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Li X, Zhao Z, Guo S, Yang C, Gao Y, Li L, Ning K, Zhang Q, Zhou N, Zhang H, Li Y. Effects of toothpaste containing inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and dental plaque microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106701. [PMID: 38754566 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Plaque-induced gingivitis is an inflammatory response in gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation at the gingival margin. Postbiotics can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and optimise the state of microbiota in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the effect of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and the dental plaque microbiota. A total of 32 healthy gingival participants (Group N, using blank toothpaste for 3 months) and 60 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis (30 in Group F, using inactivated Probio-01 toothpaste for 3 months, and 30 in Group B, using blank toothpaste for 3 months, respectively) were recruited. Clinical indices, which included bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were used to assess the severity of gingivitis. Furthermore, 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing was used to explore changes in the gingival state and dental plaque microbiota in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The results showed that inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced clinical indices of gingivitis, including BOP, GI, and PI, in participants with plaque-induced gingivitis and effectively relieved gingival inflammation, compared with that observed in the control group (group B). Inactivated Probio-01 did not significantly influence the diversity of dental plaque microbiota, but increased the relative abundance of dental plaque core bacteria, such as Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium (P < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between the indices and abundance of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, the inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced the clinical indices of gingivitis and effectively improved gingival inflammation in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The activity of inactivated Probio-01 against plaque-induced gingivitis was possibly mediated by its ability to regulate the dental plaque microbiota, as indicated by the close correlation between the plaque microbiota and clinical indices of gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Second Clinical Division, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chengcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Health Products Technical Research & Development Center, Yunnanbaiyao Group Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Lixian Li
- Department of Health Products Technical Research & Development Center, Yunnanbaiyao Group Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Kegong Ning
- Department of Health Products Technical Research & Development Center, Yunnanbaiyao Group Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Health Products Technical Research & Development Center, Yunnanbaiyao Group Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Ni Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Second Clinical Division, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Second Clinical Division, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China.
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Nie M, Huang P, Peng P, Shen D, Zhao L, Jiang D, Shen Y, Wei L, Bible PW, Yang J, Wang J, Wu Y. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and microbial composition in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2024; 95:535-549. [PMID: 38501762 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical parameters and microbial composition in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients. METHODS Seventeen patients were included in this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥5 mm in combination with bleeding on probing in different quadrants were randomized into the control group, the group with a single PDT application right after SRP, and the group with three repeated PDT applications 1 week after SRP. The subgingival plaque was collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline, Week 2, and Week 8. RESULTS Seventeen patients with 60 sites completed this 8-week follow-up, and 157 subgingival plaques were successfully analyzed by sequencing. Significant improvements were observed in two primary outcomes: PPD at Week 8 and subgingival microbial composition. Compared to the control group, the repeated-PDT group showed a notable improvement in PPD, substantial alterations in the microbial profile, including a reduction in α-diversity and anaerobic bacteria, and an increase in aerobic bacteria at Week 2. Secondary outcomes, such as clinical attachment level and sulcus bleeding index, also showed improvement at Week 8. Furthermore, both the single- and repeated-PDT groups exhibited a decrease in periodontopathogens and an increase in beneficial bacteria compared with baseline. CONCLUSION PDT promotes changes in the microbial composition of periodontitis patients' subgingival plaque in a direction favorable to periodontal health, and repeated PDT is a promising adjunctive therapy for periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peien Huang
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daonan Shen
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Duan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul W Bible
- College of Arts and Sciences of Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jingmei Yang
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dai X, Liang R, Dai M, Li X, Zhao W. Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1. [PMID: 38795302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important public health challenge with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for AD progression, and its specific mechanism is often interpreted from a toxicological perspective. However, microbial infections also contribute to AD, with oral microbiota playing a crucial role in its progression. Notably, smoking alters the ecological structure and pathogenicity of the oral microbiota. Currently, there is no systematic review or summary of the relationship between these three factors; thus, understanding this association can help in the development of new treatments. This review summarizes the connections between smoking, AD, and oral microbiota from existing research. It also explores how smoking affects the occurrence and development of AD through oral microbiota, and examines treatments for oral microbiota that delay the progression of AD. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the potential of the oral microbiota to act as a biomarker for AD. Finally, it considers the feasibility of probiotics and oral antibacterial therapy to expand treatment methods for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqiong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lundtorp-Olsen C, Markvart M, Twetman S, Belstrøm D. Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota-A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:419. [PMID: 38787271 PMCID: PMC11124442 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics positively impact clinical parameters of oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. However, the working mechanism of probiotics is not fully understood, but is hypothesized to be mediated by direct and indirect interactions with the oral microbiota and the human host. In the present narrative review, we focused on the microbiological effect of probiotic supplements based on data retrieved from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In addition, we assessed to what extent contemporary molecular methods have been employed in clinical trials in the field of oral probiotics. Multiple RCTs have been performed studying the potential effect of probiotics on gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, as evaluated by microbial endpoints. In general, results are conflicting, with some studies reporting a positive effect, whereas others are not able to record any effect. Major differences in terms of study designs and sample size, as well as delivery route, frequency, and duration of probiotic consumption, hamper comparison across studies. In addition, most RCTs have been performed with a limited sample size using relatively simple methods for microbial identification, such as culturing, qPCR, and DNA-DNA checkerboard, while high-throughput methods such as 16S sequencing have only been employed in a few studies. Currently, state-of-the-art molecular methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics have not yet been used in RCTs in the field of probiotics. The present narrative review revealed that the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota remains largely uncovered. One important reason is that most RCTs are performed without studying the microbiological effect. To facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, an internationally agreed core outcome set for the reporting of microbial endpoints in clinical trials would be desirable. Such a standardized collection of outcomes would most likely improve the quality of probiotic research in the oral context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (M.M.); (S.T.)
