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Longhurst P, Todd J, Aspell JE, Swami V. Psychometric evaluation of a revised version of the body appreciation scale-2 for autistic adults (BAS-2A). Body Image 2024; 49:101706. [PMID: 38552369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to unique conceptualisations of positive body image in autistic individuals. However, there are no existing measures of positive body image that have been developed or validated for use with autistic adults. To rectify this, we developed a revised version of the BAS-2 - the BAS-2A - and examined its factorial validity and psychometric properties in a sample of autistic adults from the United Kingdom. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and scale purification, we extracted a 12-item, unidimensional model of BAS-2A scores in a first split-subsample (n = 273). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional model of BAS-2A scores in a second split-subsample (n = 277). BAS-2A scores presented adequate composite reliability, measurement invariance across gender identity, and patterns of construct validity. For both women and men, BAS-2A scores correlated positively with self-esteem, well-being, quality of life, and adaptive coping, and inversely with dietary restraint, weight/shape overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and depression. Finally, BAS-2A scores demonstrated incremental validity, predicting self-esteem over-and-above body dissatisfaction. However, temporal stability of the BAS-2A over three weeks was not supported. These results support the BAS-2A as a psychometrically robust measure of body appreciation for use in autistic adults from the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Longhurst
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Elizabeth Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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van Heumen L, Krueger C, Mihaila I. The development of a co-researcher training with and for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13200. [PMID: 38389315 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To build capacity among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to become co-researchers they need the opportunity to learn about research. METHOD An inclusive research team developed an online training to support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to serve as co-researchers. Seven participants were recruited as pilot trainees. The co-researcher training consisted of two 1-h training sessions. Pre- and post-surveys and a focus group were conducted to examine participant experiences with the co-researcher training. RESULTS The participants were actively engaged during the co-researcher training sessions and shared they had a positive experience with it. They expressed that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities add value to the research team because of their lived experiences. CONCLUSION The co-researcher training can instill a baseline level of knowledge about research in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and can be adjusted for different types of research in different settings and organisations. LAY SUMMARY People with intellectual and developmental disabilities would like to learn more about research. They would also like to learn more about how to do research. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities who work on research are called co-researchers. Two researchers and a co-researcher with disability wrote together about research for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Seven people with intellectual and developmental disabilities took part in the class. They answered questions about how they liked the class. They also gave their opinion about research. They learned about what research is and how to do research. The class can be changed so that it can be used by other organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke van Heumen
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Iulia Mihaila
- Research and Evaluation, Special Olympics International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Hine R, Gladstone B, Reupert A, O’Dea L, Cuff R, Yates S, Silvén Hagström A, McGaw V, Foster K. StigmaBeat: Collaborating With Rural Young People to Co-Design Films Aimed at Reducing Mental Health Stigma. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:491-506. [PMID: 38029299 PMCID: PMC11080393 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231211454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the experience and impact of intersectional stigma experienced by rural young people (15-25 years) who have a parent with mental health challenges. The StigmaBeat project employed a co-design approach to create short films to identify and challenge mental health stigma from the perspective of young people who have experienced this phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to describe the co-design methodological approach used in StigmaBeat, as an example of a novel participatory project. We describe one way that co-design can be employed by researchers in collaboration with marginalised young people to produce films aimed at reducing mental health stigma in the community. Through describing the processes undertaken in this project, the opportunities, challenges, and tensions of combining community development methods with research methods will be explored. Co-design with young people is a dynamic and engaging method of collaborative research practice capable of harnessing lived experience expertise to intervene in social issues and redesign or redevelop health services and policies. The participatory approach involved trusting and implementing the suggestions of young people in designing and developing the films and involved creating the physical and social environment to enable this, including embedding creativity, a critical element to the project's methodological success. Intensive time and resource investment are needed to engage a population that is often marginalised in relation to stigma discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Hine
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Gladstone
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Reupert
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Warragul, VIC, Australia
| | - Lotti O’Dea
- Independent Consultant, Naarm/Collingwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Rose Cuff
- Satellite Foundation, Naarm/Collingwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Yates
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Kim Foster
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Carminati JYJ, Holth K, Ponsford JL, Gould KR. Co-designing positive behaviour support (PBS+PLUS) training resources: a qualitative study of people with ABI, close-others, and clinicians' experiences. BRAIN IMPAIR 2024; 25:IB23060. [PMID: 38603544 DOI: 10.1071/ib23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Challenging behaviours are often a significant difficulty faced following acquired brain injury (ABI), for which PBS+PLUS (a Positive Behaviour Support framework) is an effective intervention. Clinicians report experiencing a range of barriers to supporting behaviour change for individuals with ABI and require tailored resources to support the implementation of PBS+PLUS. This study aimed to describe the process of co-designing a PBS+PLUS intervention guidebook and podcast series together with individuals with ABI, close-others, and clinicians, and qualitatively examine co-design experiences. Methods The Knowledge-To-Action Framework was followed to support the translation of PBS+PLUS into clinical practice. Participants with ABI (n = 4), close-others (n = 7), and clinicians (n = 3) participated in focus groups contributing to the development of a PBS+PLUS intervention guidebook and podcast series. Following completion of the groups, qualitative interviews were conducted to understand participants' perspectives of the co-design experience. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Co-design processes are described, and participants provided practical suggestions for co-design and the dissemination of developed resources. Two core themes encapsulating four sub-themes were identified. Firstly, 'Esteeming Experiences ' described the person-driven approach of co-design whereby participants felt supported and connected with other contributors and facilitators through sharing their perspectives. Secondly, 'Empowerment ' reflected participants' increased confidence and skills in applying PBS+PLUS. Conclusions Overall, participants endorsed the therapeutic benefits of co-design engagement and high utility of PBS+PLUS resources. This study adds to the growing literature supporting the use of co-design methodology within clinical implementation, and is inclusive of individuals with ABI, close-others, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jao-Yue J Carminati
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia; and Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia
| | - Kristian Holth
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia; and Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia; and Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia
| | - Kate Rachel Gould
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia; and Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia
