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Brady AM, Fortune J, Ali AH, Prizeman G, To WT, Courtney G, Stokes K, Roche M. Multidisciplinary user experience of a newly implemented electronic patient record in Ireland: An exploratory qualitative study. Int J Med Inform 2024; 185:105399. [PMID: 38430733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation of an Electronic Patient Record (EPR) in a key milestone in the digital strategy of modern healthcare organisations. The implementation of EPR systems can be viewed as challenging and complex. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate user perspectives and experiences of the implementation of an Electronic Medical Record in a major academic teaching hospital, with simultaneous 'go-live' across the whole hospital taking place. METHODS Focus groups and individual in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders and users (n = 105), approximately nine months post-EPR implementation. The study explored EPR users' perceptions using an extended theoretical framework of the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model (2003), which measured information systems, system quality, information quality, service quality, use/perceived usefulness & user satisfaction and net benefits. RESULTS Staff engagement and satisfaction was high and the EPR is accepted as the new standard way of completing care. There was agreement that the EPR affords transparency, and greater accountability. There was some concern expressed regarding impact of the EPR on interprofessional and patient/provider interactions and communication. Physicians reported the inputting of social history through free text as an issue of concern and time consuming. The Big Bang approach with mandatory conversion was key to the successful adoption of EPR. There was consensus across professional and administrative respondents that there was no appetite to return to paper-based records. CONCLUSION The successful roll out of the EPR reflects the digital readiness of healthcare providers and organisations. The potential for unintended consequences on work process requires continual monitoring. A key future benefit of the EPR will be the capacity to reach a broader understanding and analysis of variation in processes and outcomes within healthcare organisations. It is clear that skills in data analytics will be needed to mine data successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Brady
- Trinity Centre Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'olier St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Trinity Centre Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'olier St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ali
- Trinity Centre Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'olier St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Prizeman
- Trinity Centre Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'olier St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wing Ting To
- Trinity Centre Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'olier St, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Fortune J, Ryan JM, Walsh A, Walsh M, Kerr C, Kroll T, Lavelle G, Owens M, Hensey O, Norris M. Transition from child to adult services for young people with cerebral palsy in Ireland: Influencing factors at multiple ecological levels. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:623-634. [PMID: 37849380 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the factors that influence the process of transitioning from child to adult services in Ireland among young people with cerebral palsy, their parents, and service providers. METHOD This study followed a qualitative descriptive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants, including young people with cerebral palsy aged 16 to 22 years (n = 13), their parents (n = 14), and service providers (n = 27). Data were analysed using the Framework Method. Findings were categorized using an ecological model across four levels: individual, microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem. RESULTS Limited awareness, preparation, and access to information hindered successful transition. Microsystem factors such as family knowledge, readiness, resilience, and health professional expertise influenced transition experience. Mesosystem factors encompassed provider-family interaction, interprofessional partnerships, and interagency collaboration between child and adult services. Exosystem factors included inadequate availability and distribution of adult services, limited referral options, coordination challenges, absence of transition policies, staffing issues, and funding allocation challenges. INTERPRETATION Transition is influenced by diverse factors at multiple ecological levels, including interactions within families, between health professionals, and larger systemic factors. Given the complexity of transition, a comprehensive multi-level response is required, taking into account the interactions among individuals, services, and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD IRIS Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Owens
- Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Meriel Norris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
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Fortune J, Manikandan M, Harrington S, Hensey O, Kerr C, Koppe S, Kroll T, Lavelle G, Long S, MacLachlan M, Nolan D, Norris M, O'Reilly J, Owens M, Walsh A, Walsh M, Ryan JM. Understanding the use of digital technologies to provide disability services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic; a multiple case study design. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38468253 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using digital technologies to provide services and supports remotely may improve efficiency and accessibility of healthcare, and support people with disabilities to live independently. This study aimed to explore the experience of using digital technologies to access and provide disability services and supports during the Covid-19 pandemic, from the perspective of people with disabilities, families and service providers. METHODS Using a multiple case study design, we purposively sampled three cases based on service user characteristics and geographical reach of the service. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 service users and service providers. Topic guides and analysis were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Analysis followed a largely deductive approach, using the CFIR constructs as a coding framework. A summary memo was developed for each case. Influence and strength of each construct was rated to identify constructs that influenced implementation of digital technologies. Ratings were compared across services to identify facilitators and barriers to implementation. RESULTS Service users and providers were positive about using digital technologies to access and provide disability services and supports remotely. Advantages over in-person delivery included reduced travel time, increased opportunity for peer support and peer learning, more choice and opportunity to participate in activities, and an enhanced sense of self while accessing services from the secure environment of their home. The urgency to identify new modes of service delivery to meet the needs of service users during Covid-19 was a strong facilitator but did not necessarily result in successful implementation. Other factors that were strong facilitators were the use of adaptations to enable service users to access the online service, service users' willingness to try the online service, service users' persistence when they encountered challenges, and the significant time and effort that service providers made to support service users to participate in the online service. Barriers to implementation included the complexity of accessing online platforms, poor design quality of online platforms, and organisations prioritising in-person delivery over online services. CONCLUSIONS These findings may allow service providers to leverage facilitators that support implementation of online disability services and supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manjula Manikandan
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD IRIS, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Malcolm MacLachlan
- National Clinical Programme for People with Disability, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
- Assisting Living & Learning Institute and Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Meriel Norris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, Uxbridge, UB83PH, UK
| | | | - Mary Owens
- Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Walsh
- National Clinical Programme for People with Disability, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, Uxbridge, UB83PH, UK.
