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Giebfried J, Lorentz A. Relationship between the Biological Clock and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:260-275. [PMID: 37218867 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological clock is a molecular oscillator that generates a 24-hour rhythm in accordance with the earth's rotation. Physiological functions and pathophysiological processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are closely linked to the molecular clock. This review summarizes 14 studies in humans and mice on the interactions between the biological clock and IBD. It provides evidence that IBD negatively affect core clock gene expression, metabolism and immune functions. On the other hand, disruption of the clock promotes inflammation. Overexpression of clock genes can lead to inhibition of inflammatory processes, while silencing of clock genes can lead to irreversible disease activity. In both human and mouse studies, IBD and circadian rhythms have been shown to influence each other. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms and to develop potential rhythm-related therapies to improve IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Giebfried
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Lorentz
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Lower morning levels of cortisol and neuropeptides in blood samples from patients with bipolar disorder. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Jin N, Lee HM, Hou Y, Yu ACS, Li JW, Kong APS, Lam CCH, Wong SKH, Ng EKW, Ma RCW, Chan JCN, Chan TF. Integratome analysis of adipose tissues reveals abnormal epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin signaling in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e596. [PMID: 34923751 PMCID: PMC8684766 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jin
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allen C S Yu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing-Woei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Candice C H Lam
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon K H Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Enders K W Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Münzel T, Sørensen M, Lelieveld J, Hahad O, Al-Kindi S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Giles-Corti B, Daiber A, Rajagopalan S. Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2422-2438. [PMID: 34005032 PMCID: PMC8248996 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, with 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced within urban areas. The World Health Organization states that city planning is now recognized as a critical part of a comprehensive solution to tackle adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we address non-communicable diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease and the urbanization process in relation to environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, and outdoor light. The present review reports why heat islands develop in urban areas, and how greening of cities can improve public health, and address climate concerns, sustainability, and liveability. In addition, we discuss urban planning, transport interventions, and novel technologies to assess external environmental exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, to promote heart healthy cities in the future. Lastly, we highlight new paradigms of integrative thinking such as the exposome and planetary health, challenging the one-exposure-one-health-outcome association and expand our understanding of the totality of human environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), PRBB building (Mar Campus) Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Center for Urban Research, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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5
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Daytime variation does not impact outcome of cardiac surgery: Results from a diverse, multi-institutional cardiac surgery network. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:56-67.e44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Huang Y, Xu Y, Qiu J, Jiang C, Tan W, Tao X, Gu Q, Sun J. The impact of dusk phenomenon on total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25298. [PMID: 33787619 PMCID: PMC8021309 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the impact of the dusk phenomenon on the total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.A total of 380 type 2 diabetes who received a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs) for 72 hours were enrolled in our study, 32 of them failed in CGMs. The patients were first divided into 2 groups: dusk phenomenon (n = 95) and non dusk phenomenon group (n = 253). The magnitude of the dusk phenomenon (δDusk) was quantified by pre-dinner glucose minus post-lunch 2 hours glucose. A persistent δDusk ≥ 0 or a once only δDusk < 0 can be diagnosed with the dusk phenomenon. The participants were secondarily matched for the post-lunch 2 hours glucose to assess the impact of the dusk phenomenon on the overall glucose exposure. The impact of the dusk phenomenon was assessed on high-performance liquid chromatography assay (HbA1c) and 24-hour mean glucose.There were 95 of 348 (27.3%) participants with the dusk phenomenon in the overall population, and the median of δDusk level was -0.8 (-1.8, 0.2) mmol/L. The median of glucose differences between the 2 paired groups were 0.4 (-0.4, 1.0)% for HbA1c, 0.9 (0.2, 1.4) mmol/L for 24 hours mean glucose. The correlation analysis showed no relationship between the magnitude of dawn phenomenon and the dusk phenomenon (r = 0.052, P = .472).The incidence of dusk phenomenon is about 27.3% in people with type 2 diabetes. The impacts of dusk phenomenon on HbA1c and 24-hour mean glucose were about 0.4% and 0.9 mmol/L and the dusk phenomenon was not related with the dawn phenomenon.
