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Etchevers L, Renna MS, Belotti EM, Diaz PU, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Amweg AN. ACTH impairs the migratory and secretory profile of mononuclear cells during proestrus in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105031. [PMID: 37804664 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effect of ACTH on the mechanisms involved in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infiltration into the ovary during dairy cattle proestrus. Regarding this, proper expression pattern of adhesion molecules must take place both in PBMCs and in endothelial cells. Argentinian Holstein cows (n = 12) were treated with 100 IU of ACTH every 12 h for 4 days before ovulation when ovariectomy was performed (day 18). Blood samples were taken on day 15 (0 h) and immediately before (72 h) and after (74 h) the last ACTH administration. In PBMCs, flow cytometry was performed to analyze CD44, CD11b and CD62-L expression along with gene expression of chemokines' receptors. Interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was analyzed by flow cytometry after exposing PBMCs to autologous follicular fluid. In ovarian blood vessels, expression of the vascular endothelium cell adhesion-1 (VCAM-1) and the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In T-lymphocytes, the expression of CD44 and CD11b was lower at 72 h in ACTH-treated cows (P < 0.05). In monocytes, the expression of CD11b and CD62-L was lower at 72 h in ACTH-treated cows (P < 0.05). Also, the percentage of IL-4+ cells was higher in ACTH-treated cows, meanwhile, the percentage TNF-α+ cells was lower in ACTH-treated cows (P < 0.05). Finally, in the vessels associated with the preovulatory follicle VCAM-1 immunoexpression was lower in ACTH-treated cows (P < 0.05). Here, we present novel insights into the effect of stress during the preovulatory period on the inflammatory pathway necessary for ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Etchevers
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M S Renna
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P U Diaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A N Amweg
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Sasamoto N, Stewart PA, Wang T, Thompson ZJ, Yoder SJ, Hecht JL, Cleveland JL, Conejo‐Garcia J, Fridley BL, Terry KL, Tworoger SS. Associations between prediagnostic aspirin use and ovarian tumor gene expression. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18405-18417. [PMID: 37525619 PMCID: PMC10523980 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin use has been associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. To gain mechanistic insights, we assessed the association between prediagnosis low and regular-dose aspirin use and gene expression profiles in ovarian tumors. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on high-grade serous, poorly differentiated, and high-grade endometrioid ovarian cancer tumors from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and New England Case-Control Study (n = 92 cases for low, 153 cases for regular-dose aspirin). Linear regression identified differentially expressed genes associated with aspirin use, adjusted for birth decade and cohort. False discovery rates (FDR) were used to account for multiple testing and gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify biological pathways. RESULTS No individual genes were significantly differentially expressed in ovarian tumors in low or regular-dose aspirin users accounting for multiple comparisons. However, current versus never use of low-dose aspirin was associated with upregulation of immune pathways (e.g., allograft rejection, FDR = 5.8 × 10-10 ; interferon-gamma response, FDR = 2.0 × 10-4 ) and downregulation of estrogen response pathways (e.g., estrogen response late, FDR = 4.9 × 10-8 ). Ovarian tumors from current regular aspirin users versus never users were also associated with upregulation in interferon pathways (FDR <1.5 × 10-4 ) and downregulation of multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture pathways (e.g., ECM organization, 4.7 × 10-8 ). CONCLUSION Our results suggest low and regular-dose aspirin may impair ovarian tumorigenesis in part via enhancing adaptive immune response and decreasing metastatic potential supporting the likely differential effects on ovarian carcinogenesis and progression by dose of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paul A. Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Zachary J. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Sean J. Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core FacilityH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan L. Hecht
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Jose Conejo‐Garcia
- Department of ImmunologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
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Chen Z, Chen Z, Wang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Cuomu D, Shi B, Wang Y. Leptin receptor is a key gene involved in the immunopathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5799-5810. [PMID: 33988300 PMCID: PMC8184729 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), the most common and severe manifestation of Graves' disease (GD), is a disfiguring and potentially blinding autoimmune disease. The high relapse rate (up to 20%) and substantial side effects of glucocorticoid treatment further decrease the life quality of TAO patients. To develop novel therapies, we amid to explore the immunopathogenesis of TAO. To identify the key immune‐related genes (IRGs) in TAO, we integrated the IRG expression profiles in thyrocytes from a GD patient set (GD vs healthy control) and a TAO patient set (TAO vs GD). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein‐protein interaction (PPI) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene as the key IRG in TAO immunopathogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested enrichment of the antigen presentation pathway in TAO patients with higher LEPR. Increased LEPR expression was validated in TAO orbital tissues, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that cell adhesion processes were positively correlated with LEPR. Our study revealed that LEPR is a key gene in TAO immunopathogenesis and plays different roles in thyrocytes and orbital tissues. Our findings provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Biomedical Experimental Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Deji Cuomu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Genome institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yin M, Li C, Jiang J, Le J, Luo B, Yang F, Fang Y, Yang M, Deng Z, Ni W, Shao J. Cell adhesion molecule-mediated therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis: From a biological basis and molecular mechanism to drug delivery nanosystems. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114471. [PMID: 33587918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by pathological constriction of blood vessels due to chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid deposition, is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have the ability to regulate the inflammatory response and endothelial function, as well as potentially driving plaque rupture, which all contribute to the progression of AS. Moreover, recent advances in the development of clinical agents in the cardiovascular field are based on CAMs, which show promising results in the fight against AS. Here, we review the current literature on mechanisms by which CAMs regulate atherosclerotic progression from the earliest induction of inflammation to plaques formation. In particular, we focused on therapeutic strategies based on CAMs inhibitors that prevent leukocyte from migrating to endothelium, including high-affinity antibodies and antagonists, nonspecific traditional medicinal formulas and lipid lowering drugs. The CAMs-based drug delivery nanosystem and the available data on the more reasonable and effective clinical application of CAMs inhibitors have been emphasized, raising hope for further progress in the field of AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chao Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jingqing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bangyue Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Wenxin Ni
- Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Characterisation of endogenous Galectin-1 and -9 expression in monocyte and macrophage subsets under resting and inflammatory conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lim HJ, Bak SG, Park EJ, Ku SK, Lee S, Lee SW, Lee KM, Lee SJ, Rho MC. Retrofractamide C Derived from Piper longum Alleviates Xylene-Induced Mouse Ear Edema and Inhibits Phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB in LPS-Induced J774A.1. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184058. [PMID: 32899525 PMCID: PMC7570867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported the biological activities of retrofractamide C (RAC). However, few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of RAC. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of RAC using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced J774A.1 cells and a xylene-induced mouse ear edema model. Treatment with RAC decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein expression. It also downregulated the LPS-induced production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In the LPS-induced signaling pathway, RAC inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38. In a xylene-induced mouse ear edema model, RAC treatment alleviated edema formation and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, the present study indicates that RAC has the potential to have anti-inflammatory effects and could be a prospective functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Seon Gyeong Bak
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu-si, Jeonnam 59626, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Park
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeonbuk 54596, Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeonbuk 38610, Korea;
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Kang Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-63-570-5230 (M.-C.R.)
