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Xie D, Wang H, Ji Q, Wang J. Proanthocyanidin offers protection against diabetic nephropathy: elucidation of its mechanism of action using animal models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:702-712. [PMID: 39370768 PMCID: PMC11459798 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2409772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. DN is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with diabetes. Conventional therapy for DN includes intensive control of blood glucose level and blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system blockade. However, this approach has limited treatment effects on DN. Therefore, identifying novel drugs to delay the progression of DN is urgently needed. Proanthocyanidin (PA) has been shown to exert potentially beneficial effects on DN. However, the protective mechanism and efficacy are yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the efficacy and potential mechanisms of PA in animal models of DN. METHODS Preclinical studies were searched from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases, with the search deadline of August 2023. Keywords ('diabetic nephropathies', 'nephropathies, diabetic', 'diabetic kidney diseases', 'proanthocyanidin', 'anthocyanidin polymers', 'procyanidins', 'animal*', 'rat', and 'mice') were used to search the databases. RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 538 animals were included in this analysis. The pooled results indicated that PA therapy significantly improved kidney function and reduced proteinuria and blood glucose levels. The protective mechanism of PA was associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects; inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress; and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PA alleviates DN by mediating multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengpiao Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianting Wang
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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El-Tahir F, Esh A, Ghorab A, Shendi AM. Chemerin, TNF - α and the degree of albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Cytokine 2024; 184:156772. [PMID: 39366065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been increasingly recognized as an essential pathogenic mechanism for the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Chemerin is an adipokine which has been suggested to be related to inflammation and has been correlated with the development of diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the potential links between chemerin, TNF - α, as a marker of systemic inflammation, and the level of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD The study included 84 patients with T2DM and 10 normoalbuminuric non-diabetic controls. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data including chemerin and TNF-α levels were collected. RESULTS A total of 84 diabetic patients were enrolled, 32 males (38.1 %), with mean age 57.9 ± 10.7 years. They were divided into 3 groups: A1: 14 with normalbuminuria, A2: 27 with microalbuminuria, and A3: 43 with macroalbuminuria (uACR < 30, 30-300 and > 300 mg/gm respectively). Chemerin and TNF-α levels increased with the progress of albuminuria (control: 21.3 (14.7 -77), A1: 794 (683-925), A2: 1150 (962.9 - 1221.5) and A3: 1466 (1197.5 - 2002.5) ng/ml; p < 0.001) and (control: 77.9 (59 - 96.8), A1: 85.2 (71-116.3), A2: 87.3 (81 - 97.5) and A3: 99 (85.1 - 142.5) pg/ml; p = 0.009) respectively. Among the diabetics, a significant association was evident between serum chemerin and serum TNF-α (r = 0.53; p < 0.001). On linear stepwise regression analysis, chemerin was significantly associated with TNF-α and HbA1c (unstandardized β 10.881 and 272.68 respectively, p < 0.001); and TNF-α was significantly correlated with chemerin, uACR (unstandardized β 0.059 and 0.004 respectively, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (unstandardized β -13.699, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential role of chemerin and TNF-α in the development and progression of DKD, and thus support the role of the inflammatory pathway. Larger follow up studies are warranted to further explore the potential links between chemerin, inflammation and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Tahir
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Esh
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Adel Ghorab
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ali M Shendi
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Mahmoud HM, Abdel-Razik ARH, Elrehany MA, Othman EM, Bekhit AA. Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP) Confers a Renoprotective Effect on Early-Stage Nephropathy in Type-2 Diabetic Mice. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400104. [PMID: 38588017 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant global health concern with a high morbidity rate. Accumulating evidence reveals that Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is a biomarker in kidney diseases. Our study aimed to assess the advantageous impacts of modified citrus pectin (MCP) as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the initial and ongoing progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The animal model has been split into four groups: control group, T2DM group (mice received intraperitoneal injections of nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ), T2DM+MCP group (mice received 100 mg/kg/day MCP following T2DM induction), and MCP group (mice received 100 mg/kg/day). After 4 weeks, kidney weight, blood glucose level, serum kidney function tests, histopathological structure alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis parameters were determined in renal tissues. Our findings demonstrated that MCP treatment reduced blood glucose levels, renal histological damage, and restored kidney weight and kidney function tests. Additionally, MCP reduced malondialdehyde level and restored glutathione level, and catalase activity. MCP demonstrated a notable reduction in inflammatory and apoptosis mediators TNF-α, iNOS, TGF-βRII and caspase-3. Overall, MCP could alleviate renal injury in an experimental model of DN by suppressing renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Mina, Egypt
| | - Eman M Othman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 65111, Minia, Egypt E-mail: amany
- Cancer Therapy Research Center, Biochemistry Department -I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Department, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amany A Bekhit
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 65111, Minia, Egypt E-mail: amany
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Apte MM, Khattar E, Tupe RS. Mechanistic role of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in glycation induced diabetic nephropathy via RAGE-NF-κB pathway and extracellular proteins modifications: A molecular approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117573. [PMID: 38110133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC), an ancient medicinal plant, is used as a complementary and alternative medicine for treating diabetes mellitus and its associated complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Phytochemicals present in SC homeopathic formulations possess anti-glycemic, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, the non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) increases during hyperglycemia in diabetes. AGEs interaction with their receptor of AGEs (RAGE) promotes inflammation via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) and the accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to the renal dysfunction in DN. However, the molecular mechanism through which SC formulations interact with the AGEs-RAGE-NF-κB pathway has not yet been investigated. AIM This study aims to examine the impact of SC formulations on the RAGE-NF-κB pathway and ECM protein modifications in glycation-induced DN using a molecular approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human serum albumin (10 mg/ml) was glycated with MGO (55 mM) in the presence of SC formulations - Mother tincture (MT), 30C, 200C for 7 days. Glycated samples were added to renal cells (HEK 293) for 24 h. Subsequently, cellular gene and protein expressions of RAGE, NF-κB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), collagen IV (Col IV), and fibronectin were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. The immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were employed to gain insights into glycation-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and its effect on RAGE promoter activity in SC-treated cells. RESULTS SC formulations significantly downregulated glycation-induced elevated levels of RAGE and NF-κB. Mechanistically, SC formulations prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and RAGE promoter activity. Also, SC formulations significantly attenuated glycation-enhanced expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF) and ECM proteins (Col IV and fibronectin). CONCLUSION Our findings enlighten the molecular mechanism of SC in DN by targeting the AGEs-RAGE-NF-κB signaling pathway, inflammatory responses, and ECM accumulation. Hence, the study validates the protective role of SC formulations and signifies its novel potential for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura M Apte
