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Beak W, Park J, Ji S. Data-driven prediction model for periodontal disease based on correlational feature analysis and clinical validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32496. [PMID: 38912435 PMCID: PMC11193031 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the performance and reliability of data-driven models employing correlational feature analysis and clinical validation for predicting periodontal disease. Methods The 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 10,654) was used for correlation analysis to identify significant risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal prediction models were developed with the selected factors and database, followed by internal validation with 5-fold cross-validation and 1000 bootstrap resampling. External validation was conducted with clinical data (n = 120) collected through self-reported questionnaires, clinical periodontal parameters, and radiographic image analysis. Predictive performance was assessed for logistics regression, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, and neural network algorithms using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and other performance metrics. Results Correlation analysis identified 16 features from over 1000 potential risk factors for periodontitis. The best data-driven model (XGBoost) showed AUC values of 0.823 and 0.796 for internal and external validations, respectively. Modeling with clinical data revealed those same measures to be 0.836 and 0.649, respectively. In addition, the data-driven model could predict other clinical periodontal parameters including severe bone loss (AUC = 0.813), gingival bleeding (AUC = 0.694), and tooth loss (AUC = 0.734). A patient case study about prognostic predictions revealed that the probability of periodontitis can be reduced by 6.0 % (stop smoking) and 0.6 % (stop drinking) on average. Conclusions Data-driven models for predicting periodontitis and other periodontal parameters were developed from 16 risk factors, demonstrating enhanced prediction performance and reproducibility in internal-external validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosun Beak
- Department of Dental Public Health, Ajou University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Suwon Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Dental Public Health, Ajou University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Ma W, Zou Z, Yang L, Lin D, Guo J, Shan Z, Hu Q, Wang Z, Li B, Fang J. Exploring the bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and dyslipidemia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:508. [PMID: 38684998 PMCID: PMC11059608 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM As periodontitis and dyslipidemia are diseases that occur with high incidence, the relationship between them has attracted much attention. Previous studies on these diseases have tended to focus on lipid parameters and periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search to identify the studies investigating the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library before the date of August, 2023. Studies were considered eligible if they contained data on abnormal blood lipid parameters and periodontitis. Studies that reported mean differences and 95% confidence intervals or odds ratios were used. RESULTS A total of 73 publications were included in the meta-analysis. Hyper total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for high TG and low HDL levels. Three months after periodontal treatment, the levels of TC, TG and HDL were significantly improved, and statin treatment only improved gingival index (GI) levels compared to that of the dietary control. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported here suggest that the mutual promotion of periodontitis and dyslipidemia can be confirmed. Non-surgical periodontal therapy may improve lipid abnormalities. It can't be demonstrated whether systematic application of statins have a better effect on the improvement in periodontal status in patients with dyslipidemia compared to that of the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
- Central Laboratory, No. 1, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaolei Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisa Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe Second Road, Shandong, 256603, Binzhou, China
| | - Dongjia Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiannan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Trials Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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Kapp M, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Friedrich N, Pink C, Völzke H, Nauck M. Serum lipoprotein subfractions are associated with the periodontal status: Results from the population-based cohort SHIP-TREND. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:390-405. [PMID: 38098273 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the medium-term associations of serum protein subfractions derived from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy with periodontitis and tooth loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 3031 participants of the cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) were included. In addition to conventional serum testing, serum lipoprotein contents and subfractions were analysed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Confounder-adjusted associations of lipoprotein variables with periodontitis and the number of missing teeth variables were analysed using mixed-effects models with random intercepts for time across individuals, accounting for multiple testing. RESULTS While only spurious associations between lipoprotein levels from conventional blood tests were found-that is, triglycerides were associated with mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio with the number of missing teeth - several associations emerged from serum lipoprotein subfractions derived from 1 H-NMR analysis. Specifically, elevated LDL triglycerides were associated with higher levels of mean probing depth (PD), mean CALs, and increased odds of having <20 teeth. HDL-4 cholesterol levels were inversely associated with mean PD. Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) might mediate the effects of LDL and HDL triglyceride contents on periodontitis severity. CONCLUSIONS Several associations between serum lipoprotein subfractions and periodontitis were observed. As the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain unclear, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kapp
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Pink
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kim EK, Cho JY, Park EY. Association between periodontal disease and hypertriglyceridemia: Propensity score matching analysis using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36502. [PMID: 38134120 PMCID: PMC10735131 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontitis and dyslipidemia continues to increase, and several studies have reported an association between the 2. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between periodontitis and hypertriglyceridemia using propensity score matching to efficiently address confounding factors, as well as complex sample analysis with data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2016-2018). To match the 1:1 ratio between the groups with and without periodontitis, the propensity scores of covariates, such as age, sex, education, income, smoking, drinking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, were calculated using logistic regression. Both results of logistic regression analysis using complex sample design for whole and matched sample after propensity score matching demonstrated a significant association between hypertriglyceridemia and periodontitis, of which the adjusted odds ratio was 1.28 (95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.50) and 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.52), respectively. Our findings suggest that dental healthcare workers can help raise awareness among patients with periodontitis regarding the association between periodontitis and hypertriglyceridemia, which may help them manage the condition and receive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Cho
- Department of Dentistry, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Khan TZ, Mobin T. Unraveling the Link Between Periodontal Disease and High Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43463. [PMID: 37711924 PMCID: PMC10498934 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between high cholesterol levels and the prevalence of periodontal disease among patients in the United States, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and 2020. We hypothesize that patients with high cholesterol levels will have a high prevalence of periodontal disease. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing data from NHANES 2017-March 2020 pre-pandemic survey, a nationally representative survey. The sub-sample consisted of 7,042 participants aged 30 years and older who underwent the NHANES survey questionnaire. Information on high cholesterol levels and periodontal disease was obtained through self-reported data. Statistical analyses, using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), were performed to assess the association between high cholesterol levels and periodontal disease prevalence while controlling the potential confounding variables. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used. Results: The study included a total of 7,042 participants. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 60.2 (13.7); 54% were females and 46% were males. Out of the total, 23% (1636) of the samples had periodontal disease and 52% (3669) of the participants had high cholesterol levels. Findings indicated a significant association between high cholesterol and periodontal disease (odds ratio, OR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.06-1.40). Socioeconomic factors such as poverty and education, and other factors such as age, gender, race, smoking, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, sugar intake, cholesterol intake, saturated fatty acids intake, and oral hygiene were identified as potential confounders. CONCLUSION This large-scale cross-sectional study investigated the association between high cholesterol and periodontal disease while comprehensively controlling for potential confounding factors. After adjusting for the relevant confounders, we found a weak positive association between high cholesterol and periodontal disease. While these findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between systemic health and oral health, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits the establishment of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Zahid Khan
- Dentistry, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Talha Mobin
- Dentistry, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
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Bitencourt FV, Nascimento GG, Costa SA, Orrico SRP, Ribeiro CCC, Leite FRM. The Role of Dyslipidemia in Periodontitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020300. [PMID: 36678171 PMCID: PMC9864120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested an important role of dyslipidemia, a condition with alterations in blood lipid levels, in promoting an additional effect on periodontal breakdown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the theoretical pathways associated with dyslipidemia and periodontitis. We used data from 11,917 US adults with complete periodontal examinations participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Our hypothesis was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) and periodontitis as a latent variable reflecting the shared variance of the number of surfaces with periodontal pocket depth [PPD] = 4 mm, PPD = 5 mm, PPD ≥ 6 mm, clinical attachment level [CAL] = 4 mm, CAL = 5mm, CAL ≥ 6 mm, and furcation involvement. The model also considered distal determinants (age, sex, and socioeconomic status) and proximal determinants (HbA1c, smoking and alcohol consumption, and obesity). The model showed sufficient global fit (Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.04, 90%CI = 0.04−0.05, Tucker−Lewis Index = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index = 0.95). Age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, and smoking were directly associated with periodontitis (p < 0.01). Dyslipidemia revealed a significant direct effect on periodontitis (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.086, SE 0.027; p < 0.01), also mediated via an indirect pathway through HbA1c (SC = 0.021; SE 0.010; p = 0.02) and obesity (SC = 0.036; SE 0.012; p < 0.01) and resulted in a total effect on periodontitis. Dyslipidemia was associated with periodontitis through a direct pathway and indirectly through HbA1c and obesity in the US population. These results support the need for a multi-professional approach to tackling oral and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), directed at their common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valentim Bitencourt
