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Solairaja S, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Beyond Hormones: Investigating the Impact of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:231-243. [PMID: 38546883 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1) is a candidate oncogene with a prominent involvement in the pathogenesis of diverse cancers (ovarian, thyroid, breast, colon, head, and neck). Our study ascertains the ability of PGRMC1 to influence WNT members in the non-small cell lung cancer subtype-lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and participates in augmented cell proliferation and migration. Both computational and in vitro experimental analyses were performed in this study. Gene silencing, in vitro assays, gene expression & and protein expression studies were performed to ascertain the role of PGRMC1 in LUAD cells. The computational analysis, PGRMC1 gene level expression was analysed using the microarray gene expression omnibus datasets (GSE27262; GSE18842) to compare LUAD tumours and normal tissues. Concurrently, the gene expression profiling interactive analysis of PGRMC1 and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a decreasing patient survival rate with an increasing PGRMC1 gene expression in LUAD tumour samples. Interestingly, the experimental gene silencing studies were conducted in vitro (si-PGRMC1 Vs si-Control) to understand the essential role of PGRMC1 in regulating WNT-associated genes (WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT11). Comparative experimental cell migration and spheroid formation assays (si-PGRMC1 Vs si-Control) in vitro showed a strong association between PGRMC1 and LUAD. In vitro expression analysis using real-time PCR and western blot further confirmed the connecting link between PGRMC1 and WNT5A compared to other WNT member genes (WNT1 and WNT11) in LUAD. The computational and experimental analyses agreed with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Dumitru CA, Schröder H, Schäfer FTA, Aust JF, Kreße N, Siebert CLR, Stein KP, Haghikia A, Wilkens L, Mawrin C, Sandalcioglu IE. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1) Modulates Tumour Progression, the Immune Microenvironment and the Response to Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cells 2023; 12:2498. [PMID: 37887342 PMCID: PMC10604944 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1) is a tumour-promoting factor in several types of cancer but its role in brain tumours is poorly characterized thus far. Our study aimed to determine the effect of PGRMC1 on glioblastoma (GBM) pathophysiology using two independent cohorts of IDH wild-type GBM patients and stable knockdown GBM models. We found that high levels of PGRMC1 significantly predicted poor overall survival in both cohorts of GBM patients. PGRMC1 promoted the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion of GBM cells. We identified Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) and TCF 1/7 as potential members of the PGRMC1 pathway in vitro. The levels of ITGB1 and PGRMC1 also correlated in neoplastic tissues from GBM patients. High expression of PGRMC1 rendered GBM cells less susceptible to the standard GBM chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide but more susceptible to the ferroptosis inducer erastin. Finally, PGRMC1 enhanced Interleukin-8 production in GBM cells and promoted the recruitment of neutrophils. The expression of PGRMC1 significantly correlated with the numbers of tumour-infiltrating neutrophils also in tissues from GBM patients. In conclusion, PGRMC1 enhances tumour-related inflammation and promotes the progression of GBM. However, PGRMC1 might be a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies using ferroptosis inducers in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Schröder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany (I.E.S.)
| | | | - Jan Friedrich Aust
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany (I.E.S.)
| | - Nina Kreße
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany (I.E.S.)
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany (I.E.S.)
