cross-sectional studies that examined the impact of Hurricane Sandy on mental health from October 2013- August 2016. Patient demographics, hurricane exposure and mental health history were obtained via self-report questionnaires. Opioid abuse risk was determined and categorized using adaptations from the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between hurricane exposure and opioid abuse risk. RESULTS Data was available on 1,687 Hurricane Sandy survivors, the majority being female (59.3%), white (52.0%) and an average age of 46.1 years (std. 19.2). Approximately 9.0% of survivors were classified as being 'High' risk for opioid abuse. For every increase in total exposure reported, the odds of being classified as high risk was 1.09 greater (95% CI 1.05, 1.14) compared to low risk, after adjusting for covariates. Among personal exposures only (i.e. injury to self or family member), for every increase in reported exposure the adjusted odds of being classified as high risk was 1.25 times greater (95% CI 1.15, 1.37) compared to low risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exposure to a natural disaster, specifically personal exposures, are associated with increased risk for opioid abusive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McCann-Pineo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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38
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Moore A, van Loenhout JAF, de Almeida MM, Smith P, Guha-Sapir D. Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1783957. [PMID: 32657249 PMCID: PMC7480646 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1783957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of disasters and conflicts are widespread and heavily studied. While attention to disasters’ impacts on mental health is growing, mental health effects are not well understood due to inconsistencies in measurement. Objective The purpose of this study is to review mental health assessment tools and their use in populations affected by disasters and conflicts. Method Tools that assess posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, and general mental health were examined. This review began with a search for assessment tools in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Next, validation studies for the tools were obtained through snowball sampling. A final search was conducted for scientific studies using the selected tools in humanitarian settings to collect the data for analysis. The benefits and limitations described for each tool were compiled into a complete table. Results Twelve assessment tools were included, with 88 studies using them. The primary findings indicate that half of the studies used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The most common limitation discussed is that self-report tools inaccurately estimate the prevalence of mental health problems. This inaccuracy is further exacerbated by a lack of cultural appropriateness of the tools, as many are developed for Western contexts. Conclusion It is recommended that researchers and humanitarian workers reflect on the effectiveness of the mental health assessment tool they use to accurately represent the populations under study in emergency settings. In addition, mental health assessment should be coupled with action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Moore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joris Adriaan Frank van Loenhout
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Moitinho de Almeida
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Smith
- Institute of Health and Society IRSS, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debarati Guha-Sapir
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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Raker EJ, Arcaya MC, Lowe SR, Zacher M, Rhodes J, Waters MC. Mitigating Health Disparities After Natural Disasters: Lessons From The RISK Project. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 39:2128-2135. [PMID: 33284697 PMCID: PMC8533028 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates the severity of natural disasters, which disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Mitigating disasters' health consequences is critical to promoting health equity, but few studies have isolated the short- and long-term effects of disasters on vulnerable groups. We filled this gap by conducting a fifteen-year (2003-2018) prospective study of low-income, predominantly Black parents who experienced Hurricane Katrina: the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina (RISK) Project. Here we describe this project and synthesize lessons from work that has resulted from it. Our findings can guide policy makers, service providers, and health officials in disaster planning and response. We synthesize them into an organizational schema of five priorities: Primary efforts should be aimed at preventing exposure to trauma through investments in climate resilience and by eliminating impediments to evacuation, health care policies should promote uninterrupted and expanded access to care, social services should integrate and strive to reduce the administrative burden on survivors, programs should aid survivors in forging or strengthening connections to their communities, and policy makers should fund targeted long-term services for highly affected survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Raker
- Ethan J. Raker is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana C Arcaya
- Mariana C. Arcaya is an associate professor of urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Sarah R. Lowe is an assistant professor in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Yale School of Public Health, in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meghan Zacher
- Meghan Zacher is a postdoctoral fellow in the Population Studies and Training Center at Brown University, in Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jean Rhodes
- Jean Rhodes is the Frank L. Boyden Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary C Waters
- Mary C. Waters is the PVK Professor of Arts and Sciences and the John L. Loeb Professor of Sociology at Harvard University
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40
