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Abd Elhameed HAH, Attia MS, Mohamed AAA, Alexeree SMI, Behery EIE, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Di Cerbo A, Azzam MM, Mawed SA. The Role of Phthalocyanine-Gold Nanoconjugates (Pc-Au NCs) in Ameliorating the Hepatic and Renal Toxicity-Induced by Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04209-1. [PMID: 38739260 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) have gained tremendous attention for its unique properties as a safe nanocarrier for delivering drugs that are used in different disease diagnoses. Although silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been generally applied due to their strong antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties, their toxicity is a subject of sustained debate, thus requiring further studies. The present study aims to evaluate the potential protective effect of gold nanoparticles and phthalocyanine-gold nanoconjugates (Pc-Au NCs) against the hepatorenal toxicity of silver nanoparticles in male rats. Herein, 60 adult male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 10/group); the first group was kept as control, the second received gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) intraperitoneally (10 µg/kg) daily for 3 weeks, the third group is gold-phthalocyanine (Pc-Au) group where rats were injected intraperitoneally with gold-phthalocyanine for 3 weeks (10 µg/kg), the fourth group received silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (4 mg/kg) daily intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, the fifth group is silver + gold nanoparticles group (Ag + Au), and the sixth is silver + gold-phthalocyanine nanoconjugates (Ag + Pc-Au) group in which rats were intraperitoneally injected firstly with Ag NPs (4 mg/kg) for 3 weeks then with gold or gold-phthalocyanine for another 3 weeks (10 µg/kg). Our results revealed that Ag NPs could increase the serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and lipid profile and significantly decreased the total protein and albumin. Moreover, histopathological alterations detected in the kidney and the liver of the Ag NPs group included vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue distortion. Alongside, exposure to Ag NPs induces hepatic and renal oxidative stress by suppressing the antioxidant-related genes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat). Ag NPs also upregulated the hepatic and renal genes involved in inflammation such as the interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κβ), apoptosis such as the BCL2 associated X (bax), casp3, and other related to metabolism including asparagine synthetase (asns), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3), MYC proto-oncogene (myc), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2). On the other hand, treatment with Au NPs and Pc-Au NCs could effectively ameliorate the hepatorenal damages induced by Ag NPs and improve liver and kidney architecture and function, especially in the Pc-Au NCs group. Briefly, our study revealed the underlined mechanism of Ag NPs hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects and that Pc-Au NCs could alleviate these adverse impacts via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A H Abd Elhameed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amira A A Mohamed
- Department of Animal Production, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M I Alexeree
- Department of Laser Application in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I El Behery
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan Attia Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Fan C, Yang X, Yan L, Shi Z. Oxidative stress is two-sided in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6806. [PMID: 38715546 PMCID: PMC11077289 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress caused by elevated ROS, as a novel therapeutic mechanism, has been implicated in various tumors including AML. AML cells are chronically under oxidative stress, yet overreliance on ROS production makes tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further damage. Reducing the cytotoxic effect of ROS on normal cells while killing leukemia stem cell (LSC) with high levels of reactive oxygen species is a new challenge for oxidative stress therapy in leukemia. METHODS By searching literature databases, we summarized recent relevant studies. The relationship of ROS on AML genes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors, and the correlation of ROS with AML bone marrow microenvironment and autophagy were summarized. In addition, we summarize the current status of research on ROS and AML therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the research progress on redox resistance in AML. RESULTS This review discusses the evidence showing the link between redox reactions and the progression of AML and compiles the latest research findings that will facilitate future biological studies of redox effects associated with AML treatment. CONCLUSION We believe that exploiting this unique oxidative stress property of AML cells may provide a new way to prevent relapse and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Lixiang Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Zhexin Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
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Huang Q, Liu J, Peng C, Han X, Tan Z. Hesperidin ameliorates H 2O 2-induced bovine mammary epithelial cell oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:57. [PMID: 38589950 PMCID: PMC11003082 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperidin is a citrus flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. However, its protective effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) exposed to oxidative stress have not been elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the effects of hesperidin on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in bMECs and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that hesperidin attenuated H2O2-induced cell damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increasing catalase (CAT) activity, and improving cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, hesperidin activated the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by inducing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of its downstream genes NQO1 and HO-1, which are antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS scavenging and cellular redox balance. The protective effects of hesperidin were blocked by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, indicating that they were Nrf2 dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hesperidin could protect bMECs from oxidative stress injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting that hesperidin as a natural antioxidant has positive potential as a feed additive or plant drug to promote the health benefits of bovine mammary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiashuo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Can Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
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Zhang T, Wang C, Song A, Lei X, Li G, Sun H, Wang X, Geng Z, Shu G, Deng X. Water extract of earthworms mitigates mouse liver fibrosis by potentiating hepatic LKB1/Nrf2 axis to inhibit HSC activation and hepatocyte death. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117495. [PMID: 38016572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE When left untreated, liver fibrosis (LF) causes various chronic liver diseases. Earthworms (Pheretima aspergillum) are widely used in traditional medicine because of their capacity to relieve hepatic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the anti-LF effects of water extract of earthworms (WEE) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCl4-induced mouse model of LF was used to study the impact of WEE on LF in vivo. The anti-LF activity of WEE in mice was compared with that of silybin, which can be clinically applied in LF intervention and was used as a positive control. Activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and apoptosis and ferroptosis of AML-12 hepatocytes induced by TGFβ1 were used as in vitro models. RESULTS WEE drastically improved LF in mice. WEE reduced markers of activated HSCs in mice and inhibited TGFβ1-induced activation of LX-2 HSCs in vitro. Additionally, WEE suppressed CCl4-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Mechanistically, WEE induced Nrf2 to enter the nuclei of the mouse liver cells, and the hepatic levels of Nrf2-downstream antioxidative factors increased. LKB1/AMPK/GSK3β is an upstream regulatory cascade of Nrf2. In the LF mouse model, WEE increased hepatic phosphorylated LKB1, AMPK, and GSK3β levels. Similar results were obtained for the LX-2 cells. In AML-12 hepatocytes and LX-2 HSCs, WEE elevated intracellular Nrf2 levels, promoted its nuclear translocation, and inhibited TGFβ1-induced ROS accumulation. Knocking down LKB1 abolished the impact of WEE on the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 cascade and eliminated its protective effects against TGFβ1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that WEE improves mouse LF triggered by CCl4 and supports its application as a promising hepatoprotective agent against LF. The potentiation of the hepatic antioxidative AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 cascade by activating LKB1 and the subsequent suppression of HSC activation and hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis are implicated in WEE-mediated alleviation of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anning Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangqiong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangwen Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xukun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
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Huang Y, Luo W, Yang Z, Lan T, Wei X, Wu H. Machine learning and experimental validation identified autophagy signature in hepatic fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337105. [PMID: 38481992 PMCID: PMC10933073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis (HF), closely related to autophagy, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate autophagy characteristics in HF. Methods Gene expression profiles (GSE6764, GSE49541 and GSE84044) were downloaded, normalized, and merged. Autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs) were determined using the limma R package and the Wilcoxon rank sum test and then analyzed by GO, KEGG, GSEA and GSVA. The infiltration of immune cells, molecular subtypes and immune types of healthy control (HC) and HF were analyzed. Machine learning was carried out with two methods, by which, core genes were obtained. Models of liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro were constructed to verify the expression of core genes and corresponding immune cells. Results A total of 69 ARDEGs were identified. Series functional cluster analysis showed that ARDEGs were significantly enriched in autophagy and immunity. Activated CD4 T cells, CD56bright natural killer cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, and type 17 T helper (Th17) cells showed significant differences in infiltration between HC and HF groups. Among ARDEGs, three core genes were identified, that were ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2. Considerable changes in the infiltration of immune cells were observed at different expression levels of the three core genes, among which the expression of RB1CC1 was significantly associated with the infiltration of macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell. In the mouse liver fibrosis experiment, ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2 were at higher levels in HF group than those in HC group. Compared with HC group, HF group showed low positive area in F4/80, IL-17 and CD56, indicating decreased expression of macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell. Meanwhile, knocking down RB1CC1 was found to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and alleviate liver fibrosis. Conclusion ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2 are promising autophagy-related therapeutic biomarkers for HF. This is the first study to identify RB1CC1 in HF, which may promote the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaomou Wei