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Manikandan M, Jagdeo S, Weldon F, Harrington S, O'Sullivan R, Fortune J, Kerr C, M Ryan J. Mapping health services for adults with cerebral palsy in Ireland: a pilot study. HRB Open Res 2024; 5:61. [PMID: 37901656 PMCID: PMC10603314 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13609.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of physical disability in childhood. The majority of children with CP survive to adulthood. Once discharged from children's services, adults with CP find it challenging to navigate health services. The aim of this study was to pilot and refine a methodology to map services for adults with CP in Ireland. Methods We used a multi-informant mapping methodology consisting of: 1. Defining health services; 2. Identifying informants; 3. Designing a survey; 4. Collecting data; 5. Data checking and analysis. We collected data on services from service users and service providers using an online survey. We verified data against information available online and by asking organisations to provide details about the service. Results Fifteen service users and nine service providers completed the online survey. Data on 265 unique services at 32 organisations were provided. The most commonly provided services were physiotherapy (12%) and occupational therapy (11%). We confirmed the name of 89 services (34%) against online information. We received further details from eight organisations about 27 services. Specifically, we received details about the organisation name for 27 of the 265 services (10%), service name for 25 services (9%), service type for 25 services (9%), a website for 19 services (7%), and data on eligibility criteria and types of supports provided for between 25 or 26 services (9% or 10%). Conclusion This pilot study highlighted the complexity of mapping services for adults with CP in Ireland. We recommend that an alternative methodology should be used to map services for adults with CP in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Manikandan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shalini Jagdeo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Weldon
- Public and Patient Involvement contributor, Meath, Ireland
- Strategies for Change Co-ordinator, Independent Living Movement Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Harrington
- Public and Patient Involvement contributor, Cork, Ireland
- Adult Continuing Education, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
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Ryan JM, Albairami F, Hamilton T, Cope N, Amirmudin NA, Manikandan M, Kilbride C, Stevenson VL, Livingstone E, Fortune J. Prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions among adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023. [PMID: 36807150 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions among adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare them to the prevalence and incidence among adults without CP. METHOD We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of one or more chronic conditions among adults with CP. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Two independent reviewers extracted data relating to prevalence and incidence and appraised study quality. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence and incidence. RESULTS We identified 69 studies; 65 reported the prevalence of 53 conditions and 13 reported the incidence of 21 conditions. At least 20% of adults had the following conditions: depression (21%); anxiety (21%); mood affective disorders (23%); asthma (24%); hypertension (26%); epilepsy (28%); urinary incontinence (32%); malnutrition (38%); and scoliosis (46%). Adults with CP were more likely to have type 2 diabetes, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, asthma, liver disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, underweight, and chronic kidney disease than adults without CP. INTERPRETATION These data from 18 countries, which provide an international perspective, may be used to promote awareness, identify targets for intervention, and inform the development of appropriate supports for adults with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fatemah Albairami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait.,College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Thomas Hamilton
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Cope
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Manjula Manikandan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Valerie L Stevenson
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Ryan JM, Walsh M, Owens M, Byrne M, Kroll T, Hensey O, Kerr C, Norris M, Walsh A, Lavelle G, Fortune J. Transition to adult services experienced by young people with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:285-293. [PMID: 35729753 PMCID: PMC10084269 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess if young people with cerebral palsy experience and health professionals provide practices that may improve transition from child to adult health services. METHOD Seventy-five young people (31 females, 44 males; mean age 18 years 5 months [standard deviation 2 years 2 months]) and/or parents and 108 health professionals completed a questionnaire describing their experience or the provision of nine transition practices. RESULTS The percentage of young people reporting each practice was: appropriate parent involvement (90%); promotion of health self-efficacy (37%); named worker who supports the transition process (36%); self-management support for physical health (36%); self-management support for mental health (17%); information about the transition process (24%); meeting the adult team (16%); and life skills training (16%). Post-discharge, 10% of young people reported that their general practitioner (GP) received a discharge letter. The percentage of health professionals reporting each practice was: promotion of health self-efficacy (73.2%); self-management support (73.2%); information (69%); consulting the parent and young person about parent involvement (63% and 66%); discharge letter to a GP (55%); life skills training (36%); named worker (35%); meeting the adult team (30%); and senior manager (20%). INTERPRETATION Many young people did not experience practices that may improve the experience and outcomes of transition. Young people should be involved in the development and delivery of transition to ensure it meets their needs. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Many young people with cerebral palsy (CP) do not receive support that may improve the experience of transition. Appropriate protocols and training for health professionals may improve the provision of transition and reduce inconsistency in care between and within organizations. Young people and their families should be involved in service design, delivery, and evaluation related to the transition to ensure it meets their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Walsh
- Office of the Chief Clinical Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Owens
- Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- National Disability Children & Families Team, Social Care Division, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD IRIS Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Fortune J, Burke J, Dillon C, Dillon S, O’Toole S, Enright A, Flynn A, Manikandan M, Kroll T, Lavelle G, Ryan JM. Co-designing resources to support the transition from child to adult health services for young people with cerebral palsy: A design thinking approach. Front Rehabil Sci 2022; 3:976580. [PMID: 36589713 PMCID: PMC9800984 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.976580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Design thinking is a human-centred process that aims to identify the needs of end-users and iteratively develop solutions. Involving end-users in the development and design of solutions may enhance effectiveness by increasing focus on the needs of the target population. This paper describes the process of co-designing resources to support the transition from child-centred to adult-orientated health services using a design thinking approach. Methods Five co-design workshops were conducted remotely with a young person advisory group and parent advisory group. A design thinking process guided by the Stanford D.School approach was used to understand the transition needs of young people and their parents and iteratively develop solutions to improve end-user experience. Results Eight resource prototypes were generated: (1) designated transition coordinator, (2) digital stories of transition experience (3) written informational support (4) transition website, (5) transition checklists and worksheets (6) transition app, (7) transition programme or course and (8) educational programme for health professionals. Conclusion Design thinking is a feasible approach to identify, characterise and prioritise resources collaboratively with end-user partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland,Correspondence: Jennifer Fortune
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Manikandan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD IRIS Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Thomas SM, Parker A, Fortune J, Mitchell G, Hezam A, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Anderson K, Gauthier-Beaupré A, Barker J, Watt J, Straus SE, Tricco AC. Global evidence on falls and subsequent social isolation in older adults: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062124. [PMID: 36175106 PMCID: PMC9528590 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations among adults aged 65 years and older and may result in social isolation. OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence on falls and subsequent social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults through a scoping review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if the population had a mean age of 60 years or older, they examined falls and subsequent social isolation, loneliness, fear of falling or risk factors and were primary studies (eg, experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and qualitative). SOURCES OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Ageline and grey literature from inception until 11 January 2021. CHARTING METHODS A screening and charting form was developed and pilot-tested. Subsequently, two reviewers screened citations and full-text articles, and charted the evidence. RESULTS After screening 4993 citations and 304 full-text articles, 39 studies were included in this review. Participants had a history of falling (range: 11% to 100%). Most studies were conducted in Europe (44%) and North America (33%) and were of the cross-sectional study design (66.7%), in the community (79%). Studies utilised 15 different scales. Six studies examined risk factors for social isolation and activity restriction associated with fear of falling. Six studies reported mental health outcomes related to falls and subsequent social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Consistency in outcome measurement is recommended, as multiple outcomes were used across the included studies. Further research is warranted in this area, given the ageing population and the importance of falls and social isolation to the health of older adults. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/2R8HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Thomas
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Parker
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Areej Hezam
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry Anderson
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Gauthier-Beaupré
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Barker
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Manikandan M, Jagdeo S, Weldon F, Harrington S, O'Sullivan R, Fortune J, Kerr C, M Ryan J. Mapping health services for adults with cerebral palsy in Ireland: a pilot study. HRB Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of physical disability in childhood. The majority of children with CP survive to adulthood. Once discharged from children’s services, adults with CP find it challenging to navigate health services. The aim of this study was to pilot and refine a methodology to map services for adults with CP in Ireland. Methods: We used a multi-informant mapping methodology consisting of: 1. Defining health services; 2. Identifying informants; 3. Designing a survey; 4. Collecting data; 5. Data checking and analysis. We collected data on services from service users and service providers using an online survey. We verified data against information available online and by asking organisations to provide details about the service. Results: Fifteen service users and nine service providers completed the online survey. Data on 265 unique services at 32 organisations were provided. The most commonly provided services were physiotherapy (12%) and occupational therapy (11%). We confirmed the name of 89 services (34%) against online information. We received further details from eight organisations about 27 services. Specifically, we received details about the organisation name for 27 of the 265 services (10%), service name for 25 services (9%), service type for 25 services (9%), a website for 19 services (7%), and data on eligibility criteria and types of supports provided for between 25 or 26 services (9% or 10%). Conclusion: This pilot study highlighted the complexity of mapping services for adults with CP in Ireland. Prior to conducting a future study, the scope of the map of services should be considered, and attempts should be made to improve the accuracy of information provided by informants and to engage organisations in verifying service details.
