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Zhu J, Liang Z, Yao H, Wu Z. Identifying Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Effectively Delivering Antimicrobial Molecules into Streptococcus suis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 39200025 PMCID: PMC11350675 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising carriers to effectively transport antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), including peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), into bacterial cells to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In this study, through the combination of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), flow cytometry analysis, and toxicity analysis assays, we investigated the suitability of four CPPs for delivering PNAs into S. suis cells: HIV-1 TAT efficiently penetrated S. suis cells with low toxicity against S. suis; (RXR)4XB had high penetration efficiency with inherent toxicity against S. suis; (KFF)3K showed lower penetration efficiency than HIV-1 TAT and (RXR)4XB; K8 failed to penetrate S. suis cells. HIV-1 TAT-conjugated PNA specific for the essential gyrase A subunit gene (TAT-anti-gyrA PNA) effectively inhibited the growth of S. suis. TAT-anti-gyrA PNA exhibited a significant bactericidal effect on serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 strains of S. suis, which are known to cause human infections. Our study demonstrates the potential of CPP-ASO conjugates as new antimicrobial compounds for combating S. suis infections. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that applying SR-SIM and flow cytometry analysis provides a convenient, intuitive, and cost-effective approach to identifying suitable CPPs for delivering cargo molecules into bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.)
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zijing Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.)
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.)
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.)
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-Breeding and Pig-Disease Prevention, Guangzhou 511400, China
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2
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Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X. Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016123. [PMID: 38634634 PMCID: PMC11237733 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including lnu, cfr, erm, vga, lsa, and sal, have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangjing He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yindi Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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van Niekerk AA, Maluck S, Mag P, Kővágó C, Kerek Á, Jerzsele Á, Steinmetzer T, Pászti-Gere E. Antiviral Drug Candidate Repositioning for Streptococcus suis Infection in Non-Tumorigenic Cell Models. Biomedicines 2024; 12:783. [PMID: 38672139 PMCID: PMC11048155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance against zoonotic bacteria, including Streptococcus (S.) suis, highlights the need for new therapeutical strategies, including the repositioning of drugs. In this study, susceptibilities of bacterial isolates were tested toward ten different 3-amidinophenyalanine (Phe(3-Am)) derivatives via determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Some of these protease inhibitors, like compounds MI-432, MI-471, and MI-476, showed excellent antibacterial effects against S. suis. Their drug interaction potential was investigated using human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP450) measurements. In our work, non-tumorigenic IPEC-J2 cells and primary porcine hepatocytes were infected with S. suis, and the putative beneficial impact of these inhibitors was investigated on cell viability (Neutral red assay), on interleukin (IL)-6 levels (ELISA technique), and on redox balance (Amplex red method). The antibacterial inhibitors prevented S. suis-induced cell death (except MI-432) and decreased proinflammatory IL-6 levels. It was also found that MI-432 and MI-476 had antioxidant effects in an intestinal cell model upon S. suis infection. Concentration-dependent suppression of CYP3A4 function was found via application of all three inhibitors. In conclusion, our study suggests that the potential antiviral Phe(3-Am) derivatives with 2',4' dichloro-biphenyl moieties can be considered as effective drug candidates against S. suis infection due to their antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Anzet van Niekerk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
| | - Sara Maluck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kővágó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Erzsébet Pászti-Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary (Á.J.)
