1
|
Ma X, Li J, Li Z, Chen B, Ling Z, Feng S, Zhong Z, Peng G, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Gu Y. Analysis of fungal diversity in the feces of Arborophila rufipectus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1430518. [PMID: 39469585 PMCID: PMC11514364 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1430518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal fungal composition plays a crucial role in modulating host health, and thus is of great significance in the conservation of endangered bird species. However, research on gut fungal composition in birds is limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine gut fungal community and potential fecal pathogen composition in wild Arborophila rufipectus. Methods Fecal samples were collected from the habitats of wild A. rufipectus and Lophura nycthemera (a widely distributed species belonging to the same family as A. rufipectus) in summer and autumn. Thereafter, RNA was collected and the internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene was sequenced via high-throughput sequencing to investigate seasonal variations in intestinal core fungi, microbial fungi, and potential pathogenic fungi. Results The gut microbiota of A. rufipectus and L. nycthemera were highly similar and mainly consisted of three phyla, Ascomycota (58.46%), Basidiomycota (28.80%), and Zygomycota (3.56%), which accounted for 90.82% of the fungal community in all the samples. Further, the predominant genera were Ascomycota_unclassified (12.24%), Fungi_unclassified (8.37%), Davidiella (5.18%), Helotiales_unclassified (2.76%), Wickerhamomyces (1.84%), and Pleosporales_unclassified (1.14%), and the potential fecal pathogens identified included Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Malassezia. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that the diversity of intestinal fungi in the endangered species, A. rufipectus, is similar to that in the common species, L. nycthemera, and may serve as a basis for monitoring the status of A. rufipectus and for developing conservation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benping Chen
- Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Zhenwen Ling
- Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Shenglin Feng
- Sichuan Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Yibin, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaozhang Jiang
- Bioengineering Department, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Singh A, Shukla E, Singh P, Khan A, Singh NK, Srivastava A. Siderophore of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium origin reduces reactive oxygen species mediated injury in Solanum spp. caused by fungal pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae036. [PMID: 38341275 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to explore antifungal properties of bacillibactin siderophore produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis against fungal phytopathogens Alternaria porri and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena plants. METHODS AND RESULTS Alternaria porri and F. equiseti were isolated from infected plants of eggplant and tomato, respectively. A plate assay was employed to assess the effect of bacillibactin against the phytopathogens. The antifungal potential of the PGPR was evaluated by estimation of dry fungal biomass, visualization of cellular deformity using compound and scanning electron microscopy, antioxidative enzyme assay and analysis of membrane damage via using lipid peroxidation. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was employed to investigate changes in intracellular iron content. The impact of bacillibactin on pathogenesis was evaluated by infecting detached leaves of S. lycopersicum and S. melongena plants with both the pathogens and treating the infected leaves with bacillibactin. Leaves were further investigated for ROS accumulation, extent of necrosis and cell death. Our findings revealed significant damage to the hyphal structure of A. porri and F. equiseti following treatment with bacillibactin. Biomass reduction, elevated antioxidative enzyme levels, and membrane damage further substantiated the inhibitory effects of the siderophore on fungal growth. ICP-AES analysis indicates an increase in intracellular iron content suggesting enhanced iron uptake facilitated by bacillibactin. Moreover, application of 1500 µg ml-1 bacillibactin on infected leaves demonstrated a substantial inhibition of ROS accumulation, necrosis, and cell death upon bacillibactin treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the potent antagonistic activity of bacillibactin against both the phytopathogens A. porri and F. equiseti growth, supporting its potential as a promising biological control agent for fungal plant diseases. Bacillibactin-induced morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations in the isolated fungi and pathogen-infected leaves highlight the prospects of bacillibactin as an effective and sustainable solution to mitigate economic losses associated with fungal infections in vegetable crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinsh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Ekta Shukla