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Li TW, Lee TMC, Goodwin R, Ben-Ezra M, Liang L, Liu H, Hou WK. Social Capital, Income Loss, and Psychobehavioral Responses amid COVID-19: A Population-Based Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8888. [PMID: 33260472 PMCID: PMC7730633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations of perceived social capital and income change since the outbreak with probable depression and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Random digit dialing recruited a population-representative sample of 3011 Hong Kong Chinese aged ≥ 15 years (mean = 44, 55% females) between February 25 and April 29 2020. Respondents reported social capital (perceived interpersonal trust, social harmony, and sense of belonging), income change since the outbreak (loss vs. gain/no change), depressive symptoms, preventive behaviors, and demographics. Controlling for sociodemographics, lack of perceived interpersonal trust was associated with probable depression and avoiding contact with people with respiratory symptoms. Lack of perceived sense of belonging was associated with probable depression and decreased odds of adopting preventive behaviors. Lack of perceived social harmony was associated with probable depression and increased odds of used face masks among respondents with income loss only. Our results suggest that social capital is related to lower risk of depression and to higher chance of used face masks particularly among those experiencing income loss related to COVID-19. Prevention of mental health problems and promotion of effective preventive behaviors could be implemented by focusing on support for those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wai Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Tatia Mei-chun Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | | | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huinan Liu
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Zacher M, Raker EJ, Arcaya MC, Lowe SR, Rhodes J, Waters MC. Physical Health Symptoms and Hurricane Katrina: Individual Trajectories of Development and Recovery More Than a Decade After the Storm. Am J Public Health 2020; 111:127-135. [PMID: 33211584 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine how physical health symptoms developed and resolved in response to Hurricane Katrina.Methods. We used data from a 2003 to 2018 study of young, low-income mothers who were living in New Orleans, Louisiana, when Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005 (n = 276). We fit logistic regressions to model the odds of first reporting or "developing" headaches or migraines, back problems, and digestive problems, and of experiencing remission or "recovery" from previously reported symptoms, across surveys.Results. The prevalence of each symptom increased after Hurricane Katrina, but the odds of developing symptoms shortly before versus after the storm were comparable. The number of traumatic experiences endured during Hurricane Katrina increased the odds of developing back and digestive problems just after the hurricane. Headaches or migraines and back problems that developed shortly after Hurricane Katrina were more likely to resolve than those that developed just before the storm.Conclusions. While traumatic experiences endured in disasters such as Hurricane Katrina appear to prompt the development of new physical symptoms, disaster-induced symptoms may be less likely to persist or become chronic than those emerging for other reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Zacher
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Ethan J Raker
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Mariana C Arcaya
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Jean Rhodes
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Mary C Waters
- Meghan Zacher is with the Population Studies and Training Center and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI. Ethan J. Raker and Mary C. Waters are with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Mariana C. Arcaya is with the Department of Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Sarah R. Lowe is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Jean Rhodes is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
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Deryugina T, Molitor D. Does When You Die Depend on Where You Live? Evidence from Hurricane Katrina. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 2020; 110:3602-3033. [PMID: 34366435 PMCID: PMC8340931 DOI: 10.1257/aer.20181026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We follow Medicare cohorts to estimate Hurricane Katrina's long-run mortality effects on victims initially living in New Orleans. Including the initial shock, the hurricane improved eight-year survival by 2.07 percentage points. Migration to lower-mortality regions explains most of this survival increase. Those migrating to low-versus high-mortality regions look similar at baseline, but their subsequent mortality is 0.83-1.01 percentage points lower per percentage point reduction in local mortality, quantifying causal effects of place on mortality among this population. Migrants' mortality is also lower in destinations with healthier behaviors and higher incomes but is unrelated to local medical spending and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Deryugina
- Deryugina: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and NBER; Molitor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and NBER. Thomas Lemieux was the coeditor for this article. We thank Amy Finkelstein, Don Fullerton, Matthew Gentzkow, Osea Giuntella, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Kaestner, Jonathan Ketcham, Matthew Notowidigdo, Julian Reif, Nicholas Sanders, David Slusky, and seminar participants at the ASSA Annual Meeting, the AERE Summer Conference, the Annual Health Econometrics Workshop, Arizona State University, the BFI Health Economics Initiative Annual Conference, Cornell University, East Carolina University, Georgia State University, the Heartland Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop, the Illinois pERE seminar, Indiana University, the Junior Health Economics Summit, the London School of Economics, MHEC-X, the National University of Singapore, the CEPRA/NBER Workshop on Ageing and Health, the NBER EEE Spring Meeting, the NBER Summer Institute, SIEPR, the Symposium on Natural Resource Governance for Young Scholars, the University of British Columbia, the University of California at Santa Barbara, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Virginia for helpful comments. Isabel Musse, Prakrati Thakur, Fan Wu, and Zhu Yang provided excellent research assistance. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R21AG050795, P01AG005842, and R01AG053350. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