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Gao T, Tan Y, Wang Y, Yuan F, Liu Z, Yang K, Liu W, Guo R, Li C, Tian Y, Zhou D. Theaflavin Ameliorates Streptococcus suis-Induced Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087442. [PMID: 37108608 PMCID: PMC10138674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that threaten the lives of pigs and humans. Even worse, the increasingly severe antimicrobial resistance in S. suis is becoming a global issue. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel antibacterial alternatives for the treatment of S. suis infection. In this study, we investigated theaflavin (TF1), a benzoaphenone compound extracted from black tea, as a potential phytochemical compound against S. suis. TF1 at MIC showed significant inhibitory effects on S. suis growth, hemolytic activity, and biofilm formation, and caused damage to S. suis cells in vitro. TF1 had no cytotoxicity and decreased adherent activity of S. suis to the epithelial cell Nptr. Furthermore, TF1 not only improved the survival rate of S. suis-infected mice but also reduced the bacterial load and the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. A hemolysis test revealed the direct interaction between TF1 and Sly, while molecular docking showed TF1 had a good binding activity with the Glu198, Lys190, Asp111, and Ser374 of Sly. Moreover, virulence-related genes were downregulated in the TF1-treated group. Collectively, our findings suggested that TF1 can be used as a potential inhibitor for treating S. suis infection in view of its antibacterial and antihemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong University, Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong University, Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Chang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Dresen M, Valentin-Weigand P, Berhanu Weldearegay Y. Role of Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Host Niches in Bacterial Fitness and Virulence. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040541. [PMID: 37111427 PMCID: PMC10144218 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of S. suis metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between S. suis metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in S. suis isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Tang H, Wang Y, Sun X. Prevalence of Streptococcus suis in pigs in China during 2000–2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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7
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Relationship between Penicillin-Binding Proteins Alterations and β-Lactams Non-Susceptibility of Diseased Pig-Isolated Streptococcus suis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010158. [PMID: 36671359 PMCID: PMC9854507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in both animals and humans, and the emergence of increasingly resistant bacteria to antimicrobial agents has become a significant challenge globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis for declining susceptibility to penicillin and other β-lactams among S. suis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and penicillin-binding proteins (PBP1a, PBP2a, PBP2b, and PBP2x) sequence analysis were performed on 225 S. suis isolated from diseased pigs. This study found that a growing trend of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to β-lactams including penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and cephalosporins. A total of 342 substitutions within the transpeptidase domain of four PBPs were identified, of which 18 substitutions were most statistically associated with reduced β-lactams susceptibility. Almost all the S. suis isolates which exhibited penicillin-non-susceptible phenotype (71.9%) had single nucleotide polymorphisms, leading to alterations of PBP1a (P409T) and PBP2a (T584A and H588Y). The isolates may manifest a higher level of penicillin resistance by additional mutation of M341I in the 339STMK active site motif of PBP2x. The ampicillin-non-susceptible isolates shared the mutations in PBP1a (P409T) and PBP2a (T584A and H588Y) with additional alterations of PBP2b (T625R) and PBP2x (T467S). The substitutions, including PBP1a (M587S/T), PBP2a (M433T), PBP2b (I428L), and PBP2x (Q405E/K/L), appeared to play significant roles in mediating the reduction in amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility. Among the cephalosporins, specific mutations strongly associated with the decrease in cephalosporins susceptibility were observed for ceftiofur: PBP1a (S477D/G), PBP2a (E549Q and A568S), PBP2b (T625R), and PBP2x (Q453H). It is concluded that there was genetically widespread presence of PBPs substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics.
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8
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Dong CL, Che RX, Wu T, Qu QW, Chen M, Zheng SD, Cai XH, Wang G, Li YH. New Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Biofilm Formation from Swine in Heilongjiang Province of China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010132. [PMID: 36671333 PMCID: PMC9854593 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis in Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 29 S. suis were isolated from 332 samples collected from 6 pig farms. The results showed that serotypes 2, 4 and 9 were prevalent, and all the clinical isolates were resistant to at least two antibacterial drugs. The most resisted drugs were macrolides, and the least resisted drugs were fluoroquinolones. Resistant genes ermB and aph (3')-IIIa were highly distributed among the isolates, with the detection rates of 79.31% and 75.86%. The formation of biofilm could be observed in all the isolated S. suis, among which D-1, LL-1 and LL-3 strains formed stronger biofilm structure than other strains. The results indicate that S. suis in Heilongjiang Province presents a multi-drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, which was caused by the same target gene, the dissemination of drug resistance genes, and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qian-Wei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Si-Di Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271002, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
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9
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Li S, Wang C, Tang YD, Qin L, Chen T, Wang S, Bai Y, Cai X, Wang S. Interaction between Porcine Alveolar Macrophage-Tang Cells and Streptococcus suis Strains of Different Virulence: Phagocytosis and Apoptosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010160. [PMID: 36677452 PMCID: PMC9863715 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine bacterial pathogen that activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory cytokines. Primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are inconvenient to obtain, but it is unknown whether immortalized PAM-Tang cells can replace them as a better cell model for the study of the interaction between S. suis and macrophages. In this study, the phagocytic integrity, polarization, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of PAM-Tang cells were confirmed by live-cell imaging, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and ELISA. Interestingly, the S. suis serotype 9 avirulent strain W7119 induced higher levels of adhesion and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAM-Tang cells than the S. suis serotype 2 virulent strain 700794. Prolonged incubation with S. suis caused more cytotoxic cell damage, and the virulent strain induced higher levels of cytotoxicity to PAM-Tang cells. The virulent strain also induced higher levels of apoptosis in PAM-Tang cells, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, it is the first report of virulent and avirulent S. suis inducing PAM-Tang polarization towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and p53- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in PAMs. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understand of interactions between macrophages and S. suis isolates of different virulence, and confirms that PAM-Tang cells provide a long-term, renewable resource for investigating macrophage infections with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanghui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanzhe Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.W.)