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rashmi S Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
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Ning Y, Zhou X, Wang G, Zhang L, Wang J. Bioinformatics to Identify Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Sphingolipid Metabolism and their Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 21:e070524229720. [PMID: 38712372 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998297749240418071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently results in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), which has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Sphingolipid metabolism is associated with diabetes, but its relationship with DN is unclear. Therefore, screening biomarkers related to sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for treating DN. METHODS To identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in the GSE142153 dataset, we conducted a differential expression analysis (DN samples versus control samples). The intersection genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and Sphingolipid Metabolism-Related Genes (SMRGs). Furthermore, The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms were used to filter biomarkers. We further analyzed the Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the immunoinfiltrational analysis based on biomarkers. RESULTS We identified 2,186 DEGs associated with DN. Then, five SMR-DEGs were obtained. Subsequently, biomarkers associated with sphingolipid metabolism (S1PR1 and SELL) were identified by applying machine learning and expression analysis. In addition, GSEA showed that these biomarkers were correlated with cytokine cytokine receptor interaction'. Significant variations in B cells, DCs, Tems, and Th2 cells between the two groups suggested that these cells might have a role in DN. CONCLUSION Overall, we obtained two sphingolipid metabolism-related biomarkers (S1PR1 and SELL) associated with DN, which laid a theoretical foundation for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province(No. 21JR7RA436), Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province(No. 21JR7RA436), Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Gouqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province(No. 21JR7RA436), Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province(No. 21JR7RA436), Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province(No. 21JR7RA436), Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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Chen Y, Huang G, Qin T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Xu Y, Shen X. Ferroptosis: A new view on the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease with traditional Chinese medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115952. [PMID: 38056233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, which can eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. The increasing prevalence of diabetic kidney disease has brought huge economic burden to society and seriously jeopardized public health. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptosis-regulated form of cell death. The regulation of ferroptosis involves different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways. In recent years, ferroptosis has been proved to be closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease, and can interact with pathological changes such as fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, destroying the structure, form and function of the inherent cells of the kidney, and promoting the progression of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating diabetic kidney disease with remarkable curative effect. Current scholars have shown that the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine and the external treatment of Chinese medicine can regulate GPX4, Nrf2, ACSL4, PTGS2, TFR1 and other key signaling molecules, curb ferroptosis, and prevent the progressive deterioration of diabetic kidney disease. In this paper, the mechanism of ferroptosis and diabetic kidney disease and the prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed and summarized, in order to provide new ideas and new plans for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China.
| | - Ting Qin
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000 China
| | - Zechao Zhang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000 China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yitan Xu
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xiaonan Shen
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
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Shu H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Yang C, Wu Y, Wu D, Cao Y, Chu Y, Li L. Circular RNAs: An emerging precise weapon for diabetic nephropathy diagnosis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115818. [PMID: 37939612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality. Dysregulation of circRNA expression is closely associated with DN progression, whereby circRNA impacts kidney cell injury by modulating cell cycle, differentiation, cell death, as well as influencing the release of inflammatory factors and stromal fibronectin expression. Consequently, circRNA is considered a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for DN. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in the classification, functions, monitoring methods, and databases related to circRNA. The paper focuses on elucidating the impact and underlying mechanisms of circRNA on kidney cells under diabetic conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
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Mureșan AV, Tomac A, Opriș DR, Bandici BC, Coșarcă CM, Covalcic DC, Hălmaciu I, Akácsos-Szász OZ, Rădulescu F, Lázár K, Stoian A, Tilinca MC. Inflammatory Markers Used as Predictors of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1861. [PMID: 37763265 PMCID: PMC10532684 DOI: 10.3390/life13091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is identified late in diabetic patients because, in the majority of cases, it is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, resulting in little or no symptoms, or symptoms that are completely neglected. METHODS In this study were enrolled all patients over 18 years of age, with diabetes mellitus type II for more than a year with poor glycemic control, diagnosed with diabetic polyneuropathy admitted to the Diabetology Department, Emergency County Hospital of Targu Mures, Romania between January 2020 and March 2023. We divided the patients into two groups, based on the presence or absence of subclinical atherosclerosis in the lower limb, named "SA" and "non-SA". RESULTS Patients in the SA group were older (p = 0.01) and had a higher incidence of IHD (p = 0.03), history of MI (p = 0.02), and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.01). Moreover, patients with subclinical atherosclerosis had a higher BMI (p < 0.0001) and a longer duration of diabetes (p < 0.0001). Among all patients, the systemic inflammatory markers, MLR (r = 0.331, p < 0.001), NLR (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), PLR (r = 0.296, p < 0.001), SII (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), as well as BMI (r = 0.241, p < 0.001) and HbA1C (r = 0.489, p < 0.001), demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the diabetes duration. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older patients (OR: 2.58, p < 0.001), the male gender (OR: 2.30, p = 0.006), a higher baseline levels of BMI (OR: 7.71, p < 0.001), and the duration of diabetes (OR: 8.65, p < 0.001) are predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in DN patients. Additionally, the high baseline levels of all systemic inflammatory markers (for all: p < 0.001) and poor diabetes management (OR: 10.4, p < 0.001 for HbA1C; OR: 10.78, p < 0.001 for admission glucose) are independent predictors of SA. CONCLUSIONS the inflammatory markers, NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII, being cheap and easy to collect in routine medical practice from the standard blood tests, could be an important step in predicting vascular outcomes in diabetic patients and the disease's progression, playing a key role in follow-up visits in type-2 diabetic patients and PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandru Tomac
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital Saint Spiridon, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Diana Roxana Opriș
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT) of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Corneliu Bandici
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Cătălin Mircea Coșarcă
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Carina Covalcic
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Ioana Hălmaciu
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Orsolya-Zsuzsa Akácsos-Szász
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flavia Rădulescu
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.)
