1
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Bestion E, Legrand D, Baines CB, Bonte D, Coulon A, Dahirel M, Delgado M, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Fronhofer EA, Gounand I, Jacob S, Kaltz O, Massol F, Mathyssen E, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Cote J. Species interactions affect dispersal: a meta-analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230127. [PMID: 38913065 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent dispersal allows organisms to seek and settle in habitats improving their fitness. Despite the importance of species interactions in determining fitness, a quantitative synthesis of how they affect dispersal is lacking. We present a meta-analysis asking (i) whether the interaction experienced and/or perceived by a focal species (detrimental interaction with predators, competitors, parasites or beneficial interaction with resources, hosts, mutualists) affects its dispersal; and (ii) how the species' ecological and biological background affects the direction and strength of this interaction-dependent dispersal. After a systematic search focusing on actively dispersing species, we extracted 397 effect sizes from 118 empirical studies encompassing 221 species pairs; arthropods were best represented, followed by vertebrates, protists and others. Detrimental species interactions increased the focal species' dispersal (adjusted effect: 0.33 [0.06, 0.60]), while beneficial interactions decreased it (-0.55 [-0.92, -0.17]). The effect depended on the dispersal phase, with detrimental interactors having opposite impacts on emigration and transience. Interaction-dependent dispersal was negatively related to species' interaction strength, and depended on the global community composition, with cues of presence having stronger effects than the presence of the interactor and the ecological complexity of the community. Our work demonstrates the importance of interspecific interactions on dispersal plasticity, with consequences for metacommunity dynamics.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Aurelie Coulon
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, Concarneau 75005, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - María Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), CSIC/UO/PA, Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación, Mieres, Asturias 33600, Spain
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Isabelle Gounand
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Paris 75005, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille 59019, France
| | | | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UT3, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Bât. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
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2
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Fronhofer EA, Bonte D, Bestion E, Cote J, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Hovestadt T, Kaltz O, Keith SA, Kokko H, Legrand D, Malusare SP, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Massol F. Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230142. [PMID: 38913061 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a well-recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in metacommunities and metafoodwebs, which are characterized by a multitude of species interactions. Since most natural systems are both species-rich and spatially structured, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here, we discuss whether knowledge from dispersal evolutionary ecology established in single-species systems holds in metacommunities and metafoodwebs and we highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the backdrop to the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations across space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known principles to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution-increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems-and an additional driver: co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches owing to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality, may lead to a slower and more 'diffuse' evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, UMR 5174, 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Department Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sally A Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Sarthak P Malusare
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur , Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille , Lille 59000, France
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3
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Edelsparre AH, Fitzpatrick MJ, Rodríguez MA, Sokolowski MB. Tracking dispersal across a patchy landscape reveals a dynamic interaction between genotype and habitat structure. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Edelsparre
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Toronto Scarborough Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Mark J. Fitzpatrick
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Dept of Cells and Systems Biology, Univ. of Toronto Totonto ON Canada
| | - Marco A. Rodríguez
- Dépt des sciences de l'environnement, Univ. du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières QC Canada
| | - Marla B. Sokolowski
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadina Institute for Advanced Reserach Toronto ON Canada
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4
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Merwin AC. Flight capacity increases then declines from the core to the margins of an invasive species' range. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190496. [PMID: 31744412 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals that disperse farther than other individuals are more likely to be on the frontlines of spreading populations and may be more likely to mate with one another as a consequence of their spatial proximity. Over generations, this process-known as spatial sorting-can produce patterns of increasing dispersal ability from a population's core towards the spreading front. By contrast, when the spread of a population is limited by the availability of suitable habitat, theory predicts that range boundaries can select against more dispersive phenotypes and produce patterns of decreasing dispersal capacity towards population margins. In a common garden study of invasive kudzu bugs (Megacopta cribraria)-which are limited by the availability of hostplants in their southern and western margins-I show that midrange individuals fly 49% farther than individuals in the core and 37% farther than individuals at margins. This result highlights that other processes, such as maternal effects or selection at range boundaries, may create more complicated patterns of dispersal ability across landscapes than predicted by models of spatial sorting alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Merwin
- Biology and Geology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
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5
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Banitz T. Spatially structured intraspecific trait variation can foster biodiversity in disturbed, heterogeneous environments. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Banitz
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept of Ecological Modelling Permoserstraße 15 DE‐04318 Leipzig Germany
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6
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Do deer and raccoons defecate in the right place? Fitness consequences of vertebrate seed dispersal for a deciduous forest herb. Oecologia 2017; 183:727-737. [PMID: 28078452 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Precision of seed placement in a heterogeneous environment is often assumed to select for the evolution of animal-mediated dispersal systems, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a multivariate sense. We quantify the microsite fitness benefits of dispersal by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) for mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), a shade-tolerant perennial herb, in deciduous forests of southeastern Ohio, USA. Micro-environmental variables were recorded at dung-deposition microsites, at rooting points of mayapple shoots, and at random (control) points in the forest. Fitness was assessed as the degree of overlap in ordinations of microsites by environmental variables. Mayapple occupied a broad sector (56%) of environment space corresponding to low and mid-slope positions, ravines, and proximity to trees. Deer and raccoon defecation placed dung in 71-74 and 86-95% of environment space, respectively, reaching mayapple microsites in 57-60 and 53-54% of cases. Deer placed dung in mayapple environment space 7-9% more often than predicted by random distribution, and raccoons placed dung in mayapple space 0-5% more often, consistent with only a modest degree of directed dispersal. Thus, the precision hypothesis is only weakly supported. The greatest fitness benefit of vertebrate dispersal appears to be the broad distribution of seeds, thereby increasing the probability of randomly reaching a suitable microsite. Imprecise dispersal suggests that secondary mechanisms of seed movement need to be explored in deciduous forest communities.