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Diaz MA, Angus FC, Bickenbach JE. Perceived barriers and facilitators to good end of life care: Focusing on people with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13186. [PMID: 38097500 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities are often left out of research on important topics. This exploratory study investigated their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing care at end of life, both at home and in a hospice setting. METHOD This qualitative study used reflexive thematic analysis. Two focus groups were held via Zoom with a total of four participants. RESULTS Three themes were produced: Unsettling Transitions, Maintaining Familiarity, and Respecting People's Wishes. Keeping things as unchanged as possible at end of life was highlighted as an ideal. Respecting people's wishes and education were highlighted as facilitators to good end of life care. CONCLUSIONS The themes identified in this study highlight the fears and wishes of this population with regards to receiving quality end of life care. Training for staff and families, as well as advanced care planning, could focus on enhancing facilitators and decreasing barriers for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome E Bickenbach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Ghaderi G, Cobigo V. Exploring the complex cognitive, affective and behavioural processes of individuals with intellectual disabilities in financially abusive situations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13196. [PMID: 38369313 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the cognitive processes of individuals with intellectual disabilities in financially abusive situations is critical to develop effective prevention strategies. AIMS This study investigated how persons with intellectual disabilities define and analyse financially abusive situations, and how they would feel and act in situations that they consider abusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve participants with intellectual disabilities participated in a semi-structured interview where they were asked to reflect on three vignettes illustrating financial abuse. We analysed the interviews using thematic analysis. FINDINGS The findings revealed that individuals with intellectual disabilities considered the type of relationship between the victims and the perpetrators, the behavioural patterns of the perpetrators, and their own experiences when interpreting the situation. Furthermore, they discussed their emotional and behavioural reactions to the vignettes. CONCLUSION This study has important implications in supporting the autonomy and decision-making rights of persons with intellectual disabilities regarding their finances and developing effective preventions against financial abuse among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Ghaderi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wythe H, Attavar R, Jones J, Kelly J, Palmer C, Jenkins L, Dekker R, Fearns D, Watkins S, Hunt A, Pattison N. Evaluating the usefulness of a wordless picture book for adults with intellectual disabilities about the COVID-19 vaccination programme using co-production: The CAREVIS study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13203. [PMID: 38369311 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the usefulness of a co-designed wordless book showing processes of receiving COVID-19 vaccines designed by, and for, adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A qualitative evaluation of the resource using mixed methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with intellectual disabilities, carers and health professionals about resource content, and use. This was analysed thematically. A survey was circulated to intellectual disabilities networks to understand resource need, use, sharing and content. RESULTS Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine was a process, not a single event using one resource. A visual resource had a place in facilitating conversations about vaccines between people with intellectual disabilities and carers. Differing perspectives were expressed regarding personal needs, existing awareness of vaccine programmes and communication preferences. Changes were suggested to improve the suggested storyline and relevance around COVID-19 restrictions changing. CONCLUSION A visual resource may help conversations about the COVID-19 vaccine for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wythe
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Raj Attavar
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Julia Jones
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jackie Kelly
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Debra Fearns
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Scott Watkins
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Anne Hunt
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Natalie Pattison
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
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Sumner J, Ng CWT, Teo KEL, Peh ALT, Lim YW. Co-designing care for multimorbidity: a systematic review. BMC Med 2024; 22:58. [PMID: 38321495 PMCID: PMC10848537 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-design of health care enables patient-centredness by partnering patients, clinicians and other stakeholders together to create services. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of co-designed health interventions for people living with multimorbidity and assessed (a) their effectiveness in improving health outcomes, (b) the co-design approaches used and (c) barriers and facilitators to the co-design process with people living with multimorbidity. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO between 2000 and March 2022. Included experimental studies were quality assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB-2 and ROBINS-I). RESULTS We screened 14,376 reports, with 13 reports meeting the eligibility criteria. Two reported health and well-being outcomes: one randomised clinical trial (n = 134) and one controlled cohort (n = 1933). Outcome measures included quality of life, self-efficacy, well-being, anxiety, depression, functional status, healthcare utilisation and mortality. Outcomes favouring the co-design interventions compared to control were minimal, with only 4 of 17 outcomes considered beneficial. Co-design approaches included needs assessment/ideation (12 of 13), prototype (11 of 13), pilot testing (5 of 13) (i.e. focus on usability) and health and well-being evaluations (2 of 13). Common challenges to the co-design process include poor stakeholder interest, passive participation, power imbalances and a lack of representativeness in the design group. Enablers include flexibility in approach, smaller group work, advocating for stakeholders' views and commitment to the process or decisions made. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review of co-design health interventions, we found that few projects assessed health and well-being outcomes, and the observed health and well-being benefits were minimal. The intensity and variability in the co-design approaches were substantial, and challenges were evident. Co-design aided the design of novel services and interventions for those with multimorbidity, improving their relevance, usability and acceptability. However, the clinical benefits of co-designed interventions for those with multimorbidity are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sumner
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Adena Li Tyin Peh
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Lim
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Di Lorito C, Griffiths S, Poole M, Kaviraj C, Robertson M, Cutler N, Wilcock J. Patient and public involvement and engagement with underserved communities in dementia research: Reporting on a partnership to co-design a website for postdiagnostic dementia support. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13992. [PMID: 38376077 PMCID: PMC10877991 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the advancements in Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE), the voices of traditionally underserved groups are still poorly reflected in dementia research. This study aimed to report on a PPIE partnership between academics and members of the public from underserved communities to co-design Forward with Dementia-Social Care, a resource and information website supporting people receiving a dementia diagnosis. METHODS The PPIE partnership was set up in four stages: 1-identifying communities that have been under-represented from PPIE in dementia research; 2-recruiting PPIE partners from these communities; 3-supporting PPIE partners to become confident to undertake their research roles and 4-undertaking research co-design activities in an equitable fashion. RESULTS To address under-representation from PPIE in dementia research we recruited seven PPIE partners from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ communities; remote/rural area; religious minorities and partners living with rare forms of dementia. The partners met regularly throughout the project to oversee new sections for the study website, refine existing content and promote the website within their communities. CONCLUSION Strategies can be used to successfully recruit and involve PPIE partners from underserved communities in co-design activities. These include networking with community leaders, developing terms of reference, setting out 'rules of engagement', and investing adequate resources and time for accessible and equitable involvement. These efforts facilitate the co-design of research outputs that reflect the diversity and complexity of UK contemporary society. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study received support from seven members of the public with lived experience of dementia from communities that have been traditionally underserved in dementia research. These seven members of the public undertook the role of partners in the study. They all equally contributed to the study design, recruitment of participants, development and revision of topic guides for the interviews and development of the website. Three of these partners were also co-authors of this paper. On top of the activities shared with the other partners, they contributed to write independently of the academic team the section in this paper titled 'Partners' experiences, benefits and challenges of the partnership'. Further, they provided input in other sections of the paper on a par with the other (academic) co-authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Lorito
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sarah Griffiths
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marie Poole
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Chandrika Kaviraj
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Martin Robertson
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Neil Cutler
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jane Wilcock
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population HealthCentre for Ageing Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Garcia-Lee B, Strnadová I, Dowse L. Researching belonging in the context of research with people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of inclusive approaches. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13178. [PMID: 37994268 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In disability studies belonging is emerging as a promising area of study. Inclusive research, based as it is on lived experience perspectives, is likely to provide salient insights into belonging in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A systematic review utilising four databases and five leading journals in the field of intellectual disabilities was used. Content analysis and a deductive synthesis of the extracted data was undertaken. RESULTS A high level of confluence was found between the findings of the included studies and key themes of belonging identified in the wider literature. Beyond this, studies utilising inclusive research approaches have contributed novel findings about belonging in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Inclusive research approaches to belonging may provide innovative and responsive frameworks to support people to develop a sense of being connected and "at home" in themselves and in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Garcia-Lee
