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Ribeiro FN, de Souza TL, Menezes RC, Keidel L, dos Santos JPR, da Silva IJ, Pelajo-Machado M, Morgado FN, Porrozzi R. Anatomical Vascular Differences and Leishmania-Induced Vascular Morphological Changes Are Associated with a High Parasite Load in the Skin of Dogs Infected with Leishmania infantum. Pathogens 2024; 13:371. [PMID: 38787223 PMCID: PMC11123845 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, affects several organs, including the skin. Dogs are considered the major domestic reservoir animals for leishmaniasis, and through their highly parasitized skin, they can serve as a source of infection for sandfly vectors. Therefore, studies of the skin parasite-host relationship can contribute to the understanding of the infectious dissemination processes of parasites in the dermis and help to identify targets for diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of anatomical vascular differences and Leishmania-induced vascular morphological changes with clinical signs and parasite load by analyzing the ear and abdominal skin from dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Paired samples of ear and abdominal skin from L. infantum-positive dogs (n = 26) were submitted for histological and immunohistochemistry analyses. The ear skin samples showed a more intense and more diffusely distributed granulomatous inflammatory reaction, a higher number and larger diameter of blood vessels, increased parasite load, higher expression of VEGF+ (vascular endothelial growth factor) and MAC 387+ (calprotectin) recently infiltrating cells, and more intense collagen disruption compared to the abdominal skin samples. Intracellular amastigotes were observed in blood vessels and inside endothelial cells and were diffusely distributed throughout the dermis in the ear skin samples. The NOS2/MAC387+ cell ratio was lower in the ear skin samples than in those of the abdomen, suggesting that in the ear dermis, the inflammatory infiltrate was less capable of producing NO and thereby control the parasite load. Together, these findings indicate how parasites and immune cells are distributed in the skin and suggest an important role for dermal vascularization in cellular influx and thereby in parasite dissemination through the skin of naturally infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francini N. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tainã L. de Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C. Menezes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.C.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Lucas Keidel
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.C.M.); (L.K.)
| | - João Paulo R. dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Igor J. da Silva
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda N. Morgado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Renato Porrozzi
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
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Yang S, Yang X, Hou Z, Zhu L, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Teng J, Fang C, Chen S, Jia M, Liu Z, Kang S, Chen Y, Li G, Niu Y, Cai Q. Rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitors plus targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29215. [PMID: 38623200 PMCID: PMC11016731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent urological malignancy characterized by a high rate of metastasis and lethality. The treatment strategy for advanced RCC has moved through multiple iterations over the past three decades. Initially, cytokine treatment was the only systemic treatment option for patients with RCC. With the development of medicine, antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin and immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged and received several achievements in the therapeutics of advanced RCC. However, ICIs have still not brought completely satisfactory results due to drug resistance and undesirable side effects. For the past years, the interests form researchers have been attracted by the combination of ICIs and targeted therapy for advanced RCC and the angiogenesis and immunogenic tumor microenvironmental variations in RCC. Therefore, we emphasize the potential principle and the clinical progress of ICIs combined with targeted treatment of advanced RCC, and summarize the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianrui Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zekai Hou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhili Yao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yanzhuo Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Teng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Taihe County People's Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Songmao Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfei Jia
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Shaosan Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Nevarez-Mejia J, Jin YP, Pickering H, Parmar R, Valenzuela NM, Sosa RA, Heidt S, Fishbein GA, Rozengurt E, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL, Reed EF. Human leukocyte antigen class I antibody-activated endothelium promotes CD206+ M2 macrophage polarization and MMP9 secretion through TLR4 signaling and P-selectin in a model of antibody-mediated rejection and allograft vasculopathy. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:406-418. [PMID: 38379280 PMCID: PMC11110958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) elicit alloimmune responses against the graft vasculature, leading to endothelial cell (EC) activation and monocyte infiltration during antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). AMR promotes chronic inflammation and remodeling, leading to thickening of the arterial intima termed transplant vasculopathy or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in heart transplants. Intragraft-recipient macrophages serve as a diagnostic marker in AMR; however, their polarization and function remain unclear. In this study, we utilized an in vitro Transwell coculture system to explore the mechanisms of monocyte-to-macrophage polarization induced by HLA I DSA-activated ECs. Anti-HLA I (IgG or F(ab')2) antibody-activated ECs induced the polarization of M2 macrophages with increased CD206 expression and MMP9 secretion. However, inhibition of TLR4 signaling or PSGL-1-P-selectin interactions significantly decreased both CD206 and MMP9. Monocyte adherence to Fc-P-selectin coated plates induced M2 macrophages with increased CD206 and MMP9. Moreover, Fc-receptor and IgG interactions synergistically enhanced active-MMP9 in conjunction with P-selectin. Transcriptomic analysis of arteries from DSA+CAV+ rejected cardiac allografts and multiplex-immunofluorescent staining illustrated the expression of CD68+CD206+CD163+MMP9+ M2 macrophages within the neointima of CAV-affected lesions. These findings reveal a novel mechanism linking HLA I antibody-activated endothelium to the generation of M2 macrophages which secrete vascular remodeling proteins contributing to AMR and CAV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Kannan S, Rutkowski JM. VEGFR-3 signaling in macrophages: friend or foe in disease? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349500. [PMID: 38464522 PMCID: PMC10921555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have been increasingly appreciated in the context of immunology not only as passive conduits for immune and cancer cell transport but also as key in local tissue immunomodulation. Targeting lymphatic vessel growth and potential immune regulation often takes advantage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) signaling to manipulate lymphatic biology. A receptor tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-3, is highly expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, and its signaling is key in lymphatic growth, development, and survival and, as a result, often considered to be "lymphatic-specific" in adults. A subset of immune cells, notably of the monocyte-derived lineage, have been identified to express VEGFR-3 in tissues from the lung to the gut and in conditions as varied as cancer and chronic kidney disease. These VEGFR-3+ macrophages are highly chemotactic toward the VEGFR-3 ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D. VEGFR-3 signaling has also been implicated in dictating the plasticity of these cells from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Conversely, expression may potentially be transient during monocyte differentiation with unknown effects. Macrophages play critically important and varied roles in the onset and resolution of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and vasculogenesis: targeting lymphatic vessel growth and immunomodulation by manipulating VEGFR-3 signaling may thus impact macrophage biology and their impact on disease pathogenesis. This mini review highlights the studies and pathologies in which VEGFR-3+ macrophages have been specifically identified, as well as the activity and polarization changes that macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling may elicit, and affords some conclusions as to the importance of macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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Donehoo DA, Collier CA, VandenHeuvel SN, Roy S, Solberg SC, Raghavan SA. Degrees of macrophage-facilitated healing in aneurysm occlusion devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35385. [PMID: 38345190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient healing of aneurysms following treatment with vascular occlusion devices put patients at severe risk of fatal rupture. Therefore, promoting healing and not just occlusion is vital to enhance aneurysm healing. Following occlusion device implantation, healing is primarily orchestrated by macrophage immune cells, ending with fibroblasts depositing collagen to stabilize the aneurysm neck and dome, preventing rupture. Several modified occlusion devices are available currently on-market. Previous in vivo work demonstrated that modifications of occlusion devices with a shape memory polymer foam had enhanced aneurysm healing outcomes. To better understand cellular response to occlusion devices and improve aneurysm occlusion device design variables, we developed an in vitro assay to isolate prominent interactions between devices and key healing players: macrophages and fibroblasts. We used THP-1 monocyte derived macrophages and human dermal fibroblasts in our cell culture models. Macrophages were allowed device contact with on-market competitor aneurysm occlusion devices for up to 96 h, to allow for any spontaneous device-driven macrophage activation. Macrophage secreted factors were captured in the culture media, in response to device-specific activation. Fibroblasts were then exposed to device-conditioned macrophage media (with secreted factors alone), to determine if there were any device-induced changes in collagen secretion. Our in vitro studies were designed to test the direct effect of devices on macrophage activation, and the indirect effect of devices on collagen secretion by fibroblasts to promote aneurysm healing and stabilization. Over 96 h, macrophages displayed significant migration toward and interaction with all tested devices. As compared to other devices, shape memory polymer foams (SMM, Shape Memory Medical) induced significant changes in gene expression indicating a shift toward an anti-inflammatory pro-healing M2-like phenotype. Similarly, macrophages in contact with SMM devices secreted more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with other devices. Macrophage conditioned media from SMM-contacted macrophages actively promoted fibroblast secretion of collagen, comparable to amounts observed with exogenous stimulation via VEGF supplementation. Our data indicate that SMM devices may promote good aneurysm healing outcomes, because collagen production is an essential step to ultimately stabilize an aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Del A Donehoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia A Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sanjana Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer C Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shreya A Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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6