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Susilena Arouche Costa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Graduate Dentistry Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080805, Brazil
| | - Silvana Regina Perez Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801385, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), São José do Rio Preto 15030070, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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7
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Lee YC, Lee JW, Kwon YJ. Comparison of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) associated with periodontitis in Korean adults. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221122671. [PMID: 36120508 PMCID: PMC9478708 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is one of the most common diseases associated with the oral
cavity. Previous studies have suggested that there is an association between
periodontitis and metabolic dysfunction. Recently, the triglyceride glucose
(TyG) index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and
metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index have been identified
as useful markers for assessing insulin resistance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and
non-insulin-based insulin resistance (IR) indices and compare the predictive
values of these indices in the Korean population. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 13,584 participants were included in the 2013–2015 Korean National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. A community periodontal index
score⩾3 was used to define periodontitis. Participants were divided into
quartiles according to each index. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of periodontitis and the TyG index,
TG/HDL-C ratio, and METS-IR index quartiles were calculated using multiple
logistic regression analysis. We estimated the areas under the receiver
operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the indices to compare the
predictive values of the three indices. Results: Compared with quartile 1, the fourth quartile ORs (95% CIs) for periodontitis
were 1.23 (1.01–1.49) for the TyG index, 1.23 (1.02–1.48) for the TG/HDL-C
ratio, and 1.53 (1.25–1.88) for the METS-IR index after adjustment for
confounders. The AUC (95% CIs) was 0.608 (0.598–0.618) for the TyG index,
0.600 (0.590–0.610) for the TG/HDL-C ratio, and 0.617 (0.608–0.627) for the
METS-IR index to identify periodontitis. The predictive power of METS-IR was
significantly higher than that of the TyG index and TG/HDL-C. Conclusion: Higher TG/HDL-C ratio, TyG, and METS-IR indices are associated with a higher
prevalence of periodontitis. The METS-IR index is a more powerful predictor
of periodontitis prevalence than the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Chan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The 3rd Air and Missile Defense Brigade, Air & Missile Defense Command, Republic of Korea Air Force, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Gomes-Filho IS, Oliveira MT, Cruz SSD, Cerqueira EDMM, Trindade SC, Vieira GO, Couto Souza PH, Adan LFF, Hintz AM, Passos-Soares JDS, Scannapieco FA, Loomer PM, Seymour GJ, Figueiredo ACMG. Periodontitis is a factor associated with dyslipidemia. Oral Dis 2022; 28:813-823. [PMID: 33486821 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the severity of periodontitis (exposure) and dyslipidemia (outcome). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of users of public health services. Periodontitis was defined using the Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Lipid evaluation used data on systemic biomarkers. Dyslipidemia diagnosis was based on the Guidelines of total cardiovascular risk of the World Health Organization. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and socioeconomic-demographic, lifestyle behavior factors, general and oral health conditions of the participants were collected. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyzes were used to determine the association between the exposures and the outcome. Odds Ratios, unadjusted and adjusted, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS Of 1,011 individuals examined, 75.17% had dyslipidemia, and 84.17% had periodontitis, 0.2% with mild, 48.56% moderate, and 35.41% severe disease. The association between periodontitis and dyslipidemia was maintained through hierarchical analysis and in the multiple regression modeling, showing that the occurrences of dyslipidemia in the group with periodontitis, and its moderate and severe levels, were, respectively, 14%, 30%, and 16% higher compared with those without periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johelle de Santana Passos-Soares
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Michael Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zhu H, Ye G, Xie Y, Zhu K, Zhu F, Chen Q. Association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and periodontitis severity in Chinese elderly: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4753-4759. [PMID: 35348881 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease of high prevalence worldwide. Increasing evidence has shown its association with cardiovascular diseases. While high-density lipoprotein is an important protective factor in preventing cardiovascular diseases, this study aims to examine whether high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with different status of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 874 Chinese retirees (≥ 60 years of age) with different statuses of periodontitis were enrolled. Periodontal clinical data were collected to define periodontal disease severity (no, mild-moderate, severe). Peripheral blood was collected for serum lipid profile analysis. Linear and logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders (gender, age, BMI, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, smoking habits) were used to determine the association of periodontitis with HDL-C. RESULTS After adjustments for confounders, linear regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between the decreased HDL-C and periodontitis severity (p < 0.05). Although the multivariable-adjusted ORs of decreased HDL-C were not statistically significant, logistic regression analyses showed Chinese elderly with severe periodontitis had higher odds of exhibiting clinically abnormal HDL-C levels than those without periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The elderly population with periodontitis showed HDL-C levels significantly lower than those without periodontitis. The severity of periodontitis was positively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontitis reduces HDL-C level in the elderly population, indicating that oral health should be paid attention to in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanchen Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyi Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangqi Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fudong Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Mikami R, Mizutani K, Matsuyama Y, Matsuura T, Kido D, Takeda K, Takemura S, Nakagawa K, Mukaiyama Y, Suda T, Yasuda T, Ohta S, Takaya N, Fujiwara T, Izumi Y, Iwata T. Association between periodontal inflammation and serum lipid profile in a healthy population: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1037-1045. [PMID: 34273107 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of periodontal inflammation on lipid metabolism is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between full-mouth periodontal inflammation and serum lipid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we performed periodontal and bacteriological examinations during medical checkup on 131 subjects. The association between the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and the lipid markers was analyzed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and body mass index. RESULTS Overall, 118 medically healthy participants were analyzed. The proportions of none, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were 37.3%, 32.2%, 25.4%, and 5.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in participants with the lowest tertile of PISA values (PISA low, coefficient: 7.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63, 14.26, p = .01) compared to those in other tertiles (PISA high). Low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were significantly lower in the PISA-low group than the PISA-high group (coefficient: -0.26 and -0.30; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.02, and -0.59, -0.0002; p = .04 and .0498). Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, but not serum Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody titer, partly explained the association between PISA and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A significant interaction between female sex and PISA values toward high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was detected. CONCLUSION Periodontal inflammation was inversely associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially in females. Elevated serum C-reactive protein partly explained this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kido
- Department of General Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takemura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Nakagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Mukaiyama
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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11
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de Carvalho RDP, Côrrea Viana Casarin R, Lima POD, Cogo-Müller K. STATINSWITH POTENTIAL TO CONTROL PERIODONTITIS: FROM BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS TO CLINICAL STUDIES. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:232-244. [PMID: 34146687 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, these drugs have pleiotropic effects that can be promising for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, such as periodontitis. HIGHLIGHT This review aimed to identify preclinical, observational, and clinical studies that evaluate the effects and biological mechanisms of statins on oral cells and tissues and those using these drugs to treat periodontitis. A LITERATURE SURVEY HAS BEEN CONDUCTED IN PUBMED USING COMBINATIONS OF THE UNITERMS: "statins," "dentistry," "periodontal disease," and "periodontal treatment." In vitro findings showed positive statin results in cell lines related to alveolar bone metabolism by altering the signaling pathway Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL), stimulating the production of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and reducing the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Animal studies have shown a reduction in alveolar bone loss and osteoclastic activity, in addition to a reduction in inflammatory markers, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, when statins were used prophylactically. Clinical trials showed a positive impact on clinical parameters, leading to a higher reduction in probing depth and gain in clinical attachment when a local statin was adjunctively associated with mechanical therapy. CONCLUSION Statins were shown to be promising for regenerating and stimulating bone activity, with great potential for treating chronic periodontitis. However, further studies are required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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Kim HN, Han SJ, Jun EJ, Kim JB. Factors Related to Oral Healthcare Service Utilization among Korean Adults Aged 25-79 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176032. [PMID: 32825072 PMCID: PMC7504307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The factors related to oral healthcare service utilization (OHSU) among Korean adults aged 25-79 years were assessed using the Andersen model with the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The study included 12,937 participants aged 25-79 years who answered questions on the predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to OHSU at dental clinics within the past 1 year. Age, sex, and education level were selected as predisposing factors; household income, residence region, and national and private health insurance status as enabling factors; and self-perceived oral health, dental pain, chewing status, and discomfort while speaking as need factors. These factors were assessed using multivariable complex logistic regression models. OHSU at dental clinics within the past 1 year was lower among less-educated participants, those with low, middle-low, and middle-high household income levels, rural participants, those benefiting from the Medicaid system, and non-insured participants. OHSU was higher among older participants, those who rated their self-perceived oral health status as bad, those with experience of dental pain, and those who experienced discomfort while chewing and speaking. The need factors were the most influential. Thus, interventions to reduce inequalities in OHSU are required to promote oral health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea;
| | - Sang-Jun Han
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (E.-J.J.)