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10
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Li L, Ren J, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhao X, Hu M, Liu Y. Development of Two Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of ermB and mefA Genes in Streptococcus suis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:817-822. [PMID: 36399616 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to the pig industry and human health. The massive use of macrolides has led to the emergence of resistance in S. suis, and S. suis is suspected to be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. The mechanism to macrolide resistance in S. suis is mainly due to ermB and mefA. In this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods were developed to detect ermB and mefA genes in S. suis through turbidimetry detection. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP reactions were determined. All results of LAMP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were compared to determine whether LAMP method was accurate and reliable. The results showed that all 100 nonstreptococcus clinical isolates tested negative, indicating the high specificity of LAMP assays. The detection limit of LAMP assay was 1 fg per reaction, and 102-104-fold lower than those of conventional PCR methods. Evaluation of the performance of the LAMP assay in S. suis clinical strains revealed a good consistency between LAMP and PCR assays. In conclusion, LAMP assays are specific, sensitive, and rapid methods to detect ermB and mefA in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - JinRui Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - YanBo Luo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - YuQing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
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11
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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12
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Kittiwan N, Calland JK, Mourkas E, Hitchings MD, Murray S, Tadee P, Tadee P, Duangsonk K, Meric G, Sheppard SK, Patchanee P, Pascoe B. Genetic diversity and variation in antimicrobial-resistance determinants of non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000882. [PMID: 36326658 PMCID: PMC9836093 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in South-East Asia, with frequent zoonotic transfer to humans associated with close contact with pigs. A small number of invasive lineages are responsible for endemic infection in the swine industry, causing considerable global economic losses. A lack of surveillance and a rising trend in clinical treatment failure has raised concerns of growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among invasive S. suis. Gene flow between healthy and disease isolates is poorly understood and, in this study, we sample and sequence a collection of isolates predominantly from healthy pigs in Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand. Pangenome characterization identified extensive genetic diversity and frequent AMR carriage in isolates from healthy pigs. Multiple AMR genes were identified, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides, tetracycline and macrolides. All isolates were non-susceptible to three or more different antimicrobial classes, and 75 % of non-serotype 2 isolates were non-susceptible to six or more classes (compared to 37.5 % of serotype 2 isolates). AMR genes were found on integrative and conjugative elements previously observed in other species, suggesting a mobile gene pool that can be accessed by invasive disease isolates. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Kittiwan
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), Hang Chat, Lampang 52190, Thailand
| | - Jessica K. Calland
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D. Hitchings
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK,Present address: Pathogen Genomics Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Pakpoom Tadee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phacharaporn Tadee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Present address: Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,*Correspondence: Prapas Patchanee,
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK,*Correspondence: Ben Pascoe,
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13
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Nedbalcova K, Kucharovicova I, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Kralova N, Brychta M, Simek B, Pecha T, Plodkova H, Matiasovic J. Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates from the Czech Republic during 2018-2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1214. [PMID: 36139993 PMCID: PMC9495191 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A determination of susceptibility/resistance to antimicrobials via serotype was carried out in 506 field isolates of Streptococcus suis, originating from pig farms in the Czech Republic in the period 2018-2022. A very high level of susceptibility of S. suis isolates was found to amoxicillin, in combination with clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole potentiated with trimethoprim. None of the tested isolates were resistant to these antimicrobial substances. Only two isolates were found to be intermediately resistant to enrofloxacin in 2020. With regard to ceftiofur, one isolate was intermediately resistant in 2020 and 2022, and two isolates were intermediately resistant in 2018 and 2021. A low level of resistance was detected to ampicillin (0.6% in 2021) and to florfenicol (1.15% in 2019; 1.3% in 2022). With regard to penicillin, a medium level of resistance was detected in 2018 (10.6%), but a low level of resistance