- Department of Scientific Research Methodology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Lázár
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.)
| | - Adina Stoian
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Mariana Cornelia Tilinca
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Shao Y, Deng S, Tang W, Huang L, Xie Y, Yuan S, Tang L. Molecular mechanism of GSDMD mediated glomerular endothelial cells pyroptosis: An implying in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110632. [PMID: 37451013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic progressive kidney disease, is the most prevalent microvascular complication associated with diabetes which causes the end-stage renal disease. Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are one of the inherent cells of the glomerulus and are particularly susceptible to be damaged by glucose, lipids and inflammatory factors. Numerous studies indicated that GECs injury was a critical pathological event in the early stages of DN. Previous studies have shown that podocyte pyroptosis occurred through the classical caspase-1 pathway, leading to kidney injury. However, the occurrence of pyroptosis in GECs and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the pyroptosis of GECs during DN and its underlying mechanism. Upon stimulation with high glucose (HG), we observed the upregulation of GSDMD and cleaved N-terminus, disruption of cell membrane integrity, and an increase in IL-18 inflammatory cytokines. Also, we found that the expression of caspase-11, GSDMD and GSDMD-N were increased in C57BL/6J mice induced by STZ combined with high sugar and fat. In addition, the pathological results of kidney showed a significant thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, abnormal increasement of extracellular matrix and hyperplasia with blurred boundaries of glomerulus. Furthermore, interfering the expression of GSDMD improved the pathological degree of kidney. These findings indicated that the pyroptosis of GECs during DN was facilitated by the non-classical pathway of caspase-11/GSDMD, ultimately leading to GECs injury and further aggravating the progression of DN. This work highlights the potential of GSDMD as a therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Shujun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingzhi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Siming Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
| | - Liqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
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10
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Ren J, Xu B, Ren J, Liu Z, Cai L, Zhang X, Wang W, Li S, Jin L, Ding L. The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1269. [PMID: 37759870 PMCID: PMC10526262 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Ren
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Bangjie Xu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianghao Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lingyu Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
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11
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Klen J, Dolžan V. SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: More than Just Glucose Regulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1995. [PMID: 37514181 PMCID: PMC10386344 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe and common complication and affects a quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress and inflammation related to hyperglycemia are interlinked and contribute to the occurrence of DKD. It was shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a novel yet already widely used therapy, may prevent the development of DKD and alter its natural progression. SGLT2 inhibitors induce systemic and glomerular hemodynamic changes, provide metabolic advantages, and reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. In T2DM patients, regardless of cardiovascular diseases, SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce albuminuria, progression of DKD, and doubling of serum creatinine levels, thus lowering the need for kidney replacement therapy by over 40%. The molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors extend beyond their glucose-lowering effects. The emerging studies are trying to explain these mechanisms at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Klen
- Division of Surgery, Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Zang Z, Wu X, Ma D, Xia X, He X, Chen X, Li Z. The Association between Serum Chemerin and Peritoneal Membrane Transport Function in Patients Undergoing Incident Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Blood Purif 2023; 52:676-685. [PMID: 37321196 DOI: 10.1159/000530773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some biomarkers in drained dialyzate or peritoneal membrane have been found related to the dialyzate/plasma ratio of creatinine at 4 h (D/P Cr) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). But so far, there is no report on serum markers. Some biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Chemerin is a multifunctional chemoattractant adipokine which plays important roles in inflammation, adipogenesis, and metabolism. We intended to investigate the role of chemerin in the peritoneal membrane transport function and CVDs in incident PD patients. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in our PD center. The patients underwent initial standardized peritoneal equilibration test after PD for 4-6 weeks. Level of serum chemerin was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients' CVDs were recorded during the follow-up period. RESULTS 151 eligible patients with a mean age of 46.59 ± 13.52 years were enrolled, and the median duration of PD was 25.0 months. The median concentration of serum chemerin was 29.09 ng/mL. Baseline D/P Cr was positively correlated with serum chemerin (r = 0.244, p = 0.003). The multivariate analyses revealed that serum chemerin (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.041), albumin (p = 0.000), and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) were independent factors of D/P Cr. The serum chemerin level was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients than that of patients without DM (36.45 ng/mL vs. 27.37 ng/mL, p = 0.000), and there was a significant statistical difference in CVDs between the high chemerin group (≥29.09 ng/mL) and low chemerin group (<29.09 ng/mL) (42 vs. 21%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Serum chemerin has a positive correlation with baseline D/P Cr in incident PD patients. It may be a biomarker that can predict the baseline transport function of the peritoneal membrane, and serum chemerin may be a risk factor of CVDs for incident PD patients. Multicenter studies with a larger sample size are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - XiaoFang Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Peng Z, Wang X, Zhu Q, Wang H, Li B, Pang X, Han J. CMKLR1 Antagonist Alpha-NETA Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:405-413. [PMID: 37231814 PMCID: PMC10308536 DOI: 10.1159/000530763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication in diabetic patients. Chemerin, a novel adipokine, has been associated with renal damage in DN. The chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) has been reported to participate in DN. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a CMKLR1 antagonist, 2-(anaphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), on DN. METHODS To induce diabetes, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic mice were randomly assigned to receive daily doses of 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg α-NETA for 4 weeks. RESULTS α-NETA dose-dependently induced body weight and reduced fasting blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, α-NETA significantly reduced the expressions of renal injury markers, including serum creatinine, kidney weight/body weight, urine volume, total proteins, and albumin in the urine, and increased creatinine clearance. Periodic acid-Schiff staining also indicated that α-NETA could effectively ameliorate renal injuries in DN mice. In addition, α-NETA inhibited renal inflammation and the expressions of chemerin and CMKLR1 in mice with DN. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggested that α-NETA has beneficial effects on the management of DN. Specifically, α-NETA effectively ameliorated renal damage and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner in mice with DN. Thus, targeting the chemerin and CMKLR1 axis with α-NETA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Peng