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.J.P.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-63-570-5230 (M.-C.R.)
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Vázquez-Sánchez EA, Mendoza-Figueroa JS, Gutiérrez-Gonzalez G, Zapi-Colín LA, Torales-Cardeña A, Briseño-Lugo PE, Díaz-Toalá I, Cancino-Diaz JC, Pérez-Tapia SM, Cancino-Diaz ME, Gómez-Chávez F, Rodríguez-Martínez S. Heptapeptide HP3 acts as a potent inhibitor of experimental imiquimod‑induced murine psoriasis and impedes the trans‑endothelial migration of mononuclear cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:507-515. [PMID: 32377714 PMCID: PMC7248483 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the progression of psoriatic lesions, abundant cellular infiltration of myeloid cells, such as macrophages and activated dendritic cells, occurs in the skin and the infiltrating cells interact with naive lymphoid cells to generate a T helper (Th)1 and Th17 environment. Therapies to treat psoriasis include phototherapy, non-steroidal and steroidal drugs, as well as antibodies to block tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17-A and IL-12/IL-23, which all focus on decreasing the proinflammatory hallmark of psoriasis. The present study obtained the heptapeptide HP3 derived from phage display technology that blocks mononuclear cell adhesion to endothelial cells and inhibits trans-endothelial migration in vitro. The activity of the heptapeptide in a murine model of psoriasis was also assessed, which indicated that early administration inhibited the development of psoriatic lesions. Therefore, the results suggested that HP3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto A Vázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)‑Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)‑Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis A Zapi-Colín
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)‑Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Azael Torales-Cardeña
- Department of Disciplinary Basic Formation, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMyH)‑IPN, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Paola E Briseño-Lugo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Science Section, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 54740, Mexico
| | - Iván Díaz-Toalá
- Department of Computational Systems Engineering, Escuela Superior de Cómputo‑IPN, México City 07738, Mexico
| | - Juan C Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, ENCB‑IPN, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- National Laboratory for Specialized Services for Research, Development and Innovation for Pharmacochemistry and Biotechnology products, ENCB‑IPN, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Mario E Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)‑Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Department of Disciplinary Basic Formation, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMyH)‑IPN, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)‑Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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Shawaf T, El-Deeb WM, Elgioushy M. The Contribution of Specific and Nonspecific Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) Under Field Condition. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102853. [PMID: 31864460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of gastrin, pepsinogen, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and oxidative stress biomarkers in horses with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Thirty horses diagnosed with gastroscopic EGUS and 15 clinically healthy horses were selected for this study. The serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen showed nonsignificant changes in horses with EGUS when compared with healthy horses. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 revealed a significant increase in horses with EGUS when compared with healthy ones. Oxidative stress is evident in horses with EGUS in comparison with healthy horses as detected by higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO). MDA and TNF-α showed better sensitivity and specificity than IL-6 in distinguishing horses with EGUS from control horses. Conclusively, examination of serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels had a limited value in diagnosis of EGUS in horses under investigation. Moreover, this study showed that oxidative stress is evident in horses with EGUS. Higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 indicate their role in EGUS pathogenesis in horses. Finally, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 could be used as biological markers for preliminary screening of horses with EGUS. Gastroscopy still accredited as the "gold standard" for diagnosis EGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious, Disease and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Magdy Elgioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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9
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Corder-Ramos NLB, Flatland B, Fry MM, Sun X, Fecteau K, Giori L. Cortisol, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and TSH responses in dogs injected with low-dose lipopolysaccharide. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7468. [PMID: 31410314 PMCID: PMC6689387 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and diseases such as endotoxemia induce cortisol synthesis through a complex biosynthetic pathway involving intermediates (progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP)) and suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Objective To measure plasma concentrations of cortisol, progesterone, 17α-OHP, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in dogs experimentally injected with intravenous low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our hypothesis was that LPS treatment would elicit a significant increase in cortisol and its precursors, and a significant decrease in TSH concentration. Methods Hormone measurements were performed on blood samples left over from a previous investigation (2011) on the effect of low-dose LPS on hematological measurands. Five sexually intact female dogs, none in estrous at the time of the study, were administered saline treatment two weeks prior to LPS treatment. LPS was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.1 µg/kg. Blood was collected before (baseline, time -24 hours) and 3-, 6- and 24-hours post-injection. Mixed model analysis for repeated measures was used, with both treatment and time as the repeated factors. Ranked transformation were applied when diagnostic analysis exhibited violation of normality and equal variance assumptions. Post hoc multiple comparisons were performed with Tukey’s adjustment. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Significant differences relative to baseline values were detected following both treatments. Compared to baseline, dogs had significantly higher cortisol and 17α-OHP at 3-hours, and significantly lower TSH at 3- and 6-hours following LPS treatment. Dogs had significantly lower TSH at 6- and 24- following saline treatment. Though not statistically significant, the trend in progesterone concentrations was similar to cortisol and 17α-OHP, with an increase at 3-hours post-injection followed by a decrease close to baseline following both LPS and saline. Cortisol and 17α-OHP concentrations were higher after LPS treatment than after saline treatment at 3- and 6-hours post-injection, but differences were not statistically significant, and no significant differences between treatments were detected for any other hormone or timepoint. Discussion and conclusion Cortisol and its adrenal precursors are released in the bloodstream following a low dose of LPS, while TSH appears to decrease. Similar changes occurred following saline treatment, suggesting that even routine handling and saline injection in conditioned dogs can elicit alterations in the internal equilibrium with subsequent modification of both hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes. Changes to adrenal and thyroid hormone concentrations must be interpreted in light of clinical information. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of adrenal steroidal hormone synthesis and secretion in response to various stressful stimuli in both neutered and intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L B Corder-Ramos
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee-College of Veterinary Medicine-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Bente Flatland
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee-College of Veterinary Medicine-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael M Fry
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee-College of Veterinary Medicine-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kellie Fecteau
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee-College of Veterinary Medicine-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Luca Giori
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee-College of Veterinary Medicine-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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10
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Avdic U, Ahl M, Öberg M, Ekdahl CT. Immune Profile in Blood Following Non-convulsive Epileptic Seizures in Rats. Front Neurol 2019; 10:701. [PMID: 31333561 PMCID: PMC6615316 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a prolonged epileptic seizure with subtle symptoms that may delay clinical diagnosis. Emerging experimental evidence shows brain pathology and epilepsy development following NCSE. New diagnostic/prognostic tools are therefore needed for earlier and better stratification of treatment. Here we examined whether NCSE initiates a peripheral immune response in blood serum from rats that experienced electrically-induced NCSE. ELISA analysis showed an acute transient increase in serum protein levels including interleukin-6 6 h post-NCSE, similar to the immune reaction in the brain. At 4 weeks post-NCSE, when 75% of rats subjected to NCSE had also developed spontaneous seizures, several immune proteins were altered. In particular, markers associated with microglia, macrophages and antigen presenting cells, such as CD68, MHCII, and galectin-3, were increased and the T-cell marker CD4 was decreased in serum compared to both non-stimulated controls and NCSE rats without spontaneous seizures, without correlation to interictal epileptiform activity. Analyses of serum following intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed an acute increase in interleukin-6, but at 4 weeks unaltered levels of MHCII and galectin-3, an increase in CD8 and CD11b and a decrease in CD68. None of the increased serum protein levels after NCSE or LPS could be confirmed in spleen tissue. Our data identifies the possibility to detect peripheral changes in serum protein levels following NCSE, which may be related to the development of subsequent spontaneous seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Avdic
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Epilepsy Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ahl
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Epilepsy Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Öberg
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Epilepsy Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine T Ekdahl
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Epilepsy Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Regulating response and leukocyte adhesion of human endothelial cell by gradient nanohole substrate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7272. [PMID: 31086227 PMCID: PMC6514209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding signals in the microenvironment that regulate endothelial cell behavior are important in tissue engineering. Although many studies have examined the cellular effects of nanotopography, no study has investigated the functional regulation of human endothelial cells grown on nano-sized gradient hole substrate. We examined the cellular response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by using a gradient nanohole substrate (GHS) with three different types of nanohole patterns (HP): which diameters were described in HP1, 120-200 nm; HP2, 200-280 nm; HP3, 280-360 nm. In results, HP2 GHS increased the attachment and proliferation of HUVECs. Also, gene expression of focal adhesion markers in HUVECs was significantly increased on HP2 GHS. In vitro tube formation assay showed the enhancement of tubular network formation of HUVECs after priming on GHS compared to Flat. Furthermore, leukocyte adhesion was also reduced in the HUVECs in a hole-diameter dependent manner. To summarize, optimal proliferations with reduced leukocyte adhesion of HUVECs were achieved by gradient nanohole substrate with 200-280 nm-sized holes.
