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Dai Y, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Chen X, Li F, Yu B, Zhang Y, Kou J. Ruscogenin alleviates deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism induced by inferior vena cava stenosis inhibiting MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF signaling pathway in mice. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2001-2009. [PMID: 35619253 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220526120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruscogenin (RUS) has anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects, while its potential effects on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the effects of RUS on DVT and PE induced by the inferior vena cava stenosis (IVCS) model and investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice were used to explore whether IVCS model could be complicated with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Then, Effects of RUS on DVT and PE related inflammatory factors and coagulation were examined using H&E staining, ELISA, and real-time PCR. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of RUS on MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF signaling pathway in PE. RESULTS IVCS model induced DVT and complied with PE 48 h after surgery. Administration of RUS (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg) inhibited DVT, decreased biomarker D-Dimer, cardiac troponin I, N-Terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in plasma to ameliorate PE induced by IVCS model. Meanwhile, RUS reduced tissue factor and fibrinogen content of lung tissue, inhibited P-selectin and C-reactive protein activity in plasma, and suppressed the expressions of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in mice. Furthermore, RUS suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, decreasing the expressions of Egr-1 and TF in the lung. CONCLUSION IVCS model contributed to the development of DVT and PE in mice and was associated with increased inflammation. RUS showed therapeutic effects by inhibiting inflammation as well as suppressing the activation of MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qianliu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuankai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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Hu M, Ma Q, Liu B, Wang Q, Zhang T, Huang T, Lv Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845371. [PMID: 35517509 PMCID: PMC9065414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with relatively high morbidity and mortality globally but still in short therapeutic options. Over the decades, a large body of data has demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic disorders might exert critical influence in the initiation and development of DKD, whereas the delicate pathogenesis of DKD remains profoundly elusive. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), extensively studied in the field of cancer, are attracting increasing attentions on the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications including DKD, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we chiefly focused on abnormal expression and function of lncRNAs in major resident cells (mesangial cell, endothelial cell, podocyte, and tubular epithelial cell) in the kidney, summarized the critical roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DKD, and elaborated their potential therapeutic significance, in order to advance our knowledge in this field, which might help in future research and clinical treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhimei Lv,
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Cardioprotective Effect of circ_SMG6 Knockdown against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Correlates with miR-138-5p-Mediated EGR1/TLR4/TRIF Inactivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1927260. [PMID: 35126807 PMCID: PMC8813281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1927260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased neutrophil recruitment represents a hallmark event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to the ensuing inflammatory response. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in cell physiology and pathology. Herein, we analyzed the role of a novel circRNA circ_SMG6 in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment following I/R injury, which may associate with the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis. Myocardial I/R injury was modeled in vivo by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery followed by reperfusion in mice and in vitro by exposing a cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the circ_SMG6/miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis on cardiac functions, myocardial infarction, myocardial enzyme levels, cardiomyocyte activities, and neutrophil recruitment. We found that the EGR1 expression was increased in myocardial tissues of I/R mice. Knockdown of EGR1 was found to attenuate I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarction area, pathological damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that circ_SMG6 competitively bound to miR-138-5p and consequently led to upregulation of EGR1, thus facilitating myocardial I/R injury in mice and H/R-induced cell injury. Additionally, ectopic EGR1 expression augmented neutrophil recruitment and exacerbated the ensuing I/R injury, which was related to the activated TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that circ_SMG6 may deteriorate myocardial I/R injury by promoting neutrophil recruitment via the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF signaling. This pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in the management of myocardial I/R injury.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Guo R, Xiao J, Liu X, Dong M, Luan X, Ji X, Lu H. Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorates Diabetic Arterial Stiffening via AMPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:753881. [PMID: 34712140 PMCID: PMC8546248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by increased aortic stiffness, is a major cause leading to many adverse clinical outcomes. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) can improve glucose tolerance, enhance insulin activity, and restore the impaired endothelial functions in animal models. The aim of this study was to explore whether Rb1 could alleviate the pathophysiological process of arterial stiffening in diabetes and its potential mechanisms. Experimental Approach: Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by administration of streptozotocin. These mice were randomly selected for treatment with Rb1 (10-60 mg/kg, i. p.) once daily for 8 weeks. Aortic stiffness was assessed using ultrasound and measurement of blood pressure and relaxant responses in the aortic rings. Mechanisms of Rb1 treatment were studied in MOVAS-1 VSMCs cultured in a high-glucose medium. Key Results: Rb1 improved DM-induced arterial stiffening and the impaired aortic compliance and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Rb1 ameliorated DM-induced aortic remodeling characterized by collagen deposition and elastic fibers disorder. MMP2, MMP9, and TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathways were involved in this process. In addition, Rb1-mediated improvement of arterial stiffness was partly achieved via inhibiting oxidative stress in DM mice, involving regulating NADPH oxidase. Finally, Rb1 could blunt the inhibition effects of DM on AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusion and Implications: Rb1 may represent a novel prevention strategy to alleviate collagen deposition and degradation to prevent diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Municipal Center People's Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Saavedra JM. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Are Not Just for Hypertension Anymore. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:160-173. [PMID: 33904788 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond blood pressure control, angiotensin receptor blockers reduce common injury mechanisms, decreasing excessive inflammation and protecting endothelial and mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, the coagulation cascade, immune responses, cerebrovascular flow, and cognition, properties useful to treat inflammatory, age-related, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders of many organs including brain and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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6
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Bielach-Bazyluk A, Zbroch E, Czajkowska K, Koc-Zorawska E, Kakareko K, Rydzewska-Rosolowska A, Hryszko T. Serum sirtuin 1 is independently associated with intact PTH among patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:525-536. [PMID: 33790547 PMCID: PMC8007476 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s293665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuin 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and diagnostic value of serum sirtuin 1 concentration in patients with CKD. Patients and Methods The serum sirtuin 1 level was evaluated using ELISA kit in 100 CKD patients stratified for five stages and in a control group of 24 healthy volunteers. Results Serum sirtuin 1 concentration was higher in the CKD group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 correlated with conventional CKD biomarkers and eGFR equations, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and age (all p<0.05). Statins, AT1 receptor antagonists and β-blockers use were associated with decreased sirtuin concentration (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 was able to distinguish CKD from control group with high sensitivity and specificity (93% and 87%, respectively; AUC=0.954). Surprisingly, after adjustment only iPTH concentration was an independent predictor of sirtuin 1 level. Conclusion The association between sirtuin 1, eGFR equations and iPTH indicates its possible usefulness as a kidney function marker. In terms of iPTH being the only independent predictor of circulating sirtuin 1 it can be considered as an indirect cardiovascular risk biomarker regardless of renal function and provide additional information for patient management. Alternatively, sirtuin 1 is recognized as protective against vascular disease, and we demonstrated a positive correlation with iPTH, which may be related to accumulation of (7-84)-PTH having opposite biological effects to full-length PTH. Further studies are needed to explore the interplay between sirtuin 1, PTH and CKD-related vascular calcification as well as to assess its prognostic value in observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bielach-Bazyluk
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Zbroch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czajkowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Koc-Zorawska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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7
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Chuang KC, Chen FW, Tsai MH, Shieh JJ. EGR-1 plays a protective role in AMPK inhibitor compound C-induced apoptosis through ROS-induced ERK activation in skin cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:304. [PMID: 33732380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation, gene regulation and mutation of epidermis cells. Compound C is commonly used as an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which serves as an energy sensor in cells. Recently, compound C has been reported to induce apoptotic and autophagic death in various skin cancer cell lines via an AMPK-independent pathway. However, the signaling pathways activated in compound C-treated cancer cells remain unclear. The present oligodeoxynucleotide-based microarray screening assay showed that the mRNA expression of the zinc-finger transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR-1), which helps regulate cell cycle progression and cell survival, was significantly upregulated in compound C-treated skin cancer cells. Compound C was demonstrated to induce EGR-1 mRNA and protein expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. Confocal imaging showed that compound C-induced EGR-1 protein expression was localized in the nucleus. Compound C was demonstrated to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Inhibition of this compound C-induced ERK phosphorylation downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of EGR-1. In addition, removal of compound C-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only decreased ERK phosphorylation, but also inhibited compound C-induced EGR-1 expression. A functional assay showed that knock down of EGR-1 expression in cancer cells decreased the survival rate while also increasing caspase-3 activity and apoptotic marker expression after compound C treatment. However, no difference in autophagy marker light chain 3-II protein expression was observed between compound C-treated control cells and EGR-1-knockdown cells. Thus, it was concluded that that EGR-1 may antagonize compound C-induced apoptosis but not compound C-induced autophagy through the ROS-mediated ERK activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fan-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Hsiun Tsai