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Wang R, Wang C, Lu L, Yuan F, He F. Baicalin and baicalein in modulating tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review with future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107032. [PMID: 38061594 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of cancer incidence and mortality is increasing rapidly. New approaches to cancer prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Natural products are reliable and powerful sources for anticancer drug discovery. Baicalin and baicalein, two major flavones isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a multi-purpose traditional medicinal plant in China, exhibit anticancer activities against multiple cancers. Of note, these phytochemicals exhibit extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Besides their cytotoxic and cytostatic activities toward diverse tumor cells, recent studies demonstrated that baicalin and baicalein modulate a variety of tumor stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is essential for tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of tumor microenvironmental immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and ECM that reshape the TME and cancer signaling, leading to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the biotransformation pathways of baicalin and baicalein, related therapeutic challenges and the future research directions to improve their bioavailability and clinical anticancer applications. Recent advances of baicalin and baicalein warrant their continued study as important natural ways for cancer interception and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lianheng Lu
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Li L, Zuo WT, Liu H, Liao LS, Shen WY, Chen ZF, Liang H. Oxoaporphine Pr(III) complex inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis by disrupting tumor cell-macrophage crosstalk. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115849. [PMID: 37976890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells and macrophages communicate through the secretion of various cytokines to jointly promote the malignant development of cancers. We synthesized and characterized an oxoaporphine Pr(III) complex (PrL3(NO3)3) and found that it inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis by disrupting HCC cell-macrophage crosstalk. PrL3(NO3)3 treatment upregulated CD86, TNF-α, and IL-1β and downregulated CD163, CD206, CCL2, and VEGFA in macrophages. Our mRNA-Seq results demonstrated that PrL3(NO3)3 inhibited macrophage M2-like polarization by inhibiting the AMPK pathway and activating the NF-κB pathway by upregulating RelA/p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. This kind of macrophage polarization significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, PrL3(NO3)3 inhibited the migration, invasion, and chemotaxis of HCC cells by downregulating the expression of EMT-related markers and CCL2. hTFtarget database analysis revealed that PrL3(NO3)3 inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation by upregulating RelA/p65 Ser536 phosphorylation in HCC cells, thereby downregulating the expression of Snail and CCL2. HCC tissue microarray analysis revealed that downregulation of RelA/p65 Ser536 phosphorylation is a driving event in HCC malignant progression. In conclusion, PrL3(NO3)3 effectively inhibits HCC cell-macrophage crosstalk by upregulating RelA/p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. This is the first report of a lanthanide complex exerting regulatory effects on both tumors and tumor-associated macrophages, providing a new strategy for the development of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Shan Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
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8
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Bernstein ZJ, Shenoy A, Chen A, Heller NM, Spangler JB. Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:29-57. [PMID: 37283511 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL-4/IL-13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL-4/IL-13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL-4 and IL-13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL-4/IL-13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali Shenoy
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Tjandra DP, Brett A, Murugasu A. Use of bevacizumab in a patient with Whipple's disease: managing diagnostic uncertainty. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256460. [PMID: 37879715 PMCID: PMC10603426 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A man in his 30s with intellectual disability presented with 1 month of diarrhoea, weight loss and dyspnoea. Investigations were hampered due to significant anxiety. Laboratory tests detected microcytic anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. CT demonstrated a fat-containing infiltrate in the mediastinum, mesentery and axillae, and pulmonary ground-glass infiltrates. Biopsy of the axilla showed cystic lymphatic malformations involving adipose tissue and lymph nodes, leading to a provisional diagnosis of generalised lymphatic anomaly. Over the subsequent 4 months, the patient's respiratory status deteriorated, leading to type 1 respiratory failure necessitating intubation. After multidisciplinary discussion, a decision was made to trial bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF agent, with subsequent improvement in respiratory status. While intubated, gastroscopy was performed; duodenal biopsies revealed pathognomonic changes of Whipple's disease, confirmed on PCR of duodenal and axillae biopsies. This was deemed the most likely unifying diagnosis; antibiotic treatment was commenced, bevacizumab was ceased, and the patient has remained well after 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Peter Tjandra
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Brett
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anand Murugasu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Yao Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, Jiang Q, Li K. Macrophage/microglia polarization for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1276225. [PMID: 37842315 PMCID: PMC10569308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1276225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages/microglia are immune system defense and homeostatic cells that develop from bone marrow progenitor cells. According to the different phenotypes and immune responses of macrophages (Th1 and Th2), the two primary categories of polarized macrophages/microglia are those conventionally activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Macrophage/microglial polarization is a key regulating factor in the development of inflammatory disorders, cancers, metabolic disturbances, and neural degeneration. Macrophage/microglial polarization is involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, pathological angiogenesis, and tissue healing processes in ocular diseases, particularly in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The functional phenotypes of macrophages/microglia affect disease progression and prognosis, and thus regulate the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different DR stages, which may offer new concepts for individualized therapy of DR. This review summarizes the involvement of macrophage/microglia polarization in physiological situations and in the pathological process of DR, and discusses the promising role of polarization in personalized treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Schuster C, Akslen LA, Straume O. β2-adrenergic receptor expression in patients receiving bevacizumab therapy for metastatic melanoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17891-17900. [PMID: 37551424 PMCID: PMC10524038 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was initially known as vascular permeability factor and identified as a driver of tumour angiogenesis. Recently, its role in supporting an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment was demonstrated, and anti-VEGF treatment combined with immune checkpoint blockade is currently investigated. Further, beta-adrenergic signalling as a modifier of cancer hallmarks like immune response, angiogenesis and metastasis gained increased attention during past years. METHODS Focusing on the aspect of immunosuppression in upregulated beta-adrenergic signalling, we investigated predictive markers in patients with metastatic melanoma who received bevacizumab monotherapy, a specific VEGF-A binding antibody. We explored the expression of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), interleukin 6-receptor (IL6-R), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and VEGF-A by immunohistochemistry in melanoma to assess the correlation between these proteins in melanoma cells and response to treatment. RESULTS Strong β2-AR expression in metastases was associated with clinical benefit of bevacizumab. Furthermore, expression of the latter was positively linked to expression of VEGF-A and COX2. β2-AR expression in melanoma metastasis appears to distinguish a subgroup of patients that might benefit from anti-VEGF treatment. CONCLUSION Our results strengthen further exploration of anti-VEGF therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in clinical studies and the investigation of β2-AR as predictive marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schuster
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIOUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Oncology and Medical PhysicsHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Lars A. Akslen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIOUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Oddbjørn Straume
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIOUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Oncology and Medical PhysicsHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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13
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Han J, Dong L, Wu M, Ma F. Dynamic polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and their interaction with intratumoral T cells in an inflamed tumor microenvironment: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160340. [PMID: 37251409 PMCID: PMC10219223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of tumors in recent decades. However, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in shaping the TME by exhibiting dual identities as both mediators and responders of inflammation. TAMs closely interact with intratumoral T cells, regulating their infiltration, activation, expansion, effector function, and exhaustion through multiple secretory and surface factors. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and plastic nature of TAMs renders the targeting of any of these factors alone inadequate and poses significant challenges for mechanistic studies and clinical translation of corresponding therapies. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which TAMs dynamically polarize to influence intratumoral T cells, with a focus on their interaction with other TME cells and metabolic competition. For each mechanism, we also discuss relevant therapeutic opportunities, including non-specific and targeted approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies. Our ultimate goal is to develop macrophage-centered therapies that can fine-tune tumor inflammation and empower immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Han