- Department of Scientific Research, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Bi Y, Liu S, Qin X, Abudureyimu M, Wang L, Zou R, Ajoolabady A, Zhang W, Peng H, Ren J, Zhang Y. FUNDC1 interacts with GPx4 to govern hepatic ferroptosis and fibrotic injury through a mitophagy-dependent manner. J Adv Res 2024; 55:45-60. [PMID: 36828120 PMCID: PMC10770120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological anomaly which usually evolves into advanced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma although limited therapeutic option is readily available. FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a mitophagy receptor with little information in liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the role for FUNDC1 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. METHODS GEO database analysis and subsequent validation of biological processes including western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation were applied to clarify the regulatory role of FUNDC1 on mitophagy and ferroptosis. RESULTS Our data revealed elevated FUNDC1 levels in liver tissues of patients with liver fibrotic injury and CCl4-challenged mice. FUNDC1 deletion protected against CCl4-induced hepatic anomalies in mice. Moreover, FUNDC1 deletion ameliorated CCl4-induced ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, FUNDC1 interacted with glutathione peroxidase (GPx4), a selenoenzyme to neutralize lipid hydroperoxides and ferroptosis, via its 96-133 amino acid domain to facilitate GPx4 recruitment into mitochondria from cytoplasm. GPx4 entered mitochondria through mitochondrial protein import system-the translocase of outer membrane/translocase of inner membrane (TOM/TIM) complex, prior to degradation of GPx4 mainly through mitophagy along with ROS-induced damaged mitochondria, resulting in hepatocyte ferroptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data favored that FUNDC1 promoted hepatocyte injury through GPx4 binding to facilitate its mitochondrial translocation through TOM/TIM complex, where GPx4 was degraded by mitophagy to trigger ferroptosis. Targeting FUNDC1 may be a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuolin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miyesaier Abudureyimu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Kundu B, Iyer MR. A patent review on aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors: an overview of small molecule inhibitors from the last decade. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:651-668. [PMID: 38037334 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2287515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiological and pathophysiological effects arising from detoxification of aldehydes in humans implicate the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene family comprising of 19 isoforms. The main function of this enzyme family is to metabolize reactive aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Dysregulation of ALDH activity has been associated with various diseases. Extensive research has since gone into studying ALHD isozymes, their structural biology and developing small-molecule inhibitors. Novel chemical strategies to enhance the selectivity of ALDH inhibitors have now appeared. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive review of patent literature related to aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors in the last decade and half (2007-2022) is provided. EXPERT OPINION Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an important enzyme that metabolizes reactive exogenous and endogenous aldehydes in the body through NAD(P)±dependent oxidation. Hence this family of enzymes possess important physiological as well as toxicological roles in human body. Significant efforts in the field have led to potent inhibitors with approved clinical agents for alcohol use disorder therapy. Further clinical translation of novel compounds targeting ALDH inhibition will validate the promised therapeutic potential in treating many human diseases.The scientific/patent literature has been searched on SciFinder-n, Reaxys, PubMed, Espacenet and Google Patents. The search terms used were 'ALDH inhibitors', 'Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Yao Z, Li X, Wang W, Ren P, Song S, Wang H, Xie Y, Li X, Li Z. Corn peptides attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9547. [PMID: 37808204 PMCID: PMC10552710 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corn peptides, a novel food prepared from corn gluten meal (CGM) by enzymatic hydrolysis or microbial fermentation, have attracted considerable interest owing to their various bioactive properties. However, the underlying mechanism of corn peptides attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of corn peptides in NAFLD and to decipher the underlying mechanisms. Design NAFLD was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Corn peptides were administered during the period. Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells induced by free fatty acids were used for this mechanism study. Results Corn peptides alleviated HFD-induced histopathological changes, disorders of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial damage. Moreover, corn peptides blocked mitophagy suppression by HFD based on the increased LC3, ATG7 expressions, as well as decreased P62 levels. Corn peptides increased the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as PPARα and PGC-1α. Corn peptides also improved the Ser/Thr kinase PINK1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin (Parkin) translocation to mitochondria, which is confirmed by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, stable knockdown of PINK1 by PINK1 SiRNA in HepG2 inhibited PINK1-Parkin-associated mitophagy and resulted in lipid accumulation. Conclusion Corn peptides improved cell injury and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation via PINK1/Parkin-mediated autophagy in NAFLD. Thus, corn peptides could be a promising nutritional molecule with natural functions for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicui Yao
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- College of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shiming Song
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xingbo Li
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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王 丽, 田 美, 李 蓉, 吴 越, 王 莎, 吕 恒, 刘 忠, 于 影. [Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ameliorates lung endothelial barrier and balances mitochondrial dynamics in mice with acute lung injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1388-1395. [PMID: 37712276 PMCID: PMC10505575 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.08.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS Sixty C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into Sham group, LPS group, LPS + Alda-1 (an ALDH2 agonist) group, and LPS + Daidzin (an ALDH2 inhibitor) group. After the treatment, the wet/dry lung mass ratio of the mice was measured, and the lung permeability was evaluated with Evans Blue (EB). The lung tissue pathologies were evaluated with HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured with ELISA, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined to measure oxidative stress levels. The expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, OPA1, Drp1, Fis1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the lung tissues were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The mice with LPS-induced ALI showed severe disruption of the lung tissue structure and endothelial cell tight junctions with significantly increased the lung permeability (P<0.01), increased levels of 4-HNE and MDA (P<0.01), decreased activities of CAT and SOD (P<0.01), lowered expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, and OPA1 proteins, and increased expressions of Drp1, Fis1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins (P<0.05, P<0.01). Treatment with Alda-1 significantly improved lung tissue pathologies and mitochondrial damage in ALI mice (P<0.01), increased the expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, OPA1, Mfn2, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and lowered the expressions of Drp1 and Fis1 proteins (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with Alda-1, treatment with Daidzin significantly increased the lung permeability, exacerbated mitochondrial damage, decreased the expression of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, OPA1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and increased expressions of Drp1 and Fis1 proteins (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION ALDH2 can ameliorate LPSinduced lung endothelial barrier damage in ALI mice by maintaining the balance of mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting oxidative stress, and the mechanism may be related to the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 丽娅 王
- 蚌埠医学院生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 美惠 田
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 蓉 李
- 蚌埠医学院生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 越 吴
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 莎莎 王
- 蚌埠医学院生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 恒 吕
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 忠义 刘
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 影 于
- 蚌埠医学院生理学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- 蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233000Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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Wu YC, Yao Y, Tao LS, Wang SX, Hu Y, Li LY, Hu S, Meng X, Yang DS, Li H, Xu T. The role of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110550. [PMID: 36464104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Common liver tissue damage is mainly due to the accumulation of toxic aldehydes in lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Cumulative toxic aldehydes in the liver can be effectively metabolized by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), thereby alleviating various liver diseases. Notably, gene mutation of ALDH2 leads to impaired ALDH2 enzyme activity, thus aggravating the progress of liver diseases. However, the relationship and specific mechanism between ALDH2 and liver diseases are not clear. Consequently, the review explains the relationship between ALDH2 and liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, this review also discusses ALDH2 as a potential therapeutic target for various liver diseases,and focuses on summarizing the regulatory mechanism of ALDH2 in these liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Cui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Liang-Song Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Da-Shuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - He Li
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230001, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, China.