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7
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Zhang Y, Aradottir AL, Serpe M, Boeken B. Interactions of Biological Soil Crusts with Vascular Plants. BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS: AN ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE IN DRYLANDS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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8
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Henriques-Silva R, Boivin F, Calcagno V, Urban MC, Peres-Neto PR. On the evolution of dispersal via heterogeneity in spatial connectivity. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142879. [PMID: 25673685 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal has long been recognized as a mechanism that shapes many observed ecological and evolutionary processes. Thus, understanding the factors that promote its evolution remains a major goal in evolutionary ecology. Landscape connectivity may mediate the trade-off between the forces in favour of dispersal propensity (e.g. kin-competition, local extinction probability) and those against it (e.g. energetic or survival costs of dispersal). It remains, however, an open question how differing degrees of landscape connectivity may select for different dispersal strategies. We implemented an individual-based model to study the evolution of dispersal on landscapes that differed in the variance of connectivity across patches ranging from networks with all patches equally connected to highly heterogeneous networks. The parthenogenetic individuals dispersed based on a flexible logistic function of local abundance. Our results suggest, all else being equal, that landscapes differing in their connectivity patterns will select for different dispersal strategies and that these strategies confer a long-term fitness advantage to individuals at the regional scale. The strength of the selection will, however, vary across network types, being stronger on heterogeneous landscapes compared with the ones where all patches have equal connectivity. Our findings highlight how landscape connectivity can determine the evolution of dispersal strategies, which in turn affects how we think about important ecological dynamics such as metapopulation persistence and range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Henriques-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8
| | - Frédéric Boivin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8
| | - Vincent Calcagno
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis Cedex BP 167-06903, France
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Pedro R Peres-Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8 Canada Research Chair in Spatial Modelling and Biodiversity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China. Ecol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Hargreaves AL, Bailey SF, Laird RA. Fitness declines towards range limits and local adaptation to climate affect dispersal evolution during climate-induced range shifts. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1489-501. [PMID: 26079367 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal ability will largely determine whether species track their climatic niches during climate change, a process especially important for populations at contracting (low-latitude/low-elevation) range limits that otherwise risk extinction. We investigate whether dispersal evolution at contracting range limits is facilitated by two processes that potentially enable edge populations to experience and adjust to the effects of climate deterioration before they cause extinction: (i) climate-induced fitness declines towards range limits and (ii) local adaptation to a shifting climate gradient. We simulate a species distributed continuously along a temperature gradient using a spatially explicit, individual-based model. We compare range-wide dispersal evolution during climate stability vs. directional climate change, with uniform fitness vs. fitness that declines towards range limits (RLs), and for a single climate genotype vs. multiple genotypes locally adapted to temperature. During climate stability, dispersal decreased towards RLs when fitness was uniform, but increased when fitness declined towards RLs, due to highly dispersive genotypes maintaining sink populations at RLs, increased kin selection in smaller populations, and an emergent fitness asymmetry that favoured dispersal in low-quality habitat. However, this initial dispersal advantage at low-fitness RLs did not facilitate climate tracking, as it was outweighed by an increased probability of extinction. Locally adapted genotypes benefited from staying close to their climate optima; this selected against dispersal under stable climates but for increased dispersal throughout shifting ranges, compared to cases without local adaptation. Dispersal increased at expanding RLs in most scenarios, but only increased at the range centre and contracting RLs given local adaptation to climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S F Bailey
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R A Laird
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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11
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Novak S. Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution. Ecol Evol 2015; 4:4589-97. [PMID: 25558354 PMCID: PMC4278812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio-temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Novak
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
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12
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Fronhofer EA, Joachim Poethke H, Dieckmann U. Evolution of dispersal distance: maternal investment leads to bimodal dispersal kernels. J Theor Biol 2014; 365:270-9. [PMID: 25451521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since dispersal research has mainly focused on the evolutionary dynamics of dispersal rates, it remains unclear what shape evolutionarily stable dispersal kernels have. Yet, detailed knowledge about dispersal kernels, quantifying the statistical distribution of dispersal distances, is of pivotal importance for understanding biogeographic diversity, predicting species invasions, and explaining range shifts. We therefore examine the evolution of dispersal kernels in an individual-based model of a population of sessile organisms, such as trees or corals. Specifically, we analyze the influence of three potentially important factors on the shape of dispersal kernels: distance-dependent competition, distance-dependent dispersal costs, and maternal investment reducing an offspring׳s dispersal costs through a trade-off with maternal fecundity. We find that without maternal investment, competition and dispersal costs lead to unimodal kernels, with increasing dispersal costs reducing the kernel׳s width and tail weight. Unexpectedly, maternal investment inverts this effect: kernels become bimodal at high dispersal costs. This increases a kernel׳s width and tail weight, and thus the fraction of long-distance dispersers, at the expense of simultaneously increasing the fraction of non-dispersers. We demonstrate the qualitative robustness of our results against variations in the tested parameter combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, D-96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany.