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Manikandan M, Foley K, Gough J, Harrington S, Wall É, Weldon F, Ryan JM, Kerr C, Walsh A, Fortune J. Public and Patient Involvement in Doctoral Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reflections on the Process, Challenges, Impact and Experiences From the Perspectives of Adults With Cerebral Palsy and the Doctoral Researcher. Front Rehabilit Sci 2022; 3:874012. [PMID: 36188919 PMCID: PMC9397843 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.874012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong condition, where people may experience complications as they age. Including the views of people with CP through Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) ensures that research into the condition is relevant and meaningful in addressing their concerns. However, there is a lack of evidence on incorporating the voices of adults with CP in the doctoral research process. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of how adults with CP were involved in a doctoral research process during the pandemic. Methods This paper describes the PPI process and its impact at various stages of the doctoral research process and reflects on the experiences from the perspective of the doctoral researcher and adults with CP using the INVOLVE Values and Principles framework. Five adults with CP were consulted throughout the doctoral research programme. The data for this paper is a combination of reflection notes, email exchanges, meeting minutes and informal discussions with the PPI team on their experiences of being involved in the PPI process. The content of this paper is informed by GRIPP 2 checklist. Results The doctoral researcher and adult reflections highlighted the value of collaboration and the positive impact on research at each stage of the doctoral research process. Although meetings were adapted due to the pandemic, the values of PPI were adhered to throughout the doctoral research. Conclusion Involving adults with CP positively impacted the doctoral research process. It is recommended to consider individual access needs to ensure meetings and information are accessible for disabled adults. Our reflective findings and recommendations may help other researchers who plan to involve adults with CP in doctoral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Manikandan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Manjula Manikandan
| | - Kevin Foley
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | | | | | - Éabha Wall
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | - Fiona Weldon
- Public and Patient Involvement Contributor, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M. Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Tricco AC, Thomas SM, Radhakrishnan A, Ramkissoon N, Mitchell G, Fortune J, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Anderson K, Barker J, Gauthier-Beaupré A, Watt J, Straus SE. Interventions for social isolation in older adults who have experienced a fall: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056540. [PMID: 35264363 PMCID: PMC8915346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our systematic review was to identify the effective interventions to prevent or mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults who experienced a fall. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Ageline were searched (from inception to February 2020). METHODS Studies were eligible if they described any intervention for social isolation in older adults living in a community setting who experienced a fall, and reported outcomes related to social isolation or loneliness.Two independent reviewers screened citations, abstracted data and appraised risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The results were summarised descriptively. RESULTS After screening 4069 citations and 55 full-text articles, four studies were included. The four studies varied in study design, including a randomised controlled trial, non-randomised controlled trial, an uncontrolled before-after study and a quasiexperimental study. Interventions varied widely, and included singing in a choir, a patient-centred, interprofessional primary care team-based approach, a multifactorial assessment targeting fall risk, appropriate medication use, loneliness and frailty, and a community-based care model that included comprehensive assessments and multilevel care coordination. Outcome measures varied and included scales for loneliness, social isolation, social interaction, social networks and social satisfaction. Mixed results were found, with three studies reporting no differences in social isolation or loneliness after the intervention. Only the multifactorial assessment intervention demonstrated a small positive effect on loneliness compared with the control group after adjustment (B=-0.18, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.02). CONCLUSIONS Few studies examined the interventions for social isolation or loneliness in older adults who experienced a fall. More research is warranted in this area. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020198487.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia M Thomas
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amruta Radhakrishnan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naveeta Ramkissoon
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ying Jiang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry Anderson
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Barker
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Gauthier-Beaupré
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Tyer R, Smith M, Clark C, Kelly J, Fortune J. “A spoonful of sugar, makes arthroplasty rates go down”: Addressing Hba1c at point of referral to reduce surgical cancellations. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Lavelle G, Norris M, Flemming J, Harper J, Bradley J, Johnston H, Fortune J, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Ryan JM. Validity and Acceptability of Wearable Devices for Monitoring Step-Count and Activity Minutes Among People With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Rehabilit Sci 2022; 2:737384. [PMID: 36188762 PMCID: PMC9397948 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.737384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple wearable devices that purport to measure physical activity are widely available to consumers. While they may support increases in physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) by providing feedback on their performance, there is little information about the validity and acceptability of these devices. Providing devices that are perceived as inaccurate and difficult to use may have negative consequences for people with MS, rather than supporting participation in physical activity. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the validity and acceptability of commercially available devices for monitoring step-count and activity time among people with MS. Nineteen ambulatory adults with MS [mean (SD) age 52.1 (11.9) years] participated in the study. Step-count was assessed using five commercially available devices (Fitbit Alta, Fitbit Zip, Garmin Vivofit 4, Yamax Digi Walker SW200, and Letscom monitor) and an activPAL3μ while completing nine everyday activities. Step-count was also manually counted. Time in light activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and total activity were measured during activities using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Of the 19 participants who completed the validity study, fifteen of these people also wore the five commercially available devices for three consecutive days each, and participated in a semi-structured interview regarding their perception of the acceptability of the monitors. Mean percentage error for step-count ranged from 12.1% for the Yamax SW200 to −112.3% for the Letscom. Mean step-count as manually determined differed to mean step-count measured by the Fitbit Alta (p = 0.002), Garmin vivofit 4 (p < 0.001), Letscom (p < 0.001) and the research standard device, the activPAL3μ (p < 0.001). However, 95% limits of agreement were smallest for the activPAL3μ and largest for the Fitbit Alta. Median percentage error for activity minutes was 52.9% for the Letscom and 100% for the Garmin Vivofit 4 and Fitbit Alta compared to minutes in total activity. Three inductive themes were generated from participant accounts: Interaction with device; The way the device looks and feels; Functionality. In conclusion, commercially available devices demonstrated poor criterion validity when measuring step-count and activity time in people with MS. This negatively affected the acceptability of devices, with perceived inaccuracies causing distrust and frustration. Additional considerations when designing devices for people with MS include an appropriately sized and lit display and ease of attaching and charging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel Norris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Meriel Norris
| | - Julie Flemming
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Harper
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Bradley
- The Hillingdon Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Johnston
- The Hillingdon Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Stennett
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Ryan
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Fortune J, Norris M, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Hendrie W, DeSouza L, Victor C, Ryan JM. Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity Among People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Rehabilit Sci 2021; 2:726436. [PMID: 36188781 PMCID: PMC9397718 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.726436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identifying correlates of physical activity (PA) for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential to design effective PA interventions.Methods: Participants completed a battery of questionnaires and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer. Light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (min/day) were calculated. Associations were examined using multiple linear regression adjusted for demographic and clinical confounders.Results: Fifty-eight adults with MS participated (mean ± SD age: 56.8 ± 9.2 yr; 67% women). MS type was associated with time in LPA. Participants with secondary progressive MS (B = −54.0, 95% CI −84.7 to −23.3) and primary progressive MS (B = −42.9, 95% CI −77.5 to −8.3) spent less time in LPA than those with relapsing remitting MS. Walking capacity, assessed using the 12-item MS walking scale (MSWS-12), was associated with time in MVPA (B = −0.36, 95% CI −0.72 to −0.01).Conclusion: This work identifies walking capacity and type of MS as correlates of PA, which may indicate development of interventions to promote PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Meriel Norris
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Hendrie
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Therapy Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine DeSouza
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Mary Ryan
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Fortune J, Norris M, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Hendrie W, Victor C, Ryan JM. Patterns and correlates of sedentary behaviour among people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20346. [PMID: 34645876 PMCID: PMC8514488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with poor health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying modifiable correlates of sedentary behaviour for people with MS is essential to design effective intervention strategies to minimise sedentary time. This study aimed to quantify patterns and identify correlates of sedentary behaviour among adults with MS. Fatigue, self-efficacy, walking capability, the physical and psychological impact of MS, health-related quality of life, and participation and autonomy were assessed by questionnaire. Participants wore an activPAL monitor. Total (min/day), prolonged bouts (≥ 30 min) and breaks in sedentary time were calculated. Associations were examined using regression analysis adjusted for demographic and clinical confounders. Fifty-six adults with MS participated (mean ± SD age: 57.0 ± 9.25 years; 66% female). Self-efficacy for control over MS was associated with sedentary time (β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.01, 0.30). Self-efficacy in function maintenance (β = 0.02, 95% CI 0.00, 0.04), health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D) (β = 31.60, 95% CI 7.25, 55.96), and the autonomy indoors subscale of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (β = − 5.11, 95% CI − 9.74, − 0.485) were associated with breaks in sedentary time. Future studies should consider self-efficacy, health-related quality of life and participation and autonomy as potential components of interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK.