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Szostak J, Gorący A, Durys D, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076214. [PMID: 37047185 PMCID: PMC10094215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting one in every five patients suffering from diabetes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Several factors and pathways are known to be involved in the development of the disease, such as reactive oxygen species or the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The expression of those proteins might be extensively regulated by microRNA. Recent research suggests that in diabetic nephropathy patients, the profile of miRNA is significantly changed. In this review, we focus on the actions of miRNA in various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Yue G, An Q, Xu X, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. The role of Chemerin in human diseases. Cytokine 2023; 162:156089. [PMID: 36463659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a protein encoded by the Rarres2 gene that acts through endocrine or paracrine regulation. Chemerin can bind to its receptor, regulate insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, and thus affect glucose and lipid metabolism. There is growing evidence that it also plays an important role in diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Chemerin has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases caused by leukocyte chemoattractants in a variety of organs, but its biological function remains controversial. In conclusion, the exciting findings collected over the past few years clearly indicate that targeting Chemerin signaling as a biological target will be a major research goal in the future. This article reviews the pathophysiological roles of Chemerin in various systems and diseases,and expect to provide a rationale for its role as a clinical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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16
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Behnoush AH, Shobeiri P, Bahiraie P, Amirkhani N, Khalaji A, Peiman S. Chemerin levels in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1120774. [PMID: 36761204 PMCID: PMC9907439 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemerin as an inflammatory biomarker has gained attention in its biomarker capability. Several studies measured its levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD), as one of the common non-communicable causes of mortality and morbidity. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate this association. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies investigating chemerin levels in any CKD stage (including end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD)) and comparing it with healthy controls. Random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of eight studies were included, comprised of 875 individuals, with a mean age of 56.92 ± 11.78 years. All studies had high quality based on the New Castle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis revealed significantly higher levels of chemerin in CKD patients compared to healthy controls (SMD 2.15, 95% CI 0.83-3.48, p-value<0.01). Additionally, HD patients had statistically higher levels of chemerin than controls (SMD 2.10, 95% CI 0.58-3.62, p-value=0.01). In meta-regression, publication year accounted for 23.50% and 24.17% of heterogeneity for these analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION Chemerin can be potentially used as a biomarker in CKD patients, which can suggest the inflammatory pathways for the disease. Further research is warranted for the assessment of its clinical applications and enlightening its role in the pathophysiology of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Bahiraie
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Amirkhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Amirmohammad Khalaji,
| | - Soheil Peiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
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Liu X, Wang X, Ma H, Zhang W. Mechanisms underlying acupuncture therapy in chronic kidney disease: A narrative overview of preclinical studies and clinical trials. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:1006506. [PMID: 37675019 PMCID: PMC10479635 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high incidence, low awareness, and high disability rates among the population. Moreover, the disease significantly affects the physical and mental health of patients. Approximately 25% of patients with CKD develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 20 years of diagnosis and have to rely on renal replacement therapy, which is associated with high mortality, heavy economic burden, and symptoms including fatigue, pain, insomnia, uremia pruritus, and restless leg syndrome. Currently, the means to delay the progress of CKD are insufficient; therefore, developing strategies for delaying CKD progression has important practical implications. In recent years, more and more people are accepting the traditional Chinese medical technique "acupuncture." Acupuncture has been shown to improve the uncomfortable symptoms of various diseases through stimulation (needling, medicinal moxibustion, infrared radiation, and acupressure) of acupoints. Its application has been known for thousands of years, and its safety and efficacy have been verified. As a convenient and inexpensive complementary therapy for CKD, acupuncture has recently been gaining interest among clinicians and scientists. Nevertheless, although clinical trials and meta-analysis findings have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in reducing albuminuria, improving glomerular filtration rate, relieving symptoms, and improving the quality of life of patients with CKD, the underlying mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. Few studies explored the correlation between acupuncture and renal pathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review summarizing the currently known mechanisms by which acupuncture could delay the progress of CKD and improve symptoms in patients with ESRD. This review help provide a theoretical basis for further research regarding the influence of acupuncture on renal pathology in patients with CKD, as well as the differences between specific therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in different renal pathological diagnosis. The evidence in this review indicates that acupuncture may produce marked effects on blocking and reversing the critical risk factors of CKD progression (e.g., hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, aging, and anemia) to improve the survival of patients with CKD via mechanisms including oxidative stress inhibition, reducing inflammatory effects, improving hemodynamics, maintaining podocyte structure, and increasing energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’An District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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18
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Huang W, Chen YY, Li ZQ, He FF, Zhang C. Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810882. [PMID: 36142794 PMCID: PMC9506036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment of DKD is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Traditional therapeutic strategies focus on the control of major risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have been the main therapeutic measures in the past, but the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists has provided more options for the management of DKD. Simultaneously, with advances in research on the pathogenesis of DKD, some new therapies targeting renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress have gradually entered clinical application. In addition, some recently discovered therapeutic targets and signaling pathways, mainly in preclinical and early clinical trial stages, are expected to provide benefits for patients with DKD in the future. This review summarizes the traditional treatments and emerging management options for DKD, demonstrating recent advances in the therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Astragaloside IV Improves the Barrier Damage in Diabetic Glomerular Endothelial Cells Stimulated by High Glucose and High Insulin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7647380. [PMID: 35341134 PMCID: PMC8947930 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7647380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on damage in human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) stimulated by high glucose and high insulin. Methods. The transwell method was used to detect the integrity of the cell barrier after AS-IV intervention in a high glucose and high insulin environment for 24 h; immunofluorescence and Western blot methods were used to detect the tight junction protein ZO-1 and claudin-5 expression; intracellular and extracellular 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were determined by ELISA; expression and activation of AKT, p-AKT, GSK3α/β, and p-GSK3α/β were evaluated by Western blot. Results. The results showed that AS-IV had a significant protective effect on the cell barrier of GEnCs. High glucose or insulin inhibited cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. High glucose or insulin significantly inhibited glucose uptake and promoted release of reactive oxygen species in GEnCs. Administration with AS-IV dramatically preserved viability of the cells; moreover, the expression of intracellular tight junction proteins was upregulated, inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNFα were decreased, and the AKT-GSK3 pathway participated in modulation of AS-IV in GEnCs cells. Conclusion. We found in the present study that AS-IV can preserve filtration barrier integrity in glomerular endothelial cells under diabetic settings, its effects on increasing the cell energy metabolism and cell viability, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress damage, and enhancing tight junction between cells play a role in it; and the intracellular signaling pathway AKT-GSK modulated the above function. Our present finding supplied a new understanding towards development of DN and provided an alternative method on ameliorating DN.