- Department of Botany, Sunbeam College for Women, U.P., Bhagwanpur, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pratika Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Azmi Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Minutillo SA, Ruano-Rosa D, Abdelfattah A, Schena L, Malacrinò A. The Fungal Microbiome of Wheat Flour Includes Potential Mycotoxin Producers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050676. [PMID: 35267309 PMCID: PMC8908971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly demanding higher quality and safety standards for the products they consume, and one of this is wheat flour, the basis of a wide variety of processed products. This major component in the diet of many communities can be contaminated by microorganisms before the grain harvest, or during the grain storage right before processing. These microorganisms include several fungal species, many of which produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites that can cause severe acute and chronic disorders. Yet, we still know little about the overall composition of fungal communities associated with wheat flour. In this study, we contribute to fill this gap by characterizing the fungal microbiome of different types of wheat flour using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Qualitatively, these approaches suggested similar results, highlighting the presence of several fungal taxa able to produce mycotoxins. In-vitro isolation of fungal species suggest a higher frequency of Penicillium, while metabarcoding suggest a higher abundance of Alternaria. This discrepancy might reside on the targeted portion of the community (alive vs. overall) or in the specific features of each technique. Thus, this study shows that commercial wheat flour hosts a wide fungal diversity with several taxa potentially representing concerns for consumers, aspects that need more attention throughout the food production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena A. Minutillo
- CIHEAM—Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería, 47007 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam (ATB), University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Presence of Marine Filamentous Fungi on a Copper-Based Antifouling Paint. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is undesirable growth on submerged substances, which causes a major problem for maritime industries. Antifouling paints containing toxic compounds such as copper are used to prevent marine biofouling. However, bacteria and diatoms are usually found in biofilms developed on such paints. In this study, plastic panels painted with a copper-based self-polishing antifouling paint were exposed to biofouling for 6 months in the Marina Bandar Rowdha, Sea of Oman. Clean panels were used as a control substratum. Marine filamentous fungi from protected and unprotected substrate were isolated on a potato dextrose agar. Pure isolates were identified using sequences of the ITS region of rDNA. Six fungal isolates (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. tubingensis, Cladosporium halotolerans, and C. omanense) were obtained from the antifouling paint. Four isolates (Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, C. omanense, and Parengyodontium album) were isolated from clean panels and nylon ropes. This is the first evidence of the presence of marine fungi on antifouling paints. In comparison with isolates from the unprotected substrate, fungi from the antifouling paint were highly resistant to copper, which suggests that filamentous fungi can grow on marine antifouling paints.
Collapse
|
5
|
Watson M, Bushley K, Seabloom EW, May G. Response of fungal endophyte communities within Andropogon gerardii (Big bluestem) to nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
6
|
Al-Shibli H, Dobretsov S, Al-Nabhani A, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rethinasamy V, Al-Sadi AM. Aspergillus terreus obtained from mangrove exhibits antagonistic activities against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7884. [PMID: 31656698 PMCID: PMC6812666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the potential of Aspergillus terreus obtained from Avicennia marina mangrove roots in inhibiting Pythium aphanidermatum and damping-off disease of cucumber. Aspergillus terreus exhibited in vitro inhibition of Pythium aphanidermatum growth. Electron microscope examination revealed that the antagonistic fungal isolate resulted in shrinking and groves in Pythium hypha. When Aspergillus terreus culture filtrate was added to Pythium aphanidermatum, it resulted in a significant increase (by 73%) in electrolyte leakage from Pythium hypha compared to the control, as well as significant reduction (by 71%) in oospore production. The Aspergillus terreus culture was also found to produce a cellulase enzyme, which is suggested to be involved in the antagonism against Pythium aphanidermatum. Adding Aspergillus terreus to soil infested with Pythium aphanidermatum significantly reduced percent mortality in cucumber seedlings by 70%. Aspergillus terreus, when applied alone on cucumber seedlings, did not show any suppressive effects on cucumber growth (length and fresh and dry weight). This appears to be the first report of isolation from mangrove of Aspergillus terreus with antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. The study indicates that fungal isolates obtained from marine environments may serve as potential biocontrol agents against some plant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Al-Shibli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman.,Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Nabhani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Velazhahan Rethinasamy