was found in the following years (7.0% in 2019; 3.1% in 2020; 3.3% in 2021; 3.9% in 2022). On the contrary, a high or very high level of resistance was found to tetracycline (66.0% in 2018; 65.1% in 2019; 44.35% in 2020; 46.4% in 2021; 54.0% in 2022). Using molecular and serological methods, serotype 7 (16.4%) was determined to be predominant among S. suis isolates, followed by serotypes 1/2, 2, 9, 4, 3, 1, 29, 16, and 31 (10.7%; 8.5%; 5.7%; 5.5%; 4.5%; 4.3%; 3.6%; 3.4%; 3.4%, respectively). Other serotypes were identified among the investigated strains either rarely (up to 10 cases) or not at all. A relatively high percentage of isolates were detected as non-typeable (79 isolates; 15.6%). Dependence of resistance upon serotype assignment could not be proven in all but serotype 31, wherein all isolates (n = 17) were resistant or intermediately resistant to clindamycin, tilmycosin, tulathromycin, and tetracycline. The resistance to clindamycin and tetracycline may be related to the high consumption of these antibiotics on pig farms at present or in previous years. Macrolides (tilmicosin and tulathromycin) and tiamulin are not suitable for the treatment of streptococcal infections, but are used on pig farms to treat respiratory infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, so they were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Natalie Kralova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brychta
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Simek
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pecha
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Plodkova
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Li H, Li T, Hu Q, Yao Z, Li L, Huang Q, Zhou R. Inhibitors targeting the autophosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase of Streptococcus suis show potent antimicrobial activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990091. [PMID: 36118193 PMCID: PMC9478340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern threatening public health. Developing novel antibiotics is one of the effective strategies to tackle AMR. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs) have been recently shown to play critical roles in the physiology and pathogenesis of several important bacterial pathogens which are regarded as a promising antimicrobial drug target. We previously reported the roles of STK in the regulation of bacterial cell division, metabolism, and pathogenesis in Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen. In this study, we firstly identified the Thr167 and Ser175 residues in the activation loop of S. suis STK (ssSTK) as the kinase autophosphorylation sites. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the autophosphorylation deficient strain resembled the stk deletion strain showing essentiality for bacterial growth in minimal medium, abnormal morphology, and decreased virulence when compared with the wild-type S. suis SC19 strain. Based on these findings, we established an ssSTK inhibitor screening approach by measuring the growth of S. suis in a minimal medium and testing the autophosphorylation inhibition by measuring the consumption of ATP in an enzymatic reaction by ssSTK. A series of inhibitors against ssSTK are identified from a commercial kinase inhibitors library, including Staurosporine, K252a, AT9283, and APY29. These inhibitors showed antimicrobial activity in vitro. Moreover, by using Galleria mellonella larvae infection assay, compound APY29 displayed in vivo efficacy against S. suis infection. Additionally, it was predicted by molecular docking that these inhibitors could interact with ssSTK. Collectively, our data illustrated the essential roles of ssSTK autophosphorylation in the physiology and pathogenicity of S. suis and consider these inhibitors as promising antimicrobial lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang,
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
- The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China
- Rui Zhou,
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15
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Streptococcus suis TrpX is part of a tryptophan uptake system, and its expression is regulated by a T-box regulatory element. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13920. [PMID: 35978073 PMCID: PMC9382623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a common member of the porcine respiratory microbiota, can cause life-threatening diseases in pigs as well as humans. A previous study identified the gene trpX as conditionally essential for in vivo survival by intrathecal infection of pigs with a transposon library of S. suis strain 10. Here, we characterized trpX, encoding a putative tryptophan/tyrosine transport system substrate-binding protein, in more detail. We compared growth capacities of the isogenic trpX-deficient mutant derivative strain 10∆trpX with its parent. Growth experiments in chemically defined media (CDM) revealed that growth of 10∆trpX depended on tryptophan concentration, suggesting TrpX involvement in tryptophan uptake. We demonstrated that trpX is part of an operon structure and co-transcribed with two additional genes encoding a putative permease and ATPase, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis identified a putative tryptophan T-box riboswitch in the 5′ untranslated region of this operon. Finally, qRT-PCR and a reporter activation assay revealed trpX mRNA induction under tryptophan-limited conditions. In conclusion, our study showed that TrpX is part of a putative tryptophan ABC transporter system regulated by a T-box riboswitch probably functioning as a substrate-binding protein. Due to the tryptophan auxotrophy of S. suis, TrpX plays a crucial role for metabolic adaptation and growth during infection.