| | - Eun-Joo Jun
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (E.-J.J.)
| | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (E.-J.J.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +85-51-510-8223; Fax: +82-51-510-8221
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13
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Schenkein HA, Papapanou PN, Genco R, Sanz M. Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:90-106. [PMID: 32385879 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is central to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a group of diseases in which arteries become occluded with atheromas that may rupture, leading to different cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. There is a large body of epidemiologic and animal model evidence associating periodontitis with atherosclerotic disease, and many potential mechanisms linking these diseases have been elucidated. This chapter will update knowledge on these mechanisms, which generally fall into 2 categories: microbial invasion and infection of atheromas; and inflammatory and immunologic. With respect to the invasion and infection of atheromas, it is well established that organisms from the subgingival biofilm can enter the circulation and lodge in most distant tissues. Bacteremias resulting from oral interventions, and even oral hygiene activities, are well documented. More recently, indirect routes of entry of oral organisms (via phagocytes or dendritic cells) have been described for many oral organisms, into many tissues. Such organisms include the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Intracellular survival of these organisms with dissemination to distant sites (The Trojan Horse approach) has been described. Their relative contribution to atheroma formation and progression has been studied mainly in experimental research, with results demonstrating that these organisms can invade endothelial cells and phagocytic cells within the atheroma, leading to pathogenic changes and progression of the atheroma lesion. The second category of mechanisms potentially linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis includes the dumping of inflammatory mediators originating from periodontal lesions into the systemic circulation. These inflammatory mediators, such as C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrinogen, and other hemostatic factors, would further accelerate atheroma formation and progression, mainly through oxidative stress and inflammatory dysfunction. Moreover, direct effects on lipid oxidation have also been described. In summary, the evidence supports the concept that periodontitis enhances the levels of systemic mediators of inflammation that are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Robert Genco
- Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Shimizu Y, Yamanashi H, Kitamura M, Furugen R, Iwasaki T, Fukuda H, Hayashida H, Kawasaki K, Kiyoura K, Kawashiri SY, Saito T, Kawakami A, Maeda T. Association between human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection and advanced periodontitis in relation to atherosclerosis among elderly Japanese: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:81. [PMID: 31883515 PMCID: PMC6935119 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) stimulates inflammation activity. Our previous study revealed a positive association between asymptomatic HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese individuals with low levels of hematopoietic activity (reflected by reticulocyte levels). Since low hematopoietic activity has been correlated with low-grade inflammation and low-grade inflammation is associated with atherosclerosis, the status of atherosclerosis could, in turn, determine the nature of this association. Methods To this end, a cross-sectional study of 907 elderly Japanese individuals (aged 60–99 years), who had participated in dental health check-up during the period 2016–2018, was conducted. Advanced periodontitis was defined as periodontal pocket ≥ 6.0 mm. Results Among the study population, 295 (32.5%) were found to have atherosclerosis defined as a carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of ≥ 1.1 mm. HTLV-1 infection was positively associated with advanced periodontitis in participants with atherosclerosis, but no significant associations were observed among the participants without atherosclerosis. The known risk factors’ (including reticulocyte and CIMT) adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of advanced periodontitis were OR 2.01 and 95% CI 1.06–3.81 for participants with atherosclerosis and OR 0.61 and 95% CI 0.34–1.12 for participants without atherosclerosis. Conclusion This study found a significant association between HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese with atherosclerosis. However, this association is absent in individuals without atherosclerosis, suggesting that atherosclerosis might act as a determinant in the association between HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirotomo Yamanashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Reiko Furugen
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwasaki
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukuda
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashida
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Kawasaki
- Community Medical Network Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kairi Kiyoura
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Lee JH, Lee SA, Kim HD. Periodontitis and intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin among Korean adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 48:21-31. [PMID: 31583741 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adequate intake of vitamin B complex could be prerequisite to health. However, few studies have been reported on the association of thiamine (vit B1 ), riboflavin (vit B2 ) and niacin (vit B3 ) with periodontal health. This study described the association between periodontal health and dietary vit B1 , vit B2 and vit B3 intake in the Korean population. METHODS A total of 12 750 adults aged over 19 years were selected for this study as a sub-sample of the national data set from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IV and V). Periodontitis and gingivitis were defined as Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores of 3-4 and 1-2, respectively. Information on dietary vit B1 , vit B2 and vit B3 intake was from 24-hour dietary recall method. Multivariable complex logistic regression analyses estimated association between vit B1 , vit B2 and vit B3 intakes and periodontal health after adjusting for various potential confounders. Stratified analyses by age, sex, dyslipidemia and total energy intake were also undertaken. RESULTS The overall estimated prevalence of periodontitis (CPI 3-4) and gingivitis (CPI 1-2) was 29.9% and 46.6%, respectively. Our data showed none of the inadequate intake of vit B1 , vit B2 and B3 showed significant association with gingivitis after adjusting for potential confounders. Inadequate intake of vit B3 showed higher prevalence odds of periodontitis by 1.25 times (adjusted odds ratio = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07-1.46). The association of vit B3 with periodontitis was stronger in females and participants aged 40-59 years. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate dietary intake of vit B3 was associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kang Won National University, Chun Cheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Lee JY, Park HJ, Lee HJ, Cho HJ. The use of an interdental brush mitigates periodontal health inequalities: the Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES). BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31357960 PMCID: PMC6664576 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mitigating effect of the use of interdental brushes on periodontal health inequality. Methods This study was based on the data acquired in the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI; 2013–2015). A total of 17,583 participants (7,633 males and 9,950 females)) aged 19 years or older completed the KNHANES VI between 2013 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using socioeconomic characteristics (sex, age, level of education, individual income), personal health practice (smoking, toothbrushing, dental flossing, interdental brushing, dental clinic visiting), systematic medical factors (diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity) and the community periodontal index. We confirmed differences in the prevalence of periodontal disease with the use of an interdental brushes stratified according to individual income. Results Three logistic regression models adjusted for covariates hierarchically. In all models, individuals who used an interdental brush were not significantly different from individuals who did not use an interdental brush. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for interdental brushing was 0.918 with a 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.797–1.057. When periodontal disease was the outcome of the model, the lowest income group had 1.266 (95% CIs 1.066 to 1.502) times the odds of having periodontal disease than the highest income group. In interdental brush nonusers, the lowest income group had 1.276 (95% CI 1.061–1.533) times the odds of having periodontal diseases than the highest income group. However, in the interdental brush users, there were no significant differences in periodontal disease prevalence among income groups. Conclusions The results suggest that the use of interdental brushes could alleviate periodontal health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive & Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Department of Preventive and Social dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangeung, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Cho
- Department of Preventive & Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Meisel P, Pink C, Nauck M, Völzke H, Kocher T. Construction of a Biological Age Score to Predict Tooth Loss over 10 Years. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1096-1102. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519861037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to construct a biological age score reflecting one’s physiologic capability and aging condition with respect to tooth loss over 10 y. From the follow-up to the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (i.e., SHIP-2), 2,049 participants were studied for their baseline biomarker measures 10 y before (i.e., in SHIP-0). Metabolic and periodontal data were regressed onto chronological age to construct a score designated as “biological age.” For either sex separately, the impact of this individualized score was used to predict tooth loss in the follow-up cohort in comparison with each participant’s chronological age. Outcome data after 10 y with respect to tooth loss, periodontitis, obesity, and inflammation were shown to be better for biologically younger subjects than as expected by their chronological age, whereas for the older subjects, data were worse. Especially for tooth loss, a striking increase was observed in subjects whose biological age at baseline appeared to be higher than their chronological age. Biological age produced significantly better tooth loss predictions than chronological age ( P < 0.001). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for tooth loss of ≥3 teeth in men during follow-up were 0.811 and 0.745 for biological and chronological age, respectively. For women, these figures were 0.788 and 0.724. For total tooth loss, areas under the curve were 0.890 and 0.749 in men and 0.872 and 0.752 in women. Biological age combines various measures into a single score and allows identifying individuals at increased risk of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Meisel