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12
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Gao G, Park JY, Kim BS, Jang J, Cho D. Coaxial Cell Printing of Freestanding, Perfusable, and Functional In Vitro Vascular Models for Recapitulation of Native Vascular Endothelium Pathophysiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1801102. [PMID: 30370670 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology is used to produce channels within hydrogels followed by endothelial cells (ECs)-seeding to establish in vitro vascular models. However, as built-in bulk hydrogels, it is difficult to incorporate additional cells and molecules into the crosslinked matrix to study the pathophysiological responses of healthy endothelium. In this study, freestanding in vitro vascular models (VMs) are developed using the coaxial cell printing technique and a vascular tissue-specific bioink. It has various advantages in plotting tubular cell-laden vessels with designed patterns, providing pump-driven circulating perfusion, generating endothelium without ECs-seeding, and implementing further expansions to study vascular pathophysiology. Following the maturation of endothelium, the VMs exhibit representative vascular functions (i.e., selective permeability, antiplatelets/leukocytes adhesion, and vessel remodeling under shear stress). Moreover, with the expansions of the VMs, the directional angiogenesis and inflammatory responses are demonstrated by giving asymmetric distributions of proangiogenic factors and an airway inflammatory ambience, respectively. Therefore, the freestanding, perfusable, and functional VMs can be useful devices to engineer diverse in vitro platforms for a wide range of biomedical applications, from modeling blood vessel relevant diseases to building vascularized tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
Pathophysiologically, the classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into three categories: (1) prerenal, (2) intrinsic, and (3) postrenal. Emerging evidence supports the involvement of renal tubular epithelial cells and the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the pathogenesis of intrinsic AKI. Pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, hypoxia inducible factors, toll-like receptors, complement system, oxidative stress, adhesion molecules, cell death, resident renal dendritic cells, neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer T cells, cytokines, and secreted chemokines contribute to the immunopathogenesis of AKI. However, other immune cells and pathways such as M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, progranulin, and autophagy exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and facilitate kidney tissue repair after AKI. Thus, therapies for AKI include agents such as anti-inflammatory (e.g., recombinant alkaline phosphatase), antioxidants (iron chelators), and apoptosis inhibitors. In preclinical toxicity studies, drug-induced kidney injury can be seen after exposure to a nephrotoxicant test article due to immune mechanisms and dysregulation of innate, and/or adaptive cellular immunity. The focus of this review will be on intrinsic AKI, as it relates to the immune and renal systems cross talks focusing on the cellular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A. Radi
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Singh AK, Das VNR, Amit A, Dikhit MR, Mahantesh V, Singh SK, Naryan S, Pandey K, Das P, Verma N, Bimal S. Cytokines and chemokines differentially regulate innate immune cell trafficking during post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7406-7418. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Singh
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Vidya N. R. Das
- Department of Clinical MedicineRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Manas R. Dikhit
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Vijaya Mahantesh
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Shubhankar K. Singh
- Department of MicrobiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Shyam Naryan
- Department of MicrobiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical MedicineRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular BiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Neena Verma
- Department of PathologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
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15
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Docheva N, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiyasit N, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, Hassan SS, Erez O. The profiles of soluble adhesion molecules in the "great obstetrical syndromes" . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2113-2136. [PMID: 29320948 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1427058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the profiles of maternal plasma soluble adhesion molecules in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (preterm PROM), and fetal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine maternal plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sL-selectin, and sP-selectin as well as sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sPECAM-1 in patients with (1) an uncomplicated pregnancy (control, n = 100); (2) preeclampsia (n = 94); (3) SGA fetuses (in women without preeclampsia/hypertension, n = 45); (4) acute pyelonephritis (n = 25); (5) PTL (n = 53); (6) preterm PROM (n = 24); and (7) fetal death (n = 34). Concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8) were determined with sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS In comparison to women with a normal pregnancy, (1) women with preeclampsia had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1, and a lower concentration of sL-selectin (all p values < .001); (2) patients with SGA fetuses had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05); (3) patients with a fetal death had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin and sP-selectin (all p values < .05); (4) patients with acute pyelonephritis had higher median plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .001); (5) patients with preeclampsia and acute pyelonephritis, plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and sP-selectin correlated with those of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-8 (all p values < .05); (6) patients with PTL had a higher median concentration of sP-selectin and a lower median concentration of VCAM-1 (all p values < .05); and (7) women with preterm PROM had lower median concentrations of sL-selectin and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that endothelial cell activation/dysfunction reflected by the plasma concentration of sE-selectin is not specific to preeclampsia but is present in pregnancies complicated by SGA fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, and fetal death. Collectively, we report that each obstetrical syndrome appears to have a stereotypical profile of soluble adhesion molecules in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Docheva
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,e Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,g Department of Physiology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Offer Erez
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
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16