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Luochu Dong
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Center for National Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Dhakal B, Li CMY, Ramezanpour M, Houtak G, Li R, Bouras G, Collela A, Chegeni N, Chataway TK, Drew P, Sallustio BC, Vreugde S, Smith E, Maddern G, Licari G, Fenix K. Proteomic characterisation of perhexiline treatment on THP-1 M1 macrophage differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1054588. [PMID: 36993962 PMCID: PMC10040681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1054588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDysregulated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Macrophage activation and polarisation are commonly involved in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Perhexiline (PHX), an antianginal drug, has been suggested to modulate macrophage function, but the molecular effects of PHX on macrophages are unknown. In this study we investigated the effect of PHX treatment on macrophage activation and polarization and reveal the underlying proteomic changes induced.MethodsWe used an established protocol to differentiate human THP-1 monocytes into M1 or M2 macrophages involving three distinct, sequential stages (priming, rest, and differentiation). We examined the effect of PHX treatment at each stage on the polarization into either M1 or M2 macrophages using flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative changes in the proteome were investigated using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA MS).ResultsPHX treatment promoted M1 macrophage polarization, including increased STAT1 and CCL2 expression and IL-1β secretion. This effect occurred when PHX was added at the differentiation stage of the M1 cultures. Proteomic profiling of PHX treated M1 cultures identified changes in metabolic (fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation) and immune signalling (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Rho GTPase and interferon) pathways.ConclusionThis is the first study to report on the action of PHX on THP-1 macrophage polarization and the associated changes in the proteome of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Dhakal
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Celine Man Ying Li
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ghais Houtak
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Runhao Li
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alex Collela
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim Kennion Chataway
- Flinders Omics Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Drew
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benedetta C. Sallustio
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giovanni Licari
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kevin Fenix
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin Fenix,
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15
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Bian N, Chu C, Rung S, Huangphattarakul V, Man Y, Lin J, Hu C. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Emerging Analytical Techniques for Probing the Immune Micro-Environment. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:11-24. [PMID: 36241939 PMCID: PMC9852373 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After implantation of a biomaterial, both the host immune system and properties of the material determine the local immune response. Through triggering or modulating the local immune response, materials can be designed towards a desired direction of promoting tissue repair or regeneration. High-throughput sequencing technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) emerging as a powerful tool for dissecting the immune micro-environment around biomaterials, have not been fully utilized in the field of soft tissue regeneration. In this review, we first discussed the procedures of foreign body reaction in brief. Then, we summarized the influences that physical and chemical modulation of biomaterials have on cell behaviors in the micro-environment. Finally, we discussed the application of scRNA-seq in probing the scaffold immune micro-environment and provided some reference to designing immunomodulatory biomaterials. The foreign body response consists of a series of biological reactions. Immunomodulatory materials regulate immune cell activation and polarization, mediate divergent local immune micro-environments and possess different tissue engineering functions. The manipulation of physical and chemical properties of scaffolds can modulate local immune responses, resulting in different outcomes of fibrosis or tissue regeneration. With the advancement of technology, emerging techniques such as scRNA-seq provide an unprecedented understanding of immune cell heterogeneity and plasticity in a scaffold-induced immune micro-environment at high resolution. The in-depth understanding of the interaction between scaffolds and the host immune system helps to provide clues for the design of biomaterials to optimize regeneration and promote a pro-regenerative local immune micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengan Rung
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Vicha Huangphattarakul
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Etemadi A, Karimi-Jafari MH, Negahdari B, Asgari Y, Reza Khorramizadeh M, Mohammadian F, Mazloomi M. Design of a dual-function agent by fusing a designed anti-VEGF-A binder and CPG-2 enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11463-11470. [PMID: 36629035 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2162584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anti-VEGF therapies are common for the treatment of cancer. Carboxypeptidase G (CPG-2) enzyme is a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme that metabolizes non-toxic synthetic 'benzoic mustard prodrugs' to cytotoxic moieties in tumor cells. In this study, we designed a dual-activity agent by combining a designed anti-VEGF- and CPG-2 enzyme to convert methotrexate (MTX). VEGF-A was docked against a set of scaffolds, and suitable inverse rotamers were made. Rosetta design was used for the interface design. The top 1200 binders were chosen by flow cytometry and displayed in yeast. The activity of CPG-2 enzyme was analyzed at different temperature conditions and in the presence of the substrate, MTX. Optimal binders were selected and protein was eluted using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. Both, native PAGE and on-yeast flow cytometry confirmed the binding of the binder to VEGF-A. The activity of truncated enzymes was slightly lower than that of full-length enzymes linked to VEGF-A. The method should be generally useful as a dual-activity agent for targeting VEGF-A and combination therapy with the enzyme CPG-2 for metabolizing non-toxic prodrugs to cytotoxic moieties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Etemadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Negahdari
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Mazloomi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mu R, Zhang Z, Han C, Niu Y, Xing Z, Liao Z, Xu J, Shao N, Chen G, Zhang J, Dong L, Wang C. Tumor-associated macrophages-educated reparative macrophages promote diabetic wound healing. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16671. [PMID: 36541165 PMCID: PMC9906426 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhealing diabetic wounds, with persistent inflammation and damaged vasculature, have failed conventional treatments and require comprehensive interference. Here, inspired by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that produce abundant immunosuppressive and proliferative factors in tumor development, we generate macrophages to recapitulate TAMs' reparative functions, by culturing normal macrophages with TAMs' conditional medium (TAMs-CM). These TAMs-educated macrophages (TAMEMs) outperform major macrophage phenotypes (M0, M1, or M2) in suppressing inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis, and activating fibroblasts in vitro. When delivered to skin wounds in diabetic mice, TAMEMs efficiently promote healing. Based on TAMs-CM's composition, we further reconstitute a nine-factor cocktail to train human primary monocytes into TAMEMsC-h , which fully resemble TAMEMs' functions without using tumor components, thereby having increased safety and enabling the preparation of autologous cells. Our study demonstrates that recapitulating TAMs' unique reparative activities in nontumor cells can lead to an effective cell therapeutic approach with high translational potential for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Mu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research InstituteUniversity of MacauHengqinChina
| | - Congwei Han
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina,School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yiming Niu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina,School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen Xing
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhencheng Liao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Jinzhi Xu
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ningyi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Guokai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunming Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research InstituteUniversity of MacauHengqinChina,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
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18
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Zalpoor H, Aziziyan F, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Akbari A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Rezaei N. The roles of metabolic profiles and intracellular signaling pathways of tumor microenvironment cells in angiogenesis of solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:186. [PMID: 36419156 PMCID: PMC9684800 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells patrol and survey throughout the human body and sometimes reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a variety of cell types and nutrients that may differ from those in which they developed. The metabolic pathways and metabolites of immune cells are rooted in cell physiology, and not only provide nutrients and energy for cell growth and survival but also influencing cell differentiation and effector functions. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness that metabolic processes occurring in cancer cells can affect immune cell function and lead to tumor immune evasion and angiogenesis. In order to safely treat cancer patients and prevent immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities and autoimmunity, we suggest using anti-angiogenic drugs solely or combined with Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) to boost the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy. As a consequence, there is significant and escalating attention to discovering techniques that target metabolism as a new method of cancer therapy. In this review, a summary of immune-metabolic processes and their potential role in the stimulation of intracellular signaling in TME cells that lead to tumor angiogenesis, and therapeutic applications is provided. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abdullatif Akbari