- Department of Management Information System, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Zha F, Qu X, Tang B, Li J, Wang Y, Zheng P, Ji T, Zhu C, Bai S. Long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes fibrosis and inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy via miR-181a/Egr-1/TLR4 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3716-3730. [PMID: 31195367 PMCID: PMC6594792 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). This research aimed to study the potential role and underlying molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA MEG3 in DN. We found that MEG3 was upregulated in DN in vivo and in vitro and could enhance cell fibrosis and inflammatory response in DN. MEG3 functioned as an endogenous sponge for miR-181a in mesangial cells (MCs) via direct targeting and in an Ago2-dependent manner. MiR-181a inhibition promoted MC fibrosis and inflammatory response. In addition, Egr-1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-181a. Further investigations verified that MEG3 promotes fibrosis and inflammatory response via the miR-181a/Egr-1/TLR4 axis in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new insights into the regulation between MEG3 and the miR-181a/Egr-1/TLR4 signaling pathway during DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200215, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - PengXi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Chongming District, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shoujun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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9
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iTRAQ-based proteomics and in vitro experiments reveals essential roles of ACE and AP-N in the renin-angiotensin system-mediated congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Exp Cell Res 2020; 393:112086. [PMID: 32416091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common renal obstructive disorder, but its pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in congenital UPJO pathogenesis. METHODS Differentially expressed proteins in exosomes isolated from amniotic fluid of patients with congenital UPJO were characterized using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based proteomics. The expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and aminopeptidase N (AP-N) in HK2 cells were inhibited by quinapril and siRNA, respectively. Cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species were measured by EdU staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene expression was detected by Western blot or qRT-PCR. The inflammatory factors were measured through ELISA. Mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction were used as the animal model. RESULTS The identity of exosomes from amniotic fluids was confirmed by the expression of CD9 and CD26. In total, 633 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the amniotic fluid-derived exosomes from patients with UPJO, including 376 up- and 257 down-regulated proteins associated with multiple biological processes. Of them, ACE and AP-N were significantly decreased in the amniotic fluid exosomes. Inhibition of ACE and AP-N resulted in suppressed cell proliferation; repressed IARP, AT1R, and MAS1 expression; elevated ROS production; and increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in HK2 cells. Decreased ACE expression and elevated IL-1β levels were also observed in the mouse model. CONCLUSION Suppression of ACE and AP-N expression mediates congenital UPJO pathogenesis by repressing renal tubular epithelial proliferation, promoting ROS production, and enhancing inflammatory factor expression.
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10
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Xu JH, Lu SJ, Wu P, Kong LC, Ning C, Li HY. Molecular mechanism whereby paraoxonase-2 regulates coagulation activation through endothelial tissue factor in rat haemorrhagic shock model. Int Wound J 2020; 17:735-741. [PMID: 32090497 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanism of paraoxonase-2 (PON-2) in regulating blood coagulation activation in rats with haemorrhagic shock through endothelial tissue factor (TF). Thirty adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control group (group A), the haemorrhagic shock PON-2 treatment group (group B), and the haemorrhagic shock group (group C). After the model was established, blood was withdrawn from the inferior vena cava of all rats. The difference in plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels of the three groups was determined by Western blotting. The expression of transcription factors Egr-1 and Sp1 was detected by Western blotting assays. reverse transcription-polymerase chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of t-PA, PAI-1, TM, and PON-2 in the serum of three groups of rats. Endothelial TF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and coagulation assay was used to detect the activity of coagulation factor VIII. Histopathological examination of the arteries of the rats was performed. The molecular mechanism of PON-2 in regulating blood coagulation activation in haemorrhagic shock model rats by endothelial tissue factor was analysed. The expression of thrombin was determined by electrophoresis. Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of TM in groups B and C decreased, both 188.64 ± 12.47 and 137.48 ± 9.72, respectively, with a significant difference. The mRNA expression of TM and PON was determined by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of TM and PON in group B was 0.97 ± 0.07 and 1.14 ± 0.09, compared with the control group, and the mRNA expression of TM and PON in group C was 0.86 ± 0.38 and 1.12 ± 0.41, both of which increased, and there were significant differences. By measuring the expression of endothelial TF, the expression of TF in groups B and C was elevated to 12.69 ± 1.07 and 11.59 ± 0.87, with significant differences. The enzyme activities of PON-2 in groups B and C, which were 110.34 ± 14.37 and 52.37 ± 8.06, respectively, were increased compared with the healthy control group and there were significant differences. PON-2 regulates the activation of coagulation in rats with haemorrhagic shock by regulating the expression of endothelial tissue-related genes such as plasma TM and endothelial TF under hypoxic and ischaemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Jun Lu
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Chen Kong
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ning
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
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11
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Aboud HM, Mahmoud MO, Abdeltawab Mohammed M, Shafiq Awad M, Sabry D. Preparation and appraisal of self-assembled valsartan-loaded amalgamated Pluronic F127/Tween 80 polymeric micelles: Boosted cardioprotection via regulation of Mhrt/Nrf2 and Trx1 pathways in cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Drug Target 2019; 28:282-299. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1650053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammad Shafiq Awad
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Zhao Y, Shang F, Shi W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Liu X, Li B, Hu X, Wang L. Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 Antagonists Modulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via AMPK/mTOR. Cardiology 2019; 143:1-10. [PMID: 31307032 DOI: 10.1159/000500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vascular wall are crucial pathological events involved in cardiovascular impairments including hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. At the molecular level, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p70S6K) signaling pathway is essential to potentiate VSMC proliferation and migration. Although angiotensin II receptor type 1 -(AT1-R) antagonists such as valsartan and telmisartan have a significant cardiovascular protective effect, the molecular basis of this class of drugs in VSMC proliferation and migration remains elusive. By using cultured VSMCs, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 knockout mice, and hypertensive rat models, this study investigated whether AT1-R antagonists can inhibit the mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway in VSMCs and the vascular wall. Valsartan activated AMPK, which in turn suppressed reactive oxygen species production and consequently attenuated VSMC proliferation and migration. In vivo, a clinical dose of telmisartan significantly inhibited the mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway in the vascular wall of wild-type but not AMPKα2-/- mice. Furthermore, spontaneously hypertensive rats had significantly elevated phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K in the aorta compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were reduced by telmisartan administration. These data suggest that AT1-R antagonists inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration via their regulation of AMPK, mTOR, and p70S6K, which contribute to the cardioprotective effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fenqing Shang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weili Shi
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingang Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,
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13
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Expression of Longevity Genes Induced by a Low-Dose Fluvastatin and Valsartan Combination with the Potential to Prevent/Treat "Aging-Related Disorders". Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081844. [PMID: 31013989 PMCID: PMC6514706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aging-related disorders may be decreased through strategies influencing the expression of longevity genes. Although numerous approaches have been suggested, no effective, safe, and easily applicable approach is yet available. Efficacy of low-dose fluvastatin and valsartan, separately or in combination, on the expression of the longevity genes in middle-aged males, was assessed. Stored blood samples from 130 apparently healthy middle-aged males treated with fluvastatin (10 mg daily), valsartan (20 mg daily), fluvastatin-valsartan combination (10 and 20 mg, respectively), and placebo (control) were analyzed. They were taken before and after 30 days of treatment and, additionally, five months after treatment discontinuation. The expression of the following longevity genes was assessed: SIRT1, PRKAA, KLOTHO, NFE2L2, mTOR, and NF-κB. Treatment with fluvastatin and valsartan in combination significantly increased the expression of SIRT1 (1.8-fold; p < 0.0001), PRKAA (1.5-fold; p = 0.262) and KLOTHO (1.7-fold; p < 0.0001), but not NFE2L2, mTOR and NF-κB. Both fluvastatin and valsartan alone significantly, but to a lesser extent, increased the expression of SIRT1, and did not influence the expression of other genes. Five months after treatment discontinuation, genes expression decreased to the basal levels. In addition, analysis with previously obtained results revealed significant correlation between SIRT1 and both increased telomerase activity and improved arterial wall characteristics. We showed that low-dose fluvastatin and valsartan, separately and in combination, substantially increase expression of SIRT1, PRKAA, and KLOTHO genes, which may be attributed to their so far unreported pleiotropic beneficial effects. This approach could be used for prevention of ageing (and longevity genes)–related disorders.