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Martin EM, Messenger KM, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Misoprostol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production by Equine Leukocytes. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:160. [PMID: 29034249 PMCID: PMC5624997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 are potent immune mediators that exacerbate multiple equine diseases such as sepsis and laminitis. Unfortunately, safe and effective cytokine-targeting therapies are lacking in horses; therefore, novel mechanisms of inhibiting cytokine production are critically needed. One potential mechanism for inhibiting cytokine synthesis is elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). In human leukocytes, intracellular cAMP production is induced by activation of E-prostanoid (EP) receptors 2 and 4. These receptors can be targeted by the EP2/4 agonist and prostaglandin E1 analog, misoprostol. Misoprostol is currently used as a gastroprotectant in horses but has not been evaluated as a cytokine-targeting therapeutic. Thus, we hypothesized that misoprostol treatment would inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine leukocytes in an in vitro inflammation model. To test this hypothesis, equine leukocyte-rich plasma (LRP) was collected from 12 healthy adult horses and used to model LPS-mediated inflammatory signaling. LRP was treated with varying concentrations of misoprostol either before (pretreated) or following (posttreated) LPS stimulation. LRP supernatants were assayed for 23 cytokines using an equine-specific multiplex bead immunoassay. Leukocytes were isolated from LRP, and leukocyte mRNA levels of four important cytokines were evaluated via RT-PCR. Statistical differences between treatments were determined using one-way RM ANOVA (Holm-Sidak post hoc testing) or Friedman's RM ANOVA on Ranks (SNK post hoc testing), where appropriate (p < 0.05, n = 3-6 horses). These studies revealed that misoprostol pre- and posttreatment inhibited LPS-induced TNFα and IL-6 protein production in equine leukocytes but had no effect on IL-8 protein. Interestingly, misoprostol pretreatment enhanced IL-1β protein synthesis following 6 h of LPS stimulation, while misoprostol posttreatment inhibited IL-1β protein production after 24 h of LPS stimulation. At the mRNA level, misoprostol pre- and posttreatment inhibited LPS-induced TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA production but did not affect IL-8 mRNA. These results indicate that misoprostol exerts anti-inflammatory effects on equine leukocytes when applied before or after a pro-inflammatory stimulus. However, the effects we observed were cytokine-specific and sometimes differed at the mRNA and protein levels. Further studies are warranted to establish the inhibitory effects of misoprostol on equine cytokine production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Medlin Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kristen M. Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary Katherine Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Samuel L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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17
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Goehring LS, Brandes K, Ashton LV, Wittenburg LA, Olea-Popelka FJ, Lunn DP, Soboll Hussey G. Anti-inflammatory drugs decrease infection of brain endothelial cells with EHV-1 in vitro. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:629-636. [PMID: 27864898 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine herpesvirus-associated myeloencephalopathy is the result of endothelial cell infection of the spinal cord vasculature with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) during cell-associated viraemia. Endothelial cell infection requires contact between infected peripheral blood mononuclear and endothelial cells. Inflammation generated during viraemia likely upregulates adhesion molecule expression on both cell types increasing contact and facilitating endothelial cell infection. OBJECTIVES Evaluating the role of anti-inflammatory drugs in decreasing endothelial cell infection with EHV-1. STUDY DESIGN In vitro assay, crossover design, multiple drug testing. METHODS In vitro modified infectious centre assay using immortalised carotid artery endothelial cells or primary brain endothelial cells with plaque counts per well as outcome. Cells were either anti-inflammatory drug treated or left untreated. RESULTS Significant reduction of plaque count when cells were treated compared with untreated cells. No dose-dependent effect when drug concentrations were increased to 10× dose. Treatment of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and endothelial cells (EC) is required for significant plaque count reduction. MAIN LIMITATIONS In vitro study. CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammatory drugs decrease infection of endothelial cells likely by reducing contact between EHV-1 infected PBMC and endothelial cells in vitro. The role of adhesion molecules in this process needs further investigation. In vitro results suggest anti-inflammatory drug therapy during EHV-1 infection and viraemia in horses could be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Brandes
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - L V Ashton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - D P Lunn
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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18
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The protective effect of herbal polysaccharides on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:431-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Kim YD, Shim SS, Kang HS, Maeng YH. Clinical Significance of Newborn Gastric Inflammatory Mediators. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2016.23.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Don Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Soon Sup Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hye Sim Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Hee Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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20
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The angiopoietin/TIE receptor system: Focusing its role for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:281-91. [PMID: 25466648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) are of fatal consequence for the affected organs, as they provoke a profound inflammatory reaction. This thoroughly destroys cells and tissues, inducing functional failure or even complete loss of organ function. Since I/R is primarily a vascular problem, the interaction between the endothelium and the surrounding environment is of great significance. The angiopoietins (ANG) and the TIE receptors are key players for the vascular homeostasis. This review summarizes biochemical and cellular mechanisms leading to I/R injury. After a brief introduction to the ANG/TIE system, a comprehensive overview of its role for the development of I/R syndrome is given. Finally, current therapeutic approaches to mitigate the consequences of I/R by modulating ANG/TIE signaling are reviewed in detail.
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Age-related macular degeneration in the aspect of chronic low-grade inflammation (pathophysiological parainflammation). Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:930671. [PMID: 25214719 PMCID: PMC4152952 DOI: 10.1155/2014/930671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The products of oxidative stress trigger chronic low-grade inflammation (pathophysiological parainflammation) process in AMD patients. In early AMD, soft drusen contain many mediators of chronic low-grade inflammation such as C-reactive protein, adducts of the carboxyethylpyrrole protein, immunoglobulins, and acute phase molecules, as well as the complement-related proteins C3a, C5a, C5, C5b-9, CFH, CD35, and CD46. The complement system, mainly alternative pathway, mediates chronic autologous pathophysiological parainflammation in dry and exudative AMD, especially in the Y402H gene polymorphism, which causes hypofunction/lack of the protective complement factor H (CFH) and facilitates chronic inflammation mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP). Microglial activation induces photoreceptor cells injury and leads to the development of dry AMD. Many autoantibodies (antibodies against alpha beta crystallin, alpha-actinin, amyloid, C1q, chondroitin, collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, elastin, fibronectin, heparan sulfate, histone H2A, histone H2B, hyaluronic acid, laminin, proteoglycan, vimentin, vitronectin, and aldolase C and pyruvate kinase M2) and overexpression of Fcc receptors play role in immune-mediated inflammation in AMD patients and in animal model. Macrophages infiltration of retinal/choroidal interface acts as protective factor in early AMD (M2 phenotype macrophages); however it acts as proinflammatory and proangiogenic factor in advanced AMD (M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages).