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Inclusive Research Development Officer, UNSW Disability Innovation Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iva Strnadová
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Inclusive Research Development Officer, UNSW Disability Innovation Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne Dowse
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Carminati JYJ, Ponsford JL, Gould KR. "This group… I felt like I was medicating myself from this cyberscam illness that was living with me." A qualitative evaluation of co-designing cybersafety training resources with and for people with acquired brain injury. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3719-3729. [PMID: 36342759 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2139418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whilst anyone can be scammed, individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) may have unique risk factors to cyberscams for which tailored interventions are required. To address this, a co-design approach was utilised to develop cybersafety resources with people with living experience of ABI and scams. This study aimed to evaluate the co-design experience to inform future utilisation of co-design methods. METHOD Semi-structured qualitative interviews explored perceived benefits and challenges, level of support and the co-design process for people with ABI (n= 7) and an attendant care worker (ACW) (n= 1). Transcripts were analysed using a six-stage reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Five themes were identified: "An Intervention Addressing Shame"; "Feeling Validated and Valued"; "Experiencing a 'Profound Change Amongst a Group of Peers'"; 'Gaining Stronger Scam Awareness'; and 'Taking Ownership'. Adjustments to support communication, memory impairments and fatigue in the co-design process were recommended. CONCLUSIONS Participant reflections on the co-design process extended beyond resource design and highlighted therapeutic benefits of increased insight and emotional recovery from shame. Likely mechanisms underpinning these benefits were the peer group format and opportunities to make meaningful contributions. Despite identified challenges in facilitating co-design projects, the practical and emotional benefits reported by participants underscore the value of co-design with people with ABI. Implications for rehabilitationIndividuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) may be at increased risk of cyberscams due to cognitive impairments, for which tailored cyberscam interventions are required.Using a co-design approach maximises the relevance of training resources for individuals with ABI.Using a collaborative co-design approach to developing cybersafety training resources may facilitate scam awareness and peer support.Support for communication, memory impairments and fatigue may be necessary in co-design efforts with people with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jao-Yue J Carminati
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - Kate Rachel Gould
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
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Ghaderi G, Milley P, Lysaght R, Cobigo V. Including people with intellectual and other cognitive disabilities in research and evaluation teams: A scoping review of the empirical knowledge base. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231189912. [PMID: 37463247 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231189912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a rapid scoping review of empirical studies to identify how persons with intellectual and other cognitive disabilities have been engaged as active members of research and evaluation teams. We conducted a literature search using a systematic method that accessed peer reviewed studies in relevant library databases and all major evaluation journals. The search resulted in 6,624 potential articles, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria for this study. The findings address three categories of interest: 1) methodological underpinnings and practical justifications for using inclusive approaches, 2) different inclusion processes, and 3) reflections by researchers with and without intellectual and other cognitive disabilities. Findings provide conceptual and practical insights for researchers and evaluators when designing inclusive methods involving persons with intellectual and other cognitive disabilities. Gaps in inclusive research and evaluation are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Ghaderi
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Milley
- Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rosemary Lysaght
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kirova AM, Jakab T, Bartsch G, Corazzini S, Sokoloff A, Delahunty E, Seymour R, Rubenstein E. Developing and implementing a public health co-research program for Special Olympics athletes. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37337242 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are often the subject of research while rarely being included in formulating research questions, planning studies, and making decisions related to protocols and analyses. In turn, most research regarding people with intellectual and developmental disabilities is not carried out by researchers with disabilities themselves. We developed a co-research training program where individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities were taught about research. The program was designed using best practices and existing materials resources. We recruited four participants from Special Olympics Massachusetts and conducted the training in the Fall of 2021. We evaluated the program with surveys, qualitative interviews, and tracking continued involvement of co-researchers in research projects. Participants were partners in the evaluation process. The training program was six sessions and included lessons about why research is important, how to conduct research, and an experiential learning project where co-researchers conducted a study of their coaches. The program was well received by participants, and one year later they were still involved with research projects. A co-researcher training focused on public health for Special Olympics athletes is feasible and beneficial for athletes, researchers, and Special Olympics programs. However, there are still barriers like a lack of funding and time, that need to be addressed to ensure wide program success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Jakab
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Bartsch
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Rubenstein
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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McGrane N, Dunbar P, Keyes LM. To summarise the approach to and findings of the PPIE undertaken as part of a programme of secondary research with a vulnerable, hard to reach population during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37165377 PMCID: PMC10171140 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public and patient involvement and engagement (PPIE) is an important part of research. The inclusion of PPIE in research is becoming more widespread, however, there are some areas where it is still uncommon. For example, undertaking PPIE in secondary analysis projects is uncommon and PPIE with difficult to reach populations and vulnerable groups can be seen as being too difficult to facilitate. The aim was to summarise the approach to and findings of the PPIE undertaken as part of a programme of secondary analysis with a vulnerable, hard to reach population; residents of residential care facilities (RCFs), during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS As part of a project to develop a publically available database of statutory notifications of adverse events from RCFs in Ireland, residents (n = 9) from RCFs for older people and people with disability were telephone interviewed. Residents were engaged through gatekeepers and posted participant information and consent forms. Themes were identified using content analyses of interview notes. RESULTS Three parent themes were identified, each with two subthemes: privacy concerns, enthusiasm and dissemination of research findings. Residents highlighted the importance that no personal information be shared in the database. Once data were anonymized, residents thought that the database should be published and shared. Residents reported being happy about research being undertaken using the data and thought that publishing the database would help inform the public about RCFs. Completing a PPIE project with a vulnerable group during the global COVID-19 pandemic required planning and resources. Resources included finances, time and expertise. CONCLUSIONS The involvement of residents informed the data inclusion in the published database and the approach taken in the protection of personal data. Enthusiasm for publication and research using the database by residents encouraged the developers as it was considered something that was wanted by residents. The benefits of PPIE can be achieved with vulnerable groups during unprecedented times with the appropriate planning. It requires dedication of time, finances and expertise. Overcoming the obstacles was achievable and worthwhile. The approach outlined can be used as an example to support PPIE in secondary analysis projects and or with vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall McGrane
- Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Unit 1301, City Gate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Dunbar
- Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Unit 1301, City Gate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura M Keyes
- Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Unit 1301, City Gate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland.