| | - David Molitor
- Deryugina: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and NBER; Molitor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and NBER. Thomas Lemieux was the coeditor for this article. We thank Amy Finkelstein, Don Fullerton, Matthew Gentzkow, Osea Giuntella, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Kaestner, Jonathan Ketcham, Matthew Notowidigdo, Julian Reif, Nicholas Sanders, David Slusky, and seminar participants at the ASSA Annual Meeting, the AERE Summer Conference, the Annual Health Econometrics Workshop, Arizona State University, the BFI Health Economics Initiative Annual Conference, Cornell University, East Carolina University, Georgia State University, the Heartland Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop, the Illinois pERE seminar, Indiana University, the Junior Health Economics Summit, the London School of Economics, MHEC-X, the National University of Singapore, the CEPRA/NBER Workshop on Ageing and Health, the NBER EEE Spring Meeting, the NBER Summer Institute, SIEPR, the Symposium on Natural Resource Governance for Young Scholars, the University of British Columbia, the University of California at Santa Barbara, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Virginia for helpful comments. Isabel Musse, Prakrati Thakur, Fan Wu, and Zhu Yang provided excellent research assistance. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R21AG050795, P01AG005842, and R01AG053350. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
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Lowe SR, Raker EJ, Waters MC, Rhodes JE. Predisaster predictors of posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories: An analysis of low-income women in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240038. [PMID: 33085670 PMCID: PMC7577433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to disasters is associated with a range of posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. However, few studies have tracked PTSS for more than a decade postdisaster, and none to our knowledge has explored the role of predisaster resources and vulnerabilities in shaping the likelihood of trajectory membership. The current study included participants from the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina Study (N = 885). Participants were originally part of a community college intervention study and were assessed prior to the hurricane (6–21 months predisaster), and approximately 1 year, 4 years, and 12 years postdisaster. Latent class growth analysis identified PTSS trajectories. Perceived social support, probable mental illness, and physical health conditions or problems–all assessed predisaster–were examined as predictors of trajectory membership at the univariate level and in multivariable models without and with adjustment for disaster exposure. Three PTSS trajectories were detected: Moderate-Decreasing (69.3%), High-Decreasing (23.1%), and High-Stable (7.6%). In the multivariable predictive model without adjustment for disaster exposure, probable predisaster mental illness was significantly associated with greater odds of the High-Decreasing and High-Stable trajectories, and physical health conditions or problems with greater odds of the High-Decreasing trajectory, relative to the Moderate-Decreasing trajectory. However, when disaster exposure was adjusted, only the association between predisaster mental illness and the odds of the High-Stable trajectory remained statistically significant. Lower predisaster perceived social support was significantly associated with membership in the High-Decreasing trajectory, relative to the Moderate-Decreasing, at the univariate level, but not in either multivariable model. Whereas predisaster mental illness confers risk for chronic postdisaster PTSS, other impacts of predisaster resources and vulnerabilities on elevated PTSS trajectories do not go beyond those of disaster exposure. The results support disaster preparedness efforts targeting those with mental and physical health conditions, and postdisaster mental health services addressing preexisting vulnerabilities in addition to disaster-related PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ethan J. Raker
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Waters
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jean E. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Mental Illness Prevalence and Disparities Among Hurricane Sandy Survivors: A 2-Year Retrospective. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:579-588. [PMID: 32340644 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined mental health status among Hurricane Sandy survivors in the most severely damaged areas of New York and New Jersey in 2014, approximately 2 years after this disaster. We used the 2014 Associated Press NORC survey of 1009 Sandy survivors to measure the prevalence of probable mental illness and to analyze its association with selected socioeconomic characteristics of survivors, direct impact by Sandy, as well as social support and social trust. The study found major disparities in mental illness by race/ethnicity, age groups, and employment status. Higher Sandy impact levels were strongly associated with higher rates of mental illness and accounted for much of the disparity between blacks and Hispanics compared with whites in our study group. Social support was more strongly associated with lower rates of mental illness than was social trust. In addition, social support served as a significant mitigating factor in the mental health disparities between blacks and whites. The severity of mental illness among Sandy survivors differed significantly among racial and ethnic groups but was moderated by both the direct impact of this disaster on their lives and the degree of social support they received, as well as how trusting they were.