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Immune modulatory therapies for spinal cord injury – Past, present and future. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wu J, Waxman DJ. Metronomic cyclophosphamide schedule-dependence of innate immune cell recruitment and tumor regression in an implanted glioma model. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:272-80. [PMID: 25069038 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic cyclophosphamide (CPA) treatment activates robust innate anti-tumor immunity and induces major regression of large, implanted brain tumor xenografts when administered on an intermittent, every 6-day schedule, but not on a daily low-dose or a maximum-tolerated dose CPA schedule. Here, we used an implanted GL261 glioma model to compare five intermittent metronomic CPA schedules to elucidate the kinetics and schedule dependence of innate immune cell recruitment and tumor regression. Tumor-recruited natural killer cells induced by two every 6-day treatment cycles were significantly ablated 1 day after a third CPA treatment, but largely recovered several days later. Natural killer and other tumor-infiltrating innate immune cells peaked 12 days after the last CPA treatment on the every 6-day schedule, suggesting that drug-free intervals longer than 6 days may show increased efficacy. Metronomic CPA treatments spaced 9 or 12 days apart, or on an alternating 6 and 9 day schedule, induced extensive tumor regression, similar to the 6-day schedule; however, the tumor-infiltrating natural killer cell responses were not sustained, leading to rapid resumption of tumor growth after day 24, despite ongoing metronomic CPA treatment. Increasing the CPA dose prolonged the period of tumor regression on the every 9-day schedule, but natural killer cell activation was markedly decreased. Thus, while several intermittent metronomic CPA treatment schedules can activate innate immune cell recruitment leading to major tumor regression, sustained immune and anti-tumor responses are only achieved on the 6-day schedule. However, even with this schedule, some tumors eventually relapse, indicating a need for further improvements in this immunogenic metronomic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Effect of interleukin-1β on ICAM-1 expression of dental pulp cells: role of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and cyclooxygenase. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:117-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Gosslau A, Chen KY, Ho CT, Li S. Anti-inflammatory effects of characterized orange peel extracts enriched with bioactive polymethoxyflavones. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xiao L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Xu Y, Kundu B, Chordia MD, Pan D. Synthesis of PECAM-1-specific 64Cu PET imaging agent: evaluation of myocardial infarction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4144-7. [PMID: 22578454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A PECAM-1 specific PET imaging agent, PECAM-1-Ab-DOTA-(64)Cu, was synthesized by conjugating the anti-mouse PECAM-1 antibody with 2,2',2",2"'-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and subsequent labeling with (64)Cu. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was successfully performed in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) induced by an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, indicating the elevated expression of PECAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The University of Virginia, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Snyder Bldg, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Moon MK, Kang DG, Lee AS, Yeom KB, Kim JS, Lee HS. Anti-Atherogenic Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Rhubarb in Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:555-68. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether the aqueous extract of rhubarb (AR) could prevent the development of atherosclerosis through regulating vascular inflammatory processes in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. AR significantly reduced plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. AR inhibited vascular expressions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) induced in rats with an atherogenic diet. On the other hand, AR augmented the vascular expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) and restored vascular nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, AR suppressed the elevated expression of vascular nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 as well as adhesion molecules, including intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. Also, AR decreased endothelial expression of ICAM-1 and ET-1 in aorta. These results suggest that AR suppresses the development of atherosclerosis in the atherogenic-diet rat model through inhibiting vascular expressions of proinflammatory and adhesion molecules via the regulation of nitric oxide and endothelin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Moon
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - An Sook Lee
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bok Yeom
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Suzuki K, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Lakritz J, Sera K, Koiwa M, Taguchi K. Analysis of trace and major elements in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia in calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:166-71. [PMID: 21870151 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of direct determination of trace and major element concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from Holstein calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20). The samples were obtained during bronchoscopy using a standard examination method. A total of 18 elements (aluminum, bromine, calcium, chlorine, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, strontium, titanium, and zinc) were detected by particle-induced X-ray emission. The average bromine, iron, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous concentrations were higher in calves with bronchopneumonia than in controls (p < 0.05). They were found to have higher amounts of calcium and zinc, and a higher zinc-copper ratio than that in healthy calves (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristics curves, we propose a diagnostic cutoff point for zinc-copper ratio for identification of Mycoplasma pneumonia of 8.676. Our results indicate that assessment of the elemental composition of broncholaveolar lavage fluid is a promising diagnostic tool for Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimati, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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Golias C, Batistatou A, Bablekos G, Charalabopoulos A, Peschos D, Mitsopoulos P, Charalabopoulos K. Physiology and pathophysiology of selectins, integrins, and IgSF cell adhesion molecules focusing on inflammation. A paradigm model on infectious endocarditis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:19-32. [PMID: 21892874 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2011.606381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of adhesion bonds, either among cells or among cells and components of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial process. These interactions are mediated by some molecules collectively known as adhesion molecules (CAMs). CAMs are ubiquitously expressed proteins playing a central role in controlling cell migration, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Besides their key function in physiological maintenance of tissue integrity, CAMs play an eminent role in various pathological processes such as cardiovascular disorders, atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque progression and regulation of the inflammatory response. CAMs such as selectins, integrins, and immunoglobulin superfamily take part in interactions between leukocyte and vascular endothelium (leukocyte rolling, arrest, firm adhesion, migration). Experimental data and pathologic observations support the assumption that pathogenic microorganisms attach to vascular endothelial cells or sites of vascular injury initiating intravascular infections. In this review a paradigm focusing on cell adhesion molecules pathophysiology and infective endocarditis development is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Golias
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Oakley OR, Frazer ML, Ko C. Pituitary-ovary-spleen axis in ovulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:345-52. [PMID: 21600783 PMCID: PMC3161174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes are rapidly recruited to the preovulatory ovary and play a crucial role as facilitators of ovulation and luteal formation. In this article, recent findings on leukocyte trafficking to the ovary, as well as the physiological role of leukocytes in the ovary, will be summarized and discussed. We then explore the novel hypothesis that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis might include the spleen as a reservoir of leukocytes by summarizing recent reports on this topic, both in the fields of immunology and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Oakley
- Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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XJP-1, a novel ACEI, with anti-inflammatory properties in HUVECs. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:40-8. [PMID: 21803355 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone (XJP-1), a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), exhibited inhibitory activity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated vascular inflammation. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated from human umbilical cords and cultured. The direct effect of XJP-1 on the activation of endothelial cells was measured using MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) in the culture medium was measured using Griess method. The expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) was determined by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion were measured using ELISA. Quantitative analysis of eNOS, iNOS, inhibitory factor NF-κB (IκB) and MAPKs were determined using Western blot analysis. The translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was determined using immunofluorescence. RESULTS XJP-1 significantly inhibited LPS-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction, as measured by NO production, iNOS expression, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) expression, and chemokine (TNF-α, MCP-1) production in vitro. It up-regulated eNOS expression in the same experimental setting. XJP-1 alone was found non-cytotoxic at the concentration up to 1000μM. The mechanistic investigations of XJP-1 suppression LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs revealed that XJP-1 blocked NF-κB nuclear entry in an IκB-dependent manner, as well as inhibited MAPK activation induced by LPS. XJP-1 reduced endothelin-1 secretion and increased nitric oxide metabolite production by HUVECs. However, the effect of XJP-1 on nitric oxide and endothelin-1 metabolite production is mediated by the activation of bradykinin B(2) receptor being counteracted, at least in part, by a specific antagonist. CONCLUSION XJP-1 inhibited LPS-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying this protective effect might be related to the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation, suggesting the potential inhibition of the atherosclerotic process by suppressing the expression of chemoattractant molecules and monocyte adhesion. XJP-1 also has an effect in improving endothelin-1 through activating bradykinin B(2) receptor. These findings indicated that XJP-1 is potentially a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses of TNF-α stimulated bovine mammary endothelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 140:282-90. [PMID: 21349589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Coliform mastitis may be severe in periparturient cows due to enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is implicated with the severity of coliform mastitis by provoking inflammatory responses in affected tissues. The endothelium is an integral organ in regulating inflammatory responses and loss of endothelial integrity may be fatal. Studies in humans suggest that endothelial cell apoptosis may be a consequence of TNF-α exposure and contributes to the development of sepsis, however, its impact on bovine mammary endothelial cells (BMEC) is unknown. We sought to determine the inflammatory and apoptotic responses of primary BMEC exposed to TNF-α in vitro. Stimulation of endothelial monolayers with TNF-α resulted in significant increase of toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6 and -8, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in a time-dependent manner. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNA expression, as well as caspase enzyme activity, also increased significantly following TNF-α stimulation. Cell viability assessed by ATP activity and BMEC apoptosis determined by flow cytometry revealed no significant changes across time with TNF-α stimulation. Results suggest that TNF-α stimulation, at the dose used in this study, can elicit a pro-inflammatory response in BMEC, but not induce apoptosis. The impact of TNF-α on mammary vascular function and the subsequent impact on the pathophysiology of severe coliform mastitis warrant further investigation.