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lazaratos AM, Annis MG, Siegel PM. GPNMB: a potent inducer of immunosuppression in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4573-4590. [PMID: 36050467 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of both innate and adaptive immune cells, which, in the context of cancer, collectively function to eliminate tumor cells. However, tumors can actively sculpt the immune landscape to favor the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which promotes tumor growth and progression to metastatic disease. Glycoprotein-NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. It can promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and GPNMB expression correlates with poor prognosis and shorter recurrence-free survival in patients. There is growing evidence supporting an immunosuppressive role for GPNMB in the context of malignancy. This review provides a description of the emerging roles of GPNMB as an inducer of immunosuppression, with a particular focus on its role in mediating cancer progression by restraining pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Shen DD, Bi YP, Pang JR, Zhao LJ, Zhao LF, Gao Y, Wang B, Liu HM, Liu Y, Wang N, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Generation, secretion and degradation of cancer immunotherapy target PD-L1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:413. [PMID: 35819633 PMCID: PMC11073444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing and effective method for the treatment of a variety of malignancies in recent years. As a significant immune checkpoint, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play the most significant role in cancer immune escape and cancer immunotherapy. Though PD-L1 have become an important target for drug development and there have been various approved drugs and clinic trials targeting it, and various clinical response rate and adverse reactions prevent many patients from benefiting from it. In recent years, combination trials have become the main direction of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies development. Here, we summarized PD-L1 biofunctions and key roles in various cancers along with the development of PD-L1 inhibitors. The regulators that are involved in controlling PD-L1 expression including post-translational modification, mRNA level regulation as well as degradation and exosome secretory pathway of PD-L1 were focused. This systematic summary may provide comprehensive understanding of different regulations on PD-L1 as well as a broad prospect for the search of the important regulator of PD-L1. The regulatory factors of PD-L1 can be potential targets for immunotherapy and increase strategies of immunotherapy in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Bi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Sun X. Recombinant human erythropoietin accelerated the proliferation of non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines and reduced the expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1 under a simulated hypoxic environment in vitro. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:124-133. [PMID: 35774428 PMCID: PMC9215718 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 China
| | - Yangchun Feng
- Department of Laboratory Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 China
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22
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Guo Y, Tsai HI, Zhang L, Zhu H. Mitochondrial DNA on Tumor-Associated Macrophages Polarization and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061452. [PMID: 35326602 PMCID: PMC8946090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the most abundant cell in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive tumor progress by inducing angiogenesis, fibrosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which makes these cells an important target for tumor treatment. Recently, the role of free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has attracted increased attention in the regulation of immune cells in the TME. In this review, we first summarize the functional characteristics of macrophages in tumor progression. The release and regulation mechanisms of tumor cell-derived mtDNA in TME are also introduced. Then, the biological effects of endogenous and exogenous mtDNA on macrophages are discussed. Finally, we propose that the effect of mtDNA on macrophages is worthy of attention in the process of tumor treatment, especially in immunotherapy. Our review provides a systematic summary of the effects of mtDNA on the survival, function, and phenotypes of TAMs in the TME. Abstract As the richest immune cells in most tumor microenvironments (TMEs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor development and treatment sensitivity. The phenotypes and functions of TAMs vary according to their sources and tumor progression. Different TAM phenotypes display distinct behaviors in terms of tumor immunity and are regulated by intracellular and exogenous molecules. Additionally, dysfunctional and oxidatively stressed mitochondrial-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in remodeling the phenotypes and functions of TAMs. This article reviews the interactions between mtDNA and TAMs in the TME and further discusses the influence of their performance on tumor genesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
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23
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Zhou J, Sun C, Yang L, Wang J, Jn-Simon N, Zhou C, Bryant A, Cao Q, Li C, Petersen B, Pi L. Liver regeneration and ethanol detoxification: A new link in YAP regulation of ALDH1A1 during alcohol-related hepatocyte damage. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22224. [PMID: 35218575 PMCID: PMC9126254 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101686r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP), a central effector in the Hippo pathway, is involved in the regulation of organ size, stem cell self-renewal, and tissue regeneration. In this study, we observed YAP activation in patients with alcoholic steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Accumulation of this protein in the nucleus was also observed in murine livers that were damaged after chronic-plus-single binge or moderate ethanol ingestion combined with carbon tetrachloride intoxication (ethanol/CCl4 ). To understand the role of this transcriptional coactivator in alcohol-related liver injury, we knocked out the Yap1 gene in hepatocytes of floxed homozygotes through adeno-associated virus (AAV8)-mediated deletion utilizing Cre recombinase. Yap1 hepatocyte-specific knockouts (KO) exhibited hemorrhage, massive hepatic necrosis, enhanced oxidative stress, elevated hypoxia, and extensive infiltration of CD11b+ inflammatory cells into hepatic microenvironments rich for connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) during ethanol/CCl4 -induced liver damage. Analysis of whole-genome transcriptomics indicated upregulation of genes involved in hypoxia and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, whereas genes related to hepatocyte proliferation, progenitor cell activation, and ethanol detoxification were downregulated in the damaged livers of Yap1 KO. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh)1a1, a gene that encodes a detoxification enzyme for aldehyde substrates, was identified as a potential YAP target because this gene could be transcriptionally activated by a hyperactive YAP mutant. The ectopic expression of the human ALDH1A1 gene caused increase in hepatocyte proliferation and decrease in hepatic necrosis, oxidative stress, ECM remodeling, and inflammation during ethanol/CCl4 -induced liver damage. Taken together, these observations indicated that YAP was crucial for liver repair during alcohol-associated injury. Its regulation of ALDH1A1 represents a new link in liver regeneration and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chunbao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Natacha Jn-Simon
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bryon Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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24
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Jain S, Chalif EJ, Aghi MK. Interactions Between Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:812916. [PMID: 35096619 PMCID: PMC8790087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.812916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with a median survival ranging from 6.2 to 16.7 months. The complex interactions between the tumor and the cells of tumor microenvironment leads to tumor evolution which ultimately results in treatment failure. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in the treatment of solid tumors but has been less effective in treating glioblastoma. Failure of immunotherapy in glioblastoma has been attributed to low T-cell infiltration in glioblastoma and dysfunction of the T-cells that are present in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing have increased our understanding of the transcriptional changes in the tumor microenvironment pre and post-treatment. Another treatment modality targeting the tumor microenvironment that has failed in glioblastoma has been anti-angiogenic therapy such as the VEGF neutralizing antibody bevacizumab, which did not improve survival in randomized clinical trials. Interestingly, the immunosuppressed microenvironment and abnormal vasculature of glioblastoma interact in ways that suggest the potential for synergy between these two therapeutic modalities that have failed individually. Abnormal tumor vasculature has been associated with immune evasion and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, suggesting that inhibiting pro-angiogenic factors like VEGF can increase infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. Remodeling of the tumor vasculature by inhibiting VEGFR2 has also been shown to improve the efficacy of PDL1 cancer immunotherapy in mouse models of different cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in our understanding of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment specially the tumor vasculature and its interactions with the immune cells, and opportunities to target these interactions therapeutically. Combining anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy in glioblastoma has the potential to unlock these therapeutic modalities and impact the survival of patients with this devastating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eric J Chalif
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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25