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Department of Pathology, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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McGuire MR, Espenshade PJ. PGRMC1: An enigmatic heme-binding protein. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108326. [PMID: 36463977 PMCID: PMC9839567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1) is a heme-binding protein that has been implicated in a wide range of cell and tissue functions, including cytochromes P450 activity, heme homeostasis, cancer, female reproduction, and protein quality control. Despite an extensive body of literature, a relative lack of mechanistic insight means that how PGRMC1 functions in these different aspects of biology is largely unknown. This review provides an overview of the PGRMC1 literature, highlighting what information is rigorously supported by experimental evidence and where additional investigation is warranted. The central role of PGRMC1 in supporting cytochrome P450 activity is discussed at length. Building on existing models of PGRMC1 function, a speculative model is proposed using the reviewed literature in which PGRMC1 functions as a heme chaperone to shuttle heme from its site of synthesis in the mitochondrion to other subcellular compartments. By spotlighting knowledge gaps, this review will motivate investigators to better understand this enigmatic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R McGuire
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Espenshade
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Physiology 107B, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Lodde V, Garcia Barros R, Terzaghi L, Franciosi F, Luciano AM. Insights on the Role of PGRMC1 in Mitotic and Meiotic Cell Division. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235755. [PMID: 36497237 PMCID: PMC9736406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosome missegregation and cytokinesis defects have been recognized as hallmarks of cancer cells. Cytoskeletal elements composing the spindle and the contractile ring and their associated proteins play crucial roles in the faithful progression of mitotic cell division. The hypothesis that PGRMC1, most likely as a part of a yet-to-be-defined complex, is involved in the regulation of spindle function and, more broadly, the cytoskeletal machinery driving cell division is particularly appealing. Nevertheless, more than ten years after the preliminary observation that PGRMC1 changes its localization dynamically during meiotic and mitotic cell division, this field of research has remained a niche and needs to be fully explored. To encourage research in this fascinating field, in this review, we will recap the current knowledge on PGRMC1 function during mitotic and meiotic cell division, critically highlighting the strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches used so far. We will focus on known interacting partners as well as new putative associated proteins that have recently arisen in the literature and that might support current as well as new hypotheses of a role for PGRMC1 in specific spindle subcompartments, such as the centrosome, kinetochores, and the midzone/midbody.
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Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) proteins play important roles in tumor growth, progression, and chemoresistance, of which PGRMC1 is the best characterized. The ancestral member predates the evolution of metazoans, so it is perhaps not surprising that many of the purported actions of PGRMC proteins are rooted in fundamental metabolic processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage responses. Despite mediating some of the actions of progesterone (P4) and being fundamentally required for female fertility, PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 are broadly expressed in most tissues. As such, these proteins likely have both progesterone-dependent and progesterone-independent functions. It has been proposed that PGRMC1 acquired the ability to mediate P4 actions over evolutionary time through acquisition of its cytochrome b5-like heme/sterol-binding domain. Diverse reproductive and nonreproductive diseases associate with altered PGRMC1 expression, epigenetic regulation, or gene silencing mechanisms, some of which include polycystic ovarian disease, premature ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, Alzheimer disease, and cancer. Although many studies have been completed using transformed cell lines in culture or in xenograft tumor approaches, recently developed transgenic model organisms are offering new insights in the physiological actions of PGRMC proteins, as well as pathophysiological and oncogenic consequences when PGRMC expression is altered. The purpose of this mini-review is to provide an overview of PGRMC proteins in cancer and to offer discussion of where this field must go to solidify PGRMC proteins as central contributors to the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Pru
- Correspondence: James K. Pru, PhD, Program in Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
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Xu X, Ruan X, Ju R, Wang Z, Yang Y, Cheng J, Gu M, Mueck AO. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 May Promote Survival of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221109749. [PMID: 35730360 PMCID: PMC10581101 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular changes occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) is a well identified hormone receptor with multiple functions in AD. This study aims to explore the involvement of PGRMC1 in the regulation of vascular endothelial function, providing new therapy options for AD. Single-cell sequencing revealed that the expression of PGRMC1 is lower in AD. By bioinformatics analysis, we found PGRMC1 was associated with regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and etc. To understand the functional significance of PGRMC1, knockdown and overexpression were performed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), respectively. Cell proliferation assay, migration assay, tube formation assay were performed in experiments. We demonstrated that the overexpression of PGRMC1 promoted the cellular processes associated with endothelia cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, significantly. In conclusion, PGRMC1 may contribute to the modulation of HBMVECs function in AD. This finding may offer novel targets for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Women’s Health and University Women’s Hospital of Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rui Ju