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45
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Rouf K, Wainwright T. Linking health justice, social justice, and climate justice. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e131-e132. [PMID: 32353288 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadj Rouf
- Psychological Therapies, North and West Oxon Adult Mental Health Team, Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tony Wainwright
- Clinical Education Development and Research, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
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Tasdik Hasan M, Adhikary G, Mahmood S, Papri N, Shihab HM, Kasujja R, Ahmed HU, Azad AK, Nasreen M. Exploring mental health needs and services among affected population in a cyclone affected area in costal Bangladesh: a qualitative case study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:12. [PMID: 32165918 PMCID: PMC7059662 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world has been ranked 9th on the Climate Risk Index for 2017: the 10 most affected countries & 7th on the Long-Term Climate Risk Index: the 10 countries most affected from 1998 to 2017. Every year it is afflicted with various climatic disasters including floods, hurricanes and cyclones. Apart from the obvious devastation of lives and property, there is a huge increase in clinical diseases when these disasters occur. Mental health of affected persons after these disasters is a topic that is often neglected by local and national level. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted on perceived need on mental health support & availability of such services in a cyclone affected area in rural Bangladesh. Ten (10) key informant interviews (KIIs) with different stakeholders and ten (10) in-depth interviews (IDIs) with affected people were taken. Findings We found that cyclones had numerous psychosocial impacts on the population including acute stress disorder, sleep disorder, post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs), generalized anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation and depression. The survivors had specific needs for receiving support. Children, elderly and women were perceived to be more vulnerable. The government and NGOs had no specific action plans and initiatives to address these issues and support the mental health of affected population. There was a visible gap in finding effective ways to provide affected people with the required mental health & psycho-social services (MHPSS). Conclusion Resilient, responsive and self-sustaining health systems for this vulnerable population are required. Implementation of effective mental health programs and strong mental health policies remain a challenge in Bangladesh where there is a cultural fatalistic acceptance of mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tasdik Hasan
- 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gourab Adhikary
- 2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Mahmood
- 2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nowshin Papri
- 2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan M Shihab
- 4Combined Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine Program, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Centre and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rosco Kasujja
- 5Department of Mental Health & Community Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Abul Kalam Azad
- 2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Nasreen
- 2Institute of Disaster Management & Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zhang W, Kinney PL, Rich DQ, Sheridan SC, Romeiko XX, Dong G, Stern EK, Du Z, Xiao J, Lawrence WR, Lin Z, Hao Y, Lin S. How community vulnerability factors jointly affect multiple health outcomes after catastrophic storms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105285. [PMID: 31726368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies uncovered individual vulnerabilities to health risks during catastrophic storms, few evaluated the population vulnerability which is more important for identifying areas in greatest need of intervention. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association between community factors and multiple health outcomes, and developed a community vulnerability index. METHODS We retained emergency department visits for several health conditions from the 2005-2014 New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. We developed distributed lag nonlinear models at each spatial cluster across eight counties in downstate New York to evaluate the health risk associated with Superstorm Sandy (10/28/2012-11/9/2012) compared to the same period in other years, then defined census tracts in clusters with an elevated risk as "risk-elevated communities", and all others as "unelevated". We used machine-learning techniques to regress the risk elevation status against community factors to determine the contribution of each factor on population vulnerability, and developed a community vulnerability index (CVI). RESULTS Overall, community factors had positive contributions to increased community vulnerabilities to Sandy-related substance abuse (91.35%), injuries (70.51%), cardiovascular diseases (8.01%), and mental disorders (2.71%) but reversely contributed to respiratory diseases (-34.73%). The contribution of low per capita income (max: 22.08%), the percentage of residents living in group quarters (max: 31.39%), the percentage of areas prone to flooding (max: 38.45%), and the percentage of green coverage (max: 29.73%) tended to be larger than other factors. The CVI based on these factors achieved an accuracy of 0.73-0.90 across outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that substance abuse was the most sensitive disease susceptible to less optimal community indicators, whereas respiratory diseases were higher in communities with better social environment. The percentage of residents in group quarters and areas prone to flooding were among dominant predictors for community vulnerabilities. The CVI based on these factors has an appropriate predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiaobo Xue Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eric K Stern