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Tulen CBM, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Disruption of the Molecular Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Airway and Lung Epithelial Cells by Cigarette Smoke: Are Aldehydes the Culprit? Cells 2023; 12:cells12020299. [PMID: 36672235 PMCID: PMC9857032 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease for which cigarette smoking is the main risk factor. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are short-chain aldehydes known to be formed during pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco and have been linked to respiratory toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested to be mechanistically and causally involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated lung diseases such as COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been shown to impair the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and content in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. Although it is unknown which specific chemicals present in CS are responsible for this, it has been suggested that aldehydes may be involved. Therefore, it has been proposed by the World Health Organization to regulate aldehydes in commercially-available cigarettes. In this review, we comprehensively describe and discuss the impact of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde on mitochondrial function and content and the molecular pathways controlling this (biogenesis versus mitophagy) in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. In addition, potential therapeutic applications targeting (aldehyde-induced) mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as regulatory implications, and the necessary required future studies to provide scientific support for this regulation, have been covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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12
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Shi XY, Yue XL, Xu YS, Jiang M, Li RJ. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of the current evidence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1062502. [PMID: 36910525 PMCID: PMC9996072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia underlie the pathological basis of atherosclerosis (AS). Clinical studies have confirmed that there is still residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) even after intense reduction of LDL. Some of this residual risk can be explained by inflammation as anti-inflammatory therapy is effective in improving outcomes in subjects treated with LDL-lowering agents. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is closely related to early-stage inflammation in AS. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important enzyme of toxic aldehyde metabolism located in mitochondria and works in the metabolism of toxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and MDA. Despite studies confirming that ALDH2 can negatively regulate NLRP3 inflammasome and delay the development of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a common downstream pathway activated for NLRP3 inflammasome. ALDH2 can reduce the multiple sources of ROS, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, thereby reducing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Further, according to the downstream of ALDH2 and the upstream of NLRP3, the molecules and related mechanisms of ALDH2 on NLRP3 inflammasome are comprehensively expounded as possible. The potential mechanism may provide potential inroads for treating ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Shi
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yue
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - You-Shun Xu
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Jian Li
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang XM, Wu Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Li D, Nie HZ, Wang YH, Li J, Ma X. Disulfiram inhibits liver fibrosis in rats by suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation and viability. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 35864505 PMCID: PMC9306139 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injury, featuring with excess accumulation of extracellular matrix secreted by the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Disulfiram (DSF), also known as Antabuse, has been used for the treatment of alcohol addiction and substance abuse. Recently, overwhelming studies had revealed anti-cancer effects of DSF in multiple cancers, including liver cancer. But the actual effects of DSF on liver fibrosis and liver function remain unknown. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of low-dose DSF in CCl4- and Bile Duct Ligation (BDL)—induced hepatic fibrosis rat models. Cell proliferation was detected by using the Cell-Light™ EdU Apollo®567 Cell Tracking Kit. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using a TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) kit, viability was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8). Relative mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. The degree of liver fibrosis, activated HSCs, were separately evaluated through Sirius Red-staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparagine aminotransferase (AST) activities were detected with ALT and AST detecting kits using an automated analyzer. Results Liver fibrosis was distinctly attenuated while liver functions were moderately ameliorated in the DSF-treated group. Activation and proliferation of primary rat HSCs isolated from rat livers were significantly suppressed by low-dose DSF. DSF also inhibited the viability of in vitro cultured rat or human HSC cells dose-dependently but had no repressive role on human immortalized hepatocyte THLE-2 cells. Interestingly, upon DSF treatment, the viability of LX-2 cells co-cultured with THLE-2 was significantly inhibited, while that of THLE-2 co-cultured with LX-2 was increased. Further study indicated that HSCs apoptosis was increased in DSF/CCl4-treated liver samples. These data indicated that DSF has potent anti-fibrosis effects and protective effects toward hepatocytes and could possibly be repurposed as an anti-fibrosis drug in the clinic. Conclusions DSF attenuated ECM remodeling through suppressing the transformation of quiet HSCs into proliferative, fibrogenic myofibroblasts in hepatic fibrosis rat models. DSF provides a novel approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Shan L, Yu P. Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on nitroglycerin-tolerance in rats by improving oxidative stress and ribosome homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:141-147. [PMID: 35724458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) is recommended as the first-line drug in angina pectoris though its prolonged use impacts nitroglycerin tolerance. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a famous Chinese medicine used for cardiovascular diseases, on NTG-induced tolerance and further explained the underlying mechanism of its action. The results revealed that pretreatment of TMP improved NTG-induced tolerance in vitro thoracic aorta rings and in rats. Proteomic analysis showed oxidative stress and ribosome proteins dyshomeostasis in NTG-tolerance vessels. TMP attenuated the oxidative stress by enhancing the protein expression of ALDH2, Nrf2 and HO-1. In addition, TMP recovered the down-regulated expression of RpL10a induced by nitroglycerin. Therefore, TMP could prevent nitroglycerin tolerance in rats, which may be mediated by up-regulation of ALDH2 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and involved in the restoration of ribosome homeostasis. These findings indicate the potential of TMP as a promising medicine for preventing the development of nitroglycerin-induced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Pei Yu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Yan J, Fang X, Feng Y, Cui X, Li F, Luo W, Ma X, Liang J, Feng J. Identification of key genes associated with the progression of liver fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma based on iTRAQ proteomics and GEO database. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100681. [PMID: 35124283 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis (LF) often leads to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to identify potential biomarkers for the progression of LF to HCC and explore the associated molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to detect changes in the protein expression profiles of liver tissues and to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LF rats and patients were screened by Gene Expression Database (GEO). Subsequently, the clinicopathological analysis of the overlapping genes in different pathological stages in HCC patients based on GEPIA database was conducted. RESULTS iTRAQ proteomic analysis revealed 689, 749 and 585 DEPs in the 6W, 8W and 12W groups, respectively. ALDH2, SLC27A5 and ASNS were not only the DEPs found in rats with LF with different stages but were also the DEGs related to the pathological stages and survival in patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2, SLC27A5 and ASNS were the potential biomarkers associated with the progression of LF to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xuewan Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yinyi Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Superior Proprietary Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Centre, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Superior Proprietary Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Centre, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
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Zhu W, Feng D, Shi X, Wei Q, Yang L. The Potential Role of Mitochondrial Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 in Urological Cancers From the Perspective of Ferroptosis and Cellular Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:850145. [PMID: 35517510 PMCID: PMC9065557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.850145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superlative lipid peroxidation promote tumorigenesis, and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is associated with the detoxification of ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation-generated reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde, and acrolein due to tobacco smoking. ALDH2 has been demonstrated to be highly associated with the prognosis and chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of many types of cancer, including leukemia, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer. In this study, we explored the possible relationship between ALDH2 and urological cancers from the aspects of ferroptosis, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wei
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
| | - Lu Yang