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muqing Gu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alfred O. Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Women’s Health and University Women’s Hospital of Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Chang JM, Wu JY, Chen SH, Chao WY, Chuang HH, Kam KH, Zhao PW, Li YZ, Yen YP, Lee YR. 9-O-Terpenyl-Substituted Berberrubine Derivatives Suppress Tumor Migration and Increase Anti-Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189864. [PMID: 34576028 PMCID: PMC8469690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death in humans worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases and is often diagnosed at a late stage. Among patients with NSCLC, 50% die within 1 year after diagnosis. Even with clinical intervention, the 5-year survival rate is only approximately 20%. Therefore, the development of an advanced therapeutic strategy or novel agent is urgently required for treating NSCLC. Berberine exerts therapeutic activity toward NSCLC; therefore, its activity as an antitumor agent needs to be explored further. In this study, three terpenylated-bromide derivatives of berberrubine were synthesized and their anti-NSCLC activities were evaluated. Each derivative had higher anti-NSCLCs activity than berberrubine and berberine. Among them, 9-O-gernylberberrubine bromide (B4) and 9-O-farnesylberberrubine bromide (B5) showed greater growth inhibition, cell-cycle regulation, in vitro tumorigenesis suppression, and tumor migration reduction. In addition, some degree of apoptosis and autophagic flux blocking was noted in the cells under B4 and B5 treatments. Our study demonstrates that the berberrubine derivatives, B4 and B5, exhibit impressive anti-NSCLC activities and have potential for use as chemotherapeutic agents against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (J.-M.C.); (K.-H.K.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (P.-W.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (P.-W.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Wen-Ying Chao
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kam-Hong Kam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (J.-M.C.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Pei-Wen Zhao
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (P.-W.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yi-Zhen Li
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (P.-W.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Pei Yen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (P.-W.Z.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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Lee SR, Lee YH, Jo SL, Heo JH, Kim G, Lee GS, An BS, Baek IJ, Hong EJ. Absence of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 reduces migration and metastasis of breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:42. [PMID: 33832499 PMCID: PMC8034092 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1) is a non-classical progesterone receptor associated with the development of the mammary gland and xenograft-induced breast cancer. Importantly, Pgrmc1 is associated with the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and can be used for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. Whether the genetic deletion of Pgrmc1 affects the progression of breast cancer is still unclear. METHODS We used MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice that spontaneously develop breast tumors. In backcrossed FVB Pgrmc1 knockout (KO) mice, we monitored the development of the primary tumor and lung metastasis. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell lines, the migratory activity was evaluated after Pgrmc1 knockdown. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the development of breast cancer in terms of tumor size at 13 weeks of age between WT and Pgrmc1 KO mice. However, Pgrmc1 KO mice had a significantly longer survival duration compared with WT mice. Furthermore, Pgrmc1 KO mice exhibited a significantly lower degree of lung metastasis. Compared with those of WT mice, the tumors of Pgrmc1 KO mice had a low expression of focal adhesion kinase and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. PGRMC1 knockdown resulted in a significantly reduced migration rate in breast cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Pgrmc1 KO mice with breast cancer had a prolonged survival, which was accompanied by a low degree of lung metastasis. PGRMC1 showed a significant role in the migration of breast cancer cells, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang R. Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Suite 401, Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Suite 401, Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Lae Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Suite 401, Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H. Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Suite 401, Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Globinna Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Suite 401, Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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Huang HY, Chou HC, Law CH, Chang WT, Wen TN, Liao EC, Lin MW, Lin LH, Wei YS, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Tan KT, Kuo WH, Ko ML, Chang SJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is involved in oral cancer cell metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9737-9751. [PMID: 32672400 PMCID: PMC7520311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a common cause of failure in cancer therapy. However, over 60% of oral cancer patients present with advanced stage disease, and the five‐year survival rates of these patients decrease from 72.6% to 20% as the stage becomes more advanced. In order to manage oral cancer, identification of metastasis biomarker and mechanism is critical. In this study, we use a pair of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3, and invasive OC3‐I5 as a model system to examine invasive mechanism and to identify potential therapeutic targets. We used two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) to examine the global protein expression changes between OC3 and invasive OC3‐I5. A proteomic study reveals that invasive properties alter the expression of 101 proteins in OC3‐I5 cells comparing to OC3 cells. Further studies have used RNA interference technique to monitor the influence of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) protein in invasion and evaluate their potency in regulating invasion and the mechanism it involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, p‐Src, Snail1, SIP1, JAM‐A, vimentin and vinculin was increased in OC3‐I5 compared to OC3 cells, whereas E‐cadherin expression was decreased in the OC3‐I5 cells. Moreover, in mouse model, PGRMC1 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also metastasis in vivo. Taken together, the proteomic approach allows us to identify numerous proteins, including PGRMC1, involved in invasion mechanism. Our results provide useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Yu Huang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Law
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ning Wen
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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