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mallet C, Romdhane S, Loiseau C, Béguet J, Martin-Laurent F, Calvayrac C, Barthelmebs L. Impact of Leptospermone, a Natural β-Triketone Herbicide, on the Fungal Composition and Diversity of Two Arable Soils. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1024. [PMID: 31134038 PMCID: PMC6524154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Impact of leptospermone, a β-triketone bioherbicide, was investigated on the fungal community which supports important soil ecological functions such as decomposition of organic matter and nutrients recycling. This study was done in a microcosm experiment using two French soils, Perpignan (P) and Saint-Jean-de-Fos (SJF), differing in their physicochemical properties and history treatment with synthetic β-triketones. Soil microcosms were treated with leptospermone at recommended dose and incubated under controlled conditions for 45 days. Untreated microcosms were used as control. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the fungal rRNA revealed significant changes in fungal community structure and diversity in both soils. Xylariales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales and Capnodiales (Ascomycota phyla) fungi and those belonging to Sebacinales, Cantharellales, Agaricales, Polyporales, Filobasidiales and Tremellales orders (Basidiomycota phyla) were well represented in treated soil microcosms compared to control. Nevertheless, while for the treated SJF a complete recovery of the fungal community was observed at the end of the experiment, this was not the case for the P treated soil, although no more bioherbicide remained. Indeed, the relative abundance of most of the saprophytic fungi were lower in treated soil compared to control microcosms whereas fungi from parasitic fungi included in Spizellomycetales and Pezizales orders increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study assessing the effect of the bioherbicide leptospermone on the composition and diversity of the fungal community in soil. This study showed that leptospermone has an impact on α- and β-diversity of the fungal community. It underlines the possible interest of microbial endpoints for environmental risk assessment of biopesticide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Mallet
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sana Romdhane
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Camille Loiseau
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR 3579 Sorbonne Universités (UPMC) Paris 6 et CNRS Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lise Barthelmebs
- Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR 3579 Sorbonne Universités (UPMC) Paris 6 et CNRS Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Balushi ZM, Agrama H, Al-Mahmooli IH, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Al-Sadi AM. Development of Resistance to Hymexazol Among Pythium Species in Cucumber Greenhouses in Oman. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:202-208. [PMID: 30673464 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-16-1680-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to characterize the common Pythium spp. in greenhouses in Oman and their level of resistance to hymexazol, a widely used fungicide in the country. Pythium isolates were obtained from soil samples, cocopeat bags, and cucumber roots collected from seven regions in the country. Identification of 80 Pythium isolates to the species level using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA showed that they belong to four species: Pythium aphanidermatum (77 isolates), P. spinosum (1 isolate), P. myriotylum (1 isolate), and P. catenulatum (1 isolate). Investigating the aggressiveness of three Pythium spp. on cucumber showed that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and P. spinosum are pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis of P. aphanidermatum isolates showed that most of the isolates obtained from cocopeat clustered separately from isolates obtained from soil and roots. This may indicate a difference in the origin of the cocopeat isolates. Evaluating the resistance of 27 P. aphanidermatum isolates to hymexazol showed that most isolates were sensitive (0.9 to 31.2 mg liter-1) whereas one isolate was resistant (142.9 mg liter-1). This study is the first to report P. myriotylum and P. catenulatum in Oman. It is also the first to report the development of resistance to hymexazol among P. aphanidermatum populations from greenhouses. Growers should use integrated disease management strategies to avoid further development of resistance to hymexazol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab M Al-Balushi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Hesham Agrama