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14
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Ao H, Liu B, Li H, Lu L. Egr1 mediates retinal vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus via promoting p53 transcription. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3345-3356. [PMID: 30887692 PMCID: PMC6484413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study focused on investigating the expression and underlying molecular mechanism of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in diabetic retinopathy. Methods A microarray assay was applied to examine differentially expressed genes in the retina tissues of normal rats, as well as in those of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs) transfected with sh‐NC, sh‐Egr1 or sh‐Egr1+ pVax1‐p53 were cultured under high‐glucose conditions and then used to explore the role of Egr1 in vitro. The effect of Egr1 on retinal vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes was examined by sh‐Egr1 administration in vivo Results Early growth response 1 was found to be up‐regulated in the retinas of diabetic rats compared to those of normal rats. Down‐regulation of Egr1 in HRVECs under high‐glucose conditions inhibited the apoptosis, migration and tube formation in vitro. Moreover, sh‐Egr1 partially reduced the injurious effects of hyperglycaemia on retinal vascular function by decreasing apoptotic cells and microvascular formation in vivo. The reduction of Egr1 evidently down‐regulated the p53 expression. Overexpression of p53 rescued the inhibition of sh‐Egr1 in HRVECs under high‐glucose concentration on apoptosis, migration and tube formation in vitro. Conclusion Down‐regulation of Egr1 partially reduced the injurious effects of hyperglycaemia on retinal vascular function via inhibiting p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Elkahloun AG, Rodriguez Y, Alaiyed S, Wenzel E, Saavedra JM. Telmisartan Protects a Microglia Cell Line from LPS Injury Beyond AT1 Receptor Blockade or PPARγ Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3193-3210. [PMID: 30105672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Telmisartan reduces inflammation through Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation. However, in a mouse microglia-like BV2 cell line, imitating primary microglia responses with high fidelity and devoid of AT1 receptor gene expression or PPARγ activation, Telmisartan reduced gene expression of pro-injury factors, enhanced that of anti-inflammatory genes, and prevented LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers. Using global gene expression profiling and pathways analysis, we revealed that Telmisartan normalized the expression of hundreds of genes upregulated by LPS and linked with inflammation, apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders, while downregulating the expression of genes associated with oncological, neurodegenerative and viral diseases. The PPARγ full agonist Pioglitazone had no neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, the PPARγ antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 were neuroprotective and enhanced Telmisartan effects. GW9226 alone significantly reduced LPS toxic effects and enhanced Telmisartan neuroprotection, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory TLR2 gene expression. Telmisartan and GW9662 effects on LPS injury negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors and upstream regulators, including TLR2, and positively with known neuroprotective factors and upstream regulators. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the Telmisartan and GW9662 data revealed negative correlations with sets of genes associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders and toxic treatments in cultured systems, while demonstrating positive correlations with gene sets associated with neuroprotection and kinase inhibition. Our results strongly suggest that novel neuroprotective effects of Telmisartan and GW9662, beyond AT1 receptor blockade or PPARγ activation, include downregulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway, findings that may have translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr, MSC 4435, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Seham Alaiyed
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Erin Wenzel
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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16
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Wu C, Qin N, Ren H, Yang M, Liu S, Wang Q. Metformin Regulating miR-34a Pathway to Inhibit Egr1 in Rat Mesangial Cells Cultured with High Glucose. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6462793. [PMID: 29681936 PMCID: PMC5841108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6462793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating AMPKα negatively regulates Egr1 to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in high glucose. miR-34a inhibition increases phosphorylated AMPKα through mediating SIRT1 to suppress the development of fatty liver. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the function of Egr1 on the inflammation and fibrosis in high glucose-cultured MCs, as well as to explore the effects of metformin on miR-34a pathway and Egr1 expression. METHODS We transfected MCs with miR-34a inhibitor. And MCs were transfected with small interfering RNA for silencing Egr1 and SIRT1. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay the transcription levels of Egr1 mRNA and miR-34a. Western blot was used to test the protein. And ELISA was used to measure inflammatory factors. RESULTS High glucose upregulates Egr1 to aggravate the inflammation and fibrosis in MCs. miR-34a suppresses the activation of SIRT1/AMPKα and results in promoting Egr1 in high glucose-cultured MCs. Metformin attenuates high glucose-stimulated inflammation and fibrosis in MCs by regulating miR-34a-mediated SIRT1/AMPKα activity and the downstream Egr1 protein. CONCLUSION We enriched the effects of miR-34a pathway regulating Egr1 in high glucose-cultured MCs. It provides a foundation for future researches considering Egr1 as a therapeutic target and a new direction for the clinical application of metformin in early DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningning Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Fuxin City, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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17