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C. Pink
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H. Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T. Kocher
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Moeintaghavi A, Arab HR, Moghaddam MA, Shahmohammadi R, Bardan BY, Soroush Z. Evaluation of Effect of Surgical and Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum C-Reactive Protein, Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Serum Lipoproteins and Fasting Blood Sugar in Patients with Severe Chronic Periodontitis. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Cardiovascular disease has been associated with multiple risk factors such as dyslipidemia. However, the focus has recently shifted towards some novel risk factorsi.e. infection from periodontitis.Given this background, we aimed to assess the effect of periodontal therapy on some CVD risk factors including Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein(LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein(HDL), Triglycerides(TG) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level has also been measured.Methods:Thirty patients (12 male and 18 female) who had severe periodontitis were tested for different blood parameters; namely Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein(HDL), Triglycerides (TGs), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS). Enzymatic colorimetric methods were applied to measure all the parameters’ values except for CRP. The first stage of periodontal treatment comprised oral hygiene instruction as well as scaling and root planing. After 1 month, at the next stage, open flap debridement surgery was performed on all 4 quadrants of the mouth. The blood parameters were reassessed and compared with the baseline values after 3 months. Two patients (female) failed to participate in the follow-ups. The Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine whether changes in laboratory variables are associated with age and average probing depth or not.Results:All the assessed parameters related to 28 patients showed mean reduction which proved to be significant for CRP (p=0.011) and cholesterol (p=0.035). Among all parameters, only CRP level was found to have a significant positive correlation with pocket depth. Other blood parameters' relationship with age and probing depth proved to be insignificant.Conclusion:Considering the results, periodontal treatment may significantly lower lipid profile serum levels and some inflammatory factors.
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19
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Verhulst MJL, Loos BG, Gerdes VEA, Teeuw WJ. Evaluating All Potential Oral Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30962800 PMCID: PMC6439528 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of these complications is complex, and involves metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction. These disturbances initiate several damaging processes, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and ischemia. These processes mainly exert their damaging effect on endothelial and nerve cells, hence the susceptibility of densely vascularized and innervated sites, such as the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Since the oral cavity is also highly vascularized and innervated, oral complications can be expected as well. The relationship between DM and oral diseases has received considerable attention in the past few decades. However, most studies only focus on periodontitis, and still approach DM from the limited perspective of elevated blood glucose levels only. In this review, we will assess other potential oral complications as well, including: dental caries, dry mouth, oral mucosal lesions, oral cancer, taste disturbances, temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, apical periodontitis, and peri-implant diseases. Each oral complication will be briefly introduced, followed by an assessment of the literature studying epidemiological associations with DM. We will also elaborate on pathogenic mechanisms that might explain associations between DM and oral complications. To do so, we aim to expand our perspective of DM by not only considering elevated blood glucose levels, but also including literature about the other important pathogenic mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J. L. Verhulst
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Martijn J. L. Verhulst
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Wijnand J. Teeuw
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Al-Kuraishy H, Kadhim S, Al-Windy S, Al-Gareeb A. Endothelin-1 is a surrogate biomarker link severe periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients: The potential nexus. J Int Oral Health 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_158_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Cardoso CDBM, Pipa CB, Narciso LG, Bomfim SRM, Jacinto RDC, Cintra LTA. Omega 3 Fatty Acids Reduce the Triglyceride Levels in Rats with Apical Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:173-178. [PMID: 29898064 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) on the lipid profile and periapical bone resorption in rats with apical periodontitis. Forty male rats were divided into groups: control rats (C), rats treated with w-3 PUFAs (C+O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with AP treated with w-3 PUFAs (AP+O). The administration of w-3 PUFAs was carried out orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, for an additional 30 days after pulp exposure. AP was induced by exposing pulpal tissues to the oral environment. The samples were collected after 30 days. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels were enzymatically measured using the Trinder method. The jaws were collected and submitted for histological analysis. Two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance was set at p<0.05. The triglyceride levels of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the C, C+O and AP+O groups (p<0.05). However, the difference in the cholesterol levels among the groups was not significant (p>0.05). Rats with AP showed larger areas of bone resorption as well as higher inflammatory intensity compared with rats with AP supplemented with w-3 PUFAs. It may be concluded that the presence of multiple AP foci increased the triglyceride levels. In addition, omega 3 supplementation might reduce these levels in rats with AP, as well as the bone resorption areas of periapical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Barbosa Pipa
- Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Narciso
- Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Araçatuba School of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Araçatuba School of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zoizner R, Arbel Y, Yavnai N, Becker T, Birnboim-Blau G. Effect of orthodontic treatment and comorbidity risk factors on interdental alveolar crest level: A radiographic evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:375-381. [PMID: 30173840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar bone loss is regarded as a potential adverse event during orthodontic treatment, especially in adults. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and severity of interdental alveolar crest height loss in adult orthodontic patients compared with an untreated control group and to identify comorbidity risk factors for such bone loss (high BMI score, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and smoking). METHODS Standardized bitewing radiographs of patients' buccal segments were taken before and after treatment of 34 consecutive adults treated in an orthodontic clinic. The control group included 29 patients from the operative dental clinic matched according to age and sex. Mean ages of the participants before treatment were 35.7 ± 6.7 and 35.6 ± 7.3 years for the control and treatment groups, respectively. Before orthodontic treatment, the patients were evaluated, treated as needed, and approved by a periodontist. They were periodontically healthy before treatment. Interdental alveolar crest height loss was calculated by subtracting the distance on a bitewing x-ray from the cementoenamel junction to the interdental alveolar crest at each interproximal tooth surface from the mesial aspect of the first premolar to the distal aspect of the second molar (8 sites per quadrant). Changes in interdental alveolar crest height were calculated by subtracting the cementoenamel junction-interdental alveolar crest distance before treatment from the corresponding distance after treatment. RESULTS The mean individual bone losses of all interproximal surfaces were 0.130 ± 0.192 and 0.072 ± 0.280 mm in the treatment and control groups, respectively. These differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.353). Twenty-two patients (65%) from the treatment group and 10 patients (34%) from the control group had an increase in the cementoenamel junction-interdental alveolar crest distance of more than 1 mm in at least 1 site, with borderline significance between the groups (P = 0.079). Notably, no association was observed between bone loss with any comorbidity factor. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study correspond to the conventional understanding in the orthodontic and periodontal literature that orthodontic tooth movement per se does not cause attachment loss. However, orthodontists should always be aware of the possibility of periodontal deterioration during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, comprehensive periodontal examination is necessary during orthodontic treatment, especially in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Zoizner
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Yael Arbel
- Department of Periodontology, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nirit Yavnai
- Academy and Research Branch, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Becker
- Department of Endodontology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Birnboim-Blau
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