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Qin XY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Mei J, Lu H, Tan XF, Zhu R, Zhou WH, Li DJ, Zhang T, Ye JF, Li MQ. Insight of Autophagy in Spontaneous Miscarriage. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1150-1170. [PMID: 35173545 PMCID: PMC8771834 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In some cases of spontaneous miscarriage (SM), the exact etiology cannot be determined. Autophagy, which is responsible for cellular survival under stress conditions, has also been implicated in many diseases. Recently, it is also surmised to be correlated with SM. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive. In fact, there are several essential steps during pregnancy establishment and maintenance: trophoblasts invasion, placentation, decidualization, enrichment and infiltration of decidua immune cells (e.g., natural killer, macrophage and T cells). Accordingly, upstream molecules and downstream effects of autophagy are discussed in these processes, respectively. Of note, autophagy regulates the crosstalk between these cells at the maternal-fetal interface as well. Aberrant autophagy is found in villi, decidual stromal cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SM patients, although the findings are inconsistent among different studies. Furthermore, potential treatments targeting autophagy are included, during which rapamycin and vitamin D are hot-spots in recent literatures. To conclude, a moderately activated autophagy is deeply involved in pregnancy, suggesting that autophagy should be a regulator and promising target for treating SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Qin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicine School, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lu
- Departments of Assisted Reproduction, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhou
- Medicine Centre for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Ye
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899, Singapore
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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26
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Tian L, Lei A, Tan T, Zhu M, Zhang L, Mou H, Zhang J. Macrophage-Based Combination Therapies as a New Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:26-43. [PMID: 35224005 DOI: 10.1159/000518664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells of the immune system can inhibit tumor growth and progression; however, immune cells can also promote tumor cell growth, survival, and angiogenesis as a result of the immunosuppressive microenvironments. In the last decade, a growing number of new therapeutic strategies focused on reversing the immunosuppressive status of tumor microenvironments (TMEs), to reprogram the TME to be normal, and to further activate the antitumor functions of immune cells. Most of the "hot tumors" are encompassed with M2 macrophages promoting tumor growth, and the accumulation of M2 macrophages into tumor islets leads to poor prognosis in a wide variety of tumors. SUMMARY Therefore, how to uncover more immunosuppressive signals and to reverse the M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1-type macrophages is essential for reversing the immunosuppressive state. Except for reeducation of TAMs in the cancer immunotherapy, macrophages as central effectors and regulators of the innate immune system have the capacity of phagocytosis and immune modulation in macrophage-based cell therapies. KEY MESSAGES We review the current macrophage-based cell therapies that use genetic engineering to augment macrophage functionalities with antitumor activity for the application of novel genetically engineered immune cell therapeutics. A combination of TAM reeducation and macrophage-based cell strategy may bring us closer to achieving the original goals of curing cancer. In this review, we describe the characteristics, immune status, and tumor immunotherapy strategies of macrophages to provide clues and evidences for future macrophage-based immune cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Mou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Xu T, Yu S, Zhang J, Wu S. Dysregulated tumor-associated macrophages in carcinogenesis, progression and targeted therapy of gynecological and breast cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:181. [PMID: 34717710 PMCID: PMC8557603 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological and breast cancers are a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors. Although existing treatment strategies have ameliorated the clinical outcomes of patients, the overall survival rate of advanced diseases remains unsatisfactory. Increasing evidence has indicated that the development and prognosis of tumors are closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME), which restricts the immune response and provokes malignant progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main component of TME and act as a key regulator in tumor metastasis, immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Several preclinical trials have studied potential drugs that target TAMs to achieve potent anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the various functions of TAMs and how they influence the carcinogenesis of gynecological and breast cancers through regulating cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and tumor-related immunosuppression. Besides, we also discuss the potential application of disabling TAMs signaling as a part of cancer therapeutic strategies, as well as CAR macrophages, TAMs-based vaccines and TAMs nanobiotechnology. These research advances support that targeting TAMs combined with conventional therapy might be used as effective therapeutics for gynecological and breast cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Wang W, Liu Y, Liu Z, Li S, Deng C, Yang X, Deng Q, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Li W, Liu Y, Zhou X, Li T, Zhu J, Wang J, Dai K. Evaluation of Interleukin-4-Loaded Sodium Alginate-Chitosan Microspheres for Their Support of Microvascularization in Engineered Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4946-4958. [PMID: 34525809 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the formation of microvascular networks, which provide oxygen and nutrients to cells, are the main reason for the engraftment failure of clinically applicable engineered tissues. Inflammatory responses and immunomodulation can promote the vascularization of the engineered tissues. We developed a capillary construct composed of a gelatin methacrylate-based cell-laden hydrogel framework complexed with interleukin-4 (IL-4)-loaded alginate-chitosan (AC) microspheres and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages as model cells. The AC microspheres maintained and guided the EPCs through electrostatic adhesion, facilitating the formation of microvascular networks. The IL-4-loaded microspheres promoted the polarization of the macrophages into the M2 type, leading to a reduction in pro-inflammatory factors and enhancement of the vascularization. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, without IL-4 or AC microspheres, the scaffold was less effective in angiogenesis. We provide an alternative and promising approach for constructing vascularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Kangfu Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, BUAA, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Changxu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qian Deng
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yeye Sun
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 422000, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Wu J, Jin L, Tan JY, Chen XF, Wang QQ, Yuan GY, Chen TX. The effects of a biodegradable Mg-based alloy on the function of VSMCs via immunoregulation of macrophages through Mg-induced responses. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1292. [PMID: 34532429 PMCID: PMC8422083 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Restenosis is one of the worst side effects of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to neointima formation resulting from the excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and continuous inflammation. Biodegradable Mg-based alloy is a promising candidate material because of its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and biodegradation of cardiovascular stents. Although studies have shown reduced neointima formation after Mg-based CVS implantation in vivo, these findings were inconsistent with in vitro studies, demonstrating magnesium-mediated promotion of the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Given the vital role of activated macrophage-driven inflammation in neointima formation, along with the well-demonstrated crosstalk between macrophages and VSMCs, we investigated the interactions of a biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (denoted JDBM), which is especially important for cardiovascular stents, with VSMCs via macrophages. Methods JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions were prepared to study their effect on macrophages. To study the effects of the JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions on the function of VSMCs via immunoregulation of macrophages, conditioned media (CM) obtained from macrophages was used to establish a VSMC-macrophage indirect coculture system. Results Our results showed that both JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions significantly attenuated the inflammatory response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and converted macrophages into M2-type cells. In addition, JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions significantly decreased the expression of genes related to VSMC phenotypic switching, migration, and proliferation in macrophages. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, and proinflammatory phenotypic switching of VSMCs were significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with CMs from macrophages treated with LPS + extracts or LPS + MgCl2 solutions. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that the magnesium in the JDBM extract could affect the functions of VSMCs through macrophage-mediated immunoregulation, inhibiting smooth muscle hyperproliferation to suppress restenosis after implantation of a biodegradable Mg-based stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Allergy/Immunology Innovation Team, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yun Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Fang Chen