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15
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Hewitt O, Langdon PE, Tapp K, Larkin M. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of inclusive health and social care research with people with intellectual disabilities: How are co‐researchers involved and what are their experiences? JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hewitt
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Learning Disability Services Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust 3 Floor, Fitzwilliam House, Skimped Hill Lane Bracknell RG12 1BQ UK
| | - Peter E. Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Rainbow Unit Brooklands Hospital Marston Green Birmingham B37 5RY UK
| | - Katherine Tapp
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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16
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Hewitt OM, Langdon PE, Hales SA, Larkin M. The phenomenology of mental imagery in people with intellectual disabilities. Psychol Psychother 2023; 96:25-39. [PMID: 36018277 PMCID: PMC10087696 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mental imagery is important in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders and well-being but has been neglected in people with intellectual disabilities. A detailed idiographic analysis of the lived experience of mental imagery in this population is presented. DESIGN This qualitative study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). It involved inclusive research methods with people with intellectual disabilities and other stakeholders (including family members, advocates, support workers and intellectual disability service managers). METHODS Ten individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with mild-moderate intellectual disabilities. Participants were opportunistically sampled through organisations providing community services to people with intellectual disabilities in the UK. Two men and eight women (mean age 43 years) participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and analysed using IPA. RESULTS People with intellectual disabilities are able to experience a range of rich and detailed mental images across all sensory modalities. Participants reported changes in affect based on mental imagery, and an ability to experience both spontaneous and deliberate mental images. The emotional saliency of the object of mental imagery appeared to influence participants' ability to engage with imagery. A number of adaptations make mental imagery more accessible and easier to report. The ability of people with intellectual disabilities to experience vivid mental imagery has important clinical implications for the use of a range of mental imagery interventions with this population. CONCLUSIONS The need to consider mental imagery interventions for this population, and how these can be adapted to ensure accessibility is a priority for people with intellectual disabilities and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Mary Hewitt
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Learning Disability Services, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Peter E Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Rainbow Unit, Brooklands Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Susie A Hales
- Emotion and Mental Imagery Lab (EMIL), Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Larkin
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Javanparast S, Robinson S, Kitson A, Arciuli J. Embedding research codesign knowledge and practice: Learnings from researchers in a new research institute in Australia. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 36476374 PMCID: PMC9730560 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-022-00392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research codesign is generally defined as end-users' involvement in planning, implementation, and evaluation of projects. Recently, there has been a growing interest in codesign to maximise research acceptability, applicability, and impact and to address longstanding issues around power and depth of involvement. Frameworks have been developed to assist in understanding research codesign processes at a project level. However, little is known about how university based researchers construct or adopt a coherent approach to sustain research codesign in governance, methodological approaches, and practice. This study investigated the perspectives of researchers within a newly formed research institute about principles and practices of research codesign in the context of their previous and current projects. We also investigated their perceptions of institution-level enablers and barriers to codesign. University based researchers are our primary focus here and we intend to consult other stakeholders in future work. METHODS Using an interview guide informed by exploratory work and a scoping review of the literature, we conducted 15 individual interviews with Caring Futures Institute (CFI) leaders and researchers at different career stages working across multiple areas of health, care, and social research. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS The researchers we interviewed were involved in projects ranging from large nationally funded projects to small studies funded by the university or PhD projects. Research codesign activities were generally part of larger researcher-led projects but there were a few examples of community-led projects. There was agreement amongst participants on the principles and perceived benefits of research codesign such as partnership, co-learning, and power sharing. Less agreement was found regarding the definition of research codesign and best terminology to be used. Themes reflecting the success of research codesign included pre-existing community relationships, communication skills, knowledge, and training on codesign, balancing power relationships, use of external facilitators, and adequacy of funding, time, and resources. CONCLUSIONS The study reaffirmed the complexity of research codesign from researchers' perspectives and identified areas of potential action that may be beneficial for university based research institutions in building codesign skills, capacity and culture for example training, peer learning and funding support. Implications for practice improvement centre on a dual strategy of building practical capacity in researchers and integrating institutional dimensions (such as governance and leadership) into codesign frameworks. This can help to ensure research codesign is integrated into organisational culture and through the work of individual researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Javanparast
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Present Address: Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Robinson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison Kitson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanne Arciuli
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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18
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Singh H, Nelson MLA, Martyniuk J, Colquhoun H, Munce S, Cameron JI, Kokorelias KM, Pakkal O, Kuluski K. Scoping review protocol of the use of codesign methods in stroke intervention development. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065150. [PMID: 36410803 PMCID: PMC9680189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Codesign is an emerging research method to enhance intervention development by actively engaging non-researchers (eg, people who have had a stroke, caregivers and clinicians) in research. The involvement of non-researchers in research is becoming increasingly popular within health studies as it may produce more relevant and effective findings. The stroke population commonly exhibits challenges such as aphasia and cognitive changes that may limit their participation in codesign. However, the use of codesign within the stroke literature has not been comprehensively reviewed. This scoping review will determine: (1) what is the extent, range and nature of stroke research that has used codesign methods? (2) What codesign methods have been used to develop stroke interventions? (3) What considerations for codesigning interventions with people who have stroke are not captured in the findings? METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a protocol for a scoping review to identify the literature relating to stroke, and codesign will be conducted on OVID Medline, OVID Embase, OVID PsychINFO, EBSCO CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PEDro-Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Global Index Medicus. Studies of any design and publication date will be included. Title and abstract and full-text review will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted, collated and then summarised descriptively using quantitative (eg, numerical descriptions) and qualitative (eg, textual descriptions) methods. Numerical summaries will map the extent (eg, number of studies), range (eg, types of studies) and nature (eg, types of interventions developed) of the literature on this topic. A thematic analysis will provide insights into the codesign methods (eg, activities, non-researchers), including heterogeneity across and within studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review protocol does not require ethics approval as data has not been collected/analysed. The findings will highlight opportunities and recommendations to inform future codesign research in stroke and other populations who exhibit similar challenges/disabilities, and they will be disseminated via publications, presentations and stakeholder meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERREGISTRATION Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/NSD2W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle LA Nelson
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Martyniuk
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Colquhoun
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Munce
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill I Cameron
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Marie Kokorelias
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oya Pakkal
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry Kuluski
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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19