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Zhang D, Tang Q, Zheng G, Wang C, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Xuan J, Tian N, Wang X, Wu Y, Xu H, Zhang X. Metformin ameliorates BSCB disruption by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and MMP-9 expression but not direct TJ proteins expression regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3322-3336. [PMID: 28699677 PMCID: PMC5706495 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a major process for the secondary injury of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is considered to be a therapeutic target for SCI. Previously, we demonstrated that metformin could improve functional recovery after SCI; however, the effect of metformin on BSCB is still unknown. In this study, we found that metformin could prevent the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins at day 3 after SCI in vivo, but in vitro there was no significant difference of these proteins between control and metformin treatment in endothelial cells. This indicated that metformin-induced BSCB protection might not be mediated by up-regulating TJ proteins directly, but by inhibiting TJ proteins degradation. Thus, we investigated the role of metformin on MMP-9 and neutrophils infiltration. Neutrophils infiltration is the major source of the enhanced MMP-9 in SCI. Our results showed that metformin decreased MMP-9 production and blocked neutrophils infiltration at day 1 after injury, which might be related to ICAM-1 down-regulation. Also, our in vitro study showed that metformin inhibited TNF-α-induced MMP-9 up-regulation in neutrophils, which might be mediated via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Together, it illustrated that metformin prevented the breakdown of BSCB by inhibiting neutrophils infiltration and MMP-9 production, but not by up-regulating TJ proteins expression. Our study may help to better understand the working mechanism of metformin on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Zhao Y, Wang L, He S, Wang X, Shi W. Nitric oxide synthesis-promoting effects of valsartan in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the Akt/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:132-137. [PMID: 28178430 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Valsartan (VAL), an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1, has antihypertensive and multiple cardiovascular protective effects. The pleiotropic functions of VAL are related to the increased synthesis and biological activity of intravascular nitric oxide (NO). In this study, the role and mechanisms of VAL in the synthesis of NO were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ten µmol/L of VAL was used to treat EA.hy926 cells for 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and three concentrations of VAL (i.e., 10, 1, and 0.1 µmol/L) were used to treat EA.hy926 cells for 24 hours. The cells were divided into five groups: control, VAL, VAL + Compound C (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] inhibitor, 1 µmol/L), VAL + LY294002 (Akt [protein kinase B] inhibitor, 10 µmol/L), and VAL + L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, endothelial NO synthase [eNOS] inhibitor, 500 µmol/L) groups. The NO content in the VAL-treated HUVEC line (EA.hy926) was detected using the nitrate reductase method, and western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK, and eNOS, as well as the changes in total protein levels. VAL increased NO synthesis in EA.hy926 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners (p < 0.05) and the intracellular phosphorylation levels of Akt, AMPK, and eNOS at the corresponding time points. LY294002, Compound C, and L-NAME could inhibit the VAL-promoted NO synthesis. VAL activated Akt, AMPK, and eNOS, thus promoting NO synthesis and playing a protective role in endothelial cells. These results partially explained the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular protective effects of VAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Lee DU, Ko YS, Kim HJ, Chang KC. 13-Ethylberberine reduces HMGB1 release through AMPK activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and protects endotoxemic mice from organ damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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20
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Chang KC, Ko YS, Kim HJ, Nam DY, Lee DU. 13-Methylberberine reduces HMGB1 release in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and increases the survival of septic mice through AMPK/P38 MAPK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:269-276. [PMID: 27632705 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a late phase cytokine of sepsis, is viewed as a potential target for the treatment of sepsis. The authors considered that 13-methylberberine (13-MB) might reduce circulating HMGB1 levels and increase survival in a mouse model of sepsis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Western blot analysis and vascular contraction testing were performed using RAW264.7 cells and rat thoracic aorta, respectively. The mechanisms responsible were investigated using various signal inhibitors and small interfering RNA techniques. 13-MB significantly reduced HMGB1 release by LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, and this was prevented by silencing AMPK or p38, or by pretreating cells with p38 MAPKinase inhibitor, suggesting that the activations of p38 and AMPK were responsible for the observed reduction in HMGB1 release. As was expected, 13-MB increased the phosphorylations of p38 and AMPK. Interestingly, phosphorylations of p38 by 13-MB were inhibited by AMPKsiRNA, indicating that AMPK lies upstream of p38. Furthermore, 13-MB concentration-dependently inhibited IκB phosphorylation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, and in aortic rings, co-treatment with 13-MB and LPS for 8h, in vitro, significantly restored the isometric contraction induced by phenylephrine. Importantly, 13-MB significantly increased the survival rate of LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. These results suggest 13-MB may be useful for treating diseases in which HMGB1 is viewed as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shin Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeong Nam