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7
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Cheng AH, Cheng HYM. Genesis of the Master Circadian Pacemaker in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659974. [PMID: 33833665 PMCID: PMC8021851 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the central circadian clock of mammals. It is responsible for communicating temporal information to peripheral oscillators via humoral and endocrine signaling, ultimately controlling overt rhythms such as sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, and locomotor activity. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of the SCN, its genesis is tightly regulated by countless intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here, we provide a brief overview of the development of the SCN, with special emphasis on the murine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Wade H, Pan K, Su Q. CREBH: A Complex Array of Regulatory Mechanisms in Nutritional Signaling, Metabolic Inflammation, and Metabolic Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000771. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wade
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL UK
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9
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Tran A, He W, Jiang N, Chen JTC, Belsham DD. NAMPT and BMAL1 Are Independently Involved in the Palmitate-Mediated Induction of Neuroinflammation in Hypothalamic Neurons. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32595600 PMCID: PMC7303266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a prominent metabolic disease that predisposes individuals to multiple comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Elevated circulating levels of fatty acids contribute to the development of obesity, in part, by targeting the hypothalamus. Palmitate, the most abundant circulating saturated fatty acid, has been demonstrated to dysregulate NAMPT and circadian clock proteins, as well as induce neuroinflammation. These effects ultimately result in hypothalamic dysregulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. NAMPT is the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ salvage pathway and its expression is under the control of the circadian clock. NAD+ produced from NAMPT can modulate the circadian clock, demonstrating bidirectional interactions between circadian and metabolic pathways. Using NPY/AgRP-expressing mHypoE-46 neurons as well as the novel mHypoA-BMAL1-WT/F and mHypoA-BMAL1-KO/F cell lines, we studied whether there were any interactions between NAMPT and the core circadian clock protein BMAL1 in the palmitate-mediated induction of neuroinflammation. We report that palmitate altered Nampt, Bmal1, Per2 and the inflammatory genes Nf-κb, IκBα, Il-6, and Tlr4. Contrary to studies performed with peripheral tissues, the palmitate-mediated induction in Nampt was independent of BMAL1, and basal Nampt levels did not appear to exhibit rhythmic expression. Palmitate-induced downregulation of Bmal1 and Per2 was independent of NAMPT. However, NAMPT and BMAL1 were both involved in the regulation of Nf-κb, IκBα, Il-6, and Tlr4, as NAMPT inhibition resulted in the repression of basal Nf-κb and IκBα and normalized palmitate-mediated increases in Il-6, and Tlr4. On the other hand, BMAL1 deletion repressed basal Nf-κb, but increased basal Il-6. We conclude that NAMPT and BMAL1 do not interact at the transcriptional level in hypothalamic neurons, but are independently involved in the expression of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tran
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenyuan He
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim T. C. Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Gwon DH, Lee WY, Shin N, Kim SI, Jeong K, Lee WH, Kim DW, Hong J, Lee SY. BMAL1 Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of U87MG Cells by Downregulating Cyclin B1, Phospho-AKT, and Metalloproteinase-9. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2352. [PMID: 32231148 PMCID: PMC7178273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL1), an important molecule for maintaining circadian rhythms, inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in several types of cancer, including lung, colon, and breast cancer. However, its role in glioblastoma has not yet been established. Here, we addressed the function of BMAL1 in U87MG glioblastoma cells with two approaches-loss and gain of function. In the loss of function experiments, cell proliferation in U87MG cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BMAL1 was increased by approximately 24% (small interfering (si)-NC 0.91 ± 0.00 vs. si-BMAL1 1.129 ± 0.08) via upregulation of cyclin B1. In addition, cell migration and invasion of BMAL1 siRNA-treated glioblastoma cells were elevated by approximately 20% (si-NC 51.00 ± 1.53 vs. si-BMAL161.33 ± 0.88) and 209% (si-NC 21.28 ± 1.37 vs. si-BMAL1 44.47 ± 3.48), respectively, through the accumulation of phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Gain of function experiments revealed that adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of BMAL1 in U87MG cells resulted in a 19% (Adenovirus (Ad)-vector 0.94± 0.03 vs. Ad-BMAL1 0.76 ± 0.03) decrease in cell proliferation compared with the control via downregulation of cyclin B1 and increased early and late apoptosis due to changes in the levels of BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and cleaved caspase-3. Likewise, cell migration and invasion were attenuated by approximately 24% (Ad-vector 55.00 ± 0.00 vs. Ad-BMAL1 41.83 ± 2.90) and 49% (Ad-vector 70.01 ± 1.24 vs. Ad-BMAL1 35.55 ± 1.78), respectively, in BMAL1-overexpressing U87MG cells following downregulation of p-AKT and MMP-9. Taken together, our results suggest that BMAL1 acts as an anti-cancer gene by altering the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Therefore, the BMAL1 gene could be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do hyeong Gwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (D.h.G.); (N.S.); (S.I.K.); (D.W.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Woo-Yong Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (D.h.G.); (N.S.); (S.I.K.); (D.W.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Song I Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (D.h.G.); (N.S.); (S.I.K.); (D.W.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kuhee Jeong
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (K.J.); (W.-h.L.)
| | - Won-hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (K.J.); (W.-h.L.)