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK.,Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Mary Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
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16
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Murray D, Rooney J, Al-Chalabi A, Bunte T, Chiwera T, Choudhury M, Chio A, Fenton L, Fortune J, Maidment L, Manera U, Mcdermott C, Meldrum D, Meyjes M, Tattersall R, Torrieri MC, Van Damme P, Vanderlinden E, Wood C, Van Den Berg LH, Hardiman O. Correlations between measures of ALS respiratory function: is there an alternative to FVC? Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:495-504. [PMID: 34590504 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1908362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: An ongoing longitudinal study in six European sites includes a 3-monthly assessment of forced vital capacity (FVC), slow vital capacity (SVC), peak cough flow (PCF), and Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP). The aim of this interim analysis was to assess the potential for SNIP to be a surrogate for aerosol generating procedures given COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Patients attending six study sites with King's Stage 2 or 3 ALS completed baseline FVC/SVC/SNIP/PCF and repeated assessments 3 monthly. Data were collected from March 2018 to March 2020, after which a COVID-19 related study suspension was imposed. Correlations between the measures were calculated. A Bayesian multiple outcomes random-effects model was constructed to investigate rates of decline across measures. Results: In total, 270 cases and 828 assessments were included (Mean age 65.2 ± 15.4 years; 32.6% Female; 60% Kings stage 2; 81.1% spinal onset). FVC and SVC were the most closely correlated outcomes (0.95). SNIP showed the least correlation with other metrics 0.53 (FVC), 0.54 (SVC), 0.60 (PCF). All four measures significantly declined over time. SNIP in the bulbar onset group showed the fastest rate of decline. Discussion: SNIP was not well correlated with FVC and SVC, probably because it examines a different aspect of respiratory function. Respiratory measures declined over time, but differentially according to the site of onset. SNIP is not a surrogate for FVC and SVC, but is a complementary measure, declining linearly and differentiating spinal and bulbar onset patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Murray
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurocent Directorate, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Rooney
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tommy Bunte
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Chiwera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mutahhara Choudhury
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adriano Chio
- ALS Center, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neurology 1, Azienda Ospedale Università Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Lauren Fenton
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lindsay Maidment
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Umberto Manera
- ALS Center, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chris Mcdermott
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dara Meldrum
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Myrte Meyjes
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Tattersall
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurocent Directorate, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Claudia Torrieri
- ALS Center, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and.,KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute and VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien Vanderlinden
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and
| | - Claire Wood
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurocent Directorate, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Ryan JM, Fortune J, Walsh A, Norris M, Kerr C, Hensey O, Kroll T, Lavelle G, Owens M, Byrne M, Walsh M. Transition from child to adult health services for young people with cerebral palsy in Ireland: a mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041425. [PMID: 33371036 PMCID: PMC7757447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition from child to adult health services is a challenging and complex process for young people with cerebral palsy (CP). Poorly managed transition is associated with deterioration in health, increased hospitalisations and reduced quality of life. While international research identifies key practices that can improve the experience and outcomes of transition, there is a paucity of data in the Irish context. This research study aims to gain an insight into the experience of transition for young people with CP in Ireland. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A convergent parallel mixed-methods design will be used to collect, analyse and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Participants will be young people aged 16-22 years with CP, their parent(s)/carer(s) and service providers. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews, respectively. Quantitative data will be reported using descriptive statistics. Where sufficient data are collected, we will examine associations between the experience of transition practices and sociodemographic and CP-related factors, respectively, using appropriate regression models. Associations between service provider characteristics and provision of key transition practices may also be explored using appropriate regression models. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Framework Method. A coding matrix based on key transitional practices identified from the literature will be used to identify convergence and divergence across study components at the integration stage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (REC201911010). Results will be presented to non-academic stakeholders through a variety of knowledge translation activities. Results will be published in open access, peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meriel Norris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - C Kerr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Owen Hensey
- Medical Department, Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Owens
- Physiotherapy Department, Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Byrne
- National Disability Children & Families Team, Social Care Division, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Walsh
- Office of the Chief Clinical Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Fortune J, Murphy P, Merchant N, Kerr C, Kroll T, Walsh A, Norris M, Lavelle G, Ryan J. Transition from child-centred to adult-oriented healthcare systems for young people with neurodisability: a scoping review protocol. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:61. [PMID: 33215059 PMCID: PMC7656277 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13095.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The transition from child-centred to adult-oriented healthcare is a challenging time for young people with neurodisability. As the prevalence of neurodisability increases, greater numbers of young people will eventually transfer to the adult healthcare system. While there is a growing recognition of the importance of providing quality, transitional care, little is known about how to manage and optimise this process for young people with neurodisability. The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map existing literature related to the transition from child-centred to adult-oriented healthcare systems for young people with neurodisability. Methods: Systematic literature searches of OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science will be conducted from inception to present. A structured iterative search of grey literature will be conducted. This review will consider all study designs examining the transition from child to adult health services in neurodisability. Two reviewers will independently screen each retrieved title and abstract and assess full-text articles against the inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. Data will be extracted and synthesised quantitatively and qualitatively. The process and reporting will follow PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Conclusion: This review will provide a broad and systematically mapped synthesis of the extent and nature of the available published and unpublished literature on transition from child-centred to adult-oriented healthcare systems in neurodisability. The results will be used to determine gaps in the current evidence base in order to prioritise areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Murphy
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nabil Merchant
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Kerr
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Aisling Walsh
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Jennifer Ryan
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Brunel University London, London, England, UK
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19
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Fortune J, Norris M, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Victor C, De Souza L, Hendrie W, Ryan J. Pedometers, the frustrating motivators: a qualitative investigation of users' experiences of the Yamax SW-200 among people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:436-442. [PMID: 32515233 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1770344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Self-monitoring may represent a mechanism to enhance physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis. To optimise activity monitoring as a behavioural tool to increase physical activity, user experience must be understood. This study evaluated user experience of the Yamax SW-200 Digi-walker pedometer in a group of people with MS.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adults who participated in a 12-week pedometer-supported behavioural change intervention, the iStep-MS trial. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using the Framework Method.Results: An overarching theme Pedometers, the frustrating motivators captures the complex and often contradictory experience of the pedometer. Sub-themes include: Increasing activity awareness, which describes the pedometer's utility in raising activity consciousness; Numeric motivation provides insight into dual motivating and demotivating experiences of using an objective feedback device; (Un) usability focuses on practical concerns encountered in the day-to-day use of the monitor.Conclusion: The Yamax SW-200 Digi-walker raised awareness and enhanced participant motivation to engage in physical activity. Accuracy and usability concerns highlighted warrant consideration in the selection of this pedometer within a population with multiple sclerosis. Trial registration: Changing physical activity behaviour in people with MS: the iStep-MS trial; ISRCTN15343862; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15343862Implications for rehabilitationUse of self-monitoring tools such as pedometers can enhance physical activity awareness.Objective, numeric step count feedback is an effective motivational tool for physical activity.Accuracy and usability concerns may limit the value of the Yamax SW-200 Digiwalker for people with MS.Identification of individualised, reliable, usable and acceptable tools is important to ensure engagement with self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Lorraine De Souza