| | - Hans Joachim Poethke
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, D-96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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13
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Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Shaw
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Univ. of Minnesota; St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Matti Jalasvuori
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Univ. of Jyväskylä; PO Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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15
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Edelsparre AH, Vesterberg A, Lim JH, Anwari M, Fitzpatrick MJ. Alleles underlying larval foraging behaviour influence adult dispersal in nature. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:333-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Edelsparre
- Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Anders Vesterberg
- Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
| | - Jang H. Lim
- Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Milad Anwari
- Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Mark J. Fitzpatrick
- Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto Scarborough; Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
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16
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Hargreaves AL, Eckert CG. Evolution of dispersal and mating systems along geographic gradients: implications for shifting ranges. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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17
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Kubisch A, Holt RD, Poethke HJ, Fronhofer EA. Where am I and why? Synthesizing range biology and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Qi W, Guo S, Chen X, Cornelissen JHC, Bu H, Du G, Cui X, Li W, Liu K. Disentangling ecological, allometric and evolutionary determinants of the relationship between seed mass and elevation: insights from multiple analyses of 1355 angiosperm species on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Edelsparre AH, McLaughlin RL, Rodríguez MA. Risk taking not foraging behavior predicts dispersal of recently emerged stream brook charr (
Salvelinus fontinalis
). Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Edelsparre
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Robert L. McLaughlin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Marco A. Rodríguez
- Départment des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7 Canada
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20
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Fronhofer EA, Sperr EB, Kreis A, Ayasse M, Poethke HJ, Tschapka M. Picky hitch-hikers: vector choice leads to directed dispersal and fat-tailed kernels in a passively dispersing mite. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Büchi L, Vuilleumier S. Dispersal strategies, few dominating or many coexisting: the effect of environmental spatial structure and multiple sources of mortality. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34733. [PMID: 22493712 PMCID: PMC3321035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific competition, life history traits, environmental heterogeneity and spatial structure as well as disturbance are known to impact the successful dispersal strategies in metacommunities. However, studies on the direction of impact of those factors on dispersal have yielded contradictory results and often considered only few competing dispersal strategies at the same time. We used a unifying modeling approach to contrast the combined effects of species traits (adult survival, specialization), environmental heterogeneity and structure (spatial autocorrelation, habitat availability) and disturbance on the selected, maintained and coexisting dispersal strategies in heterogeneous metacommunities. Using a negative exponential dispersal kernel, we allowed for variation of both species dispersal distance and dispersal rate. We showed that strong disturbance promotes species with high dispersal abilities, while low local adult survival and habitat availability select against them. Spatial autocorrelation favors species with higher dispersal ability when adult survival and disturbance rate are low, and selects against them in the opposite situation. Interestingly, several dispersal strategies coexist when disturbance and adult survival act in opposition, as for example when strong disturbance regime favors species with high dispersal abilities while low adult survival selects species with low dispersal. Our results unify apparently contradictory previous results and demonstrate that spatial structure, disturbance and adult survival determine the success and diversity of coexisting dispersal strategies in competing metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Büchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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D’hondt B, D’hondt S, Bonte D, Brys R, Hoffmann M. A data-driven simulation of endozoochory by ungulates illustrates directed dispersal. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Shefferson RP, Roach DA. The triple helix of
Plantago lanceolata
: Genetics and the environment interact to determine population dynamics. Ecology 2012; 93:793-802. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0742.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah A. Roach
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 USA
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24