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (D.h.G.); (N.S.); (S.I.K.); (D.W.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (K.J.); (W.-h.L.)
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11
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Škrlec I, Milić J, Steiner R. The Impact of the Circadian Genes CLOCK and ARNTL on Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E484. [PMID: 32050674 PMCID: PMC7074039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates various physiological mechanisms, and its disruption can promote many disorders. Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of myocardial infarction (MI), showing that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was performed on 1057 participants. It was hypothesized that the polymorphisms of one nucleotide (SNP) in three circadian clock genes (CLOCK, ARNTL, and PER2) could be associated with MI. Statistically significant differences, estimated by the Chi-square test, were found in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between MI and no-MI groups of the CLOCK (rs6811520 and rs13124436) and ARNTL (rs3789327 and rs12363415) genes. According to the results of the present study, the polymorphisms in the CLOCK and ARNTL genes could be related to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Histology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Intensive Care, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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12
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Škrlec I, Milić J, Cilenšek I, Petrovič D, Wagner J, Peterlin B. Circadian clock genes and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gene 2019; 701:98-103. [PMID: 30905809 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian clock may trigger the onset of diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. We performed a case-control study, where we explored the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in three circadian rhythm genes (ARNTL, CLOCK, and PER2) and myocardial infarction in 657 patients with T2DM. The study group consisted of 231 patients with myocardial infarction and T2DM and a control group of 426 T2DM patients. We hypothesized that variations in the circadian rhythm genes in patients with T2DM could be an additional risk factor for myocardial infarction. The statistically significant difference was found in allelic (p = 1.1 × 10-5) and genotype distribution (p = 1.42 × 10-4) between two groups of the rs12363415 at the ARNTL gene locus. We provide evidence that genetic variability in the ARNTL gene might be associated with myocardial infarction in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Cilenšek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Petrovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Fluorescent Light Incites a Conserved Immune and Inflammatory Genetic Response within Vertebrate Organs ( Danio Rerio, Oryzias Latipes and Mus Musculus). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040271. [PMID: 30987199 PMCID: PMC6523474 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent light (FL) has been utilized for ≈60 years and has become a common artificial light source under which animals, including humans, spend increasing amounts of time. Although the solar spectrum is quite dissimilar in both wavelengths and intensities, the genetic consequences of FL exposure have not been investigated. Herein, we present comparative RNA-Seq results that establish expression patterns within skin, brain, and liver for Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, and the hairless mouse (Mus musculus) after exposure to FL. These animals represent diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles, and ≈450 million years of evolutionary divergence. In all three organisms, FL induced transcriptional changes of the acute phase response signaling pathway and modulated inflammation and innate immune responses. Our pathway and gene clustering analyses suggest cellular perception of oxidative stress is promoting induction of primary up-stream regulators IL1B and TNF. The skin and brain of the three animals as well as the liver of both fish models all exhibit increased inflammation and immune responses; however, the mouse liver suppressed the same pathways. Overall, the conserved nature of the genetic responses observed after FL exposure, among fishes and a mammal, suggest the presence of light responsive genetic circuitry deeply embedded in the vertebrate genome.