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The association between low frequency of having breakfast and dyslipidemia in South Korean men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:896-904. [PMID: 30131522 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between frequency of having breakfast and dyslipidemia in South Korean adults aged 30 or over. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study, including 10,874 participants, was based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2016. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we examined the associations between frequency of having breakfast (and other covariates) and dyslipidemia in men and women. RESULTS Dyslipidemia was more common among male participants with lower frequency of having breakfast in a week and was significantly high in "0 times a week" group (OR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13-1.78) compared with 5-7 times/week. This trend was observed in those aged 40-59 years, white collar workers, those living with their spouse, and overweight or obese participants among males and in females aged 40-49 and ≥ 60 years. Statistically significant tendency of having dyslipidemia was observed with decreasing frequency of having breakfast in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides in males (LDL-C: p for trend < 0.0001, TG: p for trend = 0.0004), but not in females. CONCLUSION Frequency of having breakfast was associated with reduced dyslipidemia rate. The risk of dyslipidemia with a low frequency of breakfast was particularly observed in males aged 40-59, white collar workers, those living with a spouse, and postmenopausal females aged ≥ 60.
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Pham TAV, Tran TTP. The interaction among obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis in Vietnamese patients. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:63-71. [PMID: 29955389 PMCID: PMC6010795 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and periodontal disease in Vietnamese patients. The sample included 712 patients aged 18 years or older who first visited the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric index measurements for obesity (height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences) and had their body fat percentage measured. A full periodontal examination was performed and a fasting glycemic level was determined. Occurrence and risk of periodontal outcomes were compared across 3 different measurements of obesity (body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage). The prevalence of periodontitis in obese group (37.0%, 36.4%, and 24.6% by body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage, respectively) or Type 2 diabetic group (50.7%) was significantly higher than those without these conditions (p < .05). Subjects with obesity or Type 2 diabetes had significantly greater pocket depth and clinical attachment loss than those who are not obese or diabetic (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables, showed that the likelihood (odds ratio, OR) for periodontitis was highest in the obese and Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 4.24, CI [2.29, 7.86]; OR = 4.06, CI [2.24, 7.36]; and OR = 5.44, CI [2.94, 10.03]), followed by the obese and non-Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 2.28, CI [1.05, 4.95]; OR = 2.02, CI [1.34, 3.56]), and then the nonobese and Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 2.20, CI [1.21, 3.98]; OR = 1.99, CI [0.93, 4.24] and OR = 5.22, CI [2.76, 9.84]) when obesity was defined by body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage, respectively, (p < .05). There was a significant association between obesity, Type 2 diabetes, or those with both systemic conditions and periodontitis in Vietnamese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Anh Vu Pham
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto‐StomatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Tran
- Faculty of Odonto‐StomatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam
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Kim EJ, Jin BH. Comparison of oral health status and daily nutrient intake between elders who live alone and elders who live with family: Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) (2013-2015). Gerodontology 2018; 35:129-138. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Kemer Doğan ES, Kırzıoğlu FY, Doğan B, Fentoğlu Ö, Kale B. The effect of menopause on the relationship between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease via salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase levels. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:92-97. [PMID: 28984174 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1386798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impairment of the lipid metabolism could affect the periodontal disease; increased oxidative stress may have a role in this relationship. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of menopause in the relationship between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease via oxidative stress markers in saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-seven women were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups as systemically healthy and premenopause (C) (n = 18), hyperlipidemia and premenopause (H) (n = 16), systemically healthy and postmenopause (M) (n = 17), and hyperlipidemia and postmenopause (MH) (n = 16). Sociodemographics, periodontal and metabolic parameters, and saliva oxidative markers (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) were evaluated. RESULTS Menopause and/or hyperlipidemia were associated with an increase in all evaluated periodontal parameters. Saliva 8-OHdG and MPO levels were higher in menopausal groups (M and MH). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that hyperlipidemia was related to an increase in periodontal parameters. Salivary oxidative stress markers and periodontal parameters were also positively associated with menopause and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION Saliva 8-OHdG and MPO levels may indicate that the relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia is aggravated by menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Banu Kale
- Endocrinologist, Private Practice, Isparta, Turkey
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Nepomuceno R, Pigossi SC, Finoti LS, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Barros SP, Offenbacher S, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Serum lipid levels in patients with periodontal disease: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1192-1207. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; School of Dentistry at Araraquara; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Suzane C. Pigossi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; School of Dentistry at Araraquara; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Livia S. Finoti
- Department of Periodontics; University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Silvana R. P. Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; School of Dentistry at Araraquara; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Joni A. Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery; School of Dentistry at Araraquara; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Silvana P. Barros
- Department of Periodontology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Raquel M. Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology; School of Dentistry at Araraquara; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
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Cho YM. Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and the risk of cholesterol profiles: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:e2017014. [PMID: 28859472 PMCID: PMC5704572 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2017014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the associations between mercury (Hg) exposure and cholesterol profiles were analyzed, and increased Hg levels and cholesterol profiles according to the amount of fish consumption were evaluated. Data on levels of blood Hg, the frequency of fish consumption, total blood cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) in 3951 adults were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011 database. To compare the distribution for each log-transformed indicator, Student's t-test and analysis of variance were carried out, and the groups were classified according to the frequency of fish consumption through linear regression analysis; the association between Hg level and cholesterol profiles in each group was analyzed. The blood Hg levels (arithmetic mean, median, and geometric mean) for all target participants were 4.59, 3.66, and 3.74 µg/L, respectively. The high cholesterol group, low HDL-C group, and high TG group showed a statistically and significantly higher blood Hg level than the low-risk group. In both sexes, as the frequency of fish consumption increased, blood Hg level also increased, but TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG did not show a similar trend. Increased blood Hg level showed a significant association with increased TC and LDL-C. This statistical significance was maintained in the group with less frequent fish consumption (<4 times per month), but the group with frequent fish consumption (>8 times per month) did not show a similar trend. The results of this study suggest that fish consumption increases the level of Hg exposure, and that as the level of Hg exposure increases, the levels of cholesterol profiles increase. However, this study also suggests that the levels of cholesterol profiles in those with frequent fish consumption can be diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Cho
- Correspondence: Yong Min Cho Institute for Life and Environment Technology, Smartive Corporation, 58 Dobong-ro 110na-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01454, Korea E-mail:
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Sim HY, Kim HS, Jung DU, Lee H, Lee JW, Han K, Yun KI. Association between orthodontic treatment and periodontal diseases: Results from a national survey. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:651-657. [PMID: 28686092 DOI: 10.2319/030317-162.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between orthodontic treatment and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Fifth and Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, VI-1, and VI-2), conducted from 2012 to 2014, were used in this study. The final sample size consisted of 14,693 adults aged ≥19 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between orthodontic treatment and periodontitis. RESULTS The orthodontic treatment group exhibited a lower prevalence of periodontitis compared with the nonorthodontic treatment group. The adjusted odds ratios for periodontitis in subjects with a history of orthodontic treatment compared with those with no history of orthodontic treatment were 0.553, 0.614, and 0.624, when adjusted for various confounding variables (P < .0001). The subjects with periodontitis were of higher age, body mass index, waist circumference, and white blood cell counts compared with the subjects without periodontitis regardless of history of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS History of orthodontic treatment was associated with a decreased rate of periodontitis.