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How Facilitation May Interfere with Ecological Speciation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/725487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the vast literature linking competitive interactions and speciation, attempts to understand the role of facilitation for evolutionary diversification remain scarce. Yet, community ecologists now recognize the importance of positive interactions within plant communities. Here, we examine how facilitation may interfere with the mechanisms of ecological speciation. We argue that facilitation is likely to (1) maintain gene flow among incipient species by enabling cooccurrence of adapted and maladapted forms in marginal habitats and (2) increase fitness of introgressed forms and limit reinforcement in secondary contact zones. Alternatively, we present how facilitation may favour colonization of marginal habitats and thus enhance local adaptation and ecological speciation. Therefore, facilitation may impede or pave the way for ecological speciation. Using a simple spatially and genetically explicit modelling framework, we illustrate and propose some first testable ideas about how, when, and where facilitation may act as a cohesive force for ecological speciation. These hypotheses and the modelling framework proposed should stimulate further empirical and theoretical research examining the role of both competitive and positive interactions in the formation of incipient species.
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25
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The ability of individuals to assess population density influences the evolution of emigration propensity and dispersal distance. J Theor Biol 2011; 282:93-9. [PMID: 21605568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the simultaneous evolution of emigration and settlement decisions for actively dispersing species differing in their ability to assess population density. Using an individual-based model we simulate dispersal as a multi-step (patch to patch) movement in a world consisting of habitat patches surrounded by a hostile matrix. Each such step is associated with the same mortality risk. Our simulations show that individuals following an informed strategy, where emigration (and settlement) probability depends on local population density, evolve a lower (natal) emigration propensity but disperse over significantly larger distances - i.e. postpone settlement longer - than individuals performing density-independent emigration. This holds especially when variation in environmental conditions is spatially correlated. Both effects can be traced to the informed individuals' ability to better exploit existing heterogeneity in reproductive chances. Yet, already moderate distance-dependent dispersal costs prevent the evolution of multi-step (long-distance) dispersal, irrespective of the dispersal strategy.
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26
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Bronnenhuber JE, Dufour BA, Higgs DM, Heath DD. Dispersal strategies, secondary range expansion and invasion genetics of the nonindigenous round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, in Great Lakes tributaries. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1845-59. [PMID: 21492265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal strategies are important mechanisms underlying the spatial distribution and colonizing ability of all mobile species. In the current study, we use highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to evaluate local dispersal and colonization dynamics of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), an aquatic invader expanding its range from lake to river environments in its introduced North American range. Genetic structure, genotype assignment and genetic diversity were compared among 1262 round gobies from 20 river and four lake sites in three Great Lakes tributaries. Our results indicate that a combination of short-distance diffusion and long-distance dispersal, collectively referred to as 'stratified dispersal', is facilitating river colonization. Colonization proceeded upstream yearly (approximately 500 m/year; 2005-2009) in one of two temporal replicates while genetic structure was temporally stable. Contiguous dispersal from the lake was observed in all three rivers with a substantial portion of river fish (7.3%) identified as migrants. Genotype assignment indicated a separate introduction occurred upstream of the invasion front in one river. Genetic diversity was similar and relatively high among lake and recently colonized river populations, indicating that founder effects are mitigated through a dual-dispersal strategy. The remarkable success of round goby as an aquatic invader stresses the need for better diffusion models of secondary range expansion for presumably sessile invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bronnenhuber
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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27
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Pennings PS, Achenbach A, Foitzik S. Similar evolutionary potentials in an obligate ant parasite and its two host species. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:871-86. [PMID: 21324025 PMCID: PMC3085125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spatial structure of host-parasite coevolution is shaped by population structure and genetic diversity of the interacting species. We analysed these population genetic parameters in three related ant species: the parasitic slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus and its two host species Temnothorax longispinosus and T. curvispinosus. We sampled throughout their range, genotyped ants on six to eight microsatellite loci and an MtDNA sequence and found high levels of genetic variation and strong population structure in all three species. Interestingly, the most abundant species and primary host, T. longispinosus, is characterized by less structure, but lower local genetic diversity. Generally, differences between the species were small, and we conclude that they have similar evolutionary potentials. The coevolutionary interaction between this social parasite and its hosts may therefore be less influenced by divergent evolutionary potentials, but rather by varying selection pressures. We employed different methods to quantify and compare genetic diversity and structure between species and genetic markers. We found that Jost D is well suited for these comparisons, as long as mutation rates between markers and species are similar. If this is not the case, for example, when using MtDNA and microsatellites to study sex-specific dispersal, model-based inference should be used instead of descriptive statistics (such as D or G(ST) ). Using coalescent-based methods, we indeed found that males disperse much more than females, but this sex bias in dispersal differed between species. The findings of the different approaches with regard to genetic diversity and structure were in good accordance with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pennings