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St John BM, Hickey E, Kastern E, Russell C, Russell T, Mathy A, Peterson B, Wigington D, Pellien C, Caudill A, Hladik L, Ausderau KK. Opening the door to university health research: recommendations for increasing accessibility for individuals with intellectual disability. Int J Equity Health 2022. [PMID: 36088334 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01730-4/tables/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in health equity rely on representation of diverse groups in population health research samples. Despite progress in the diversification of research samples, continued expansion to include systematically excluded groups is needed to address health inequities. One such group that is infrequently represented in population health research are adults with intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability experience pervasive health disparities. Representation in population health research is crucial to determine the root causes of inequity, understand the health of diverse populations, and address health disparities. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations for researchers to increase the accessibility of university health research and to support the inclusion of adults with intellectual disability as participants in health research. METHODS A comprehensive literature review, consultation with the university ethics review board, and review of United States federal regulations was completed to identify barriers to research participation for individuals with intellectual disability. A collaborative stakeholder working group developed recommendations and products to increase the accessibility of university research for participants with intellectual disability. RESULTS Eleven key barriers to research participation were identified including gaps in researchers' knowledge, lack of trust, accessibility and communication challenges, and systematic exclusion among others. Together the stakeholder working group compiled seven general recommendations for university health researchers to guide inclusion efforts. Recommendations included: 1) address the knowledge gap, 2) build community partnerships, 3) use plain language, 4) simplify consent and assent processes, 5) establish research capacity to consent, 6) offer universal supports and accommodations, and 7) practice accessible dissemination. In addition, four products were created as part of the stakeholder working group to be shared with researchers to support the inclusion of participants with intellectual disability. 1) Supports I Need Checklist, 2) Plain language glossary of health and research terms, 3) Understanding Consent and Assent in Plain Language, 4) Easy-Read Paper Template. CONCLUSION Community members and individuals with intellectual disability want to be included in research and are eager to engage as research participants. It is the responsibility of the researcher to open the door to university health research. The recommendations discussed in this paper could increase accessibility for a broader range of research participants and, in particular, promote the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability to advance health equity in population health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M St John
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Emily Hickey
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Chad Russell
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tina Russell
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ashley Mathy
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
- Special Olympics Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brogan Peterson
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
- Special Olympics Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Casey Pellien
- Institutional Review Board, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allison Caudill
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Libby Hladik
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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St. John BM, Hickey E, Kastern E, Russell C, Russell T, Mathy A, Peterson B, Wigington D, Pellien C, Caudill A, Hladik L, Ausderau KK. Opening the door to university health research: recommendations for increasing accessibility for individuals with intellectual disability. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:130. [PMID: 36088334 PMCID: PMC9464400 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in health equity rely on representation of diverse groups in population health research samples. Despite progress in the diversification of research samples, continued expansion to include systematically excluded groups is needed to address health inequities. One such group that is infrequently represented in population health research are adults with intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability experience pervasive health disparities. Representation in population health research is crucial to determine the root causes of inequity, understand the health of diverse populations, and address health disparities. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations for researchers to increase the accessibility of university health research and to support the inclusion of adults with intellectual disability as participants in health research. METHODS A comprehensive literature review, consultation with the university ethics review board, and review of United States federal regulations was completed to identify barriers to research participation for individuals with intellectual disability. A collaborative stakeholder working group developed recommendations and products to increase the accessibility of university research for participants with intellectual disability. RESULTS Eleven key barriers to research participation were identified including gaps in researchers' knowledge, lack of trust, accessibility and communication challenges, and systematic exclusion among others. Together the stakeholder working group compiled seven general recommendations for university health researchers to guide inclusion efforts. Recommendations included: 1) address the knowledge gap, 2) build community partnerships, 3) use plain language, 4) simplify consent and assent processes, 5) establish research capacity to consent, 6) offer universal supports and accommodations, and 7) practice accessible dissemination. In addition, four products were created as part of the stakeholder working group to be shared with researchers to support the inclusion of participants with intellectual disability. 1) Supports I Need Checklist, 2) Plain language glossary of health and research terms, 3) Understanding Consent and Assent in Plain Language, 4) Easy-Read Paper Template. CONCLUSION Community members and individuals with intellectual disability want to be included in research and are eager to engage as research participants. It is the responsibility of the researcher to open the door to university health research. The recommendations discussed in this paper could increase accessibility for a broader range of research participants and, in particular, promote the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability to advance health equity in population health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. St. John
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA
| | - Emily Hickey
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Chad Russell
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA
| | - Tina Russell
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ashley Mathy
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA ,Special Olympics Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Brogan Peterson
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA ,Special Olympics Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Casey Pellien
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Institutional Review Board, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Allison Caudill
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA
| | - Libby Hladik
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA
| | - Karla K. Ausderau
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, 2120 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, WI 53706, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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21
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Njelesani J, Mlambo V, Denekew T, Hunleth J. Inclusion of children with disabilities in qualitative health research: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273784. [PMID: 36048816 PMCID: PMC9436059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with disabilities have the right to participate in health research so their priorities, needs, and experiences are included. Health research based primarily on adult report risks misrepresenting children with disabilities and their needs, and contributes to exclusion and a lack of diversity in the experiences being captured. Prioritizing the participation of children with disabilities enhances the relevance, meaningfulness, and impact of research. Methods A scoping review was conducted to critically examine the participation of children with disabilities in qualitative health research. The electronic databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched. Inclusion criteria included qualitative health studies conducted with children with disabilities, published between 2007 and 2020, and written in English. Articles were screened by two reviewers and the synthesis of data was performed using numeric and content analysis. Results A total of 62 studies met inclusion criteria. Rationales for including children with disabilities included child-focused, medical model of disability, and disability rights rationales. Participation of children with disabilities in qualitative health research was limited, with the majority of studies conducting research on rather than in partnership with or by children. Findings emphasize that children with disabilities are not participating in the design and implementation of health research. Conclusion Further effort should be made by health researchers to incorporate children with a broad range of impairments drawing on theory and methodology from disability and childhood studies and collaborating with people who have expertise in these areas. Furthermore, an array of multi-method inclusive, accessible, adaptable, and non-ableist methods should be available to enable different ways of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Njelesani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jean Hunleth
- Division of Public Health Sciences. Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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22
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Wille C, De Clerck I, Van Hove G, Van Loon J, Van de Velde D, De Vriendt P. Supporting direct support professionals in enabling people with intellectual disabilities to engage in meaningful activities: protocol for the Meaningful Activities 4 All (MA4A) study based on the human-centred design process. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061736. [PMID: 35977773 PMCID: PMC9389101 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meaningful activities (MA) have a positive impact on identity, well-being, participation and inclusion. Although people with intellectual disabilities (PID) depend on their direct support professionals (DSPs) to engage in MA, the DSPs need support which could enable them to offer more qualitative care and support. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To identify DSPs' needs, and to develop a tool/service, an innovative and iterative approach is developed, based on the human-centred design (HCD) process, combined with traditional qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the inspiration phase (needs analysis), in-depth interviews will be conducted in two day care centres in Flanders using an interpretative phenomenological analyses, one with a supply-driven approach and the other with a demand-driven approach, followed by a survey sent to all Flemish day care centres. In the ideation phase, the insights of phase 1 will guide a cocreation process (comprising a World Cafe, brainstorm and prototype sessions) with the DSPs, PID and other stakeholders. In the implementation phase, the solution will be tested in the two day care centres from phase 1 by means of living labs and a realist evaluation. By adopting this protocol, the functionality, quality, usability and acceptance are expected to increase. This protocol adopts all phases of the HCD process and shows the complementarity of HCD with traditional research methods. PID and the DSPs will benefit as the end result is truly grounded in their specific needs and wishes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ghent, Belgium (reference numbers: B670202042983 and PA2021-091). All participants will sign informed consent forms. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in relevant peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wille
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Health and Care, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine De Clerck