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
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Birch GF, Lee JH, Tanner E, Fortune J, Munksgaard N, Whitehead J, Coughanowr C, Agius J, Chrispijn J, Taylor U, Wells F, Bellas J, Besada V, Viñas L, Soares-Gomes A, Cordeiro RC, Machado W, Santelli RE, Vaughan M, Cameron M, Brooks P, Crowe T, Ponti M, Airoldi L, Guerra R, Puente A, Gómez AG, Zhou GJ, Leung KMY, Steinberg P. Sediment metal enrichment and ecological risk assessment of ten ports and estuaries in the World Harbours Project. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 155:111129. [PMID: 32469765 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten global harbours were assessed for sediment quality by quantifying the magnitude of anthropogenic change and ecological risk. Anthropogenic change (enrichment) was high for Derwent River and Sydney estuary, moderate for Santander Harbour, Rio de Janeiro and Dublin Port, slight for Hong Kong, minimal for Darwin. All 10 enrichment indices used showed similar results. Derwent River sediment was rated at high ecological risk, followed by Sydney and Santander estuaries with moderate risk. Auckland and Darwin sediments exhibited minimal ecological risk and sediment in the remaining harbours (Dublin, Hong Kong, Ravenna, Ria de Vigo and Rio de Janeiro) were assessed at slight ecological risk. The extraordinary variety of environments and types/quantities/qualities of data investigated resulted in as much a critique and development of methodology, as an assessment of human impact, including unique techniques for elemental normalisation and contaminant classification. Recommendations for an improved technical framework for sediment quality assessment are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - J-H Lee
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lotsearch, 3/68 Alfred Street, Milsons Point, NSW, 2061, Australia
| | - E Tanner
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fortune
- Aquatic Health Unit, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - N Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods (RIEL), Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J Whitehead
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C Coughanowr
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Agius
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Chrispijn
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - U Taylor
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - F Wells
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - V Besada
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L Viñas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A Soares-Gomes
- Federal Fluminense University, Marine Biology Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R C Cordeiro
- Federal Fluminense University, Geochemistry Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - W Machado
- Federal Fluminense University, Geochemistry Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R E Santelli
- Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Chemistry Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Vaughan
- Research and evaluation unit, Auckland Council, New Zealand
| | - M Cameron
- Research and evaluation unit, Auckland Council, New Zealand
| | - P Brooks
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Crowe
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ponti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Airoldi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - R Guerra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdepartmental Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - A Puente
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - A G Gómez
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - G J Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - K M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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Fortune J, Norris M, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Hendrie W, de Souza L, Abdul M, Brewin D, David L, Anokye N, Victor C, Ryan JM. 'I can do this': a qualitative exploration of acceptability and experiences of a physical activity behaviour change intervention in people with multiple sclerosis in the UK. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029831. [PMID: 32144172 PMCID: PMC7064077 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who participated in iStep-MS, a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a behaviour change intervention that aimed to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour. DESIGN A qualitative approach was undertaken embedded in the feasibility randomised controlled trial. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using Framework analysis. SETTING Participants were recruited from a single MS therapy centre in the southeast of England, UK. PARTICIPANTS Sixty people with MS were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or usual care. Following a purposive sampling strategy, 15 participants from the intervention arm undertook 1:1 semi-structured interviews. INTERVENTIONS The iStep-MS intervention consisted of four therapist-led sessions over 12 weeks, supported by a handbook and pedometer. RESULTS Three themes were identified from the data. "I can do this": developing competence in physical activity highlights the enhanced physical activity confidence gained through goal setting and accomplishment. "I felt valued": the nurturing culture provides an overview of the supportive and non-judgemental environment created by the programme structure and therapeutic relationship. Finally, "What can I do?": empowered enactment describes the transition from the supported iStep-MS intervention to intrinsically motivated physical activity enactment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study supports the acceptability of the iStep-MS intervention and identified key areas that supported participants to be physically active. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15343862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Lorraine de Souza
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nana Anokye
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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Ryan JM, Fortune J, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Hendrie W, DeSouza L, Abdul M, Brewin D, David L, Anokye N, Victor C, Norris M. Safety, feasibility, acceptability and effects of a behaviour-change intervention to change physical activity behaviour among people with multiple sclerosis: Results from the iStep-MS randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1907-1918. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519886231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is limited information regarding the safety, feasibility and acceptability of behaviour-change interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior to evaluating efficacy, it is important to identify problems with feasibility and acceptability, which may undermine effectiveness. Objective: To examine the safety, feasibility and acceptability of a behaviour-change intervention to increase PA and reduce sedentary behaviour among people with MS. Methods: Sixty people received a 3-month intervention or usual care. Fatigue, pain and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Feasibility and acceptability were explored through focus groups with physiotherapists and interviews with participants. Fidelity to intervention content, delivery skills, programme receipt and programme task were assessed. Results: There was no difference in AE rate between groups ( p = 0.965). Fatigue and pain were not higher in the intervention group at 3 or 9 months. Therapists reported the intervention was feasible to deliver and fidelity was acceptable. Twenty-nine participants (97%) attended at least 75% of sessions. Participants found the intervention acceptable but suggested some amendments were required to intervention components. Conclusions: The intervention was safe, feasible and acceptable. Although modifications are required to intervention components, the intervention warrants further evaluation in a future trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK/Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Lorraine DeSouza
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Debbie Brewin
- Health Economics Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Lee David
- Health Economics Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
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Norris M, Eva G, Fortune J, Frater T, Breckon J. Educating undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy students in motivational interviewing: the student perspective. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:117. [PMID: 31029114 PMCID: PMC6486966 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidenced based talking therapy designed to affect client Health Behaviour Change. Previous research indicates that Allied Health Professionals (AHP) can effectively use the approach and training at pre-registration level has been piloted. However, student experiences of training is underexplored. AIM To explore Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy students' experiences of training in and implementation of Motivational Interviewing. METHODS Four focus groups including 24 undergraduates (14 OT and 10 PT) were conducted at the completion of the training and a subsequent clinical placement. Transcribed texts were analysed thematically. Data were triangulated with student written post-it notes and open questions in a post training questionnaire. RESULTS Two overarching themes were developed from the data. Learning different ways to interact and the challenge of transformation illuminates specific aspects of the training which enabled learning as well as areas of contention. Using the spirit of MI, but not every contact counts highlights the facilitators and challenges of implementation on placements. CONCLUSIONS Motivational interviewing is a useful addition to training neophyte health students. Key skills were adopted and in some cases transferred into practice. The process of learning indicates areas of potential improvement to enhance relevance of practice scenarios. The transfer to practice is more complex illustrating a need to negotiate professional and institutional expectations which should be considered in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriel Norris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH UK
| | - Gail Eva
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Marston Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 0FL UK
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tai Frater
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH UK
| | - Jeff Breckon
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2BP UK