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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28
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Quirici V, Faugeron S, Hayes LD, Ebensperger LA. The influence of group size on natal dispersal in the communally rearing and semifossorial rodent, Octodon degus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Kubisch A, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ. On the elasticity of range limits during periods of expansion. Ecology 2010; 91:3094-9. [DOI: 10.1890/09-2022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kubisch
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Wuerzburg, Glashuettenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Wuerzburg, Glashuettenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Hans-Joachim Poethke
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Wuerzburg, Glashuettenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
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30
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Travis JMJ, Smith HS, Ranwala SMW. Towards a mechanistic understanding of dispersal evolution in plants: conservation implications. DIVERS DISTRIB 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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31
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Bonte D, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ. Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Reduced dispersal propensity in the wingless waterstrider Aquarius najas in a highly fragmented landscape. Oecologia 2009; 162:323-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Riba M, Mayol M, Giles BE, Ronce O, Imbert E, Van Der Velde M, Chauvet S, Ericson L, Bijlsma R, Vosman B, Smulders MJM, Olivieri I. Darwin's wind hypothesis: does it work for plant dispersal in fragmented habitats? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:667-677. [PMID: 19659587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the wind-dispersed plant Mycelis muralis, we examined how landscape fragmentation affects variation in seed traits contributing to dispersal. Inverse terminal velocity (Vt(-1)) of field-collected achenes was used as a proxy for individual seed dispersal ability. We related this measure to different metrics of landscape connectivity, at two spatial scales: in a detailed analysis of eight landscapes in Spain and along a latitudinal gradient using 29 landscapes across three European regions. In the highly patchy Spanish landscapes, seed Vt(-1)increased significantly with increasing connectivity. A common garden experiment suggested that differences in Vt(-1) may be in part genetically based. The Vt(-1) was also found to increase with landscape occupancy, a coarser measure of connectivity, on a much broader (European) scale. Finally, Vt(-1)was found to increase along a south-north latitudinal gradient. Our results for M. muralis are consistent with 'Darwin's wind dispersal hypothesis' that high cost of dispersal may select for lower dispersal ability in fragmented landscapes, as well as with the 'leading edge hypothesis' that most recently colonized populations harbour more dispersive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Riba
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Barbara E Giles
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ophélie Ronce
- Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS 5554, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Imbert
- Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS 5554, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Marco Van Der Velde
- Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Chauvet
- Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS 5554, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
- Association Tela Botanica, Institut de Botanique, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Lars Ericson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Bijlsma
- Population and Conservation Genetics, Theoretical Biology, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Vosman
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, PO Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Smulders
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, PO Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Olivieri
- Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS 5554, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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34
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Abstract
Dispersal is a key component of a species's ecology and will be under different selection pressures in different parts of the range. For example, a long-distance dispersal strategy suitable for continuous habitat at the range core might not be favoured at the margin, where the habitat is sparse. Using a spatially explicit, individual-based, evolutionary simulation model, the dispersal strategies of an organism that has only one dispersal event in its lifetime, such as a plant or sessile animal, are considered. Within the model, removing habitat, increasing habitat turnover, increasing the cost of dispersal, reducing habitat quality or altering vital rates imposes range limits. In most cases, there is a clear change in the dispersal strategies across the range, although increasing death rate towards the margin has little impact on evolved dispersal strategy across the range. Habitat turnover, reduced birth rate and reduced habitat quality all increase evolved dispersal distances at the margin, while increased cost of dispersal and reduced habitat density lead to lower evolved dispersal distances at the margins. As climate change shifts suitable habitat poleward, species ranges will also start to shift, and it will be the dispersal capabilities of marginal populations, rather than core populations, that will influence the rate of range shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK.
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35
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Banitz T, Huth A, Grimm V, Johst K. Clumped versus scattered: how does the spatial correlation of disturbance events affect biodiversity? THEOR ECOL-NETH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-008-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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