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Gosslau A, Li S, Ho CT, Chen KY, Rawson NE. The importance of natural product characterization in studies of their anti-inflammatory activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:74-82. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hainard A, Tiberti N, Robin X, Ngoyi DM, Matovu E, Enyaru JCK, Müller M, Turck N, Ndung’u JM, Lejon V, Sanchez JC. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 are powerful staging markers for human African trypanosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 16:119-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hyun E, Andrade-Gordon P, Steinhoff M, Beck PL, Vergnolle N. Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the pro-inflammatory effects of protease-activated receptor-2 in colitis. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:699-709. [PMID: 20339899 PMCID: PMC2917702 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to determine the contribution of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-expressing bone marrow-derived cells on the development of colonic inflammation. Materials Chimeric mice were generated by injecting bone marrow cells from wildtype (PAR2+/+) or PAR2 knockout mice (PAR2−/−) into irradiated PAR2+/+ or PAR2−/− mice. Treatments: Colitis was induced by giving 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 7 days or by a single intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS, 2 mg dissolved in 40% ethanol). Methods Seven days after the induction of colitis, bowel thickness, inflammatory parameters [myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, macroscopic/microscopic damage scores], and leukocyte trafficking (visualized via intravital microscopy) were assessed. Results Total deficiency of PAR2 resulted in a marked reduction in severity of both TNBS and DSS induced colitis as assessed by MPO activity, macroscopic damage, bowel thickness, and leukocyte adherence. Colitis was attenuated in all chimeric lines in which there was loss of PAR2 in the host, non-bone marrow-derived tissue, independent of the status of PAR expression by bone marrow-derived cells. Interestingly, TNBS colitis was attenuated in PAR2+/+ chimeric mice with PAR2−/− derived bone marrow but these animals were not protected from DSS colitis. Conclusions Expression of PAR2 by host-derived tissues plays a dominant role in regulating colonic inflammation. PAR2 expression by bone marrow-derived cells appears to play a role in TNBS colitis but not in DSS induced injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00011-010-0181-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hyun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Patricia Andrade-Gordon
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh Rd and Mckean Rd, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Munster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul L. Beck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, CHU Purpan, INSERM U563, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, route de Narbonne, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CHU Purpan, INSERM U563, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Bühring HJ, Treml S, Cerabona F, de Zwart P, Kanz L, Sobiesiak M. Phenotypic characterization of distinct human bone marrow-derived MSC subsets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1176:124-34. [PMID: 19796240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, we identified two distinct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) subsets in primary bone marrow (BM) that differ in their expression pattern (CD271(bright)MSCA-1(dim)CD56(+) and CD271(bright)MSCA-1(bright)CD56(-)) and morphology as well as in their clonogenic and differentiation capacity. Here we analyzed the cell surface antigen expression in these subsets in more detail and compared the profiles with the expression pattern on cultured MSCs. Most of the tested antigens, including CD13, CD15, CD73, CD140b, CD144, CD146, and CD164, are expressed at similar levels in both primary BM populations. However, a number of markers were differentially expressed. Of these, CD166 (ALCAM), CD200, and CD106 (VCAM-1) showed an almost selective expression on either CD271(bright)MSCA-1(dim)CD56(+) (increased CD166 and CD200 expression) or CD271(bright)MSCA-1(bright)CD56(-) (increased CD106 expression) MSCs, respectively. Additional markers with elevated expression on CD56(+) MSCs include F9-3C2F1, HEK-3D3, HEK5-1B3, and W1C3 antigens, whereas CD10, CD26, CD106, 7C5G1, 9A3G2, 56A1C2, 66E2D11, HEK-3D6, HEK4-1A1, HEK4-2D6, W1D6, W4A5, W7C6, and W8B2 (MSCA-1) antigens showed increased expression in the CD56(-) population. The majority of the analyzed markers found on primary MSCs were also expressed on cultured MSCs. However, in contrast to primary MSCs, HEK7-1C4, W1C3, W1D6, and W4A5 antigens were absent on the cultured counterparts. 7G5G1 and 9A3G2 antigens showed reduced, and HEK-3D6, F9-3C2, and HEK-3D3 showed increased expression on cultured cells. The extended knowledge about the phenotype of the two subsets and the identification of novel MSC markers may result in the isolation of attractive starting populations for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Bühring
- University Clinic of Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Tübingen, Germany.
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Barkhausen T, Probst C, Hildebrand F, Pape HC, Krettek C, van Griensven M. Insulin therapy induces changes in the inflammatory response in a murine 2-hit model. Injury 2009; 40:806-14. [PMID: 19167710 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic complications commonly seen on intensive care units include sepsis and associated disorders, which are accompanied by alterations in inflammatory cytokine expression patterns and in activation of neutrophils. Hyperglycaemia, often occurring after trauma and sepsis, is a further risk factor for morbidity and mortality among critically ill people. Clinical investigations have suggested that strict glycaemic control by insulin titration reduces overall mortality. This study aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiological and immunomodulative actions of insulin. Femoral fracture was induced in a murine model, followed by 1h of haemorrhage. Two days after the first hit, sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In control animals, laparotomy only was performed. Insulin in two different concentrations (10IU or 20IU) or vehicle was administered daily. Insulin therapy was associated with improvement of clinical parameters, slightly improved survival rates and, in lungs and liver, fewer infiltrating neutrophils and reduced IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression. These results suggested that, in this animal model, insulin had a direct anti-inflammatory effect that was independent of modulation of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Barkhausen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse-1, Hannover, Germany.