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Fortune J, Breckon J, Norris M, Eva G, Frater T. Motivational interviewing training for physiotherapy and occupational therapy students: Effect on confidence, knowledge and skills. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:694-700. [PMID: 30482468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of a three-day training programme on knowledge, confidence and fidelity to Motivational Interviewing (MI) delivery in an undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy cohort (n = 25). METHODS Training outcomes were assessed pre-training, post-training and following a subsequent clinical placement. The Motivational Interviewing Knowledge and Attitudes Test (MIKAT) and an 8-item survey assessed knowledge, attitudes and confidence respectively. MI fidelity was evaluated by a simulated patient interview rated with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scale (MITI). Analysis was by one-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Self-report measurements indicated increased confidence but no effect on knowledge or attitude. MITI analysis showed superior performance in all four global criteria and an increased frequency of MI adherent behaviours post-training. Positive changes were maintained following clinical placement. MITI summary scores indicated an improvement in question to reflection ratio in line with beginner competency. CONCLUSION(S) Participation in a three-day MI training programme significantly improved student confidence and MI skilfulness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Where feasible, MI training should be embedded within the curriculum. Further research is needed elucidate the best practices to incorporate teaching this skill set within the curriculum in order to best prepare students to counsel clients in behaviour change in their applied settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Jeff Breckon
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Meriel Norris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Gail Eva
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Tai Frater
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Fortune J, Norris M, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Lavelle G, Hendrie W, DeSouza L, Victor C, Abdul M, Ayokye N, Ryan J. Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ryan JM, Fortune J, Stennett A, Kilbride C, Anokye N, Victor C, Hendrie W, Abdul M, DeSouza L, Lavelle G, Brewin D, David L, Norris M. Changing physical activity behaviour for people with multiple sclerosis: protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility trial (iStep-MS). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018875. [PMID: 29146660 PMCID: PMC5695400 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although physical activity may reduce disease burden, fatigue and disability, and improve quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), many people with MS are physically inactive and spend significant time in sedentary behaviour. Behaviour change interventions may assist people with MS to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour. However, few studies have investigated their effectiveness using objective measures of physical activity, particularly in the long term. Further, interventions that have proven effective in the short term may not be feasible in clinical practice because of the large amount of support provided. The iStep-MS trial aims to determine the safety, feasibility and acceptability of a behaviour change intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among people with MS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sixty people with MS will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive a 12-week intervention or usual care only. The intervention consists of four physical activity consultations with a physiotherapist supported by a handbook and pedometer. Outcomes assessed at baseline, 12 weeks and 9 months are physical activity (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer), sedentary behaviour (activPAL3µ), self-reported activity and sitting time, walking capability, fatigue, self-efficacy, participation, quality of life and health service use. The safety of the intervention will be determined by assessing change in pain and fatigue and the incidence of adverse events during the follow-up period. A parallel process evaluation will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention through assessment of fidelity to the programme and semistructured interviews exploring participants' and therapists' experiences of the intervention. The feasibility of conducting an economic evaluation will be determined by collecting data on quality of life and resource use. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Research ethics committee approval has been granted from Brunel University London. Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in journals and distributed to people with MS and physiotherapists. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15343862 (doi 10.1186/ISRCTN15343862). Protocol version: 1.0; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Andrea Stennett
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Nana Anokye
- Health Economics Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Christina Victor
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | | | - Lorraine DeSouza
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Lee David
- 10 Minute CBT, Letchworth Garden City, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Fortune J, Robertson I, Kelly A, Hussey J. An investigation into the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition and BDNF in young healthy males. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fortune J, Robertson I, Kelly A, Hussey J. The impact of acute exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lavelle G, Fortune J, Gormley J. Using a predictive model of submaximal exercise testing to track aerobic capacity: a 4 month randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fortune J, Robertson I, Kelly A, Hussey J. The association between cognitive performance, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grant EV, Thomas M, Fortune J, Klibanov AM, Letvin NL. Enhancement of plasmid DNA immunogenicity with linear polyethylenimine. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2937-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evita V. Grant
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Mini Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Norman L. Letvin
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The rights to choose where and with whom to live are widely endorsed but commonly denied to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). The current study provides a contemporary benchmark on the degree of choice exercised by adult service users in the USA. METHOD Data came from the National Core Indicators programme. Participants were 6778 adult service users living in non-family-home service settings in 26 US states. RESULTS Most adults with ID did not participate in choosing where and with whom to live. Those with more support needs because of more severe ID and/or co-occurring conditions experienced less choice regarding living arrangements. Individuals living in their own home or an agency-operated apartment were more likely to choose where and with whom to live than individuals in nursing homes, institutions or group homes. However, few individuals with severe or profound ID chose where and with whom to live regardless of where they lived. CONCLUSIONS In 2008, despite community-living policies that emphasise choice, many adult service users with ID in the USA experienced little or no choice about where and with whom to live, especially those individuals with more severe ID. Our findings provide a clear endorsement of policies promoting more individualised living settings, such as one's own home or an agency apartment, because these settings do provide substantially more choice about living arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Stancliffe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Fortune J, Wilson K. Preserving relationships with antivaccine parents: five suggestions from social psychology. Can Fam Physician 2007; 53:2083-2095. [PMID: 18077733 PMCID: PMC2231530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Correspondence to: Dr Kumanan Wilson, 14EN Room 220, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4; e-mail
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Shiao T, Iwahashi M, Fortune J, Quattrochi L, Bowman S, Wick M, Qadri I, Simon FR. Structural and functional characterization of liver cell-specific activity of the human sodium/taurocholate cotransporter. Genomics 2000; 69:203-13. [PMID: 11031103 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bile salts are rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver-specific sodium/taurocholate cotransporter (SLC10A1). To understand factors controlling its liver-specific expression, we isolated human SLC10A1 from a YAC chromosomal clone. SLC10A1 spans approximately 23 kb distributed over five exons. The major transcription start site is at 299 bp, and a minor start site is at 395 bp from the translational start site. A 1.2-kb portion of the 5' flanking region was sequenced and shown to contain a number of liver-enriched elements, but no TATA box. Using secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter constructs liver-specific expression was examined. Transient transfection demonstrated that SLC10A1 promoter expression was selectively expressed eightfold in FAO and rat hepatocytes, while deletion mutants demonstrated liver-specific expression in a region extending from -5 to +198 bp, which contained putative sites for C/EBP and HNF3. Mutations of the C/EBP site resulted in loss of 77% of transcriptional activity. Cotransfection of C/EBP, but not other putative liver-enriched binding factors, increased SLC10A1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated specific protein-DNA interactions that involved C/EBPalpha and beta. These studies demonstrate that the TATA-less human SLC10A1 promoter exhibits liver-specific activity and its regulatory elements contain binding sites for C/EBP, which contributes specifically to its transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Earnshaw WC, Samejima K, Durrieu F, Fortune J, Osheroff N. Biochemical mechanism of apoptotic execution. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2000; 61:137. [PMID: 10960326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Earnshaw
- ICMB, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Fortune J. Easy riders. Discrete elevator groupings are the key to hassle-free, hygienic rides for all. Health Facil Manage 2000; 13:32, 34-7. [PMID: 16646169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Fortune
- Lerch, Bates & Associates, Littleton, CO, USA
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Abstract
Foot and ankle injuries are common in sportsmen and the general population. The impact that the functional anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle complex has on normal gait is reviewed. The abnormal biomechanics associated with overpronation and oversupination are discussed, as are their consequences. The management principles of foot and ankle injuries are briefly described.