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
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Salihu M, Batiha GES, Kasozi KI, Zouganelis GD, Sharkawi SM, Ahmed EI, Usman IM, Nalugo H, Ochieng JJ, Ssengendo I, Okeniran OS, Pius T, Kimanje KR, Kegoye ES, Kenganzi R, Ssempijja F. Crinum jagus (J. Thomps. Dandy): Antioxidant and protective properties as a medicinal plant on toluene-induced oxidative stress damages in liver and kidney of rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:699-712. [PMID: 35433275 PMCID: PMC9011043 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crinum jagus (C. jagus; J. Thomps.) Dandy (Liliaceae) is a pantropical plant known for its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The study assessed the protective effects and changes in oxidative stress indices due to C. jagus leaf extracts on the toluene-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 80), weighing 243.3 ± 1.42 g. Group I, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group II, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group III, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group IV, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group V, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group VI, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group VII, 500 mg/kg of vitamin C for 7 days; Group, VIII, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg vitamin C for 7 days, all administrations were given by oral gavage. The phytochemical contents, absolute and relative organ weights of liver and kidneys, liver and kidney function tests, antioxidant status, as well as histological tests were analyzed using standard protocols. The tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols were in highest concentration in both extracts, content in methanol extract (57.04 ± 1.51 mgg-1, 35.43 ± 1.03 mgg-1, 28.2 ± 0.34 mgg-1 respectively) > aqueous extract (18.74 ± 1.01 mgg-1, 13.43 ± 0.47 mgg-1, 19.65 ± 0.21 mgg-1 respectively). In the negative control group (II), bodyweights significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 22%, liver weight and kidney weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 42% and 83% respectively, liver-to-bodyweight and kidney-to-bodyweight ratios increased significantly (P < 0.05); serum liver function tests (LFTs) i.e., bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and serum kidney function tests (creatinine and urea) were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated; oxidant status (tissue malondialdehyde; MDA) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, antioxidant status i.e., tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; with markedly visible renal and hepatic histopathological findings, compared to the normal control group. In C. jagus extract test groups (III and IV), the parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated and reversed to normal/near normal compared to the negative control. The LFTs, kidney function tests, and antioxidant status were significantly (P < 0.05) more improved with the methanol extract test and standard control groups compared to the aqueous extract test group; Also, the methanol extract test group showed better histological features than the aqueous extract test and standard control groups. The methanolic extract shows better antioxidant potential due to the availability of more nonenzymatic antioxidants (tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols). The findings showed that toluene is a very aggressive xenobiotic due to the promotion of oxidative stress and peroxidation of cellular lipids, but C. jagus leaves provide significant protection through the reducing power of nonenzymatic antioxidants and their ability to induce endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and glutathione reductase or GR) causing reduced cellular lipid peroxidation and tissue damages, quickened tissue repair, and improved cell biology of liver and kidneys during toluene toxicity. The methanol leaf extract provides better protection and should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in alleviating oxidative stress tissue injuries, specifically due to toluene.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase
- Anti-lipid peroxidation
- Antioxidants
- Catalase Crinum jagus
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, Glutathione
- Glutathione superoxide dismutase
- Histoprotective
- LFTs, Liver function tests
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TOL, Toluene
- Toluene toxicity
- VC, Vitamin C
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Salihu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | | | - George D. Zouganelis
- Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, DE22 1GB, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Souty M.Z. Sharkawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman Ibrahim Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72346, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Halima Nalugo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Juma J. Ochieng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Ssengendo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Olatayo Segun Okeniran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Theophilus Pius
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kyobe Ronald Kimanje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eric Simidi Kegoye
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ritah Kenganzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Fei Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Jiang H, Peng A. Montelukast ameliorated pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7894-7903. [PMID: 35291928 PMCID: PMC9208499 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed (PEM) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of clinical non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is reported to induce severe hepatotoxicity. Exploring potential drugs which could counteract the side effects of PEM is of great clinical interest. Here, we aim to examine the beneficial effects of Montelukast, a novel anti-asthma drug, against PEM-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes, and to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that Montelukast reduces cytotoxicity of PEM in hepatocytes, confirmed by its increasing cell viability and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In addition, Montelukast attenuated PEM-induced oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), and downregulating NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) expression. Importantly, Montelukast suppressed PEM-induced activation of the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and mitigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reducing NLRP3, growth arrest, and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), CEBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and also blocking the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) signaling pathway. Lastly, we found that Montelukast inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Montelukast exerted a protective action against PEM-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by mitigating ER stress and NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Fei
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Gao J, Hao Y, Piao X, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052682. [PMID: 35269824 PMCID: PMC8910853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Malik MNH, Waqas SFH, Zeitvogel J, Cheng J, Geffers R, Gouda ZAE, Elsaman AM, Radwan AR, Schefzyk M, Braubach P, Auber B, Olmer R, Müsken M, Roesner LM, Gerold G, Schuchardt S, Merkert S, Martin U, Meissner F, Werfel T, Pessler F. Congenital deficiency reveals critical role of ISG15 in skin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:141573. [PMID: 34847081 PMCID: PMC8803340 DOI: 10.1172/jci141573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerating skin lesions are manifestations of human ISG15 deficiency, a type I interferonopathy. However, chronic inflammation may not be their exclusive cause. We describe two siblings with recurrent skin ulcers that healed with scar formation upon corticosteroid treatment. Both had a homozygous nonsense mutation in the ISG15 gene, leading to unstable ISG15 protein lacking the functional domain. We characterized ISG15–/– dermal fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived vascular endothelial cells. ISG15-deficient cells exhibited the expected hyperinflammatory phenotype, but also dysregulated expression of molecules critical for connective tissue and epidermis integrity, including reduced collagens and adhesion molecules, but increased matrix metalloproteinases. ISG15–/– fibroblasts exhibited elevated ROS levels and reduced ROS scavenger expression. As opposed to hyperinflammation, defective collagen and integrin synthesis was not rescued by conjugation-deficient ISG15. Cell migration was retarded in ISG15–/– fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes, but normalized under ruxolitinib treatment. Desmosome density was reduced in an ISG15–/– 3D epidermis model. Additionally, there were loose architecture and reduced collagen and desmoglein expression, which could be reversed by treatment with ruxolitinib/doxycycline/TGF-β1. These results reveal critical roles of ISG15 in maintaining cell migration and epidermis and connective tissue homeostasis, whereby the latter likely requires its conjugation to yet unidentified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Syed F Hassnain Waqas
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Zeitvogel
- Institute for Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Cheng
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ahmed R Radwan
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Matthias Schefzyk
- Institute for Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- LEBAO, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lennart M Roesner
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Department of Bio and Environmental Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- LEBAO, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Lv XF, Zhang AQ, Liu WQ, Zhao M, Li J, He L, Cheng L, Sun YF, Qin G, Lu P, Ji YH, Ji JL. Liver injury changes the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprograms hepatic macrophages in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7509-7529. [PMID: 34887646 PMCID: PMC8613741 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i43.7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their small RNA (sRNA) cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury. However, the dynamic changes in serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury have not been well characterized. Given that hepatic macrophages can quickly clear intravenously injected sEVs, the effect of liver injury-related serum sEVs on hepatic macrophages deserves to be explored.