- Health and Care, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Hove
- Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos Van Loon
- Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van de Velde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia De Vriendt
- Health and Care, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Manikandan M, Foley K, Gough J, Harrington S, Wall É, Weldon F, Ryan JM, Kerr C, Walsh A, Fortune J. Public and Patient Involvement in Doctoral Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reflections on the Process, Challenges, Impact and Experiences From the Perspectives of Adults With Cerebral Palsy and the Doctoral Researcher. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:874012. [PMID: 36188919 PMCID: PMC9397843 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.874012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong condition, where people may experience complications as they age. Including the views of people with CP through Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) ensures that research into the condition is relevant and meaningful in addressing their concerns. However, there is a lack of evidence on incorporating the voices of adults with CP in the doctoral research process. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of how adults with CP were involved in a doctoral research process during the pandemic. Methods This paper describes the PPI process and its impact at various stages of the doctoral research process and reflects on the experiences from the perspective of the doctoral researcher and adults with CP using the INVOLVE Values and Principles framework. Five adults with CP were consulted throughout the doctoral research programme. The data for this paper is a combination of reflection notes, email exchanges, meeting minutes and informal discussions with the PPI team on their experiences of being involved in the PPI process. The content of this paper is informed by GRIPP 2 checklist. Results The doctoral researcher and adult reflections highlighted the value of collaboration and the positive impact on research at each stage of the doctoral research process. Although meetings were adapted due to the pandemic, the values of PPI were adhered to throughout the doctoral research. Conclusion Involving adults with CP positively impacted the doctoral research process. It is recommended to consider individual access needs to ensure meetings and information are accessible for disabled adults. Our reflective findings and recommendations may help other researchers who plan to involve adults with CP in doctoral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Manikandan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Manjula Manikandan
| | - Kevin Foley
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | | | | | - Éabha Wall
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | - Fiona Weldon
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M. Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Hoekstra F, Trigo F, Sibley KM, Graham ID, Kennefick M, Mrklas KJ, Nguyen T, Vis-Dunbar M, Gainforth HL. Systematic overviews of partnership principles and strategies identified from health research about spinal cord injury and related health conditions: A scoping review. J Spinal Cord Med 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35262473 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2022.2033578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. OBJECTIVE To identify and provide systematic overviews of partnership principles and strategies identified from health research about spinal cord injury (SCI) and related health conditions. METHODS Four health electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to March 2019. We included articles that described, reflected, and/or evaluated one or more collaborative research activities in health research about SCI, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amputation, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acquired brain injury, or wheelchair-users. Partnership principles (i.e. norms or values) and strategies (i.e. observable actions) were extracted and analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. RESULTS We included 39 articles about SCI (n = 13), stroke (n = 15), multiple sclerosis (n = 5), amputation (n = 2), cerebral palsy (n = 2), Parkinson's disease (n = 1), and wheelchair users (n = 1). We extracted 110 principles and synthesized them into 13 overarching principles. Principles related to building and maintaining relationships between researchers and research users were most frequently reported. We identified 32 strategies that could be applied at various phases of the research process and 26 strategies that were specific to a research phase (planning, conduct, or dissemination). CONCLUSION We provided systematic overviews of principles and strategies for research partnerships. These could be used by researchers and research users who want to work in partnership to plan, conduct and/or disseminate their SCI research. The findings informed the development of the new SCI Integrated Knowledge Translation Guiding Principles (www.iktprinciples.com) and will support the implementation of these Principles within the SCI research system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francisca Trigo
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kennefick
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly J Mrklas
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Strategic Clinical Networks™, Provincial Clinical Excellence, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- UBC Okanagan Library, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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McDonald KE, Gibbons C, Conroy N, Olick RS. Facilitating the inclusion of adults with intellectual disability as direct respondents in research: Strategies for fostering trust, respect, accessibility and engagement. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:170-178. [PMID: 34559449 PMCID: PMC8688267 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with intellectual disability experience disparities in social determinants of health and health outcomes. While new knowledge can advance health equity, adults with intellectual disability are frequently excluded from being direct respondents in research. Their inclusion requires addressing scientific and ethical challenges that contribute to their exclusion. METHOD We describe our multi-phased process, inclusive of community-engagement, to develop a self-report survey for adults with intellectual disability and share findings from an institutional ethnography conducted to identify strategies for facilitating inclusion. We also assessed indicators of the quality of these strategies. RESULTS We identified building trust, showing respect, designing in accessibility, maximising flexibility and allowing individualised accommodations as strategies that foster inclusion. Multiple indicators validate the effectiveness of these strategies. CONCLUSIONS Researchers can promote first-person decision-making and direct research participation by focusing on promoting accessibility, trust, respect and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. McDonald
- Department of Public Health and Associate Dean of Research, Falk College, Syracuse University, 444 White Hall, Syracuse, New York, 13244, USA
| | - Colleen Gibbons
- Department of Public Health, Falk College, Syracuse University; Center for Court Innovation, Syracuse, New York, 13204, USA
| | - Nicole Conroy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Falk College, Syracuse University; Human Development and Family Studies, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Robert S. Olick
- Center for Bioethics and Humanities, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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26
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Modigh A, Sampaio F, Moberg L, Fredriksson M. The impact of patient and public involvement in health research versus healthcare: A scoping review of reviews. Health Policy 2021; 125:1208-1221. [PMID: 34376328 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many policies promote patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research and healthcare provision. However, research points to uncertainties about its impact. The aim of the article was to compare what types of impact have been reported in reviews of PPI in health research and healthcare, respectively, and to map differences and similarities between the review studies. A review of reviews was undertaken with a search strategy based on the PCC mnemonic for scoping reviews. Four online databases were searched. Studies published in English between the years 2000-2020, using a review-based method and aiming to demonstrate impact of PPI were included, resulting in sixty-one articles. More reviews of PPI impact in healthcare than in health research were found, although the latter included a larger number of empirical studies. Systematic reviews, quality assessment and quantitative studies were less common in health research. Many original studies were from the United Kingdom. In health research, reported impacts most often related to research design and delivery, while in healthcare the most commonly reported impacts were individual health outcomes/clinical outcomes. However, there is still uncertainty about the strength of evidence for PPI, in particular when it comes to collective involvement in healthcare, that is in policymaking and service improvement initiatives at hospitals or the like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Modigh
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Filipa Sampaio
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Linda Moberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Government, Uppsala University, Box 514, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mio Fredriksson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
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27
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Winnard R, Roy M, Butler-Coyne H. Motherhood: Female Perspectives and Experiences of Being a Parent with ASC. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2314-2324. [PMID: 34106393 PMCID: PMC9021069 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the emotional pressures and practical management of daily challenges and, intra and interpersonal demands of raising a child as a parent with a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Conditions. The present study utilised a qualitative approach to understand perceptions of females diagnosed on the autistic spectrum of ‘being a parent’. Eight semi-structured interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Benefits and challenges of being a parent were highlighted alongside population-specific skill and characteristics associated with strength and resilience, love, nurture, routine and sensory considerations. Findings identify the need for population-specific specialist parenting support, provide direction for professionals in clinical settings and expand the paucity of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Winnard
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.,Tier 4 CAMHS Inpatients Services, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Piccadilly, Lancaster, LA1 4PW, UK
| | - Mark Roy
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.,Tier 4 CAMHS Inpatients Services, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Piccadilly, Lancaster, LA1 4PW, UK
| | - Hannah Butler-Coyne
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK. .,Tier 4 CAMHS Inpatients Services, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Piccadilly, Lancaster, LA1 4PW, UK.