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guang-Yin Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Allergy/Immunology Innovation Team, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Mukai M, Uchida K, Okubo T, Takano S, Matsumoto T, Satoh M, Inoue G, Takaso M. Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by Peptide Lv in Bone Marrow Macrophages and Synovium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:702126. [PMID: 34386509 PMCID: PMC8353113 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.702126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages are recruited into synovial tissue, where they contribute to synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis through inflammatory cytokine production. Recent studies have suggested that V-Set and transmembrane domain-containing 4 (VSTM4) and its fragment, peptide Lv, exhibit immunosuppressive activity on T cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-like activity, respectively. Given that evidence suggests that VEGF may play a role in macrophage function, we investigated peptide Lv-mediated regulation of inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and synovial inflammation. Method: To investigate the effects of peptide Lv, BMMs were stimulated with vehicle, LPS, or LPS + peptide Lv, and Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, and Ifng expression were evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). TNF-α and IFN-γ production was measured using ELISA. To examine the effect of peptide Lv deficiency on macrophages and synovitis, peptide Lv-deficient mice were generated using genome editing. LPS-induced Tnfa and Ifng expression and TNF-α and IFN-γ production were evaluated in BMM isolated from wild-type and peptide Lv-deficient mice. Additionally, Tnfa and Ifng expression levels were compared between wild-type and peptide Lv-deficient mice before and after knee injury. Results: Peptide Lv suppressed the LPS-mediated elevation in TNF-α and IFN-γ. LPS stimulation significantly increased TNF-α and IFN-γ production in BMM derived from peptide Lv-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. Synovial TNF-α expression in the injured knee was elevated in peptide Lv-deficient compared to wild-type mice. Conclusion: Peptide Lv suppressed TNF-α in macrophages and plays a role in synovial inflammation. Thus, peptide Lv may be a useful therapeutic target for synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Mukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang Y. Macrophages, as a Promising Strategy to Targeted Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685978. [PMID: 34326840 PMCID: PMC8313969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer. As one of the most important immune cells, macrophages act as phagocytes, patrol the surroundings of tissues, and remove invading pathogens and cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. Significantly, macrophages have a characteristic of high plasticity and can be classified into different subtypes according to the different functions, which can undergo reciprocal phenotypic switching induced by different types of molecules and signaling pathways. Macrophages regulate the development and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer by changing the tumor immune microenvironment. In tumor tissues, the tumor-associated macrophages usually play a tumor-promoting role in the tumor immune microenvironment, and they are also associated with poor prognosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms and stimulating factors of macrophages in the process of colorectal cancer metastasis and intends to indicate that targeting macrophages may be a promising strategy in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Kabir AU, Subramanian M, Lee DH, Wang X, Krchma K, Wu J, Naismith T, Halabi CM, Kim JY, Pulous FE, Petrich BG, Kim S, Park HC, Hanson PI, Pan H, Wickline SA, Fremont DH, Park C, Choi K. Dual role of endothelial Myct1 in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/583/eabb6731. [PMID: 33658356 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between angiogenesis and immunity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor prognosis. While pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive TME promote tumor growth, anti-angiogenic and immune stimulatory TME inhibit tumor progression. Therefore, there is a great interest in achieving vascular normalization to improve drug delivery and enhance antitumor immunity. However, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mechanisms to normalize tumor vessels have offered limited therapeutic efficacies for patients with cancer. Here, we report that Myct1, a direct target of ETV2, was nearly exclusively expressed in endothelial cells. In preclinical mouse tumor models, Myct1 deficiency reduced angiogenesis, enhanced high endothelial venule formation, and promoted antitumor immunity, leading to restricted tumor progression. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed a significant (P < 0.05) correlation between MYCT1 expression, angiogenesis, and antitumor immunity in human cancers, as suggested by decreased FOXP3 expression and increased antitumor macrophages in patients with low MYCT1 expression. Mechanistically, MYCT1 interacted with tight junction protein Zona Occludens 1 and regulated Rho GTPase-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics, thereby promoting endothelial motility in the angiogenic environment. Myct1-deficient endothelial cells facilitated trans-endothelial migration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and polarization of M1 macrophages. Myct1 targeting combined with anti-PD1 treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased complete tumor regression and long-term survival in anti-PD1-responsive and -refractory tumor models in mice. Our data collectively support a critical role for Myct1 in controlling tumor angiogenesis and reprogramming tumor immunity. Myct1-targeted vascular control, in combination with immunotherapy, may become an exciting therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ul Kabir
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.,Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Madhav Subramanian
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Karen Krchma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Teri Naismith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadi E Pulous
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15335, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15335, Republic of Korea
| | - Phyllis I Hanson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. .,Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong In 17104, Republic of Korea
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33
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Fujii T, Hirakata T, Kurozumi S, Tokuda S, Nakazawa Y, Obayashi S, Yajima R, Oyama T, Shirabe K. VEGF-A Is Associated With the Degree of TILs and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:2641-2646. [PMID: 32871794 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an important angiogenic factor, has been reported to effect cancer growth and development. Recent reports indicated that anti-VEGF therapy has an important effect of enhancing anti-tumor immunity in various cancers. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between VEGF-A expression and immunological factors, including programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the degrees of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study enrolled 97 cases with invasive breast cancer who had undergone surgery without preoperative therapy. The grades of stromal-TILs were evaluated using the criteria of the International Working Group for TILs in breast cancer: low, intermediate, and high. VEGF-A and PD-L1 positivity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between VEGF-A expression and the expression of PD-L1 and TILs was investigated. RESULTS Among the 97 cases, 37 (38.1%) had positive VEGF-A expression in the breast tumor. We divided the cases in two groups based on the VEGF-A expression levels. The analysis revealed that PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with VEGF-A expression in the breast tumor (29.7% vs. 10.0%, p=0.014). Among the cases with positive PD-L1, 36.7% of VEGF-positive cases and none of VEGF-negative cases had low TILs in the breast tumor. CONCLUSION VEGF-A expression in breast cancer may reflect PD-L1 expression in the tumor. VEGF-A may act as a negative biomarker of TILs in PD-L1-positive breast cancer. Our results suggest that VEGF-A may be predictive of immunological features and may serve as a useful biomarker for immuno-targeting therapy in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fujii
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan .,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirakata
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokuda
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakazawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sayaka Obayashi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reina Yajima
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Ricketts TD, Prieto-Dominguez N, Gowda PS, Ubil E. Mechanisms of Macrophage Plasticity in the Tumor Environment: Manipulating Activation State to Improve Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642285. [PMID: 34025653 PMCID: PMC8139576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a specialized class of innate immune cells with multifaceted roles in modulation of the inflammatory response, homeostasis, and wound healing. While developmentally derived or originating from circulating monocytes, naïve macrophages can adopt a spectrum of context-dependent activation states ranging from pro-inflammatory (classically activated, M1) to pro-wound healing (alternatively activated, M2). Tumors are known to exploit macrophage polarization states to foster a tumor-permissive milieu, particularly by skewing macrophages toward a pro-tumor (M2) phenotype. These pro-tumoral macrophages can support cancer progression by several mechanisms including immune suppression, growth factor production, promotion of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. By preventing the adoption of this pro-tumor phenotype or reprogramming these macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory state, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth. Here, we describe types of tumor-derived signaling that facilitate macrophage reprogramming, including paracrine signaling and activation of innate immune checkpoints. We also describe intervention strategies targeting macrophage plasticity to limit disease progression and address their implications in cancer chemo- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Ubil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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35
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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36
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Yan LH, Liu XL, Mo SS, Zhang D, Mo XW, Tang WZ. OX40 as a novel target for the reversal of immune escape in colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:923-934. [PMID: 33841630 PMCID: PMC8014382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
First-generation immunological checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4, PD-L1 and PD-1 exhibit significant advantages over conventional cytotoxic drugs, such as oxaliplatin and 5-FU, for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, these inhibitors are not ideal due to their low objective response rate and the vulnerability of these treatment methods when faced with emerging drug resistant cancers. This study summarizes the immunological characteristics of colorectal cancer treatment, and analyzes the ways in which OX40 may improve the efficacy of these treatments. Activation of the OX40 signaling pathway can enhance the activity of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and inhibit the function of Treg. Simultaneously, OX40 can directly inhibit the expression of Foxp3, affect the inhibitory function of Treg, and inhibit the immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment so as to reverse immune escape and reverse drug resistance. Therefore, OX40 is an important target for treating colorectal cancer in "cold tumors" with less immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Si-Si Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xian-Wei Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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37
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Liu YZ, Han DT, Shi DR, Hong B, Qian Y, Wu ZG, Yao SH, Tang TM, Wang MH, Xu XM, Yao HP. Pathological significance of abnormal recepteur d’origine nantais and programmed death ligand 1 expression in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1216-1236. [PMID: 33250957 PMCID: PMC7667461 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i11.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy remains poorly efficacious in colorectal cancer (CRC). The recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase plays an important role in regulating tumor immunity.