AIM To identify the characteristics of serum sEVs and the sRNAs during liver injury and explore their effects on hepatic macrophages.
METHODS To identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury, we established a CCL4-induced mouse liver injury model in C57BL/6 mice to simulate acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver injury (CLI) and recovery. Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled by sRNA sequencing. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were compared to mouse liver-enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs related to human liver diseases. The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs and conditioned cultures of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.
RESULTS We found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs. The proportion of serum sEV miRNAs increased upon liver injury, with the liver as the primary contributor. The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mouse studies were consistent with human liver disease-related circulating miRNAs. We established serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI and a panel of miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-22-3p) as a common marker for liver injury. The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI contributed mainly to liver steatosis and inflammation, while those in CLI contributed primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia. ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages in vitro.
CONCLUSION Serum sEVs acquired different concentrations, sizes, morphologies and sRNA contents upon liver injury and could change the phenotype of liver macrophages. Serum sEVs therefore have good diagnostic and therapeutic potential for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Lv
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - An-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ju-Ling Ji
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Lizano-Fallas V, Carrasco Del Amor A, Cristobal S. Systematic analysis of chemical-protein interactions from zebrafish embryo by proteome-wide thermal shift assay, bridging the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104382. [PMID: 34555547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interaction between chemicals and proteins often promotes alteration of cellular function. One of the challenges of the toxicology is to predict the impact of exposure to chemicals. Assessing the impact of exposure implies to understand their mechanism of actions starting from identification of specific protein targets of the interaction. Current methods can mainly predict effects of characterized chemicals with knowledge of its targets, and mechanism of actions. Here, we show that proteome-wide thermal shift methods can identify chemical-protein interactions and the protein targets from bioactive chemicals. We analyzed the identified targets from a soluble proteome extracted from zebrafish embryo, that is a model system for toxicology. To evaluate the utility to predict mechanism of actions, we discussed the applicability in four cases: single chemicals, chemical mixtures, novel chemicals, and novel drugs. Our results showed that this methodology could identify the protein targets, discriminate between protein increasing and decreasing in solubility, and offering additional data to complement the map of intertwined mechanism of actions. We anticipate that the proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay, as it is defined here for the unbiased identification of protein targets of chemicals could bridge the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: One of the challenges of the environmental toxicology is to predict the impact of exposure to chemicals on environment and human health. Our phenotype should be explained by our genotype and the environmental exposure. Genomic methodologies can offer a deep analysis of human genome that alone cannot explain our risks of disease. We are starting to understand the key role of exposure to chemicals on our health and risks of disease. Here, we present a proteomic-based method for the identification of soluble proteins interacting with chemicals in zebrafish embryo and discuss the opportunities to complement the map of toxicity pathway perturbations. We anticipate that this PISA assay could bridge the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lizano-Fallas
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Ana Carrasco Del Amor
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden.; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain..
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23
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Ni B, Chen Z, Shu L, Shao Y, Huang Y, Tamrat NE, Wei Z, Shen B. Nrf2 Pathway Ameliorates Bladder Dysfunction in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis via Suppression of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4009308. [PMID: 34306306 PMCID: PMC8279868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in interstitial cystitis (IC). METHODS We established a mouse model of IC by cyclophosphamide (CYP) in wild-type mice and Nrf2 gene knockout mice. We examined the histological and functional alterations, the changes of oxidative stress markers, and the expression of the antioxidant genes downstream of Nrf2 pathway. RESULTS After CYP administration, the mice showed urinary frequency and urgency, pain sensitization, decreased contractility, bladder edema, and oxidative stress disorder. Notably, the Nrf2-/- CYP mice had more severe symptoms. The mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant genes downstream of Nrf2 pathway were significantly upregulated in the Nrf2+/+ CYP mice, while there were no significant changes in the Nrf2-/- CYP mice. CONCLUSION Nrf2 pathway protects bladder injury and ameliorates bladder dysfunction in IC, possibly by upregulating antioxidant genes and inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ni
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhengsen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Le Shu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yunpeng Shao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Nebiyu Elias Tamrat
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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24
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Lu J, Chen C, Gai R, Qiu H, Wu Y, He Q, Yang X. Protective effects and possible mechanisms of Centella asiatica (L.) urban extract against acute and chronic liver injury: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2785-2796. [PMID: 33462870 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a significant health care problem worldwide. Centella asiatica (L.) urban was traditionally used to prevent or treat various diseases, yet whether it works on hepatic injury remains unclear. In this study, multiple experimental models with different damage degrees and types of liver injury have been established to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of an n-butanol extract of Centella asiatica (CA-BU). Our results revealed that CA-BU improved hepatocyte L02 cells survival from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner. We further verified the hepatoprotective effects of CA-BU in mice models of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (one of the most common DILIs clinically) and CCl4 -induced acute chemical liver injury, and a rat model of chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, network pharmacology approaches were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, and we predicted AKT1, EGFR, VEGFA, and STAT3 as the potential therapeutic targets. In follow-up studies, we will focus on targets verification and provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of CA-BU against liver damage. Finally, we hope that these findings will provide new ideas and insights for the treatment of acute or chronic liver injury in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renhua Gai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huacheng Qiu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Song B, Zhang C, Hu W, Guo C, Xia Z, Hu W, Qin M, Jiang W, Lv J, Xu D, Zhang S, Fang J. Nano-designed carbon monoxide donor SMA/CORM2 exhibits protective effect against acetaminophen induced liver injury through macrophage reprograming and promoting liver regeneration. J Control Release 2021; 331:350-363. [PMID: 33482271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury is the most common drug-induced liver injury, accounting for the top cause of acute liver failure in the United State, however the therapeutic options for it is very limited. Excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent inflammatory responses are the major factors of the liver injury. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important gaseous molecule with versatile functions including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and we previous reported the therapeutic potential of a nano-designed CO donor SMA/CORM2 in a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced mouse colitis model. In this context, we investigated the effect of SMA/CORM2 in an APAP-induced mouse acute liver injury model and tackled the mechanisms involved. We found upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, endogenous CO generating enzyme) and the dynamic changes of macrophage polarization (pro-inflammatory M1/anti-inflammatory M2), which played important roles in the process of live injury. SMA/CORM2 treatment remarkably increased the CO levels in the liver and circulation, by which oxidative stresses in the liver were significantly reduced, and more importantly, it remarkably suppressed the expression of M1 macrophages but alternatively increased M2 polarization. Consequently the liver injury was significantly ameliorated, and the proliferation and regeneration were greatly promoted through the Pi3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The shift of macrophage polarization accompanied with the downregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) level. These findings suggested CO released from SMA/CORM2 manipulated the macrophage reprogramming toward M2 phenotype by inhibiting HIF-1α, which subsequently protected liver against inflammatory injury and benefited tissue repair. Moreover, compared to native CORM2, SMA/CORM2 exhibited superior bioavailability and protective effect. We thus anticipate the application of SMA/CORM2 as a therapeutic regimen for APAP induced liver injury as well as other inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wanxia Hu