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28
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Bergmann T, Birkner J, Sappok T, Schmidt M. The Autism-Competency-Group (AutCom). A promising approach to promote social skills in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 67:349-365. [PMID: 34567544 PMCID: PMC8451650 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1967697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often associated with intellectual disability (ID). ASD-specific group concepts usually focus on people on a high functioning level. The Autism-Competence-Group (AutCom) combines a psycho-educative approach with music and dance/movement interventions in adults with ASD and ID. AutCom includes 16 structured 90-minute sessions to foster social and emotional competencies. This study investigates the acceptability and effectiveness of AutCom. Practicability and acceptability were measured based on participation frequency and patient satisfaction (CSQ-8). Efficacy was assessed in a pre-post design (N = 12) based on self- and third-party assessment with a control group matched by gender and level of ID. Primary outcome variables were social and emotional competence, and secondary outcomes were challenging behavior and quality of life. A participation rate of 86% indicated practicability; high CSQ-8 scores (M = 30 of max. 32) indicated acceptability. Significant improvement was found in social competence compared to the control group and emotional competence in the pre-post self-assessment on the AutCom questionnaire. No significant improvement was found in challenging behavior and quality of life. AutCom is shown to be a promising and highly accepted group concept in fostering social and emotional skills in adults with ASD and ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bergmann
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence to: Thomas Bergmann, Ev. Krankenhaus König Elisabeth Herzberge, Herzbergstr. 79, 10365Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joana Birkner
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Sappok
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Wass S, Safari MC. Photovoice-Towards Engaging and Empowering People with Intellectual Disabilities in Innovation. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110272. [PMID: 33167330 PMCID: PMC7694372 DOI: 10.3390/life10110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
E-health and welfare technology offer new ways to support health and social care delivery. While initiatives are made to engage disadvantaged user groups in innovation, people with intellectual disabilities tend to be excluded from design activities. This is a concern as this group can benefit from the use of assistive technology. However, it can be time-consuming and challenging to involve end-users in the design of technology. This calls for processes that are creative, empowering and that facilitate user involvement. In this study, we report and reflect on the process of using photovoice to understand user needs and to empower participants with intellectual disability in an innovation process. Nine persons with intellectual disability participated in photovoice to identify user needs connected to the design of assistive technology. The findings in our study suggest that the use of photovoice can contribute to the sharing of contextual and individual needs and an empowerment process that includes coping, self-determination and ownership. Photovoice can be a tool to reduce or remove some of the challenges that are faced when identifying user needs and is a way to strengthen the individual’s capacity to cope with the demands of participating in an innovation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Wass
- Centre for eHealth, University of Agder, 4879 Grimstad, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Mugula Chris Safari
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, 4879 Grimstad, Norway;
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30
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Chapko D, Frumiento P, Edwards N, Emeh L, Kennedy D, McNicholas D, Overton M, Snead M, Steward R, Sutton JM, Jeffreys E, Long C, Croll-Knight J, Connors B, Castell-Ward S, Coke D, McPeake B, Renel W, McGinley C, Remington A, Whittuck D, Kieffer J, Ewans S, Williams M, Grierson M. "We have been magnified for years - Now you are under the microscope!": Co-researchers with Learning Disabilities Created an Online Survey to Challenge Public Understanding of Learning Disabilities. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIGCHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS. CHI CONFERENCE 2020; 20. [PMID: 32944718 DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Public attitudes towards learning disabilities (LDs) are generally reported as positive, inclusive and empathetic. However, these findings do not reflect the lived experiences of people with LDs. To shed light on this disparity, a team of co-researchers with LDs created the first online survey to challenge public understanding of LDs, asking questions in ways that are important to them and represent how they see themselves. Here, we describe and evaluate the process of creating an accessible survey platform and an online survey in a research team consisting of academic and non-academic professionals with and without LDs or autism. Through this inclusive research process, the co-designed survey met the expectations of the co-researchers and was well-received by the initial survey respondents. We reflect on the co-researchers' perspectives following the study completion, and consider the difficulties and advantages we encountered deploying such approaches and their potential implications on future survey data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Chapko
- Creative Computing Institute, University of the Arts London, London, UK
| | | | - Nalini Edwards
- Creative Computing Institute, University of the Arts London, London, UK
| | - Lizzie Emeh
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark Snead
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Connors
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | | | - David Coke
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Kieffer
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ewans
- Heart n Soul at The Hub, Heart n Soul, London, UK
| | | | - Mick Grierson
- Creative Computing Institute, University of the Arts London, London, UK
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31
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Di Lorito C, Godfrey M, Dunlop M, Bosco A, Pollock K, van der Wardt V, Harwood RH. Adding to the knowledge on Patient and Public Involvement: Reflections from an experience of co-research with carers of people with dementia. Health Expect 2020; 23:691-706. [PMID: 32181553 PMCID: PMC7321727 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research ensures that publicly funded research reflects the priorities of the people who will be affected by its results. Co-research, a branch of PPI, is equal partnership between academic researchers and members of the public, who steer and conduct research together. OBJECTIVES To propose a model for good practice in co-researching with carers of people with dementia, by reporting and synthesizing the personal reflections of the academic and lay researchers around the methodological issues, benefits, and challenges of co-research. DESIGN An academic researcher and two lay researchers with lived experience of caring with someone with dementia collaborated in all stages of a qualitative research study, including development of the research protocol and topic guide, data collection, analysis and synthesis, and dissemination of findings. Throughout the study, the academic and lay researchers annotated reflections of their experience in personal diaries. Data from the diaries were synthesized and mapped out in a model for good practice in co-research. RESULTS Co-research yielded benefits for all those involved and on research outputs. There were practicalities and challenges that required extra resources, in order to make the involvement of lay researchers meaningful and effective. DISCUSSION The model for good practice illustrates overarching and stage-specific guidelines, which can inform researchers and members of the public wishing to undertake good practice in co-research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Lorito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and WellbeingSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
| | - Maureen Godfrey
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and WellbeingSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
| | - Marianne Dunlop
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and WellbeingSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
| | - Alessandro Bosco
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied psychologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Kristian Pollock
- School of Health SciencesQueen's Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Veronika van der Wardt
- WissenschaftlicheMitarbeiterinZentrumfürMethodenwissenschaften und GesundheitsforschungAbteilungfürAllgemeinmedizinPräventive und Rehabilitative MedizinPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgDeutschland
| | - Rowan H. Harwood
- School of Health SciencesQueen's Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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32