AIM To identify the patterns of RON and PD-L1 expression and explore their clinical significance in CRC.
METHODS Gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO; n = 290) and patients at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZUSM; n = 381) were analyzed to determine the prognostic value of RON and PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment of CRC. HT29 cell line was treated with BMS-777607 to explore the relationship between RON activity and PD-L1 expression. Signaling pathways and protein expression perturbed by RON inhibition were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence and Western blot.
RESULTS In the GEO patient cohort, cut-off values for RON and PD-L1 expression were determined to be 7.70 and 4.3, respectively. Stratification of patients based on these cutoffs demonstrated that high expression of RON and PD-L1 was associated with a poor prognosis. In the FAHZUSM cohort, rates of high expression of RON in tumor cells, high PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating monocytes, and both high RON and high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment were 121 (32%), 43 (11%), 91 (24%), and 51 (13.4%), respectively. High expression of RON was significantly correlated with high expression of PD-L1 in the tumor cell compartment (P < 0.001). High expression of RON and that of PD-L1 were independent prognostic factors for poorer overall survival. Concurrent high expression of both RON and PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. In vitro, BMS-777607 inhibited the phosphorylation of RON, inhibited PD-L1 expression, and attenuated activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in CRC cells.
CONCLUSION RON, PD-L1, and their crosstalk are significant in predicting the prognostic value of CRC. Moreover, phosphorylation of RON upregulates PD-L1 expression, which provides a novel approach to immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Da-Ting Han
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Rong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Hao Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao-Ming Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Xiang-Ming Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- Department of Cancer Biology Research, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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38
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Bailly C. The implication of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in chronic periodontitis suggests novel therapeutic opportunities with natural products. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:90-96. [PMID: 32612718 PMCID: PMC7310691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the implication of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint in periodontitis is provided with the objective to propose a novel therapeutic approach. An exhaustive survey of the literature has been performed to answer two questions: (1) Is there a role for PD-1 and/or PD-L1 in the development of periodontitis? (2) Which natural products interfere with the checkpoint activity and show activity against periodontitis? All online published information was collected and analyzed. The pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, through its membrane-attached peptidoglycans, exploits the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint to evade immune response and to amplify the infection. Three anti-inflammatory natural products (and derivatives or plant extracts) active against periodontitis and able to interfere with the checkpoint were identified. Both curcumin and baicalin attenuate periodontitis and induce a down-regulation of PD-L1 in cells. The terpenoid saponin platycodin D inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis responsible for periodontitis and shows a rare capacity to induce the extracellular release of a soluble form of PD-L1, thereby restoring T cell activation. A potential PD-L1 shedding mechanism is discussed. The targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be considered a suitable approach to improve the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The plant natural products curcumin, baicalin and platycodin D should be further evaluated as PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint modulators active against periodontitis.
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Dossou AS, Sabnis N, Nagarajan B, Mathew E, Fudala R, Lacko AG. Lipoproteins and the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:93-116. [PMID: 32845504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in enhancing the growth of malignant tumors and thus contributing to "aggressive phenotypes," supporting sustained tumor growth and metastasis. The precise interplay between the numerous components of the TME that contribute to the emergence of these aggressive phenotypes is yet to be elucidated and currently under intense investigation. The purpose of this article is to identify specific role(s) for lipoproteins as part of these processes that facilitate (or oppose) malignant growth as they interact with specific components of the TME during tumor development and treatment. Because of the scarcity of literature reports regarding the interaction of lipoproteins with the components of the tumor microenvironment, we were compelled to explore topics that were only tangentially related to this topic, to ensure that we have not missed any important concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akpedje Serena Dossou
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ezek Mathew
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rafal Fudala
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Andras G Lacko
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Departments of Physiology/Anatomy and Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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40
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Dong Y, Han Y, Huang Y, Jiang S, Huang Z, Chen R, Yu Z, Yu K, Zhang S. PD-L1 Is Expressed and Promotes the Expansion of Regulatory T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1710. [PMID: 32849603 PMCID: PMC7412746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral accumulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells occurs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known about the role of tumor cells themselves in this process. Here, we showed that an immune checkpoint PD-L1 expressed by AML cells promoted the conversion and expansion of Treg cells sustaining high expression of Foxp3 and PD-1 as well as a suppressive function. Furthermore, an AML cell line HEL overexpressed PD-L1 promoted the conversion and expansion of Treg cells and CD4+PD-1+Foxp3+ T (PD-1+Treg) cells from the conventional CD4+ T cells. CD4+CD25highPD-1+ T cells secreted more IL-10 production than CD4+CD25highPD-1− T cells. IL-35, another cytokine secreted by Treg cells, promoted the proliferation of HL-60 cells and enhanced chemoresistance to cytarabine. Blockade of PD-1 signaling using anti-PD-L1 antibody dramatically impaired the generation of Treg cells and sharply retarded the progression of a murine AML model injected with C1498 cells. The frequency of intratumoral PD-1+ Treg cells was capable of predicting patient survival in patients with AML. In conclusion, our data suggest that PD-L1 expression by AML cells may directly drive Treg cell expansion as a mechanism of immune evasion and the frequency of PD-1+ Treg cells is a potential prognostic predictor in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Dong
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yisha Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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41
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Macrophages in Oral Carcinomas: Relationship with Cancer Stem Cell Markers and PD-L1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071764. [PMID: 32630659 PMCID: PMC7408350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be polarized into antitumoral M1 and protumoral and immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. This study investigated the clinical relevance of TAM infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), evaluating CD68 (M1 and M2 macrophage marker) and CD163 expression (M2 macrophage marker) in the tumor nests and surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis of both stromal/tumoral CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 125 OSCC patients, and correlated with clinical data. Potential relationships with the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and PD-L1 in the tumors were also assessed. Stromal CD163+ infiltration was significantly associated with the tumor location in the tongue, and stromal and tumoral CD68+ and CD163+-infiltrating TAMs were more abundant in nonsmokers and non-alcohol-drinkers. Strikingly, this study uncovers an inverse relationship between CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs and CSC marker expression (NANOG and SOX2) in OSCC. High infiltration of CD163+ TAMs in both tumor and stroma was strongly and significantly correlated with the absence of NANOG expression. Moreover, infiltration of both CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was also significantly associated with high tumor expression of PD-L1. Our results suggest that there is a link between TAM infiltration and immune escape in OSCC.