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16
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. Due to the indiscriminate use of macrolides, S. suis has developed a high level of drug resistance, which has led to a serious threat to human and animal health. However, it takes a long time to develop new antibacterial drugs. Therefore, we consider the perspective of bacterial physiological metabolism to ensure that the development of bacterial resistance to existing drugs is alleviated and bacterial susceptibility to drugs is restored. In the present study, an untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that the serine catabolic pathway was inhibited in drug-resistant S. suis. The addition of l-serine restored the fungicidal effect of macrolides on S. suisin vivo and in vitro by enhancing the serine metabolic pathway. Further studies showed that l-serine, stimulated by its serine catabolic pathway, inhibited intracellular H2S production, reduced Fe-S cluster production, and restored the normal occurrence of the Fenton reaction in cells. It also attenuated the production of glutathione, an important marker of the intracellular oxidation-reduction reaction. All these phenomena eventually contribute to an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species, which leads to intracellular DNA damage and bacterial death. Our study provides a potential new approach for the treatment of diseases caused by drug-resistant S. suis. IMPORTANCE The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge. However, new drug development efforts consume considerable resources and time, and alleviating the pressure on existing drugs is the focus of our work. We investigated the mechanism of action of l-serine supplementation in restoring the use of macrolides in S. suis, based on the role of the serine catabolic pathway on reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress in S. suis. This pathway provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of macrolides in clinical practice and also identifies a possible target for restoring drug sensitivity in S. suis.
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17
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IPA-3: An Inhibitor of Diadenylate Cyclase of Streptococcus suis with Potent Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030418. [PMID: 35326881 PMCID: PMC8944544 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a huge threat to public health. The development of novel antibiotics is an effective strategy to tackle AMR. Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has recently been identified as an essential signal molecule for some important bacterial pathogens involved in various bacterial physiological processes, leading to its synthase diadenylate cyclase becoming an attractive antimicrobial drug target. In this study, based on the enzymatic activity of diadenylate cyclase of Streptococcus suis (ssDacA), we established a high-throughput method of screening for ssDacA inhibitors. Primary screening with a compound library containing 1133 compounds identified IPA-3 (2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-dinapthyldisulfide) as an ssDacA inhibitor. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis further indicated that IPA-3 could inhibit the production of c-di-AMP by ssDacA in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, it was demonstrated that IPA-3 could significantly inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria which harbor an essential diadenylate cyclase but not E. coli, which is devoid of the enzyme, or Streptococcus mutans, in which the diadenylate cyclase is not essential. Additionally, the binding site in ssDacA for IPA-3 was predicted by molecular docking, and contains residues that are relatively conserved in diadenylate cyclase of Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of ssDacA as an antimicrobial target and consider IPA-3 as a promising starting point for the development of a novel antibacterial.