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Bannikov GA, Lakritz J, Premanandan C, Mattoon JS, Abrahamsen EJ. Kinetics of inhibition of purified bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 by low-molecular-weight inhibitors. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:633-9. [PMID: 19405903 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.5.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the effects of lowmolecular-weight inhibitors on the activity of bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). SAMPLE POPULATION Bovine MMP-9 purified from bovine neutrophilconditioned medium. PROCEDURES Neutrophils were degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester. Enzyme purification was performed by use of gelatin affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. Activated enzyme was incubated with inhibitors prior to addition of substrate (gelatin fluorescein conjugate or fluorogenic peptide). Rates of enzymatic cleavage were determined by monitoring fluorescence as the reactions progressed. Values of IC(50) (molar concentration of compound that inhibits specific activity by 50%) and K(I) (in vitro inhibition constant) were determined. RESULTS Rates of enzymatic activity of monomeric and dimeric bovine MMP-9 measured by use of gelatin and peptide substrates were linear with respect to time and concentrations of enzyme and substrate. The MMP-9 was potently inhibited by hydroxamic acids (IC(50) for gelatin, 29.2 to 55.7 nM; IC(50) for peptide, 4.8 to 24.6 nM; K(I), 0.2 to 0.5 nM), whereas tetracyclines (IC(50) for gelatin, 30.1 to 112.7 MM; IC(50) for peptide, 48.0 to 123.8 MM; K(I), 25.2 to 61.4 microM) and chlorhexidine (IC(50) for gelatin, 139.1MM; IC(50) for peptide, 672.5MM to 1.7 mM; K(I), 495.0 to 663.0 MM) had limited inhibition. Gelatinase-specific inhibitor SB-3CT had intermediate potency (IC(50) for peptide, 185.0 to 290.0 nM; K(I), 66.5 to 86.0 nM). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bovine MMP-9 was potently inhibited by hydroxamic acids and gelatinase inhibitor. These compounds may be useful as modulators of neutrophil-mediated protease activity in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Bannikov
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hodgkinson AJ, Carpenter EA, Smith CS, Molan PC, Prosser CG. Effects on adhesion molecule expression and lymphocytes in the bovine mammary gland following intra-mammary immunisation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 131:110-6. [PMID: 19376595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes to adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte populations were evaluated in alveolar mammary tissue collected from cows following an immunisation protocol that involved intra-mammary inoculation to induce an IgA response in mammary secretions. The right quarters of the udder were immunised; the left side acted as a control. Antibody titres in secretions showed that at least two animals responded with antigen-specific IgA. Numbers of T-lymphocytes were 4-fold higher in immunised glands compared with controls (P<0.05). IgA-, IgM- and IgG-positive cell numbers were significantly higher (P<0.01) in immunised glands compared with controls in three of the four cows. No mucosal addressin molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) or peripheral node addressin (PNAd) protein expression was detected on smaller venules that stained positively for von Willebrand factor in alveolar mammary tissues, from either immunised or control glands. Both VCAM-1 and PNAd were detected on smaller venules in supramammary lymph nodes, however, there was no significant difference between immunised and control glands. Quantification of MAdCAM-1 mRNA showed very low expression in both immunised and control alveolar tissue compared with Peyer's patch positive-control tissue. These findings suggest that the bovine mammary gland is capable of a mucosal antibody response; however, MAdCAM-1 is not involved with lymphocyte homing to the mammary gland in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hodgkinson
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Godbout C, Bilodeau R, Bouchard P, Frenette J. Thrombocytopenia alters early but not late repair in a mouse model of Achilles tendon injury. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:260-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aitken SL, Karcher EL, Rezamand P, Gandy JC, VandeHaar MJ, Capuco AV, Sordillo LM. Evaluation of antioxidant and proinflammatory gene expression in bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:589-98. [PMID: 19164669 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and severity of mastitis can be high during the period of transition from pregnancy to lactation when dairy cattle are susceptible to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of mastitis by modifying the expression of proinflammatory genes. The overall goal of this study was to determine the relationship between critical antioxidant defense mechanisms and proinflammatory markers in normal bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period. Mammary tissue samples were obtained from 12 cows at 35, 20, and 7 d before expected calving and during early lactation (EL, 15 to 28 d in milk). Enzyme activities for cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase were relatively low during the dry period, but increased during EL, whereas activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 did not change significantly as a function of time. In contrast, gene expression for these antioxidant selenoproteins and for heme oxygenase-1 gradually decreased as parturition approached and then increased during EL. The expression of intercellular vascular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 followed a similar trend where mRNA abundance gradually declined as parturition approached with a slight rebound in EL. Gene expression of the pro-oxidant, 15-lipoxygenase 1, which is known to increase during times of oxidative stress, also increased dramatically in mammary tissue from EL cows. Expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 did not change significantly during the periparturient period. Strong positive correlations were found between several antioxidant enzymes (cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase 1, and heme oxygenase-1) and vascular adhesion molecules (intercellular vascular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) suggesting a protective response of these antioxidants to an enhanced proinflammatory state. Ability to control oxidative stress through manipulation of key antioxidant enzymes in the future may modify the proinflammatory state of periparturient cows and reduce incidence and severity of some diseases such as mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Aitken
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Paintlia MK, Paintlia AS, Singh AK, Singh I. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and phospholipids metabolism at the feto-maternal interface by N-acetyl cysteine. Pediatr Res 2008; 64:334-9. [PMID: 18552708 PMCID: PMC2967178 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318181e07c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal microbial infections cause adverse fetal developmental outcomes including embryonic resorption, intrauterine fetal death, and preterm labor. Recent studies demonstrated that oxidative-stress plays an important role in chorioamniotitis pathogenesis. Herein we investigated the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preterm labor and fetal demise in murine model. Lipopolysaccharide exposure at embryonic day 18 demonstrated an increase in the abortion rate and fetal demise in pregnant rats. This was associated with increase in an inflammatory response (cytokines, chemokines, and iNOS expression) and infiltration of leukocytes (monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells) in the placenta. There was increased expression of cytosolic and secretary phospholipase A2 with increased secretion of prostaglandin-2 and leukotriene B4 in the placenta, suggestive of increased metabolism of phospholipids. In addition, expression of cycloxygenase-2 and malondialdehyde production (oxidative-stress marker) was increased in the placenta. Conversely, NAC pretreatment abolished these effects of LPS in the placenta. Collectively, these data provide evidence that LPS-induced increased inflammation and metabolism of phospholipids at the feto-maternal interface (placenta) is critical for preterm labor and fetal demise during maternal microbial infections which could be blocked by antioxidant-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet K Paintlia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Skeie JM, Mullins RF. Macrophages in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: friends or foes? Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:747-55. [PMID: 18600240 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The events that lead to choroidal neovascularization in eyes with age-related macular degeneration are poorly understood. One possibility that has been explored in a number of studies is that macrophages can promote neovascular changes. In this paper, we summarize the evidence for inflammation in general and macrophages in particular in pathologic neovascularization, and discuss how the diverse functions of these cells may promote or inhibit macular disease. We also discuss some of the conflicting findings regarding the role of macrophages in experimental choroidal neovascularization in mouse models, and suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver Family Center for Macular Degeneration, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Fei R, Fei Y, Zheng S, Gao YG, Sun HX, Zeng XL. Purified polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba leaves inhibits P-selectin-mediated leucocyte adhesion and inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:499-506. [PMID: 18358097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the polysaccharides of Ginkgo biloba leaves (PGBL) by inhibiting leucocyte adhesion. METHODS The rough PGBL were isolated and purified. The anti-inflammatory effects of purified PGBL (p-PGBL) were assayed by ear edema induced by xylol and the acute peritonitis model in mice. The effect of p-PGBL on inhibiting the interaction between P-selectin and its ligands was investigated by flow cytometry and flow chamber. RESULTS p-PGBL could effectively inhibit the acute inflammation in mice and interfere with the adhesion of HL-60 cells, a human leukaemia cell line, or neutrophils to P-selectin in static conditions, as well as the adhesion of neutrophils to Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human P-selectin and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in flow conditions in a dose-dependant manner. CONCLUSIONS p-PGBL can inhibit the inflammatory process through interfering with the interaction between P-selectin and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fei