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Simon FR, Fortune J, Iwahashi M, Bowman S, Wolkoff A, Sutherland E. Characterization of the mechanisms involved in the gender differences in hepatic taurocholate uptake. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:G556-65. [PMID: 9950831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.2.g556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in the hepatic transport of organic anions is well established. Although uptake of many organic anions is greater in females, sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake is greater in hepatocytes from male rats. We examined the hypothesis that endogenous estrogens alter the number of sinusoidal bile acid transporters and/or decrease membrane lipid fluidity. The initial sodium-dependent uptake of [3H]taurocholate was 75% greater in hepatocytes from males than from either intact or oophorectomized females rats. Taurocholate maximal uptake was increased twofold (P < 0.03) without a significant change in the Michaelis-Menten constant. Sinusoidal membrane fractions were isolated from male and female rat livers with equal specific activities and enrichments of Na+-K+-ATPase. Males had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in cholesterol esters and phosphatidylethanolamine-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio. Fluorescence polarization indicated decreased lipid fluidity in females. In females, expression of the sodium-dependent taurocholate peptide (Ntcp) and mRNA were selectively decreased to 46 +/- 9 and 54 +/- 4% (P < 0.01), respectively, and the organic anion transporter peptide (Oatp) and Na+-K+-ATPase alpha-subunit were not significantly different. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated a 47% (P < 0.05) decrease in Ntcp transcription, without a significant change in Oatp. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that decreased sodium-dependent bile salt uptake in female hepatocytes was due to decreased membrane lipid fluidity and a selective decrease in Ntcp.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Simon
- Department of Medicine and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Heinlein KB, Campbell EM, Fortune J, Fortune B, Moore KS, Laird E. Hitting the moving target of program choice. Res Dev Disabil 1998; 19:27-38. [PMID: 9472133 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-4222(97)00027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The changes in what 2,927 people wanted and got for programs in 1988 were compared with what 3,934 people wanted and received in 1996 in Wyoming and South Dakota. As recommendations change, they present a "moving target" for these service-delivery systems. In 1988, 51% of those served in Wyoming and 62% of those served in South Dakota were in their preferred setting. By 1996, the Wyoming percentage rose to 84%, whereas South Dakota's percentage moved up to 72%. These increases enhanced other "quality of life" measures. Comparing 1996 with 1988, for example, fewer individuals in both states reported no social or leisure activities. Fewer reported the lack of transportation as a barrier and fewer reported having no one to accompany them to activities. More individuals reported family contact, family visits, and identified a hobby or personal leisure activity. The 8-year expansion of services and supports had increased positive social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Heinlein
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming Institute for Disabilities, Cheyenne 82002, USA
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Bey T, Waer A, Walter FG, Fortune J, Seeger J, Fryburg K, Smith W. Spinal cord injury with a narrow spinal canal: utilizing Torg's ratio method of analyzing cervical spine radiographs. J Emerg Med 1998; 16:79-82. [PMID: 9472764 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-4679(97)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A 65-year-old inebriated man crashed his car and presented with spinal shock and neurogenic shock from a cervical spinal cord injury without cervical spine fracture or dislocation. The lateral cervical spine radiography was initially read as normal, except for degenerative disk disease; however, Torg's ratio method of analyzing cervical spinal canal sagittal width indicated the spinal canal was congenitally narrow. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed this and showed bulging and herniation of multiple invertebral disks between C2 and C7. This case illustrates the value of using Torg's ratio method of analyzing lateral cervical spine radiographs. Although Torg's method has not been prospectively validated, it may be useful to identify patients at risk for cervical spinal cord injuries without fractures or dislocations. An abnormal Torg's ratio may be the only clue to the fact that the patient is at higher risk of spinal cord injury when the patient's history or examination is questionable because of head injury, drug intoxication, or therapeutic sedation and paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bey
- Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University Medical Center, Tucson, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the appropriateness and medication cost of stress ulcer prophylaxis before and after a targeted educational intervention. DESIGN In the preintervention cohort (phase 1), 264 patients were evaluated over 2 months, using stress ulcer prophylaxis guidelines developed by a comprehensive literature search. Targeted educational programs were subsequently used to inform trauma housestaff on appropriate usage of stress ulcer prophylaxis medications with emphasis on using sucralfate. The postintervention cohort (phase 2) involved concurrent evaluation of 279 patients. Length of inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis (i.e., did not meet approved guidelines) between phases was compared using a Student's t-test for independent samples (alpha = .05). SETTING A 365-bed university medical center. PATIENTS Patients admitted to any of the intensive care units and all patients who were placed on histamine-2-antagonists or sucralfate for stress ulcer prophylaxis. INTERVENTIONS Educational intervention regarding appropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis directed at the trauma service. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patient demographics in the two phases were similar and there was no difference in the number of patient risk factors for stress-induced bleeding. The mean length of inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis was 5.78 +/- 4.36 days in phase 1 and 4.66 +/- 3.10 days in phase 2 (p < .05). Eighty-nine patients in phase 1 received inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis for a drug cost of $2,272.00 (mean $25.53 +/- 25.52) compared with 90 patients in phase 2 with a drug cost of $1,417.00 (mean $15.75 +/- 13.06). Three patients in each phase had clinically important bleeding (hemodynamic compromise or transfusion); all were receiving ranitidine. The mean total cost (fixed and variable) of hospitalization was $69,288.00 and $74,709.00 for the three patients who bled in each phase compared with $19,850.00 and $15,812.00 for all patients admitted to the intensive care unit in phases 1 and 2, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 30.00 days and 29.33 days for the three patients who bled in each phase compared with 11.54 days and 10.27 days for all patients admitted to the intensive care unit in phases 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cost savings are associated with more appropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis. Clinically important bleeding is uncommon but results in prolonged hospital stays and increased costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Erstad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Simon FR, Fortune J, Iwahashi M, Gartung C, Wolkoff A, Sutherland E. Ethinyl estradiol cholestasis involves alterations in expression of liver sinusoidal transporters. Am J Physiol 1996; 271:G1043-52. [PMID: 8997249 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.6.g1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis are controversial. Basal bile flow was reduced by ethinyl estradiol administration, with a half time (t1/2) of 12.5 +/- 0.6 h. In contrast, initial taurocholate uptake was not significantly reduced until 3 days to 59% of control and to 13 and 10% of control at 5 and 7 days, respectively. The t1/2 was 4.3 +/- 0.1 days. These physiological changes were correlated with measurement of protein mass and steady-state mRNA for Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), Na(+)-dependent taurocholate transporter, organic anion transporters, and membrane lipid fluidity. Ethinyl estradiol significantly decreased Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and membrane fluidity. However, neither Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit nor beta-subunit mass was altered by ethinyl estradiol administration. In contrast, protein content of the Na(+)-dependent taurocholate transporter was significantly reduced to 21% of control (P < 0.001) at 5 days. The Na(+)-dependent taurocholate transporter was identified in sinusoidal membrane fractions as a doublet with a molecular size estimated to be 51 and 56 kDa. Although both bands were reduced with ethinyl estradiol treatment, the 56-kDa band was decreased more rapidly and to a greater extent than the 51-kDa band. The estimated t1/2 of 4.8 +/- 0.6 days for the doublet was similar to that for Na(+)-dependent taurocholate uptake. The organic anion transporter protein mass was similarly reduced with time of ethinyl estradiol administration to 21% of control (P < 0.01) at 5 days. Ethinyl estradiol also rapidly decreased the steady-state mRNA levels of Na(+)-dependent and organic anion transporters to approximately 50% and 15% of control at 5 days, respectively. These studies indicate early generalized abnormalities of the sinusoidal membrane lipid fluidity, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, and bile acid transport protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Simon
- Hepatobiliary Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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Simon FR, Fortune J, Alexander A, Iwahashi M, Dahl R, Sutherland E. Increased hepatic Na,K-ATPase activity during hepatic regeneration is associated with induction of the beta1-subunit and expression on the bile canalicular domain. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:24967-75. [PMID: 8798777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of the sodium pump or Na,K-ATPase during proliferation of hepatocytes following 70% liver resection have not been defined. Na,K-ATPase may be regulated by synthesis of its alpha- and beta-subunits, by sorting to either the sinusoidal or apical plasma membrane domains, or by increasing membrane lipid fluidity. This study investigated the time course of changes during hepatic regeneration for Na, K-ATPase activity, lipid composition and fluidity, and protein content of liver plasma membrane subfractions. As early as 4 h after hepatic resection, Na,K-ATPase activity was increased selectively in the bile canalicular fraction. It reached a new steady state at 12 h and remained elevated for 2 days. Although hepatic regeneration was associated with a reduced cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio and increased fluidity, measured with two different probes, these changes in lipid metabolism were in the sinusoidal membrane domain. The Na,K-ATPase beta1-subunit, but not the alpha1-subunit, was increased selectively at the bile canalicular surface as shown by immunoblotting of liver plasma membrane subfractions and the morphological demonstration at both the light and electron microscopic levels. Furthermore, cycloheximide blocked the rise in beta1-subunit mRNA levels. Since the time course for beta1-subunit accumulation was similar to that for activation of Na,K-ATPase activity, this change implicated the beta1-subunit in activating sodium pump activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Simon