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42
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Metabolic immunomodulation of macrophage functional plasticity in nonhealing wounds. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:204-209. [PMID: 30950855 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite modern advances in medicine, nonhealing wounds are the number one cause of nontraumatic, lower-limb amputation. Nonhealing wounds are characterized by a healing process stalled between inflammation and tissue remodel/repair, a stage characterized by a shift in macrophage functional phenotype. Characterization of diversity in macrophage functional phenotype in wounds and metabolic contributions to macrophage polarization are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage functional diversity in phenotype has recently evolved from duality (classically activated, pro-inflammatory M1 and alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory M2) to include an additional four alternately activated subphenotypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d). Metabolic pathway utilization shifts characterize macrophage polarization with resulting metabolic and immune outcomes impacting host-pathogen interactions during wound healing. SUMMARY Recognition of the key role macrophage diversity plays in wound healing, along with better characterization of diverse macrophage phenotypes, will inform our understanding of pathogenicity in wound healing. Comprehensive profiling of the metabolism regulating macrophage polarization and host-pathogen interaction creates opportunity of discovery for innovative new diagnostics and therapeutics for treating nonhealing wounds.
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43
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Mirando AC, Patil A, Rafie CI, Christmas BJ, Pandey NB, Stearns V, Jaffee EM, Roussos Torres ET, Popel AS. Regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and vascular normalization in TNBC murine models by a novel peptide. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1760685. [PMID: 32923118 PMCID: PMC7458646 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1760685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic and aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Recently, the combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) with nab-paclitaxel was approved following a clinical trial that showed response rates in at least 43% of patients. While this approval marks a major advance in the treatment of TNBC it may be possible to improve the efficacy of ICI therapies through further modulation of the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Several factors may limit immune response in TNBC including aberrant growth factor signaling, such as VEGFR2 and cMet signaling, inefficient vascularization, poor delivery of drugs and immune cells, and the skewing of immune cell populations toward immunosuppressive phenotypes. Here we investigate the immune-modulating properties of AXT201, a novel 20 amino-acid integrin-binding peptide in two syngeneic mouse TNBC models: 4T1-BALB/c and NT4-FVB. AXT201 treatment improved survival in the NT4 model by 20% and inhibited the growth of 4T1 tumors by 47% over 22 days post-inoculation. Subsequent immunohistochemical analyses of 4T1 tumors also showed a 53% reduction in vascular density and a 184% increase in pericyte coverage following peptide treatment. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated evidence of a more favorable anti-tumor immune microenvironment following treatment with AXT201, including significant decreases in the populations of T regulatory cells, monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and PD-L1 expressing cells and increased expression of T cell functional markers. Together, these findings demonstrate immune-activating properties of AXT201 that could be developed in combination with other immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akash Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine I Rafie
- Viragh Center for Pancreatic Clinical Research and Care, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian J Christmas
- Viragh Center for Pancreatic Clinical Research and Care, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Niranjan B Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Research and Development, AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vered Stearns
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Viragh Center for Pancreatic Clinical Research and Care, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evanthia T Roussos Torres
- Viragh Center for Pancreatic Clinical Research and Care, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Messex JK, Byrd CJ, Liou GY. Signaling of Macrophages that Contours the Tumor Microenvironment for Promoting Cancer Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040919. [PMID: 32283687 PMCID: PMC7226754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is critical in the maintenance of an organism’s health. The immune response can be broken down into two groups. The innate response, which is fast-acting and rids the body of most foreign material before infection occurs, and the adaptive response, a more specific defense against pathogen composed mostly of antibody production and killer cells. Linking the two responses via cytokine and chemokine secretion are macrophages, motile phagocytic cells that ingest and present foreign material playing a role in the innate and adaptive immune response. Although macrophages are necessary for the survival of an organism, studies have also shown macrophages play a more sinister role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis in tumorous cells. In this comprehensive review, we show how macrophages induce such a response through abnormal cellular signaling and creating a cellular microenvironment conducive for tumor growth and metastasis, as well as the future outlook of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K. Messex
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (J.K.M.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Crystal J. Byrd
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (J.K.M.); (C.J.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Geou-Yarh Liou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (J.K.M.); (C.J.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(404)-880-6981; Fax: +1-(404)-880-6756
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45
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Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072286. [PMID: 32225076 PMCID: PMC7177226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is now widely described that cancer cells are able to evade the immune response and thus establish immune tolerance. The exploration of the mechanisms underlying this ability of cancer cells has always attracted the scientific community and is the basis for the development of new promising cancer therapies. Recent evidence has highlighted how extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a mechanism by which cancer cells promote immune escape by inducing phenotypic changes on different immune cell populations. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) in regulating immune checkpoints, focusing on the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
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46
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Hou ZH, Xu XW, Fu XY, Zhou LD, Liu SP, Tan DM. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 promotes angiogenesis and immunosuppressive properties of HCC cells by sponging miR-140. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C649-C663. [PMID: 31693399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00510.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer in adults. Previous studies in our laboratory found that long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was upregulated in HCC cells, which could affect the metastasis and invasion of HCC. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we studied the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-140 on the regulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppressive properties. We revealed that the expression of MALAT1 and VEGF-A was significantly increased in HCC cells. Knockdown of MALAT1 in HCC cells suppressed the production of VEGF-A, impaired the angiogenesis of HUVECs, and facilitated the polarization of macrophage toward the M1 subset. Mechanistically, the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-140 or between miR-140 and VEGF-A was confirmed by multiple assays. Besides, a negative correlation between MALAT1 and miR-140 was found in HCC tissues. Furthermore, miR-140 inhibition significantly increased VEGF-A expression, promoted angiogenesis of HUVECs, and redirected the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 subset. In addition, in vivo studies also verified the regulatory network of the MALAT1/miR-140 axis on VEGF-A in HCC progression. In summary, this study revealed the mechanism that MALAT1 worked as a putative HCC promotor via inhibiting miR-140. Therefore, targeting MALAT1 or miR-140 might alleviate the progression of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Hua Hou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Wen Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Du Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Ping Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ming Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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47
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Lai YS, Wahyuningtyas R, Aui SP, Chang KT. Autocrine VEGF signalling on M2 macrophages regulates PD-L1 expression for immunomodulation of T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1257-1267. [PMID: 30456891 PMCID: PMC6349155 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M2‐polarized macrophages, on one hand, can promote tumour vascularization by producing proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the other hand, the expression of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in this cell lineage was also reported. Although the function of VEGF/VEGFR axis plays a pivotal role in macrophages infiltration and angiogenesis, however, there is still lack of the direct evidence to show the role of VEGF as an autocrine operating in M2 macrophages, particularly for immunomodulation. In our study, we surprisingly discovered that M2 macrophages polarized by baicalin can simultaneously express VEGF and its receptors. Taking advantage of this unique culture system, we were able to investigate the biological activity of M2 macrophages in response to the autocrine VEGF milieu. Our results showed that the expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on M2 macrophages was significantly up‐regulated in autocrine VEGF milieu. Through the blockade of autocrine VEGF signalling, PD‐L1 expression on M2 macrophages was dramatically down‐regulated. Furthermore, transplantation of PD‐L1+ M2 macrophage stimulated by autocrine VEGF into allogeneic mice significantly suppressed host CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and increased CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the bone marrow. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel biological basis to support the current successful strategy using combined VEGF/PD‐1 signalling blockade in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Siew Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, Office of Research and Development, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Rika Wahyuningtyas
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Departments of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Shin-Peir Aui
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, Office of Research and Development, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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