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18
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Lunha K, Chumpol W, Samngamnim S, Jiemsup S, Assavacheep P, Yongkiettrakul S. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus suis Isolated from Diseased Pigs in Thailand, 2018–2020. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030410. [PMID: 35326873 PMCID: PMC8944821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen that causes severe systemic infection in humans and pigs. The treatment of S. suis infection relies on antibiotics; however, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global problem, pushing research attention on the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant S. suis to the fore. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 246 S. suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in Thailand from 2018–2020. The major sources of S. suis strains were lung and brain tissues. PCR-based serotyping demonstrated that the most abundant serotype was serotype 2 or ½, followed by serotypes 29, 8, 9, and 21. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the distribution of AMR S. suis serotype 29 in diseased pigs. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 35 antimicrobial agents. The results showed that important antimicrobial agents for human use, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, daptomycin, ertapenem, meropenem, and vancomycin, were the most effective drugs. However, a slight decrease in the number of S. suis strains susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and vancomycin raised awareness of the AMR problem in the future. The data indicated a tendency of reduced efficacy of available veterinary medicines, including ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and tiamulin, for the treatment of S. suis infection, thus emphasizing the importance of the prudent use of antibiotics. The widespread of multidrug-resistant S. suis strains was identified in all serotypes and from different time periods and different regions of the country, confirming the emergence of the AMR problem in the diseased pig-isolated S. suis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Lunha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.C.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wiyada Chumpol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Sukuma Samngamnim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Surasak Jiemsup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Pornchalit Assavacheep
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.C.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (S.Y.)
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19
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Gao T, Ye F, Yuan F, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhou R, Tian Y. Green tea polyphenols inhibit growth, pathogenicity and metabolomics profiles of Streptococcus suis. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105421. [PMID: 35114350 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS) is an important pathogen in pigs and can also cause severe infection in humans. Currently, more and more drug resistance is reported, resulting in the search for new drugs being needed urgently. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) was reported to inhibit many bacteria. However, SS response to GTP has not been studied before. In this report, the effect of GTP on growth, cell integrity, pathogenicity and metabolic pathway of SS was examined. The GTP inhibited growth, led to cellular damage, and attenuated pathogenicity of SS. Finally, GTP affected many important metabolic pathways of SS, such as ABC transporters, pyrimidine metabolism, protein digestion and absorption. The results provide new insight into the prevention and control of SS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Li H, Li T, Zhang L, Hu Q, Liao X, Jiang Q, Qiu X, Li L, Draheim RR, Huang Q, Zhou R. Antimicrobial compounds from an FDA-approved drug library with activity against Streptococcus suis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1877-1886. [PMID: 34800069 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global concern. Developing novel antimicrobials is one of the most effective approaches in tackling AMR. Considering its relatively low cost and risk, drug repurposing has been proposed as a valuable approach for novel antimicrobial discovery. The aim of this study was to screen for antimicrobial compounds against Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen, from an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of 1815 FDA-approved drugs against S. suis. Sixty-seven hits were obtained that showed a growth inhibition of more than 98%. After excluding already known antibiotics and antiseptics, 12 compounds were subjected to minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) assessment against S. suis. This showed that pralatrexate, daunorubicin (hydrochloride), teniposide, aclacinomycin A hydrochloride and floxuridine gave a relatively low MIC, ranging from 0.85 to 5.25 μg/ml. Apart from pralatrexate, the remaining four drugs could also inhibit the growth of antimicrobial-resistant S. suis. It was also demonstrated that these four drugs had better efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity assays showed that floxuridine and teniposide had a relatively high 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ). The in vivo efficacy of floxuridine was analysed using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, and the results showed that floxuridine was effective in treating S. suis infection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Five compounds from the FDA-approved drug library showed high antimicrobial activity against S. suis, among which floxuridine displayed potent in vivo efficacy that is worth further development. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Our study identified several antimicrobial compounds that are effective against S. suis, which provides a valuable starting point for further antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinggen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