- Department of Medicine, Hepatobiliary Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Simon FR, Leffert HL, Ellisman M, Iwahashi M, Deerinck T, Fortune J, Morales D, Dahl R, Sutherland E. Hepatic Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity correlates with polarized beta-subunit expression. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:C69-84. [PMID: 7631761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.1.c69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have examined underlying causes for observations made in hepatocytes in which catalytic subunits of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase are found both in bile canalicular (apical) and sinusoidal (basolateral) membrane domains, whereas functional activity is associated preferentially with sinusoidal membrane sites. In a series of parallel studies, we determined by both light and electron microscopy that Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunits were localized to both membrane domains of hepatocytes. With the use of purified liver plasma membrane subfractions, ouabain inhibition curves demonstrated similar inhibition constants (inhibition constant 10(-5) M), and immunoblots using alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and alpha 3-polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated antigenic sites predominantly for alpha 1 in both membrane fractions. Also, Northern blot hybridization analysis revealed only the alpha 1-isoform in hepatocytes. In contrast to the bipolar distribution of the alpha 1-subunit, the beta-subunit was identified only at the sinusoidal surface using fluorescence labeling with a monoclonal antibody. The beta 1-isoform was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and was present predominantly at the sinusoidal domain by immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies. In addition to the bipolar distribution of alpha 1, immunoblotting of liver plasma membrane subfractions demonstrated a symmetrical distribution of fodrin, ankyrin, actin, and E-cadherin at both domains. These results suggest that functionally competent alpha/beta-complexes form at the sinusoidal domain, whereas only alpha 1-subunits are present at the apical pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Simon
- Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Hospital, Colorado, USA
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Heinlein KB, Fortune J. Who stays, who goes? Downsizing the institution in America's most rural state. Res Dev Disabil 1995; 16:165-177. [PMID: 7652200 DOI: 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00007-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Between 1988 and 1993, Wyoming reduced the census of its only state institution for persons with mental retardation by more than 50%, with a significant percentage occurring as a result of a class action suit in 1990. This article demonstrates the similarities between the characteristics of the individuals who left the Training School and those who remain, as well as the differences in the characteristics of those leaving during three 2-year periods--prelawsuit, transition, and postlawsuit. Descriptive data were gathered in 1988 and 1993 using the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Individuals left the large, residential institutional settings for less restrictive, rural placements in the community. This study updates the literature and confirms that all of the residents of the state-operated institutions can be placed into community settings even in America's most rural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Heinlein
- Wyoming Institute for Disabilities, College of Health Science, Laramine 82071-4298, USA
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Dodd W, Fortune J. An electronic patient record project in the United Kingdom: can it succeed? Medinfo 1995; 8 Pt 1:301-304. [PMID: 8591180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Department of Health in the United Kingdom has set up a three-year research and development project to develop an electronic patient record (EPR). It will be working with clinicians, managers, vendors, and possibly academic informaticians to build two working demonstrators in acute hospitals. Because so many similar projects have failed to meet expectations, a study was commissioned from the Open University in the UK to use the Systems Failures Method, which had been developed in the University to identify factors critical to the successful implementation of an electronic patient record system in acute hospitals. This paper outlines the Electronic Patient Record Project and summarizes the study and its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dodd
- Information Management Group, Strategy Division, Room 5W06, Quarry House, Quarry Hill, Leeds, LS2 7UE, ENGLAND
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Abstract
The effects of bradykinin (BK) and angiotensin II (ANG II) were compared in cultured rat mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. BK and ANG II activated a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, leading to the rapid release of [3H]inositol phosphates, an increase in intracellular calcium, and formation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG formation was biphasic with a transient peak at 5 s followed by a sustained increase from 60 to 600 s. The BK-mediated increases in inositol triphosphate and DAG were dose dependent with half-maximal increases at concentrations of 5 and 2 nM, respectively. Both hormones were found to activate protein kinase C (PKC) as assessed by phosphorylation of the 68- to 72-kDa intracellular PKC substrate myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. However, despite similar phosphorylation of this substrate, only ANG II produced a significant increase in membrane-bound PKC activity. The mechanism accounting for the inability of BK to increase membrane-bound PKC activity is unclear. Our studies excluded differential translocation of PKC to the nuclear membrane, production of an inhibitor of membrane-bound PKC activity, and expression of BK and ANG II receptors on different cells as the mechanism. Vascular smooth muscle cells were found to express at least four different PKC isozymes: alpha, delta, zeta, and a faint band for epsilon. All of the isozymes except zeta-PKC were translocated by treatment with the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. However, neither ANG II nor BK produced significant translocation of any measured isozyme; therefore, we could not exclude the possibility that ANG II and BK activate different isozymes of PKC. Both hormones were found to have a similar small and inconsistent effect in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation. These observations demonstrate that BK and ANG II have similar biochemical effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and imply that, in selected vessels, the vasodilatory effects of BK mediated by the endothelium may be partially counterbalanced by a vasoconstrictor effect on the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Diglycerides/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme Activation
- Inositol Phosphates/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Isoenzymes/drug effects
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/enzymology
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
- Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/isolation & purification
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/drug effects
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Proteins/isolation & purification
- Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Substrate Specificity
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City
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49
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Abstract
The present study uses various kinin agonists and antagonists to examine the cellular mechanisms of bradykinin's actions on intracellular calcium, prostaglandins, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (casmc) obtained from rat mesenteric arteries. Exposure to bradykinin produced a rapid release of calcium (peak less than or equal to 20 s) from intracellular stores and an increase in prostaglandin (PG) E2 and cAMP production in casmc. Compared with bradykinin, the bradykinin B1-agonist [des-Arg9]BK produced only a small increase in intracellular calcium. The bradykinin-mediated increase in intracellular calcium was competitively blocked by the B2 receptor antagonist [D-Arg-O-Hyp3-Thi5,8-D-Phe7]BK (B4307) but not the B1-antagonist ([des-Arg9-Leu8]BK). In addition, the similarity of the dose-response curves for the bradykinin-mediated increase in Ca2+, PGE2, and cAMP (half-maximal stimulation of 12, 11, and 13 nM, respectively) and the ability of the B2-antagonist (B4307) to block each of these effects of bradykinin suggest that all three effects are mediated by the same bradykinin (B2) receptor. Further studies revealed that increases in intracellular calcium are necessary for the bradykinin-mediated increase in PGE2 formation and the subsequent PGE2-dependent formation of cAMP. Taken together, these results suggest that bradykinin acts via a B2-receptor on arterial smooth muscle cells to release calcium from intracellular stores, leading to increases in PGE2 production and the PGE2-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver
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Dixon BS, Breckon R, Fortune J, Sutherland E, Simon FR, Anderson RJ. Bradykinin activates protein kinase C in cultured cortical collecting tubular cells. Am J Physiol 1989; 257:F808-17. [PMID: 2556039 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.5.f808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin inhibits vasopressin-stimulated water transport in cortical collecting tubular cells. The biochemical mechanism of this effect was explored by means of primary cultures of rabbit cortical collecting tubular cells. Bradykinin was found to produce a rapid release of calcium from intracellular stores, an increase in sn-1,2-diacylglycerol levels, and a fivefold increase in membrane-bound protein kinase C activity, consistent with stimulation of phospholipase C and activation of protein kinase C in rabbit cortical collecting tubular cells. In addition, bradykinin produced a dose-dependent 46% inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7 and staurosporine, reversed the bradykinin-mediated inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. In contrast, pretreatment with either the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, mepacrine, or pertussis toxin did not prevent the inhibitory effect of bradykinin on vasopressin-stimulated cAMP production, suggesting that the effects are not mediated by prostaglandin E2 or activation of a pertussis-toxin sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (e.g., Gi). Because bradykinin also inhibits isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP formation but does not inhibit either basal-, forskolin-, or cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, the site of this inhibition appears to involve the hormone receptor or coupling of the receptor to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory subunit (Gs). The results demonstrate that bradykinin stimulates phospholipase C leading to activation of protein kinase C, which then inhibits vasopressin-stimulated cAMP production at the level of the hormone receptor or coupling of the receptor to Gs in cultured cortical collecting tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, Denver, Colorado
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