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A Chemerin Peptide Analog Stimulates Tumor Growth in Two Xenograft Mouse Models of Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010125. [PMID: 35008289 PMCID: PMC8750290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The chemoattractant adipokine chemerin has been found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including colorectal carcinoma. The functional role of chemerin in colorectal carcinoma, however, has not been elucidated to date. This study analyses the impact of the chemerin analog CG34 on proliferation, colony formation, and migration in the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29 and SW620. In addition, the effect of systemic CG34 treatment is investigated in two xenograft mouse models of colorectal cancer (HCT116-luc and HT29-luc). The results of this study suggest there is a stimulatory role of chemerin receptor activation on the growth of colorectal carcinoma. Abstract Background: Chemerin plasma concentration has been reported to be positively correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer. However, the potential regulation of CRC tumorigenesis and progression has not yet been investigated in an experimental setting. This study addresses this hypothesis by investigating proliferation, colony formation, and migration of CRC cell lines in vitro as well as in animal models. Methods: In vitro, microscopic assays to study proliferation, as well as a scratch-wound assay for migration monitoring, were applied using the human CRC cell lines HCT116, HT29, and SW620 under the influence of the chemerin analog CG34. The animal study investigated HCT116-luc and HT29-luc subcutaneous tumor size and bioluminescence during treatment with CG34 versus control, followed by an ex-vivo analysis of vessel density and mitotic activity. Results: While the proliferation of the three CRC cell lines in monolayers was not clearly stimulated by CG34, the chemerin analog promoted colony formation in three-dimensional aggregates. An effect on cell migration was not observed. In the treatment study, CG34 significantly stimulated both growth and bioluminescence signals of HCT116-luc and HT29-luc xenografts. Conclusions: The results of this study represent the first indication of a tumor growth-stimulating effect of chemerin signaling in CRC.
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Wakamatsu K, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Matsumoto K, Miyai Y, Kawauchi M, Yanase K, Uemura N, Ueno M. Immunohistochemical expression of osteopontin and collagens in choroid plexus of human brains. Neuropathology 2021; 42:117-125. [PMID: 34964160 PMCID: PMC9546339 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence showing the functional significance of the choroid plexus is accumulating. Although it is clinically well‐known that calcification is frequently seen in the choroid plexus of aged human brains, it is unclear why calcification occurs in the aged choroid plexus and what exert effects on the calcification has. In this study, immunohistochemical localizations of collagens and other molecules related to fibrosis or calcification were investigated on the choroid plexus of autopsied human brains. Densely fibrous or calcified materials were located in the stroma just below the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus of all human brains examined. Immunoreactivity for collagen type I was identified in the stroma just below the epithelial cells, consistent with the densely fibrous or calcified area, whereas that for collagen type III was observed in almost all stroma other than the densely fibrous or calcified areas. Linear or membranous immunoreactivity for collagen type IV was intermittently localized on the epithelium‐facing side of the materials, suggesting an injured basement membrane. In addition, clear immunoreactivity for osteopontin was localized on the epithelium‐facing side of the fibrous or calcified materials as well as in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. These findings indicate that collagen type I exists in contact with osteopontin in and around the densely fibrous or calcified materials in the choroid plexus. They suggest that the densely fibrous or calcified materials are deposited in the subepithelial stroma just below an injured basement membrane of epithelial cells via the collagen type I and osteopontin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Machi Kawauchi
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan
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Quan XZ, Ye JH, Yang XZ, Xie Y. HOXA9-induced chemerin signals through CMKLR1/AMPK/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway to induce pyroptosis of trophoblasts and aggravate preeclampsia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112802. [PMID: 34461109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulated chemerin correlates with the risk and the severity of preeclampsia. In this study, we examined impacts and underlying mechanisms by which chemerin regulates pyroptosis and trophoblast inflammation. METHODS An in vivo preeclampsia model was established in rats and trophoblasts challenged with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) with or without exogenous chemerin were used as the in vitro model. Expressions of homeobox A9 (HOXA9), chemerin, chemerin receptor (the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)), activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and markers related to NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were examined by Western blot, and in response to AMPK inhibitor, targeting CMKLR1 or HOXA9. Cell viability and death were examined by CCK-8 and Hoechst staining, respectively. Productions of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum or culture medium were measured by ELISA. Transcriptional regulation of HOXA9 on chemerin was examined by combining expressional analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Up-regulations of HOXA9, chemerin, CMKLR1, TXNIP, and NLRP3 inflammasome were observed in both in vivo and in vitro models of preeclampsia, which were associated with increased death of trophoblasts and productions of IL-1β and IL-18. CMKLR1 and activated-AMPK essentially mediated chemerin effects in trophoblasts. HOXA9 directly activated the transcription of chemerin. CONCLUSIONS HOXA9 directly activates the transcription of chemerin, which, by activating the AMPK/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome, promotes pyroptosis and inflammation of trophoblasts, and contributes to preeclampsia. Therefore, targeting chemerin signaling may benefit the prevention and/or treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Quan
- Department of Reproductive Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Ye
- Department of Reproductive Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Zhou Yang