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Wong CK, Ho AWY, Tong PCY, Yeung CY, Chan JCN, Kong APS, Lam CWK. Aberrant Expression of Soluble Co-stimulatory Molecules and Adhesion Molecules in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy. J Clin Immunol 2007; 28:36-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ellis MK, Li Y, Hou X, Chen H, McManus DP. sTNFR-II and sICAM-1 are associated with acute disease and hepatic inflammation in schistosomiasis japonica. Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:717-23. [PMID: 18001742 PMCID: PMC2757305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soluble intracellular adhesive molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and tumour necrosis factor receptors I (TNFR-1) and II (TNFR-II) have been shown to be associated with numerous liver disorders. Shedding of these membrane proteins can be triggered by the Th1 cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, which are associated with susceptibility or resistance to hepatic schistosomiasis, respectively. Further, TNF-alpha receptors and sICAM-1 have been implicated in periportal fibrosis in advanced human schistosomiasis mansoni and correlate with schistosome granuloma formation in the murine model. We measured serum levels of sICAM-1, TNFR-I and TNFR-II in Chinese patients with different clinically defined stages of schistosomiasis japonica and controls; these included 35 patients with acute schistosomiasis, 45 patients with chronic schistosome infections, 34 advanced patients with evidence of severe morbidity and 20 patients with no known history of exposure to infection. Markedly elevated levels of soluble TNFRs (sTNFRs) and sICAM-1 were observed in the acute and advanced patients compared with the chronic and control groups. Mean sTNFR-II levels were significantly higher in acute patients compared with advanced (P < 0.00001) and chronic patients (P < 0.00001) and showed the strongest association of the markers with acute disease (odds ratio (OR) = 1.099). sTNFR-II and sICAM-1 levels both correlated with infection intensity and there were significant positive correlations observed between eosinophil count and infection intensity (P = 0.0072) and sICAM-1 (P = 0.0014). Although there were significantly higher levels of antigen-specific IgG4 and total IgG in infected individuals compared with controls, none correlated with infection intensity. Further, no differences in IgG4 and total IgG levels were observed between the acute and chronic groups. The results suggest sTNFRs and sICAM-1 are associated with liver inflammation and disease progression. Measurement of sTNFR-II and sICAM-1 levels in serum could serve as additional markers for the diagnosis of acute stage disease and the monitoring of hepatic inflammation in human schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda K Ellis
- Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
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Hodgkinson AJ, Carpenter EA, Smith CS, Molan PC, Prosser CG. Adhesion molecule expression in the bovine mammary gland. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 115:205-15. [PMID: 17173979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bovine mammary gland requires lymphocytes for immune protection of the gland from foreign pathogens and, in addition, to transfer immune protection to the neonate via colostrum and milk. The process of homing primed lymphocytes to tissues is mediated by the interaction of cell-adhesion molecules displayed on the surface of lymphocytes and counter receptors displayed on the vascular endothelium. This study was conducted to identify the cell-adhesion molecules involved in homing lymphocytes to the bovine mammary gland at four different physiological stages; pregnant, colostral, lactation and involution. The expression and distribution of adhesion molecules in alveolar tissues and supramammary lymph nodes from the mammary glands of healthy cows was determined in situ by immunohistochemical analysis and compared with bovine Peyer's patch, used as a typical mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and positive control. The mucosal addressin molecule, MAdCAM-1, was not detected in bovine mammary tissues at any of the four different physiological stages. Absence of MAdCAM-1 expression was verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. Transcription levels of MAdCAM-1 mRNA were found to be more then 5 x 10(3)-fold lower in mammary alveolar tissues compared with bovine Peyer's patch tissues. In contrast to MAdCAM-1, phase-dependent protein expression of VCAM-1 was detected in both mammary alveolar tissues and the supramammary lymph nodes, with the highest expression observed in colostral phase cows. The protein expression in mammary alveolar tissues was limited to larger venules, although in colostral phase cows, VCAM-1 was also detected around the alveoli perimeter. In the supramammary lymph node, VCAM-1 protein was observed on both small and large venules. PNAd was detected in supramammary lymph nodes at all physiological stages of the mammary gland; however, it was not found in mammary alveolar tissues. Lymphocytes expressing beta7 were not detected in mammary tissues and lymphocytes expressing CD62L were only observed in the supramammary lymph nodes. Overall the data suggest that MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 are not involved in homing lymphocytes to the bovine mammary gland; whereas, VCAM-1 and PNAd may have this role in the supramammary lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hodgkinson
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, East Street, PB 3123 Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Clarke CJ, Truong TG, Hannun YA. Role for neutral sphingomyelinase-2 in tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM) in lung epithelial cells: p38 MAPK is an upstream regulator of nSMase2. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:1384-96. [PMID: 17085432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609216200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinases (N-SMases) are major candidates for stress-induced ceramide production. However, there is little information on the physiological regulation and roles of the cloned N-SMase enzyme, nSMase2. In this study, nSMase2 was found to translocate acutely to the plasma membrane of A549 epithelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, TNF-alpha increased N-SMase activity rapidly and transiently both endogenously and in cells overexpressing nSMase2. Furthermore, the translocation of nSMase2 was regulated by p38-alpha MAPK, but not ERK or JNK, and the increase in endogenous N-SMase activity was abrogated by p38 MAPK inhibition. In addition, both p38-alpha MAPK and nSMase2 were implicated in the TNF-alpha-stimulated up-regulation of the adhesion proteins vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), but this was largely independent of NF-kappaB activation. These data reveal p38 MAPK as an upstream regulator of nSMase2 and indicate a role for nSMase2 in pro-inflammatory responses induced by TNF-alpha as a regulator of adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Cheng Y, Zhang HT, Sun L, Guo S, Ouyang S, Zhang Y, Xu J. Involvement of cell adhesion molecules in polydatin protection of brain tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res 2006; 1110:193-200. [PMID: 16870162 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that polydatin, a crystal component extracted from the root stem of the perennial herbage Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc, exerts a neuroprotective effect on cerebral injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. To investigate the possible mechanism of this action, we determined the effects of polydatin on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) after ischemia-induced cerebral injury. Rats were treated with polydatin (i.v.) immediately after the operation of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h. It was found that polydatin improved neurological deficits and reduced the volume of brain infarction. In addition, polydatin decreased the levels of CAMs relative to the control (MCAO alone); these included intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, L-selectin and Integrins. These results suggest that polydatin exerts protective effects likely via inhibition of the expression of various CAMs; polydatin may be a potential agent for treatment of brain injury associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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