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Triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its association with periodontal disease in Korean adults: findings based on the 2012-2014 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:515-522. [PMID: 28589474 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is associated with periodontal disease in Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 12,249 individuals (4,941 men and 7,308 women) who took part in the 2012-2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We categorized the TG/HDL-C ratio into three groups. Periodontal disease was defined as a community pocket index score ≥3 with at least one affected site. Multiple logistic analyses were used to analyze the association between TG/HDL-C ratio and periodontal disease. RESULTS In the study population, prevalence of periodontal disease was 31.6% in men and 21% in women. Compared to the lowest tertile group, OR (95% CI) of the highest tertile group for periodontal disease was 1.474 (1.220-1.780) in men and 1.259 (1.041-1.522) in women after adjusting for age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, current smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, household income, oral health behavior, and use of anti-dyslipidemia medication. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with periodontal disease in Korean adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TG/HDL-C ratio is a simple and useful marker to reflect insulin resistance. And periodontal disease is also known to be related with insulin resistance. This study indicates that TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with periodontal disease in Korean adults.
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Yu T, Zhao L, Huang X, Xie M, Wang X, Ma C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xie B, Luo G, Zhang J, Xuan D. Postoperative Weight Loss Masks Metabolic Impacts of Periodontitis in Obese Rodents. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e97-e108. [PMID: 28394188 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilian Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Ai Kang Jian Dental Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangli Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Ma
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Xuan
- Department of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Cury EZ, Santos VR, Maciel SDS, Gonçalves TED, Zimmermann GS, Mota RMS, Figueiredo LC, Duarte PM. Lipid parameters in obese and normal weight patients with or without chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:161-167. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dyslipidemia rather than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Periodontitis Affects the Systemic Expression of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Genes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1491405. [PMID: 28316372 PMCID: PMC5337859 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1491405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high percentage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients are also affected by dyslipidemia and chronic periodontitis (CP), but no studies have determined the gene expression in patients that are simultaneously affected by all three diseases. We investigated the systemic expression of immune-related genes in T2D, dyslipidemia, and CP patients. One hundred and fifty patients were separated into five groups containing 30 individuals each: (G1) poorly controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G2) well-controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G3) normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia and CP; (G4) healthy individuals with CP; (G5) systemic and periodontally healthy individuals. Blood analyses of lipid and glycemic profiles were carried out. The expression of genes, including IL10, JAK1, STAT3, SOCS3, IP10, ICAM1, IFNA, IFNG, STAT1, and IRF1, was investigated by RT-qPCR. Patients with dyslipidemia demonstrated statistically higher expression of the IL10 and IFNA genes, while IFNG, IP10, IRF1, JAK1, and STAT3 were lower in comparison with nondyslipidemic patients. Anti-inflammatory genes, such as IL10, positively correlated with parameters of glucose, lipid, and periodontal profiles, while proinflammatory genes, such as IFNG, were negatively correlated with these parameters. We conclude that dyslipidemia appears to be the primary disease that is associated with gene expression of immune-related genes, while parameters of T2D and CP were correlated with the expression of these important immune genes.
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Thomas B, Prasad RB, Shetty S, Vishakh R. Comparative Evaluation of the Lipid Profile in the Serum of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individuals with Periodontitis. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:96-101. [PMID: 28566858 PMCID: PMC5426175 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_1160_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Periodontal disease is an immuno-inflammatory disease that is initiated by the interaction between microbial plaque and the periodontal tissues. The data available on the association of periodontal diseases with the lipid profile are conflicting. Therefore, a need for a study in this area was felt. AIMS To evaluate the lipid profile in the serum of patients with chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and to compare it with healthy controls, to see whether they can serve as potential markers for chronic periodontitis and also to assess whether periodontitis can have systemic effects. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 participants in the age group of 30-60 years from October 2010 to May 2015. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each of the study participants, from the antecubital vein. Lipid profile was assessed using the ERBA commercially available kit. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 17. Multigroup comparison was carried out using ANOVA. The honest significant difference Tukey's test was used in conjunction with ANOVA to find means which are significantly different from each other. RESULTS When the lipid profile was estimated, total cholesterol (TC) levels were seen to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the DM with periodontitis group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were seen to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the control group. Mean serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) levels were seen to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the DM with periodontitis group. The triglyceride (TGL) values were also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the DM with periodontitis group. The HDL and LDL levels were seen to be nonsignificant between chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study showed that the lipid profile was significantly altered in patients with chronic periodontitis as compared to healthy controls. There was a potentiated difference in the values for TC, VLDL cholesterol, and TGL in patients with chronic periodontitis when compared to patients with Type II DM. HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol did not show a significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendra B Prasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sucheta Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Vishakh
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Research Laboratory, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Park JB, Nam GE, Han K, Ko Y, Park YG. Obesity in relation to oral health behaviors: An analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3093-3100. [PMID: 27882123 PMCID: PMC5103750 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is reported to be associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of periodontal disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors and obesity in South Korean adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2010 was used to assess this and a total of 15,666 participants were included in the analysis performed. Oral behaviors, including the time of day and rate of tooth brushing, and usage of secondary oral products, were considered in this analysis. Obesity was defined using the following three methods: Body mass index, waist circumference and percentage body fat (PBF). Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of oral health behavior with obesity after adjusting for possible confounding variables. The frequency of daily tooth brushing and usage of secondary oral products was lower in individuals with obesity, irrespective of the method used to define obesity. Conversely, the risk of general obesity, abdominal obesity and high PBF was higher in individuals with a lower daily frequency of tooth brushing and usage of secondary oral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Park JB, Han K, Park YG, Ko Y. Association between socioeconomic status and oral health behaviors: The 2008-2010 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2657-2664. [PMID: 27703514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) has been reported to be associated with oral health behavior. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the relationship between SES and oral health behaviors in a large sample of the Korean population. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted between 2008 and 2010 by the Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance under the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, were used in the present study. Daily tooth brushing frequency and the use of secondary oral products according to demographic variables and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations between daily tooth brushing frequency and the use of secondary oral products, and SES, urban/rural residence, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking. An association between SES and tooth brushing frequency and the use of secondary oral products was detected after adjustment. Following adjustment for age, gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, exercise, energy intake, fat intake, periodontal treatment needs and education or income, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of tooth brushing ≥3 per day in the highest income group were 1.264 (95% CI, 1.094-1.460) and 2.686 (95% CI, 2.286-3.155) for highest education level group. The adjusted odds ratios for the use of secondary oral products in the highest income and highest education groups were 1.835 (95% CI, 1.559-2.161) and 5.736 (95% CI, 4.734-6.951), respectively, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, BMI, exercise, calorie intake, periodontal treatment requirements or income. The present study demonstrated an association between SES and oral health behaviors in a large sample of the Korean population. Within the limits of the present study, income and education were suggested as potential risk indicators for oral health behaviors; therefore, patients with a low SES should be investigated further, in relation to oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hong M, Kim HY, Seok H, Yeo CD, Kim YS, Song JY, Lee YB, Lee DH, Lee JI, Lee TK, Ahn HS, Ko YH, Jeong SC, Chae HS, Sohn TS. Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:910-9. [PMID: 27604799 PMCID: PMC5016291 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study examined prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis in representative samples of Korean adults, with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 4,477 adults (≥ 30 years old) were selected from 8,057 individuals who completed a nutrition survey, a self-reported general health behavior questionnaire, an oral examination, an oral hygiene behaviors survey, and laboratory tests. DM was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or self-reported diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis status and comparisons between the periodontitis and the non-periodontitis group, were performed, according to the presence of DM. Risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM and without DM were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in adults with DM (43.7%) than in those without DM (25%, p < 0.001). In adults without DM, risk factors for periodontitis were older age, male, urban habitation, waist circumference, smoking, oral pain, and less frequent tooth brushing. Significant risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM were the smoking, oral pain, and not-using an oral hygiene product. CONCLUSIONS Adults with DM have an increased risk of periodontitis than those without DM. Current smoking and oral pain increase this risk. Using an oral hygiene product can reduce risk of periodontal disease in adults with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tae Seo Sohn
- Correspondence to Tae Seo Sohn, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea Tel: +82-31-820-3652 Fax: +82-31-847-2719 E-mail:
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Sayar F, Fallah S, Akhondi N, Jamshidi S. Association of serum lipid indices and statin consumption with periodontal status. Oral Dis 2016; 22:775-780. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sayar
- Department of Periodontics; Tehran Dental Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - S Fallah
- Gastroenterology Department; Milad Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - N Akhondi
- Department of Mathematics; South Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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Thapa S, Wei F. Association Between High Serum Total Cholesterol and Periodontitis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2012 Study of American Adults. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1286-1294. [PMID: 27452393 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies have suggested that lipids increase activity of white blood cells. The objective of this study is to examine whether high serum total cholesterol (STC) is associated with periodontitis. METHODS A total of 1,061 participants from the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who underwent both periodontal examination and laboratory test for STC was included. To examine effects of high STC on periodontitis, odds ratios were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, education, income, smoking status, diabetes, body mass index, and calcium levels. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were observed between borderline as well as high STC and periodontitis. Study participants with STC between 200 and 239 mg/dL (borderline) were 1.67 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13 to 2.47) as likely to have periodontitis as those with normal levels (≤199 mg/dL), and those with STC ≥240 mg/dL (high) were 2.22 times (95% CI: 1.27 to 3.87) as likely to have periodontitis as those with normal levels. CONCLUSIONS Positive significant association was observed between STC and periodontitis. Results of the present study provide insight into potential risk factors for periodontitis. High STC levels could be a potential risk factor for the disease; however, further studies need to be conducted to understand the actual relationship between STC levels and periodontitis and to establish causality and directional association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Thapa
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Feifei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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Tran DT, Gay IC, Du XL, Fu Y, Bebermeyer RD, Neumann AS, Streckfus CF, Chan W, Walji MF. Partial-mouth periodontal examination protocol for estimating periodontitis extent and severity in a US population. Clin Exp Dent Res 2016; 2:73-79. [PMID: 29744152 PMCID: PMC5839260 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that half-mouth four-site periodontal examination protocol performed well in estimating periodontitis prevalence. This study aimed to assess biases associated with this same protocol in estimating periodontitis extent and severity in a United States population. Periodontitis extent as determined by percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥3, and ≥5 mm and severity as determined by mean CAL were calculated for full-mouth examination and half-mouth four-site protocol based on 3734 adults sampled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. Probing depth was excluded because of low data reliability. The comparison between full-mouth and half-mouth assessments was based on bias, relative bias, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). For full-mouth examination, periodontitis extent was 21.2% for CAL ≥3 mm and 6.9% for CAL ≥5 mm; periodontitis severity (mean CAL) was 1.73 mm. Half-mouth four-site protocol provided bias -1.2% and relative bias -5.7% for extent (CAL ≥3 mm). Corresponding numbers were -0.3% and 4.3% for extent (CAL ≥5 mm), -0.05 mm and -2.9% for severity. Although the difference between full-mouth and half-mouth assessments was statistically significant, ICCs between them were ≥0.96 for extent (CAL ≥3, 5 mm), and severity (mean CAL). Half-mouth four-site protocol performed well in estimating periodontitis extent and severity based on CAL. Therefore, this protocol should be considered for periodontitis surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong T. Tran
- School of DentistryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Isabel C. Gay
- School of Dental MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC27834USA
| | - Xianglin L. Du
- School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Yunxin Fu
- School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Richard D. Bebermeyer
- School of DentistryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Ana S. Neumann
- School of DentistryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Charles F. Streckfus
- School of DentistryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Muhammad F. Walji
- School of DentistryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030USA
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Gurav AN. Management of diabolical diabetes mellitus and periodontitis nexus: Are we doing enough? World J Diabetes 2016; 7:50-66. [PMID: 26962409 PMCID: PMC4766246 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i4.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the commonest oral disease affecting population worldwide. This disease is notorious for the devastation of tooth supporting structures, ensuing in the loss of dentition. The etiology for this disease is bacterial biofilm, which accumulates on the teeth as dental plaque. In addition to the biofilm microorganisms, other factors such as environmental, systemic and genetic are also responsible in progression of periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolic disorder which has an impact on the global health. DM plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontitis is declared as the “sixth” major complication of DM. Evidence based literature has depicted an enhanced incidence and severity of periodontitis in subjects with DM. A “two way” relationship has been purported between periodontitis and DM. Mutual management of both conditions is necessary. Periodontal therapy (PT) may assist to diminish the progression of DM and improve glycemic control. Various advanced technological facilities may be utilized for the purpose of patient education and disease management. The present paper clarifies the etio-pathogenesis of periodontitis, establishing it as a complication of DM and elaborating the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. The role of PT in amelioration of DM and application of digital communication will be discussed. Overall, it is judicious to create an increased patient cognizance of the periodontitis-DM relationship. Conjunctive efforts must be undertaken by the medical and oral health care professionals for the management of periodontitis affected DM patients.