- Department of Reproductive Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Reproductive Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Wang W, Guo J, Wang D. Promotion of chemerin in rat diabetic kidney disease through enhancement of TGF-β1/Smads/CTGF pathway. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:10206-10217. [PMID: 34650691 PMCID: PMC8507004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although increasing evidence shows that the adipokine chemerin is involved in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), it is still unclear whether the chemerin acts as a critical element in renal function through the signaling pathways of transforming growth factor β1/Smads/connective tissue growth factor (TGF-β1/Smads/CTGF) in the context of DKD. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of chemerin and TGF-β1/Smads/CTGF signaling pathway in the development and/or progression of DKD. METHODS We used rat renal mesangial cells (RMCs) and a DKD rat model as study subjects. RMCs and rats were randomly separated into different groups and transfected with the constructed chemerin expression vector pcDNA™ 3.1 (+)-chemerin. Rat renal function and inflammatory cytokines were assessed after treatment with chemerin or CCX832 (ChemR23 antagonist). Real time polymerase chain reverse transcription (RT-QPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4, and CTGF. Western blot was performed to determine protein expression for semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS In in vitro studies, the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4, and CTGF were significantly increased in the groups of high glucose and chemerin as compared to the normal control and normal glucose groups, most notably in the high glucose chemerin group (all P<0.05). In vivo studies revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4, and CTGF were higher in the DKD group and the normal chemerin group than in the normal control group and the blocking receptor group, while appearing the highest in the DKD chemerin group (all P<0.05). Moreover, kidney/body weight ratio, urea, creatinine, and urine protein were increased, and the weight and endogenous creatinine clearance rate decreased in the DKD group and the normal chemerin group (all P<0.05). These changes were more pronounced in the DKD chemerin group. At the same time, blood glucose, triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) in the blocked receptor group was lower than those in the DKD group and the DKD chemerin group (all P<0.05). In contrast to those in the normal control group and blocked receptor group, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1 showed higher concentrations in the DKD group and the normal chemerin group. This result was more pronounced in the DKD chemerin group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Chemerin may play a role in DKD by enhancing the signaling pathways of TGF-β1/Smads/CTGF transduction either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, high glucose accelerates kidney injury by activating fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Dongqiang Wang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin, China
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Szpakowicz A, Szpakowicz M, Lapinska M, Paniczko M, Lawicki S, Raczkowski A, Kondraciuk M, Sawicka E, Chlabicz M, Kozuch M, Poludniewski M, Dobrzycki S, Kowalska I, Kaminski K. Serum Chemerin Concentration Is Associated with Proinflammatory Status in Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081149. [PMID: 34439815 PMCID: PMC8392272 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemerin is an adipokine and a chemoattractant for leukocytes. Increased chemerin levels were observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated associations between chemerin and biochemical measurements or body composition in CAD patients. Methods: In the study, we included patients with stable CAD who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the past. All patients had routine blood tests, and their insulin and chemerin serum levels were routinely measured. Body composition was assessed with the DEXA method. Results: The study group comprised 163 patients (mean age 59.8 ± years, 26% of females, n = 43). There was no significant difference in serum chemerin concentrations between patients with diabetes and the remaining ones: 306.8 ± 121 vs. 274.15 ± 109 pg/mL, p = 0.1. Chemerin correlated positively with the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hsCRP, all fractions of cholesterol, triglycerides, platelet count, fasting insulin, and c-peptide. Chemerin levels were also correlated with total fat mass but only in a subgroup with normal glucose metabolism. Conclusion: In patients with CAD, serum chemerin levels are correlated with inflammation markers, insulin resistance, and an unfavorable lipid profile. Correlation with fat mass is dependent on glucose metabolism status. Depending on the presence of diabetes/prediabetes, the mechanisms regulating chemerin secretion may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Szpakowicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Magda Lapinska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Marlena Paniczko
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Slawomir Lawicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrzej Raczkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Emilia Sawicka
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Marcin Kozuch
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Maciej Poludniewski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Slawomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Kaminski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang H, Mu J, Du J, Feng Y, Xu W, Bai M, Zhang H. Alpha-lipoic acid could attenuate the effect of chemerin-induced diabetic nephropathy progression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1107-1116. [PMID: 34804428 PMCID: PMC8591765 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.50792.11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Chemerin is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. α-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a potent antioxidant involved in the reduction of diabetic symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chemerin and P38 MAPK in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and examine the effects of α-LA on chemerin-treated human mesangial cells (HMCs). Materials and Methods: HMCs were transfected with a chemerin-overexpressing plasmid. HMCs were also treated with high-glucose, chemerin, α-LA, PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium, NF-κB p65 inhibitor), and/or SB203580 (P38 MAPK inhibitor). Cell proliferation was tested using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Collagen type IV and laminin were tested by ELISA. Chemerin expression was detected by qRT-PCR. The chemerin receptor was detected by immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κBp-p65 (NF-κB p-p65), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and p-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-P38 MAPK) were evaluated by western blot. Results: High-glucose culture increased the expression of the chemerin receptor. α-LA inhibited HMC proliferation. Chemerin overexpression increased collagen type IV and laminin expression. P38 MAPK signaling was activated by chemerin, resulting in up-regulation of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB p-p65, and TGF-β. SB203580, PDTC, and α-LA reversed the effects of chemerin, reducing IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB p-p65, and TGF-β expression. Conclusion: Chemerin might be involved in the occurrence and development of DN. α-LA might prevent the effects of chemerin on the progression of DN, possibly via the P38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinqiu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1497449. [PMID: 34307650 PMCID: PMC8285185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1497449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure are the main risk factors for the development of DN. In general, screening for microalbuminuria should be performed annually, starting 5 years after diagnosis in type 1 diabetes and at diagnosis and annually thereafter in type 2 diabetes. Standard therapy is blood glucose and blood pressure control using the renin-angiotensin system blockade, targeting A1c < 7%, and <130/80 mmHg. Regression of albuminuria remains an important therapeutic goal. However, there are problems in diagnosis and treatment of nonproteinuric DN (NP-DN), which does not follow the classic pattern of DN. In fact, the prevalence of DN continues to increase, and additional therapy is needed to prevent or ameliorate the condition. In addition to conventional therapies, vitamin D receptor activators, incretin-related drugs, and therapies that target inflammation may also be promising for the prevention of DN progression. This review focuses on the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DN, approaches to diagnosis in classic and NP-DN, and current and emerging therapeutic interventions.