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Issa H Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | | | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kazerooni EA, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rethinasamy V, Al-Mahrouqi H, Al-Sadi AM. Fungal Diversity in Tomato Rhizosphere Soil under Conventional and Desert Farming Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1462. [PMID: 28824590 PMCID: PMC5539375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined fungal diversity and composition in conventional (CM) and desert farming (DE) systems in Oman. Fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of tomato was assessed using 454-pyrosequencing and culture-based techniques. Both techniques produced variable results in terms of fungal diversity, with 25% of the fungal classes shared between the two techniques. In addition, pyrosequencing recovered more taxa compared to direct plating. These findings could be attributed to the ability of pyrosequencing to recover taxa that cannot grow or are slow growing on culture media. Both techniques showed that fungal diversity in the conventional farm was comparable to that in the desert farm. However, the composition of fungal classes and taxa in the two farming systems were different. Pyrosequencing revealed that Microsporidetes and Dothideomycetes are the two most common fungal classes in CM and DE, respectively. However, the culture-based technique revealed that Eurotiomycetes was the most abundant class in both farming systems and some classes, such as Microsporidetes, were not detected by the culture-based technique. Although some plant pathogens (e.g., Pythium or Fusarium) were detected in the rhizosphere of tomato, the majority of fungal species in the rhizosphere of tomato were saprophytes. Our study shows that the cultivation system may have an impact on fungal diversity. The factors which affected fungal diversity in both farms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Bulushi IM, Bani-Uraba MS, Guizani NS, Al-Khusaibi MK, Al-Sadi AM. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis of fungal diversity in stored dates. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28347268 PMCID: PMC5369213 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Date palm has been a major fruit tree in the Middle East over thousands of years, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. Dates are consumed fresh (Rutab) or after partial drying and storage (Tamar) during off-season. The aim of the study was to provide in-depth analysis of fungal communities associated with the skin (outer part) and mesocarp (inner fleshy part) of stored dates (Tamar) of two cultivars (Khenizi and Burny) through the use of Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results The study revealed the dominance of Ascomycota (94%) in both cultivars, followed by Chytridiomycota (4%) and Zygomycota (2%). Among the classes recovered, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Saccharomycetes and Sordariomycetes were the most dominant. A total of 54 fungal species were detected, with species belonging to Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Aspergillus comprising more than 60% of the fungal reads. Some potentially mycotoxin-producing fungi were detected in stored dates, including Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor and Penicillium citrinum, but their relative abundance was very limited (<0.5%). PerMANOVA analysis revealed the presence of insignificant differences in fungal communities between date parts or date cultivars, indicating that fungal species associated with the skin may also be detected in the mesocarp. It also indicates the possible contamination of dates from different cultivars with similar fungal species, even though if they are obtained from different areas. Conclusion The analysis shows the presence of different fungal species in dates. This appears to be the first study to report 25 new fungal species in Oman and 28 new fungal species from date fruits. The study discusses the sources of fungi on dates and the presence of potentially mycotoxin producing fungi on date skin and mesocarp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M Al-Bulushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Muna S Bani-Uraba
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Nejib S Guizani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Mohammed K Al-Khusaibi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siddique AB, Khokon AM, Unterseher M. What do we learn from cultures in the omics age? High-throughput sequencing and cultivation of leaf-inhabiting endophytes from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) revealed complementary community composition but similar correlations with local habitat conditions. MycoKeys 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.20.11265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
12
|
Ofek-Lalzar M, Gur Y, Ben-Moshe S, Sharon O, Kosman E, Mochli E, Sharon A. Diversity of fungal endophytes in recent and ancient wheat ancestors Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops sharonensis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw152. [PMID: 27402714 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes have profound impacts on plants, including beneficial effects on agriculturally important traits. We hypothesized that endophytes in wild plants include beneficial endophytes that are absent or underrepresented in domesticated crops. In this work, we studied the structure of endophyte communities in wheat-related grasses, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops sharonensis, and compared it to an endophyte community from wheat (T. aeastivum). Endophytes were isolated by cultivation and by cultivation-independent