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81, MeiShan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mingqiang Qin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jinwei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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Mo C, Xie S, Zhong W, Zeng T, Huang S, Lai Y, Deng G, Zhou C, Yan W, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Mutual antagonism between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 regulates the maturation status of DCs in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:178-190. [PMID: 32771520 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can develop into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma substantially without effective available treatment currently due to rarely characterized molecular pathogenesis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1) can be detected on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and modulates various immune responses. However, the role of IDO1 in the regulation of dendritic cells (DCs) during liver fibrosis is rarely reported. Here, we found that hepatic IDO1 was up-regulated during CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, which accompanied by a significant decrease in the frequencies of CD11c+CD80+, CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+CD40+ and CD11c+MHCII+ cells and a reduction in the subsequent T cell proliferation rate, whereas these changes were reversed significantly in IDO1-/- mice. Overexpressing IDO1 by adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) significantly inhibited the maturation status of DCs, worsened fibrosis. In vitro studies showed that significantly elevated CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHCII expression were observed in BMDCs derived from IDO1-/- mice. Moreover, the maturation of BMDCs derived from WT mice were significantly increased after stimulated with IDO1 inhibitor (1-methyl- D -tryptophan). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the cellular adaptive response to oxidative insults and inflammation, exhibited a markedly decrease in the liver of WT fibrotic mice, nevertheless, knockout of IDO1 enhanced the protein level of Nrf2. Moreover, the expression of IDO1 and Nrf2 exhibited inverse colocalization pattern suggesting that ectopically expressed IDO1 down-regulated Nrf2. Additionally, up-regulation of IDO1 was also observed in the livers of Nrf2-/- fibrotic mice. Taken together, these data uncovered mutual antagonism between IDO1 and Nrf2 on the maturation status of DCs during hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Weichao Zhong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.1, Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Weixin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Gao Y, Xi B, Li J, Li Z, Xu J, Zhong M, Xu Q, Lian Y, Wei R, Wang L, Cao H, Jin L, Zhang K, Dong J. Scoparone alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3044-3058. [PMID: 33090488 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of scoparone (SCO) in hepatic fibrosis. For this, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo rats that were divided into six groups, control, carbon tetrachloride, and colchicine, as well as SCO groups, SCO50, SCO100, and SCO200 treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg SCO doses, respectively. Furthermore, SCO was shown to inhibit Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB; TLR-4/NF-κB) signals by inhibiting TLR-4, which in turn downregulates the expression of MyD88, promotes NF-κB inhibitor-α, NF-κB inhibitor-β, and NF-κB inhibitor-ε activation, while inhibiting NF-κB inhibitor-ζ. Subsequently, the decrease of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB levels leads to the downregulation of the downstream inflammatory factors' tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta, thus weakening hepatic fibrosis. Notably, the SCO200 treated group presented the most significant improvement. Hence, we conclude that SCO alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting TLR-4/NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Boting Xi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiongmei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Riming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Alda-1 attenuates hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in lung vascular endothelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3909-3918. [PMID: 31209184 PMCID: PMC6628993 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in aged populations. Mitochondrial damage is one of the key features of ALI. Hyperoxia-induced lung injury model in mice has been widely used for ALI study because it features many ALI phenotypes including, but not limited to, mitochondrial and vascular endothelial cell damage. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has a protective effect against oxidative stress mediated cell damage in epithelial cells. However, it is not known whether ALDH2 protects against oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. In this current study, we attempted to find the capacity of Alda-1 [(N-(1,3benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6- dichloro-benzamide), an ALDH2 activator] to protect against oxidative stress in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). HMVEC pretreated with Alda-1 prior to hyperoxic exposure vs non-treated controls showed i) lower 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels, ii) significantly decreased expressions of Bax and Cytochrome C, iii) partially restored activity and expression of ALDH2 and iv) significantly improved mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that ALDH2 protein in lung vascular endothelial cells is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI and that Alda-1 is a potential treatment option.
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Xiong J, Ni J, Chen C, Wang K. miR‑148a‑3p regulates alcoholic liver fibrosis through targeting ERBB3. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1003-1012. [PMID: 32582976 PMCID: PMC7387083 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease greatly affects human health. Previous studies have identified that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF). Therefore, the present study explored the regulatory mechanism of miR-148a-3p in ALF. An ALF model was established in rats by alcohol gavage, followed by treatment with miR-148a-3p. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR was performed to detect miR-148a-3p expression in the rat liver tissues. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined by enzyme-labeled colorimetry. Liver damage was evaluated by liver indices and histology. The direct target gene of miR-148a-3p was predicted by a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-148a-3p and miR-148a-3p in combination with receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (ERBB3) on HSC-T6 cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blotting and RT-qPCR assays were performed to detect the expression levels of proteins and mRNA associated with fibrosis and apoptosis. The data showed that miR-148a-3p mimics inhibited the expression levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, α-SMA and type I collagen in the model, decreased the liver indices, and improved the liver damage caused by alcohol. ERBB3, which was predicted as the direct target gene of miR-148a-3p, reversed the effects of ERBB3 on promoting cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis. Concomitantly, miR-148a-3p reversed the increased expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression levels of Bax and c-cleaved-3 caused by ERBB3. These data suggested that miR-148a-3p regulated ALF and the viability and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells through targeting ERBB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Alda-1, an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Agonist, Improves Cutaneous Wound Healing by Activating Epidermal Keratinocytes via Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Pathway. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:993-1005. [PMID: 31953581 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cutaneous wound healing process mainly comprises re-epithelialization, fibrosis, and neovascularization. Impaired wound healing is common but tricky in plastic surgery. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), the most effective subset of the ALDH enzyme family, is known to exert a major role in detoxification of aldehydes. Activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 (a specific agonist) has been found to protect against cardiovascular diseases. However, no research has paid attention to the potential of ALDH2 activation in regulating wound healing. The previous studies suggested a high expression of ALDH2 in normal skin tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if Alda-1 may ameliorate wound healing. METHODS A full-thickness excisional wound model was established in vivo. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into DMSO and Alda-1 groups. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of DMSO or 10 mg/mL Alda-1 (10 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in DMSO) for 7 days. The wound healing rate was measured at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days. Distribution of ALDH2 in wound tissue was showed. ALDH2 enzymatic activity was examined at 3, 5, and 7 days. The elongation of epithelial tongue was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and collagen deposition was analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining at 7 days. Expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), CD31, collagen 1, collagen 3, and elastin were stained by immunohistochemistry at 5 and 7 days. The HaCaT cell line was applied in vitro. Proliferation and migration were tested using CCK8 and wound healing assay separately. The level of TGF-β was examined by ELISA. Protein levels of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta)/beta-catenin pathway were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Alda-1 accelerated wound healing rates. ALDH2 activity in wound sites was restored. Alda-1 promoted the length of the epithelial tongue, collagen deposition, as well as expressions of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta, collagen 1/3, elastin, but did not affect CD31. Proliferation, migration, and TGF-β secretion were promoted by Alda-1 and deregulated by CVT-10216 (an ALDH2 inhibitor). Protein variations of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway were found to accord with ALDH2 changes. CONCLUSIONS Alda-1, an ALDH2 agonist, improves cutaneous wound healing in a full-thickness excisional wound model. Alda-1 activates proliferation, migration, and TGF-β secretion of HaCaT (epidermal keratinocytes) by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. New insights into the role of mitochondria in cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:299-314. [PMID: 32246225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As reperfusion therapies have become more widely used in acute myocardial infarction patients, ischemia-induced myocardial damage has been markedly reduced, but reperfusion-induced cardiac injury has become increasingly evident. The features of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury include microvascular perfusion defects, platelet activation and sequential cardiomyocyte death due to additional ischemic events at the reperfusion stage. Microvascular obstruction, defined as a no-reflow phenomenon, determines the infarct zone, myocardial function and peri-operative mortality. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury may occur much earlier and with much greater severity than cardiomyocyte injury. Endothelial cells contain fewer mitochondria than other cardiac cells, and several of the pathological alterations during cardiac microvascular I/R injury involve mitochondria, such as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. Although mROS are necessary physiological second messengers, high mROS levels induce oxidative stress, endothelial senescence and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion and mitophagy, determine the shape, distribution, size and function of mitochondria. These adaptive responses modify extracellular signals and orchestrate intracellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, angiogenesis, permeability transition, adhesive molecule expression, endothelial barrier function and anticoagulation. In this review, we discuss the involvement of mROS and mitochondrial morphofunction in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Kimura M, Yokoyama A, Higuchi S. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:955-966. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1690454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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Takada-Takatori Y, Tomii Y, Takemasa S, Takeda Y, Izumi Y, Akaike A, Tsuchida K, Kume T. Protective Effects of 2′,3′-Dihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone Derived from Green Perilla Leaves against UV Radiation-Induced Cell Injury in Human Cultured Keratinocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1936-1941. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Tomii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College
| | - Shota Takemasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College
| | - Yasuhiko Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akinori Akaike
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | | | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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34
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Zuo G, Zhang T, Huang L, Araujo C, Peng J, Travis Z, Okada T, Ocak U, Zhang G, Tang J, Lu X, Zhang JH. Activation of TGR5 with INT-777 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via cAMP/PKCε/ALDH2 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:441-453. [PMID: 31493504 PMCID: PMC6848789 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The activation of TGR5, a novel membrane-bound bile acid receptor, possesses anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects in hepatobiliary disease and kidney disease. The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of TGR5 activation against EBI after SAH and the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS The endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed on 199 Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the beneficial effects of TGR5 activation after SAH. INT-777, a specific synthetic TGR5 agonist, was administered intranasally at 1 h after SAH induction. TGR5 CRISPR and ALDH2 CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 h before SAH to illuminate potential mechanisms. The SAH grade, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral tests, TUNEL staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blots were performed at 24 h after SAH. RESULTS The expressions of endogenous TGR5 and ALDH2 gradually increased and peaked at 24 h after SAH. TGR5 was expressed primarily in neurons, as well as in astrocytes and microglia. The activation of TGR5 with INT-777 significantly improved the short-term and long-term neurological deficits, accompanied by reduced the oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, INT-777 treatment significantly increased the expressions of TGR5, cAMP, phosphorylated PKCε, ALDH2, HO-1, and Bcl-2, while downregulated the expressions of 4-HNE, Bax, and Cleaved Caspase-3. TGR5 CRISPR and ALDH2 CRISPR abolished the neuroprotective effects of TGR5 activation after SAH. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the activation of TGR5 with INT-777 attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via the cAMP/PKCε/ALDH2 signaling pathway after SAH in rats. Furthermore, TGR5 may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215400, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Camila Araujo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Zachary Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215400, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Liu P, de la Vega MR, Dodson M, Yue F, Shi B, Fang D, Chapman E, Liu L, Zhang DD. Spermidine Confers Liver Protection by Enhancing NRF2 Signaling Through a MAP1S-Mediated Noncanonical Mechanism. Hepatology 2019; 70:372-388. [PMID: 30873635 PMCID: PMC6597327 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine (SPD), a naturally occurring polyamine, has been recognized as a caloric restriction mimetic that confers health benefits, presumably by inducing autophagy. Recent studies have reported that oral administration of SPD protects against liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis through activation of microtubule associated protein 1S (MAP1S)-mediated autophagy. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that mediates cellular protection by maintaining the cell's redox, metabolic, and proteostatic balance. In this study, we demonstrate that SPD is a noncanonical NRF2 inducer, and that MAP1S is a component of this noncanonical pathway of NRF2 activation. Mechanistically, MAP1S induces NRF2 signaling through two parallel mechanisms, both resulting in NRF2 stabilization: (1) MAP1S competes with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) for NRF2 binding through an ETGE motif, and (2) MAP1S accelerates p62-dependent degradation of KEAP1 by the autophagy pathway. We further demonstrate that SPD confers liver protection by enhancing NRF2 signaling. The importance of both NRF2 and p62-dependent autophagy in SPD-mediated liver protection was confirmed using a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model in wild-type, Nrf2-/- , p62-/- and Nrf2-/- ;p62-/- mice, as the protective effect of SPD was significantly reduced in NRF2 or p62 single knockout mice, and completely abolished in the double knockout mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the pivotal role of NRF2 in mediating the health benefit of SPD, particularly in the context of liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Boyun Shi
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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36
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Li X, Duan L, Yuan S, Zhuang X, Qiao T, He J. Ferroptosis inhibitor alleviates Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) via down-regulation of TGF-β1. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:11. [PMID: 31160885 PMCID: PMC6542066 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a severe and life-threatening complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Cell death is the key issue in RILF. Ferroptosis is a form programmed cell death implicated in the pathologies of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in RILF, and the effectiveness and the potential underlying mechanism of ferroptosis inhibitor on RILF. Methods Immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR assays were performed to examine the ferroptosis maker glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in a mice RILF model. The lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson trichrome staining and Sirius-Red staining to evaluate the histopathological changes in RILF mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyproline (HYP) in lungs were measured by the relevant kits. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1) were measured with Elisa. The protein and mRNA levels of GPX4, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in lungs were examined by western blot and RT-PCR. Results GPX4 levels of the irradiated lungs were significantly down-regulated than the groups with no irradiation, and the ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1, increased GPX4 levels significantly in RILF mice. Treatment with liproxstatin-1 lowered the Szapiel and Ashcroft scores significantly, down-regulated the levels of ROS and HYP in lungs and reduced the serum inflammatory cytokines levels in RILF mice. The protein and the mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO1 and NQO1 were up-regulated by liproxsratin-1 in RILF. Conclusions Our data suggested that ferroptosis played a critical role in RILF, ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 alleviated RILF via down-regulation of TGF-β1 by the activation of Nrf2 pathway. The effectiveness of ferroptosis inhibition on RILF provides a novel therapeutic target for RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Lijie Duan
- 3Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Sujuan Yuan
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Jian He