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14
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Gurel-Gokmen B, Ipekci H, Oktay S, Alev B, Ustundag UV, Ak E, Akakın D, Sener G, Emekli-Alturfan E, Yarat A, Tunali-Akbay T. Melatonin improves hyperglycemia induced damages in rat brain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3060. [PMID: 30098300 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which is characterized by the development of resistance to the cellular activity of insulin or inadequate insulin production. It leads to hyperglycemia, prolonged inflammation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is assumed to play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Melatonin is the hormone that interacts with insulin in diabetes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of melatonin treatment with or without insulin were examined in diabetic rat brain. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups as control, diabetes, diabetes + insulin, diabetes + melatonin, and diabetes + melatonin + insulin. Experimental diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Twelve weeks after diabetes induction, rats were decapitated. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, sialic acid and nitric oxide levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, myeloperoxidase, and tissue factor activities were determined in brain tissue. RESULTS Melatonin alone showed its antioxidant effect by increasing brain glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities and decreasing malondialdehyde level in experimental diabetes. Although insulin did not have a significant effect on glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase, its effects on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were similar to melatonin; insulin also decreased myolopeoxidase activity and increased tissue factor activity. Combined melatonin and insulin treatment mimicked the effects of insulin. CONCLUSION Addition of melatonin to the insulin treatment did not change the effects of insulin, but the detailed role of melatonin alone in the treatment of diabetes merits further experimental and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Gurel-Gokmen
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Ipekci
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcın Alev
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Velı Ustundag
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esın Ak
- Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dılek Akakın
- Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Pharmacology, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Tunali-Akbay
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Gubin DG, Nelaeva AA, Uzhakova AE, Hasanova YV, Cornelissen G, Weinert D. Disrupted circadian rhythms of body temperature, heart rate and fasting blood glucose in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1136-1148. [PMID: 28759269 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1347670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a progressive disruption of 24-h rhythms in fasting blood glucose (FBG), body temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) associated with metabolic dysfunction and the development of prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in overweight middle-aged (40-69 years old) humans. Increasing BT and HR mean values and declining 24-h BT and HR amplitudes accompany adverse changes in metabolic state. Increased nocturnal BT and a phase delay of the 24-h BT rhythm, deviant 24-h HR profile and a phase advance of the 24-h HR and FBG rhythms are early signs of the PD metabolic state. In T2DM, the 24-h FBG rhythm is no longer detectable, and the 24-h amplitudes of BT and HR are greatly diminished. In addition, lepton and creatinine values were lowered in T2DM. Moreover, positive correlations between FBG and body mass index, BMI, and negative correlations between the 24-h amplitude of FBG and BMI indicate that overweight is an additional factor causing disruption of the circadian rhythms. Further studies on circadian disruption as a consequence of metabolic dysfunction are necessary. The quantitative analysis of changing circadian BT and HR rhythms may provide prognostic markers of T2DM and therapeutic targets for its prevention and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Gubin
- a Department of Biology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - A A Nelaeva
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - A E Uzhakova
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - Y V Hasanova
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - G Cornelissen
- c Halberg Chronobiology Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - D Weinert
- d Institute of Biology/Zoology , Martin Luther University , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany
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16
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Matuszek MA, Anton A, Thillainathan S, Armstrong NJ. Increased Insulin following an Oral Glucose Load, Genetic Variation near the Melatonin Receptor MTNR1B, but No Biochemical Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Asian Men and Women. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196519 PMCID: PMC4510533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify biochemical and genetic variation relating to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in young, lean male and female adults of different ethnicities. Method Fasting blood and urine and non-fasting blood following oral glucose intake were analysed in 90 Caucasians, South Asians and South East/East Asians. Results There were no differences in age, birthweight, blood pressure, body mass index, percent body fat, total energy, percentage of macronutrient intake, microalbumin, leptin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, nitric oxide metabolites, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, von Willebrand factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue plasminogen activator. Fasting total cholesterol (P = .000), triglycerides (P = .050), low density lipoprotein (P = .009) and non-fasting blood glucose (15 min) (P = .024) were elevated in South Asians compared with Caucasians, but there was no significant difference in glucose area under curve (AUC). Non-fasting insulin in South Asians (15–120 min), in South East/East Asians (60–120 min), and insulin AUC in South Asians and South East/East Asians, were elevated compared with Caucasians (P≤0.006). The molar ratio of C-peptide AUC/Insulin AUC (P = .045) and adiponectin (P = .037) were lower in South Asians compared with Caucasians. A significant difference in allele frequency distributions in Caucasians and South Asians was found for rs2166706 (P = 0.022) and rs10830963 (P = 0.009), which are both near the melatonin receptor MTNR1B. Conclusions Elevated non-fasting insulin exists in young South Asians of normal fasting glucose and insulin. Hepatic clearance of insulin may be reduced in South Asians. No current biochemical evidence exists of endothelial dysfunction at this stage of development. MTNR1B signalling may be a useful therapeutic target in Asian populations in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Matuszek
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelyn Anton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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