| | - Roger R Draheim
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
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21
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Aradanas M, Poljak Z, Fittipaldi N, Ricker N, Farzan A. Serotypes, Virulence-Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates Recovered From Sick and Healthy Pigs Determined by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:742345. [PMID: 34796225 PMCID: PMC8593187 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.742345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is ubiquitous in swine, and yet, only a small percentage of pigs become clinically ill. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serotypes, virulence-associated factor (VAF), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in S. suis isolates recovered from systemic (blood, meninges, spleen, and lymph node) and non-systemic (tonsil, nasal cavities, ileum, and rectum) sites of sick and healthy pigs using whole-genome sequencing. In total, 273 S. suis isolates recovered from 112 pigs (47 isolates from systemic and 136 from non-systemic sites of 65 sick pigs; 90 isolates from non-systemic sites of 47 healthy pigs) on 17 Ontario farms were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Using in silico typing, 21 serotypes were identified with serotypes 9 (13.9%) and 2 (8.4%) as the most frequent serotypes, whereas 53 (19.4%) isolates remained untypable. The relative frequency of VAF genes in isolates from systemic (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001) and non-systemic (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001) sites in sick pigs was higher compared with isolates from non-systemic sites in healthy pigs. Although many VAF genes were abundant in all isolates, three genes, including dltA [Fisher's test (FT), p < 0.001], luxS (FT, p = 0.01), and troA (FT, p = 0.02), were more prevalent in isolates recovered from systemic sites compared with non-systemic sites of pigs. Among the isolates, 98% had at least one AMR gene, and 79% had genes associated with at least four drug classes. The most frequently detected AMR genes were tetO conferring resistance to tetracycline and ermB conferring resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin. The wide distribution of VAFs genes in S. suis isolates in this study suggests that other host and environmental factors may contribute to S. suis disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maverick Aradanas
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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22
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Dresen M, Rohde M, Arenas J, de Greeff A, Nerlich A, Valentin‐Weigand P. Identification and characterization of the cell division protein MapZ from Streptococcus suis. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1234. [PMID: 34713609 PMCID: PMC8501179 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive diseases in pigs, including sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and arthritis. Importantly, similar pathologies are reported in human S. suis infections. In previous work, the locus SSU0375 of S. suis strain P1.7 had been identified as a conditionally essential gene by intrathecal experimental infection of pigs with a transposon library of S. suis. This study aimed to identify the function of the corresponding gene product. Bioinformatics analysis and homology modeling revealed sequence and structural homologies with the Streptococcus pneumoniae mid-cell-anchored protein Z (MapZ) that is involved in cell division in different bacterial species. Indeed, depletion of this locus in S. suis strain 10 revealed a growth defect as compared to the wild type. Electron microscopy analysis of the corresponding mutant demonstrated morphological growth defects as compared to the wild-type strain, including an irregular cell shape and size as well as mispositioned division septa. Light microscopy and subsequent quantitative image analysis confirmed these morphological alterations. In the genetic rescue strain, the wild-type phenotype was completely restored. In summary, we proposed that SSU0375 or the corresponding locus in strain 10 encode for a S. suis MapZ homolog that guides septum positioning as evidenced for other members of the Streptococci family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for MicroscopyHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Unit of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of VeterinaryUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary ResearchPart of Wageningen University and ResearchLelystadThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance ResearchFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Peter Valentin‐Weigand
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
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23
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Streptococcus suis MsmK: Novel Cell Division Protein Interacting with FtsZ and Maintaining Cell Shape. mSphere 2021; 6:6/2/e00119-21. [PMID: 33731468 PMCID: PMC8546688 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00119-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of different shapes have adopted distinct mechanisms to faithfully coordinate morphogenesis and segregate their chromosomes prior to cell division. Despite recent focuses and advances, the mechanism of cell division in ovococci remains largely unknown. Streptococcus suis, a major zoonotic pathogen that causes problems in human health and in the global swine industry, is an elongated and ellipsoid bacterium that undergoes successive parallel splitting perpendicular to its long axis. Studies on cell cycle processes in this bacterium are limited. Here, we report that MsmK (multiple sugar metabolism protein K), an ATPase that contributes to the transport of multiple carbohydrates, has a novel role as