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Ambroszkiewicz J, Gajewska J, Chełchowska M, Rowicka G. Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041057. [PMID: 33805091 PMCID: PMC8064076 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to establish whether the use of a strict milk-free diet in children with cow’s milk allergy, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, also extinguishes the inflammatory reaction induced by the allergy. Methods: We examined 64 children (aged 3–6 years) with a diagnosed cow’s milk allergy who had been treated with an elimination diet for at least six months and showed remission of the disease’s clinical symptoms as a result of the treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet. Concentrations of cytokines, calprotectin, and adipokines (leptin, resistin, chemerin, neutrophilic lipocalin associated with gelatinase—NGAL) were determined in the serum samples obtained from the studied children by immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Patients with CMA had significantly higher median values of serum IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL in comparison to the healthy children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum concentrations of IL-10, leptin, calprotectin and CRP as well as in WBC count were in the same range in both studied groups. We observed direct statistically significant correlations between levels of IL-10 and CRP (p = 0.005), IL-10 and WBC (p = 0.045), TNF-α and WBC (p = 0.038), calprotectin and WBC (p < 0.001), chemerin and CRP (p < 0.001) as well as between NGAL and WBC (p = 0.002) in children with CMA. Conclusion: The use of a strict milk-free diet by children with CMA, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, does not seem to extinguish the inflammation induced by the allergy. The findings of this study—elevated IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL levels in patients with CMA—suggest that these parameters seem to be involved in the generation of a low-grade proinflammatory environment observed in cow‘s milk allergy and could be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-327-7260
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Grażyna Rowicka
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Ding W, Chang A, Wei J, Li X, Qian H, Zhu C. Chemerin/CMKLR1 Axis Promotes the Progression of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:4468625. [PMID: 34868308 PMCID: PMC8635949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4468625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes, and the levels of chemerin were associated with the severity of DR. However, there is no research on chemerin in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Therefore, our study aimed to explore the relationship between chemerin and PDR. METHODS The levels of chemerin/chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR1), proinflammatory cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 90 cases of PDR and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients and in high glucose (HG) stimulated human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) were evaluated by ELISA. Moreover, chemerin was added into HG-induced ARPE-19 cells to assess its effect on proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF. RESULTS The levels of chemerin/CMKLR1 were higher in PDR patients than NPDR ones, and chemerin was positively correlated with CMKLR1 in PDR patients. Compared to NPDR, the secretions of proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF were increased in PDR patients and positively correlated with chemerin/CMKLR1. Additionally, chemerin activated CMKLR1 and aggravated HG-induced cell injury, inflammatory responses, and VEGF expressions in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that chemerin/CMKLR1 axis aggravated the progression of PDR, which suggested that inhibition of chemerin might serve as a new therapeutic approach to treat PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department IV of Medicine, Tangshan Likang Hospital, Xinglong Street, Han Town, Lubei District, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Wencui Ding
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Ailing Chang
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxia Qian
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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Ye Y, Fang L, Li J, Wu H, Tan X, Luo H, Li X, Huang L. Chemerin/ChemR23 regulates cementoblast function and tooth resorption in mice via inflammatory factors. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1470-1482. [PMID: 33289084 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and orthodontic treatment can lead to inflammatory root resorption (IRR) through an unclear mechanism. Chemerin, a novel chemoattractant protein, is closely associated with inflammation, affects osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, and may play a role in IRR. We aimed to explore possible roles of the chemerin/ChemR23 interaction in cementoblast function and IRR and reveal a new IRR therapeutic target. METHODS Cementoblast function-related gene and protein expression in the immortalized murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 after treatment with chemerin and siChemR23 was examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.The roles of the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were studied using specific inhibitors. Cementoblast cytokine production under different treatment conditions was measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Additionally, we modeled IRR in wild-type and chemerin-overexpressing mice and injected transgenic mice with anti-ChemR23 antibody to block ChemR23. We then calculated the root resorption volume and examined periodontal tissue cathepsin K, Runx2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. RESULT Chemerin suppressed cementoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerted a proinflammatory effect on cementoblasts. These effects were partially reversed by siChemR23 and reversed to different extents by p38, Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathway inhibition, suggesting p38, Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways as signaling pathways downstream of chemerin/ChemR23. In vivo, chemerin overexpression worsened IRR. Moreover, chemerin expression was positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and cathepsin K expression and negatively correlated with Runx2 expression. ChemR23 downregulation reversed these effects. CONCLUSION Chemerin/ChemR23 induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression dependent on Erk1/2, p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway activation, thereby regulating cementoblast function and affecting IRR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Ye
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Lingli Fang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hongyan Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Xi Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
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Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207711. [PMID: 33081064 PMCID: PMC7589803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
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Li L, Tang L, Yang X, Chen R, Zhang Z, Leng Y, Chen AF. Gene Regulatory Effect of Pyruvate Kinase M2 is Involved in Renal Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128:599-606. [PMID: 31958846 DOI: 10.1055/a-1069-7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells induces and promotes the activation of macrophages and contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the gene regulatory effect and potential role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The plasma PKM2 levels of patients with diabetes were evaluated. Eight-week-old mice were divided into three groups (WT, db/db mice, and db/db mice treated with TEPP-46) and raised for 12 weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Endothelial cells were stimulated with high glucose with or without TEPP-46. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), phospho-PKM2, PKM2, phospho-STAT3(signal transducer and activator of transcription), STAT3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and phospho-NF-kB in vivo and in vitro were determined using Western blot. The activation of macrophages (CD68+CD86+) in the glomeruli was assessed via fluorescent double staining. Moreover, immune endothelial adhesion experiments were performed. RESULTS The plasma PKM2 levels of patients with type 2 diabetes increased. P-PKM2 was up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. TEPP-46 decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and ICAM-1 expression in vivo and in vitro and inhibited the differentiation of macrophages to M1 cells in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy. PKM2 regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-kB. Furthermore, high glucose levels induced the transition from tetramer to dimer and the nuclear translocation of PKM2. CONCLUSION The gene regulatory effect of PKM2 is involved in renal inflammation in type 2 diabetic nephropathy by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-kB and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Thus, the down-regulation of phosphorylated PKM2 may have protective effects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nephritis/genetics
- Nephritis/metabolism
- Nephritis/pathology
- Phosphorylation/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Tang