methods. In total, 514 intergenic spacer region sequences from single cultures were analyzed. Categorization at 97% sequence similarity resulted in 67 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were evenly distributed between the different plant species. A narrow core community of Alternaria spp. was found in all samples, but each plant species also contained a significant portion of unique endophytes. The cultivation-independent analysis identified a larger number of OTUs than the cultivation method, half of which were singletons or doubletons. For OTUs with a relative abundance >0.5%, similar numbers were obtained by both methods. Collectively, our data show that wild grass relatives of wheat contain a wealth of taxonomically diverse fungal endophytes that are not found in modern wheat, some of which belong to taxa with known beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ofek-Lalzar
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Yonatan Gur
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Sapir Ben-Moshe
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Or Sharon
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Evsey Kosman
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Elad Mochli
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| | - Amir Sharon
- Institute of Cereal Crop Improvement, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Analysis of the microbial diversity in faecal material of the endangered blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:1063-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Kazeeroni EA, Al-Sadi AM. 454-Pyrosequencing Reveals Variable Fungal Diversity Across Farming Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:314. [PMID: 27014331 PMCID: PMC4789542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oasis farming system is common in some parts of the world, especially in the Arabian Peninsula and several African countries. In Oman, the farming system in the majority of farms follows a semi-oasis farming (SOF) system, which is characterized by growing multiple crops mainly for home consumption, but also for local market. This study was conducted to investigate fungal diversity using pyrosequencing approach in soils from a farm utilizing a SOF system which is cultivated with date palms, acid limes and cucumbers. Fungal diversity from this farm was compared to that from an organic farm (OR) growing cucumbers and tomatoes. Fungal diversity was found to be variable among different crops in the same farm. The observed OTUs, Chao1 richness estimates and Shannon diversity values indicated that soils from date palms and acid limes have higher fungal diversity compared to soil from cucumbers (SOF). In addition, they also indicated that the level of fungal diversity is higher in the rhizosphere of cucumbers grown in OR compared to SOF. Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum in most of the samples from the OR and SOF farms. Other dominant phyla are Microsporidia, Chytridiomycota, and Basidiomycota. The differential level of fungal diversity within the SOF could be related to the variation in the cultural practices employed for each crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversitySeeb, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Sadi AM, Al-Zakwani HA, Nasehi A, Al-Mazroui SS, Al-Mahmooli IH. Analysis of bacterial communities associated with potting media. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:74. [PMID: 26844021 PMCID: PMC4726644 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potting media are commonly used by growers in different parts of the world for potted plants, raising seedlings and for improving soil characteristics. This study was conducted to characterize bacterial communities occurring in 13 commercial potting media products originating from seven countries. FINDINGS Bacteria were isolated using serial dilution. Identification to the species level was based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis showed the association of 13 bacterial species with the different potting media samples, namely Arthrobacter livingstonensis, Kocuria flava, Leifsonia lichenia, Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus warneri, Burkholderia phenazinium, Burkholderia sp., Ralstonia pickettii, Rhodanobacter spathiphylli, Rhodanobacter sp., Pseudomonas thivervalensis and Chryseobacterium gallinarum. Bacterial densities in the samples ranged from 8 × 10(7) to 1.2 × 10(9) colony forming units per gram of substrate. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the isolation of some potential plant and human bacterial pathogens. However, most of the isolated species were either biocontrol species or saprophytes. The study questions the ways by which these bacterial species were introduced into potting media. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the first report of most of the isolated bacteria from potting media, except B. pumilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123 Al Khod, Oman
| | - H. A. Al-Zakwani
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123 Al Khod, Oman
| | - A. Nasehi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123 Al Khod, Oman
| | - S. S. Al-Mazroui
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123 Al Khod, Oman
| | - I. H. Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, 123 Al Khod, Oman
| |
Collapse
|