- College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security, and Cyber-Security, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Mathematics, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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Raker EJ, Lowe SR, Arcaya MC, Johnson ST, Rhodes J, Waters MC. Twelve years later: The long-term mental health consequences of Hurricane Katrina. Soc Sci Med 2019; 242:112610. [PMID: 31677480 PMCID: PMC8450020 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused unprecedented damage, widespread population displacement, and exposed Gulf Coast residents to traumatic events. The hurricane's adverse impact on survivors' mental health was apparent shortly after the storm and persisted, but no study has examined the long-term effects now that more than a decade has transpired. Using new data from a panel study of low-income mothers interviewed once before Hurricane Katrina and now three times after, we document changes in mental health, and estimate the sociodemographic and hurricane-related factors associated with long-term trajectories of mental health. We find that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) declined at each of the three post-Katrina follow-ups, but 12 years after the hurricane, one in six still had symptoms indicative of probable post-traumatic stress disorder. The rate of non-specific psychological distress (PD) remained consistently higher in all three follow-ups, compared to the pre-disaster period. In full covariate-adjusted models, no sociodemographic variables predicted long-run combinations of PTSS and PD. However, 12 years later, exposure to hurricane-related traumatic events and pre-disaster PD significantly predicted co-occurring PTSS and PD. Hurricane-related housing damage predicted PTSS in earlier follow-ups, but no longer predicted PTSS in the long-term. Furthermore, hurricane-related traumatic events significantly differentiated the risk of having persistent PTSS, relative to recovering from PTSS. The results suggest that there is still a non-negligible group of survivors with continued need for recovery resources and that exposure to traumatic events is a primary predictor of adverse mental health more than a decade post-disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sydney T Johnson
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, United States
| | - Jean Rhodes
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, United States
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Wang Z, Wu X, Dai W, Kaminga AC, Wu X, Pan X, Liu Z, Wen S, Hu S, Liu A. The Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Survivors After a Typhoon or Hurricane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:1065-1073. [PMID: 31204633 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder, which could be caused by traumatic events. The prevalence of PTSD among survivors after a typhoon or hurricane varied widely. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a combined prevalence of PTSD among survivors after a typhoon or hurricane. A systematic search of literature was performed in the 3 English databases: PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY), and Embase (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Also, a similar search was performed in the 2 Chinese databases such as Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang. Loney et al.'s criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the selected articles for this study. The combined prevalence of PTSD among the study population was estimated using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation method. Subgroup analyses and a meta-regression analysis were carried out to explore the origin of heterogeneity. Thirty-nine eligible articles were included in this study. They comprised 43 123 typhoon and hurricane survivors of which 9373 were diagnosed with PTSD. The combined prevalence of PTSD among this population was 17.81%. Subgroup analyses revealed that the combined prevalence of PTSD related to typhoon and hurricane Categories 5, 4, and 2 showing a corresponding decreasing tendency. About 18% of people who experienced a severe typhoon or hurricane develop PTSD with the prevalence decreasing with reduced severity of the typhoon or hurricane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Mathematics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiwu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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Mellgard G, Abramson D, Okamura C, Weerahandi H. Hurricanes and healthcare: a case report on the influences of Hurricane Maria and managed Medicare in treating a Puerto Rican resident. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:818. [PMID: 31703682 PMCID: PMC6842155 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While Medicare is a federal health insurance program, managed Medicare limits access to healthcare services to networks within states or territories. However, if a natural disaster requires evacuation, displaced patients are at risk of losing coverage for their benefits. Previous literature has discussed the quality of managed Medicare plans within Puerto Rico but has not addressed the adequacy of this coverage if residents are displaced to the continental United States. We explore Hurricane Maria’s impact on a resident of Puerto Rico with chronic health problems, and the challenges he faces seeking healthcare in New York. Case presentation A 59-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus type II, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease status post right foot amputation, and end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis was admitted in October of 2017 for chest pain and swelling of legs for 5 days. The patient had missed his last three dialysis sessions after Hurricane Maria forced him to leave Puerto Rico. In examining this patient’s treatment, we observe the effect of Hurricane Maria on the medical management of Puerto Rican residents and identify challenges managed Medicare may pose to patients who cross state or territory lines. Conclusions We employ this patient’s narrative to frame a larger discussion of Puerto Rican managed Medicare and provide additional recommendations for healthcare providers. Moreover, we consider this case in the context of disaster-related continuity of care for patients with complex medical conditions or treatment regimens. To address the gaps in the care of these patients, this article proposes (1) developing system-based approaches for screening displaced patients, (2) increasing the awareness of Special Enrollment Periods related to Medicare among healthcare providers, and (3) creating policy solutions to assure access to care for patients with complex medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mellgard
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Abramson
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Okamura
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Himali Weerahandi
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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