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Kim SW, Han K, Kim SY, Park CK, Rhee CK, Yoon HK. The relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 11:13-21. [PMID: 26730184 PMCID: PMC4694678 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s94419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potential associations between oral health and respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have been suggested in several studies. Among the indicators reflecting oral health, the number of natural teeth is an integrated and simple index to assess in the clinic. In this study, we examined the relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction, which is a central feature of COPD. Methods A total of 3,089 participants over 40 years, who underwent reliable spirometry and oral health assessments were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey. Spirometry results were classified as normal, restrictive, or obstructive pattern. Total number and pairs of natural teeth were counted after excluding third molars. Results After adjusting for other variables, such as age, body mass index, socioeconomic factors, and oral health factors, the group with airflow obstruction showed significantly fewer natural teeth than the other groups in males (P=0.014 and 0.008 for total number and total pairs of natural teeth, respectively). Compared with participants with full dentition, the adjusted odds ratio for airflow obstruction in males with fewer than 20 natural teeth was 4.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.06–8.49) and with fewer than 10 pairs of natural teeth was 4.74 (95% confidence interval: 2.34–9.62). However, there was no significant association between the total number or pairs of natural teeth and airflow obstruction after adjustment in females. Conclusions Loss of natural teeth was significantly associated with the presence of airflow obstruction in males. Our finding suggests that the number of natural teeth could be one of the available indices for obstructive lung diseases, including COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YB, Shin MS, Byun JS, Kim HD. The association of hypertension with periodontitis is highlighted in female adults: results from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:998-1005. [PMID: 26461204 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association of hypertension and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with periodontitis in a nationally representative Korean adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of 14,625 participants of Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) aged over 19 years were cross-sectionally surveyed. Periodontitis was defined as CPI score of 3 or 4. Hypertension was categorized as: normotensive (SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (120 < SBP < 140 mmHg or 80 < DBP < 90 mmHg) and hypertensive (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication). Multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed controlling for age, sex, household income, drinking, smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus. Stratified analyses were performed to identify specific risk groups. RESULTS Hypertension showed a significant positive association with periodontitis in the fully adjusted model in female adults with a dose-response relationship. This association was highlighted in females aged 30-59 years (prevalence ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.40). The strength of the association was highest in females aged 30-39 years and decreased with increasing age. Among females aged 30-59 years, high-risk groups of this link were lower middle income quartile, never drinker and non-diabetes groups for both pre-hypertension and hypertension. CONCLUSION Our data showed that hypertension was associated with periodontitis in Korean female adults independent of known confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Been Ahn
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Seop Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Byun
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of IT, Hanshin University, Osan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Han K, Nam GE, Kim DH, Park JB, Ko Y, Roh YK, Cho KH, Park YG. Association of Periodontitis With Urinary Albumin Excretion in Korean Adults With Diabetes: The 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1839. [PMID: 26496329 PMCID: PMC4620835 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria and periodontitis are both commonly associated with systemic inflammation. However, the association between urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the association between UAE and periodontitis in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes.This study performed a cross-sectional analysis and used hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis models. Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 547 patients, with type 2 diabetes without renal impairment, were included in this study. UAE was assessed using the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). A community periodontal index greater than or equal to code 3 was used to define periodontitis.The risk of periodontitis tended to increase as UACR increased even after adjustment for potential confounders (P for trend in the odds ratios = 0.05 in model 1; 0.02 in model 2; and 0.01 in model 3). In a subgroup analysis, the prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in the patients with albuminuria (UACR >30 mg/g) than in those without albuminuria among patients younger than 65 years (P = 0.03), those with newly diagnosed diabetes (P = 0.04), or those without obesity (P = .04).UAE was positively associated with the risk of periodontitis in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes. In the patients who were younger, were newly diagnosed with diabetes, or had normal body mass index, individuals with albuminuria were more likely to have a higher prevalence of periodontitis. Early identification of periodontitis may be helpful in Korean diabetic adults with increased UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungdo Han
- From the Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea (KH, YGP), Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University (GEN, DHK, KHC), Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea (J-BP, YK); and Department of Family Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (YKR)
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Tawfig A. Effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum lipids and C-reactive protein among hyperlipidemic patients with chronic periodontitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:S49-56. [PMID: 25984468 PMCID: PMC4428020 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.156524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 hyperlipidemic patients with chronic periodontitis in the age group of 30–70 years, undergoing treatment in Ahmed Gasim Cardiac and Renal transplant Centre in north Sudan were recruited for the study. Patients were randomly assigned to the study and control groups. The study group received non-surgical periodontal therapy – oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planing. The control group participants received only oral hygiene instructions. Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG)], C-reactive protein (CRP), and periodontal parameters [Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), and attachment loss (ATL)] were measured and compared at baseline and after 3 months of the respective intervention. Between-groups analysis was done using independent “t” test and within-group analysis was done using dependent “t” test. Results: At baseline, groups were comparable based on lipid profile and periodontal parameters. After 3 months, the control group showed significant decrease in the PI and GI scores while there was no significant change in the other parameters. However, the study group showed significant decrease in the LDL and CRP levels along with a significant decrease in PD, ATL, PI, and GI scores, compared to the baseline values. Conclusion: Local non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in improved periodontal health, with significant decrease in the LDL and CRP levels in hyperlipidemic patients with chronic periodontitis. Hence, local non-surgical periodontal therapy may be considered as an adjunct in the control of hyperlipidemia, along with standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfig
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Choi HM, Han K, Park YG, Park JB. Associations Among Oral Hygiene Behavior and Hypertension Prevalence and Control: The 2008 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2015; 86:866-73. [PMID: 25741579 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a positive association has been reported between hypertension and periodontitis. The authors hypothesized that oral hygiene promotion activities could have an effect on hypertension prevention or the degree of hypertension control. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between oral hygiene behaviors and hypertension using data from a nationally representative survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS Using data from the KNHANES (2008 to 2010), 19,560 adults with complete data sets were included. The authors analyzed the relationship of the prevalence and control rate of hypertension and numerous variables, including oral hygiene behavior. RESULTS As the frequency of toothbrushing increased, the prevalence of hypertension decreased in multivariate analysis after adjusting for various factors, including the presence of periodontitis. In a subgroup analysis, this relationship was also observed in individuals without periodontitis. In particular, systolic blood pressure levels progressively decreased as the frequency of toothbrushing and the number of secondary oral products used increased. The adjusted odds ratio of hypertension prevalence was 1.195 (95% confidence interval 1.033 to 1.383) for individuals who brushed their teeth hardly ever or once daily compared with those who brushed after every meal. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with poor oral hygiene behavior are more likely to have a higher prevalence of hypertension, even before periodontitis is shown. Oral hygiene behavior may be considered an independent risk indicator for hypertension, and maintaining good oral hygiene may help to prevent and control hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Borilova Linhartova P, Bartova J, Poskerova H, Machal J, Vokurka J, Fassmann A, Izakovicova Holla L. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms in relation to chronic periodontitis, periodontopathic bacteria, and lipid levels. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park JB, Han K, Park YG, Ko Y. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Periodontal Disease: The 2008 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1521-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Magán-Fernández A, Papay-Ramírez L, Tomás J, Marfil-Álvarez R, Rizzo M, Bravo M, Mesa F. Association of Simvastatin and Hyperlipidemia With Periodontal Status and Bone Metabolism Markers. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1408-15. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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