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YM, Kim JH, Park SW, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Retinoic acid inhibits tissue factor and HMGB1 via modulation of AMPK activity in TNF-α activated endothelial cells and LPS-injected mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:615-23. [PMID: 26116962 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid (RA) is the active vitamin A derivative and has diverse immunomodulatory actions. We hypothesized that RA reduces prothrombotic mediators such as tissue factor (TF) in endothelial cells during inflammatory conditions via an AMPK-dependent pathway, which attenuates cardiovascular complications. RESULTS RA significantly increased AMPK and Akt phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in endothelial cells (EC). RA downregulated TF expression at the transcriptional and translational levels in TNF-α activated ECs, which was reversed by the silencing of AMPK and transfection of DN-AMPK. Interestingly, the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 reversed the RA effect on TF expression. Increased AMPK phosphorylation by RA was inhibited by LY294002. However, increased Akt phosphorylation was not reduced by compound C, indicating that PI3K/Akt signaling modulates AMPK activity. In addition, RA reduced HMGB1 release in TNF-α activated ECs, which was reversed by both LY294001 and siAMPK. Importantly, administration of RA (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood TF activity, circulating HMGB1 and PAI-1 levels and expression of hepatic TF mRNA as well as fibrin deposition in LPS (5 mg/kg)-injected mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the activation of PI3K/Akt by RA modulates AMPK activity in ECs and plays a crucial role in the inhibition of coagulatory factors such as TF, PAI-1, and HMGB1 in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, 660-751 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, 660-751 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, 660-751 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, 660-751 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, 660-751 Jinju, South Korea.
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Bode MF, Mackman N. Protective and pathological roles of tissue factor in the heart. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:37-46. [PMID: 25434707 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in the heart where it is required for haemostasis. High levels of TF are also expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and likely contribute to atherothrombosis after plaque rupture. Indeed, risk factors for atherothrombosis, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and hypertension, are associated with increased TF expression in circulating monocytes, microparticles and plasma. Several therapies that reduce atherothrombosis, such as statins, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and anti-platelet drugs, are associated with reduced TF expression. In addition to its haemostatic and pro-thrombotic functions, the TF : FVIIa complex and downstream coagulation proteases activate cells by cleavage of protease-activated receptors (PARs). In mice, deficiencies in either PAR-1 or PAR-2 reduce cardiac remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This suggests that inhibition of coagulation proteases and PARs may be protective in heart attack patients. In contrast, the TF/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway is beneficial in a mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis. We found that stimulation of PAR-1 increases the innate immune response by enhancing TLR3-dependent IFN-β expression. Therefore, inhibition of the TF/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway in patients with viral myocarditis could have detrimental effects. CONCLUSION The TF : FVIIa complex has both protective and pathological roles in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Mackman
- Nigel Mackman, Ph.D., FAHA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, 111 Mason Farm Road, 2312B Medical Biomolecular Research Bldg., CB #7126, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA, E-mail:
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Hyperhomocysteinemia accelerates collagen accumulation in the adventitia of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries via angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19487-98. [PMID: 25350112 PMCID: PMC4264124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) increases collagen type I accumulation in rat vascular adventitia after balloon injury and that Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces collagen synthesis in vascular adventitial fibroblasts. Reports also indicate that Ang II type1 receptor (AT1R) activation, mediated by homocysteine (Hcy) may contribute to collagen type 1 expression in mouse aortic endothelial cells. However, little is known about the possible mechanisms behind the relationship between Hcy and AT1R in adventitial remodeling. Thus, we investigated whether HHcy induces collagen accumulation via activation of AT1R in the adventitia. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group and a 1% l-methionine-induced HHcy group. Balloon injury was performed after 12 experimental weeks and animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days after injury. Collagen deposition and AT1R expression was measured with Western blot. Serum Hcy, adventitial collagen, and AT1R levels were higher in the HHcy group compared with the control group. Hcy time-dependently induced collagen type 1 and AT1R expression, with the highest induction observed at 48 h. Also, we observed that the AT1R blocker, valsartan, attenuated collagen type 1 and AT1R expression. HHcy exacerbates adventitial remodeling after balloon injury, and the underling mechanisms may be related to AT1R activity.
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