a cell division protein in S. suis. MsmK can display ATPase and GTPase activities, interact with FtsZ via the N terminus of MsmK, and promote the bundling of FtsZ protofilaments in a GTP-dependent manner in vitro. Deletion of the C-terminal region or the Walker A or B motif affects the affinity between MsmK and FtsZ and decreases the ability of MsmK to promote FtsZ protofilament bundling. MsmK can form a complex with FtsZ in vivo, and its absence is not lethal but results in long chains and short, occasionally anuclear daughter cells. Superresolution microscopy revealed that the lack of MsmK in cells leads to normal septal peptidoglycan walls in mother cells but disturbed cell elongation and peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis. In summary, MsmK is a novel cell division protein that maintains cell shape and is involved in the synthesis of the peripheral cell wall. IMPORTANCE Bacterial cell division is a highly ordered process regulated in time and space and is a potential target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. Bacteria of distinct shapes depend on different cell division mechanisms, but the mechanisms used by ovococci remain largely unknown. Here, we focused on the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis and identified a novel cell division protein named MsmK, which acts as an ATPase of the ATP-binding cassette-type carbohydrate transport system. MsmK has GTPase and ATPase activities. In vitro protein assays showed that MsmK interacts with FtsZ and promotes FtsZ protofilament bundling that relies on GTP. Superresolution microscopy revealed that MsmK maintains cell shape and is involved in peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis. Knowledge of the multiple functions of MsmK may broaden our understanding of known cell division processes. Further studies in this area will elucidate how bacteria can faithfully and continually multiply in a constantly changing environment.
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25
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Songsungthong W, Prasopporn S, Bohan L, Srimanote P, Leartsakulpanich U, Yongkiettrakul S. A novel bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitor of Streptococcus suis dihydrofolate reductase. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10743. [PMID: 33604179 PMCID: PMC7866885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. It has become increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. New drug candidates and knowledge of their targets are needed to combat antibiotic-resistant S. suis. In this study, the open-source Pathogen Box compound library was screened. Thirty hits that effectively inhibited S. suis growth at 10 µM were identified. Among the most potent hits, MMV675968 (a diaminoquinazoline analog) was shown to target S. suis dihydrofolate reductase (SsDHFR) via (1) growth inhibition of an E. coli surrogate whose growth is dependent on exogenously expressed SsDHFR and (2) inhibition of in vitro SsDHFR activity. Thymidine supplement is able to reverse growth inhibition by MMV675968 in both E. coli surrogate and S. suis, indicating that a thymidine-related pathway is a major target of MMV675968. Comparison of MMV675968 with seven DHFR inhibitors representing different core structures revealed that bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with long and flexible side chains are highly effective in inhibiting SsDHFR and S. suis growth. MMV675968 and related compounds thus may serve as starting points for developing antibiotics against drug resistant S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkhana Songsungthong
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Prasopporn
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Bohan
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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26
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Wang S, Zhang D, Jiang C, He H, Cui C, Duan W, Hu S, Wang J, Cai X. Strain Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 28 and 31, Which Harbor the Resistance Genes optrA and ant(6)-Ia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020213. [PMID: 33669225 PMCID: PMC7919788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs and is implicated increasingly in human disease worldwide. Although most clinical cases are associated with serotype 2, infections by other serotypes have sometimes been reported. Here, we sequenced the genome of a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 28 (strain 11313) and a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 31 (strain 11LB5). Strain 11313 was apathogenic in mouse infection models, whereas strain 11LB5 displayed ganglion demyelination, meningeal thickening, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, massive proliferation of cortical glial cells, and bacteria (>104 CFU/g) in the spinal cord and ganglia in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry found that the heavily infiltrated glial cells were astrocytes. Strain 11313 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), optrA, tet(l), tet(o), and strain 11LB5 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), tet(40), tet(o/w/32/o), aac(6′)-aph(2″). Mouse studies showed that strain 11LB5 exhibited a similar virulence to serotype 2 strain 700794, highlighting the need for surveillance of the other serotype S. suis isolates, in addition to serotype 2, in farms. This is the first report of the aminoglycoside resistance gene ant(6)-Ia in S. suis from animals. This suggests that S. suis might serve as an antibiotic resistance reservoir, which spreads the resistance gene ant(6)-Ia or optrA to other streptococcal pathogens on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China;
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Haijuan He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Weitong Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Shouping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
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