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Hoekstra F, Mrklas KJ, Khan M, McKay RC, Vis-Dunbar M, Sibley KM, Nguyen T, Graham ID, Gainforth HL. A review of reviews on principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships approaches: a first step in synthesising the research partnership literature. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:51. [PMID: 32450919 PMCID: PMC7249434 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conducting research in partnership with stakeholders (e.g. policy-makers, practitioners, organisations, patients) is a promising and popular approach to improving the implementation of research findings in policy and practice. This study aimed to identify the principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts reported in different types of reviews of research partnerships in order to obtain a better understanding of the scope of the research partnership literature. Methods This review of reviews is part of a Coordinated Multicenter Team approach to synthesise the research partnership literature with five conceptually linked literature reviews. The main research question was ‘What principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts are reported in different types of research partnership approaches?’. We included articles describing a literature review of research partnerships using a systematic search strategy. We used an adapted version of the Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool to assess quality. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2018. Principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts were extracted from the included reviews and analysed using direct content analysis. Results We included 86 reviews using terms describing several research partnership approaches (e.g. community-based participatory research, participatory research, integrated knowledge translation). After the analyses, we synthesised 17 overarching principles and 11 overarching strategies and grouped them into one of the following subcategories: relationship between partners; co-production of knowledge; meaningful stakeholder engagement; capacity-building, support and resources; communication process; and ethical issues related to the collaborative research activities. Similarly, we synthesised 20 overarching outcomes and impacts on researchers, stakeholders, the community or society, and the research process. Conclusions This review of reviews is the first that presents overarching principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships. This review is unique in scope as we synthesised literature across multiple research areas, involving different stakeholder groups. Our findings can be used as a first step to guide the initiation and maintenance of research partnerships and to create a classification system of the key domains of research partnerships, which may improve reporting consistency in the research partnership literature. Trial registration This study is registered via Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GVR7Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoekstra
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K J Mrklas
- Strategic Clinical Networks™, System Innovation and Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Khan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R C McKay
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - T Nguyen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - I D Graham
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - H L Gainforth
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada. .,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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33
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MacDonald S, Summers SJ. Psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 33:839-855. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven MacDonald
- Doctorate in Clinical Psychology Teesside University Middlesbrough UK
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust Middlesbrough UK
| | - S. J. Summers
- Doctorate in Clinical Psychology Teesside University Middlesbrough UK
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34
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Slattery P, Saeri AK, Bragge P. Research co-design in health: a rapid overview of reviews. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:17. [PMID: 32046728 PMCID: PMC7014755 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-0528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Billions of dollars are lost annually in health research that fails to create meaningful benefits for patients. Engaging in research co-design – the meaningful involvement of end-users in research – may help address this research waste. This rapid overview of reviews addressed three related questions, namely (1) what approaches to research co-design exist in health settings? (2) What activities do these research co-design approaches involve? (3) What do we know about the effectiveness of existing research co-design approaches? The review focused on the study planning phase of research, defined as the point up to which the research question and study design are finalised. Methods Reviews of research co-design were systematically identified using a rapid overview of reviews approach (PROSPERO: CRD42019123034). The search strategy encompassed three academic databases, three grey literature databases, and a hand-search of the journal Research Involvement and Engagement. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening and data extraction and resolved disagreements through discussion. Disputes were resolved through discussion with a senior author (PB). One reviewer performed quality assessment. The results were narratively synthesised. Results A total of 26 records (reporting on 23 reviews) met the inclusion criteria. Reviews varied widely in their application of ‘research co-design’ and their application contexts, scope and theoretical foci. The research co-design approaches identified involved interactions with end-users outside of study planning, such as recruitment and dissemination. Activities involved in research co-design included focus groups, interviews and surveys. The effectiveness of research co-design has rarely been evaluated empirically or experimentally; however, qualitative exploration has described the positive and negative outcomes associated with co-design. The research provided many recommendations for conducting research co-design, including training participating end-users in research skills, having regular communication between researchers and end-users, setting clear end-user expectations, and assigning set roles to all parties involved in co-design. Conclusions Research co-design appears to be widely used but seldom described or evaluated in detail. Though it has rarely been tested empirically or experimentally, existing research suggests that it can benefit researchers, practitioners, research processes and research outcomes. Realising the potential of research co-design may require the development of clearer and more consistent terminology, better reporting of the activities involved and better evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Slattery
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alexander K Saeri
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Bragge
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Schwartz AE, Kramer JM, Cohn ES, McDonald KE. "That Felt Like Real Engagement": Fostering and Maintaining Inclusive Research Collaborations With Individuals With Intellectual Disability. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:236-249. [PMID: 31466513 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319869620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disability (ID) are increasingly involved in stakeholder-engaged research, such as "inclusive research" (IR). To understand the processes that foster and maintain IR with individuals with ID, we used a narrative interview approach with co-researchers with ID (n = 6) and academic researchers (n = 8). We analyzed the data using grounded theory principles. We then developed a model describing how contextual factors and team-level factors and processes coalesce to foster and maintain IR collaborations. We observed that team members' values and characteristics are foundational to IR and drive a commitment to accessibility. Contextual factors, including funding and partnership duration, influence teams' processes and structures. These processes and structures influence the extent to which co-researchers perceive the IR team to be cofacilitated or academic-facilitated. Co-researcher involvement is partially maintained by perceived personal and societal benefits. Optimizing the relationship between these factors may support involvement of people with ID in stakeholder-engaged research projects.
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Frankena TK, Naaldenberg J, Tobi H, Cruijsen A, Jansen H, Schrojenstein Lantman ‐ de Valk H, Leusink G, Cardol M. A membership categorization analysis of roles, activities and relationships in inclusive research conducted by co‐researchers with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 32:719-729. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa K. Frankena
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Group Intellectual Disability & Health Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hilde Tobi
- Biometics Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Cruijsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Group Intellectual Disability & Health Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Henk Jansen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Group Intellectual Disability & Health Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Henny Schrojenstein Lantman ‐ de Valk
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Group Intellectual Disability & Health Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Geraline Leusink
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Group Intellectual Disability & Health Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Cardol
- Chair Disability Studies: Diversity in Participation Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences Rotterdam The Netherlands
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