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruifang Chen
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Leng
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hu S, Shao Z, Zhang C, Chen L, Mamun AA, Zhao N, Cai J, Lou Z, Wang X, Chen J. Chemerin facilitates intervertebral disc degeneration via TLR4 and CMKLR1 and activation of NF-kB signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11732-11753. [PMID: 32526705 PMCID: PMC7343479 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Now days, obesity is a major risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, adipokine, such as chemerin is a novel cytokine, which is secreted by adipose tissue, and are thought to be played major roles in various degenerative diseases. Obese individuals are known to have high concentration of serum chemerin. Our purpose was to study whether chemerin acts as a biochemical relationship between obesity, and IDD. In this study, we found that the expression level of chemerin was significantly increased in the human degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and had higher level in the obese people than the normal people. Chemerin significantly increased the inflammatory mediator level, contributing to ECM degradation in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Furthermore, chemerin overexpression aggravates the puncture-induced IVDD progression in rats, while knockdown CMKLR1 reverses IVDD progression. Chemerin activates the NF-kB signaling pathway via its receptors CMKLR1, and TLR4 to release inflammatory mediators, which cause matrix degradation, and cell aging. These findings generally provide novel evidence supporting the causative role of obesity in IDD, which is essentially important to literally develop novel preventative or generally therapeutic treatment in the disc degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Xie Y, Huang Y, Ling X, Qin H, Wang M, Luo B. Chemerin/CMKLR1 Axis Promotes Inflammation and Pyroptosis by Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rat. Front Physiol 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32390873 PMCID: PMC7191320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 (a G-protein-coupled receptor) are inducers of inflammation, and play an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we investigated the role of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in mediating inflammation and cell death in DCM. Sprague–Dawley rats, treated with a high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin, were used as a DCM model. CMKLR1 expression was knocked down by siRNA (CMKLR1-siRNA) to evaluate the role of CMKLR1 in DCM. Chemerin-treated H9c2 cells were used to investigate the factors acting downstream of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis. LDH release and EthD-III staining were used to measure the ratio of cell death in vitro. CMKLR1-siRNA and siRNA against nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3-siRNA) were used to explore the mechanism underlying chemerin-induced inflammation and cell death. The results showed that the expression of chemerin, CMKLR1, NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, activated caspase-1, and mature IL-1β was increased in the DCM model rat. Myocardium of DCM model rats exhibited fibrosis, hypertrophy, a disorganized ultrastructure, and impaired function. Pyroptosis was observed in vivo and in vitro. Silencing of CMKLR1 in vivo attenuated the expression of NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 and IL-1β. CMKLR1-siRNA treatment attenuated cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and pyroptosis, and improved cardiac function in vivo. Silencing of either CMKLR1 or NLRP3 suppressed the levels of activated caspase-1, IL-1β, and pyroptosis; however, silencing of both CMKLR1 and NLRP3 further decreased the levels of mature IL-1β and pyroptosis. Overall, the results showed that the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis contributed to the development of DCM and that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated the chemerin/CMLR1-induced inflammation and pyroptosis. These data indicate that silencing of the CMKLR1 gene might exert a protective effect against DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ling
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiou Qin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Abstract
Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine with established roles in inflammation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggest an important function of chemerin in cancer. Chemerin's main cellular receptors, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) are expressed in most normal and tumor tissues. Chemerin's role in cancer is considered controversial, since it is able to exert both anti-tumoral and tumor-promoting effects, which are mediated by different mechanisms like recruiting innate immune defenses or activation of endothelial angiogenesis. For this review article, original research articles on the role of chemerin and its receptors in cancer were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we included meta-analyses of publicly accessible DNA microarray data to elucidate the association of expression of chemerin and its receptors in tumor tissues with patients' survival.
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Gu P, Wang W, Yao Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Zang P, Ma J, Yang C, Liang J, Lu B, Shao J. Increased Circulating Chemerin in Relation to Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8693516. [PMID: 31379940 PMCID: PMC6662434 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8693516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global epidemic and increases mortality due to its vascular complications. Chemerin has been found to exert a major role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between plasma chemerin levels and microangiopathy in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 598 T2DM patients were classified into two groups: with and without microvascular complications. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were taken. The amounts of glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose, lipid profiles, creatinine, and chemerin concentrations in the blood were determined. The presence and severity of nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy were also evaluated by specific tests. RESULTS Plasma levels of chemerin in diabetic subjects with microvascular complications were markedly elevated compared to those without. The number of microvascular complications increased with high plasma chemerin levels. Patients with high chemerin levels had an increased incidence of nephropathy and retinopathy. Furthermore, the chemerin plasma concentrations increased with the progression of diabetic nephropathy with highest values in macroalbuminuria groups. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in plasma chemerin levels between subjects with and without peripheral neuropathy. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma chemerin levels were positively related to duration of diabetes, serum creatinine, and 24-hour urine albumin excretion, even after multiple adjustments. Using logistic regression analysis, plasma chemerin concentrations were independently associated with the presence of nephropathy and retinopathy, not neuropathy. CONCLUSION This study elucidated a positive correlation between increased chemerin levels and the development of some subtypes of diabetic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pu Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuihua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junya Liang
- Hypertension Research Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shang J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ning L, Zhao J, Cheng G, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z. Chemerin/ChemR23 axis promotes inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3417-3428. [PMID: 30784180 PMCID: PMC6484295 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by inflammation of renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) play an important role in inflammation and protein leakage in urine in DN patients. Chemerin and its receptor ChemR23 are inducers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of chemerin/ChemR23 in GEnCs of DN patients. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT‐PCR were used to measure the expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors in renal tissues of DN patients. Db/db mice were used as animal model. ChemR23 of DN mice was knocked down by injecting LV3‐shRNA into tail vein. Inflammation, physiological and pathological changes in each group was measured. GEnCs were cultured as an in vitro model to study potential signalling pathways. Results showed that expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors increased in DN patients and mice. LV3‐shRNA alleviated renal damage and inflammation in DN mice. GEnCs stimulated by glucose showed increased chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors and decreased endothelial marker CD31. Both LV3‐shRNA and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated chemerin‐induced inflammation and injury in GEnCs. Taken together, chemerin/ChemR23 axis played an important role in endothelial injury and inflammation in DN via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Suppression of ChemR23 alleviated DN damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Ning
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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