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Fang S, Cai Y, Li P, Wu C, Zou S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Guan M. [Exendin-4 alleviates oxidative stress and liver fibrosis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:464-470. [PMID: 31068291 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of exendin-4 on hepatic lipid metabolism, fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and received intraperitoneal injections of 120 mg/kg STZ to induce diabetes. After successful modeling, the mice were randomized into diabetic control group and exendin-4 treatment group (DM+E4), and in the latter group, the mice were given a daily dose of 1 nmol/kg of exendin-4 for 8 weeks. The changes in the body weight (BW) and random blood glucose (RBG) in the mice were recorded. The mRNA expressions of the genes related with liver lipid metabolism, fibrosis and oxidative stress were analyzed using RT-PCR, and the structural changes of the liver tissues were observed with HE, Sirius red and oil red O staining; the expressions of TGF-β1, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the liver tissues were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The diabetic mice showed significantly higher RBG levels and BW with obvious lipid deposition, fibrosis and oxidative stress in the liver as compared with the normal control mice (P < 0.001). Exendin-4 treatment of the diabetic mice did not significantly lessened liver lipid deposition but obviously reduced the levels of RBG and TG (P < 0.05), lowered the expression levels of liver fibrosis-related genes TGF-β, α-SMA and Col-Ⅰ (P < 0.05), increased the expression levels of the antioxidant genes Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4 (P < 0.01), and enhanced the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver tissues (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exendin-4 improves liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in diabetic mice by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway without significantly reducing liver lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaozhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meiping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Li Y, Jiao K, Zhang Y. let-7a suppresses liver fibrosis via TGFβ/SMAD signaling transduction pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3935-3942. [PMID: 31007736 PMCID: PMC6468397 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the most common pathological outcome and the most severe complication of chronic liver diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, as well as the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this study, we found that the expression of let-7a was markedly decreased in the liver tissue samples and blood samples from patients with liver fibrosis compared with healthy volunteers. Furthermore, let-7a was downregulated in the liver tissues and blood samples in mouse models of liver fibrosis. Further analysis indicated that let-7a suppresses the activation level of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, overexpression of let-7a reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis of HSCs. Western blot analysis showed that let-7a might inhibit HSCs through TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway. The present study provides a potential accurate target and vital evidence to better understand the underlying pathogenesis for early diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Laboratory Center, Medical Technology College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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Interleukin 10 Gene-Modified Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Attenuate Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Inducing Regulatory T Cells and Inhibiting the TGF- β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4652596. [PMID: 30800002 PMCID: PMC6360045 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4652596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of interleukin 10 gene-modified bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC-IL10) on liver fibrosis. Methods In vitro, BMDCs were transfected with lentiviral-interleukin 10-GFP (LV-IL10-GFP) at the MOI of 1 : 40. Then, the phenotype (MHCII, CD80, and CD86) and allo-stimulatory ability of DC-IL10 were identified by flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 (p70) secreted into the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. In vivo, DC-IL10 was injected into mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the tail vein. Lymphocytes were isolated to investigate the differentiation of T cells, and serum and liver tissue were collected for biochemical, cytokine, histopathologic, immune-histochemical, and Western blot analyzes. Results In vitro, the expressions of MHCII, CD80, and CD86 in DC-IL10 were significantly suppressed, allogeneic CD4+T cells incubated with DC-IL10 showed a lower proliferative response, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 (p70) secreted into the DC-IL10 culture supernatants were significantly increased and decreased, respectively. In vivo, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly increased, while ALT, AST, and inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in the DC-IL10 treatment group, and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously reversed. The TGF-β/smad pathway was inhibited following DC-IL10 treatment compared to the liver fibrosis group. Conclusion IL-10 genetic modification of BMDCs may maintain DC in the state of tolerance and allow DC to induce T cell hyporesponsiveness or tolerance. DC-IL10 suppressed liver fibrosis by inducing Treg production and inhibiting the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway.
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Feng Q, Zhao N, Xia W, Liang C, Dai G, Yang J, Sun J, Liu L, Luo L, Yang J. Integrative proteomics and immunochemistry analysis of the factors in the necrosis and repair in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6561-6581. [PMID: 30417486 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is a significant clinical problem worldwide, the hepatotoxicity mechanisms are well elucidated, but the factors involved in the necrosis and repair still remain to be investigated. APAP was injected intraperitoneally in male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Quantitative proteome analysis of liver tissues was performed by 2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl tagging, two-dimensional-nano high-performance liquid chromatography separation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. Diffrenetial proteins were verified by the immunochemistry method. 36 and 44 differentially expressed proteins were identified, respectively, at 24 hr after APAP (200 or 300 mg·kg -1 ) administration. The decrease in the mitochondrial protective proteins Prdx6, Prdx3, and Aldh2 accounted for the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes, impairing mitochondria structure and function. The Gzmf combined with Bax and Apaf-1 jointly contributed to the necrosis. The blockage of Stat3 activation led to the overexpression of unphosphorylated Stat3 and the overproduction of Bax. The overexpression of unphosphorylated Stat3 represented necrosis; the alternation from Stat3 to p-Stat3 in necrotic regions represented hepatocytes from death to renewal. The high expressions of P4hα1, Ncam, α-SMA, and Cygb were involved in the liver repair, they were not only the markers of activated HSC but also represented an intermediate stage of hepatocytes from damage or necrosis to renewal. Our data provided a comprehensive report on the profile and dynamic changes of the liver proteins in AILI; the involvement of Gzmf and the role of Stat3 in necrosis were revealed; and the role of hepatocyte in liver self-repair was well clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - ChengJie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jingxia Sun
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Rat Fatty Liver Cold Ischemia Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092479. [PMID: 30131474 PMCID: PMC6164398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Institut George Lopez-1 (IGL-1) and Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions are proposed as alternatives to UW (gold standard) in liver preservation. Their composition differs in terms of the presence/absence of oncotic agents such as HES or PEG, and is decisive for graft conservation before transplantation. This is especially so when fatty (steatotic) livers are used since these grafts are more vulnerable to ischemia insult during conservation. Their composition determines the extent of the subsequent reperfusion injury after transplantation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a mitochondrial enzyme, has been reported to play a protective role in warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but its potential in fatty liver cold ischemic injury has not yet been investigated. We evaluated the relevance of ALDH2 activity in cold ischemia injury when fatty liver grafts from Zucker Obese rats were preserved in UW, HTK, and IGL-1 solutions, in order to study the mechanisms involved. ALDH2 upregulation was highest in livers preserved in IGL-1. It was accompanied by a decrease in transaminases, apoptosis (Caspase 3 and TUNEL assay), and lipoperoxidation, which was concomitant with the effective clearance of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal. Variations in ATP levels were also determined. The results were consistent with levels of NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidant factor. Here we report for the first time the relevance of mitochondrial ALDH2 in fatty liver cold preservation and suggest that ALDH2 could be considered a potential therapeutic target or regulator in clinical transplantation.
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Ma X, Luo Q, Zhu H, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang K, Zou Y, Wu J, Ge J, Sun A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation ameliorates CCl 4 -induced chronic liver fibrosis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3965-3978. [PMID: 29799157 PMCID: PMC6050510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the effect of ALHD2 on liver fibrosis remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ALDH2 regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the efficacy of Alda‐1, a specific activator of ALDH2, on attenuating liver fibrosis. ALDH2 expression was increased after chronic CCl4 exposure. ALDH2 deficiency accentuated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice, accompanied by increased expression of collagen 1α1, α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. Moreover, ALDH2 knockout triggered more ROS generation, hepatocyte apoptosis and impaired mitophagy after CCl4 treatment. In cultured HSC‐T6 cells, ALDH2 knockdown by transfecting with lentivirus vector increased ROS generation and α‐SMA expression in an in vitro hepatocyte fibrosis model using TGF‐β1. ALDH2 overexpression by lentivirus or activation by Alda‐1 administration partly reversed the effect of TGF‐β1, whereas ALDH2 knockdown totally blocked the protective effect of Alda‐1. Furthermore, Alda‐1 administration protected against liver fibrosis in vivo, which might be mediated through up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 cascade and activation of Parkin‐related mitophagy. These findings indicate that ALDH2 deficiency aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis through ROS overproduction, increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALDH2 activation through Alda‐1 administration alleviated hepatic fibrosis partly through activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and Parkin‐related mitophagy, which indicate ALDH2 as a promising anti‐fibrotic target and Alda‐1 as a potential therapeutic agent in treating CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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