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Wuttke B, Ekat K, Chabanovska O, Jackszis M, Springer A, Vasudevan P, Kreikemeyer B, Lang H. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Lactococcus lactis-Loaded Alginate Particles as a Promising Delivery Tool for Periodontal Probiotic Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:129. [PMID: 38786639 PMCID: PMC11121860 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in a strongly reduced therapeutic effect. In this pilot in vitro study, we present biodegradable alginate-based particles as an alternative, highly efficient system for a periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria to the inflammation site. For this purpose, Lactococcus (L.) lactis was encapsulated using a standardized pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method. Time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva was investigated over 9 days. The effect of freeze drying was explored to ensure long-term storage of L. lactis-loaded particles. Additionally, the particles were bound to dentin surface using approved bioadhesives and subjected to shear stress in a hydrodynamic flow chamber that mimics the oral cavity in vitro. Thus, round particles within the range of 0.80-1.75 mm in radius could be produced, whereby the diameter of the dripping tip had the most significant impact on the size. Although both small and large particles demonstrated a similar release trend of L. lactis, the release rate was significantly higher in the former. Following lyophilization, particles could restore their original shape within 4 h in artificial saliva; thereby, the bacterial viability was not affected. The attachment strength to dentin intensified by an adhesive could resist forces between 10 and 25 N/m2. Full degradation of the particles was observed after 20 days in artificial saliva. Therefore, alginate particles display a valuable probiotic carrier for periodontal applications that have several crucial advantages over existing preparations: a highly stable form, prolonged continuous release of therapeutic bacteria, precise manufacturing according to required dimensions at the application site, strong attachment to the tooth with low risk of dislocation, high biocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wuttke
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Ekat
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mario Jackszis
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Lucateli RL, Silva PHF, Salvador SL, Ervolino E, Furlaneto FAC, Marciano MA, Antunes TBM, Del Arco MCG, Tardelli MDC, de Sousa LG, Messora MR. Probiotics enhance alveolar bone microarchitecture, intestinal morphology and estradiol levels in osteoporotic animals. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38699835 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is associated with bone microarchitecture alterations, and the depletion of estrogen during menopause is a major contributing factor to its development. The literature highlights the noteworthy role of gut microbiota in bone metabolism, particularly in the progression of osteoporosis. Periodontal disease leads to alveolar bone loss, which may be influenced by estrogen deficiency, and this mechanism is intricately associated with an imbalance in systemic microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) and Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 (L. casei 01) administrations on an osteoporosis animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C-OVX), C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01. All animals were ovariectomized. In groups C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01, the probiotics were administered for 4 months. All animals were euthanized after 16 weeks from ovariectomy. Microtomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted on periodontal tissues, whereas histomorphometry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on the intestine. The levels of estradiol were assessed in blood using an immunoenzymatic assay. The data were subjected to statistical analyses (p < .05). RESULTS The C-OVX-LC01 group exhibited a significant reduction in alveolar bone porosity and an increase in connective tissue density compared to C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 groups presented reduced expression of TRAP and RANKL compared to the C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX group presented villi defects, mild neutrophil infiltration, decrease in both villous height and intestinal crypts and reduced expression of intestinal junctional epithelium markers e-cadherin and claudin 01 compared to C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05). The C-OVX group had lower estradiol levels than C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05). CONCLUSION The probiotic therapy promoted a reduction in alveolar bone destruction and intestinal permeability as well as an increase in estradiol levels in ovariectomized rats. Specifically, the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 exhibited greater effectiveness compared to Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, indicating strain-dependent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Lucateli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Ervolino
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba, UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B M Antunes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Del Arco
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D C Tardelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology, and Physiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Parreira GJG, de Araújo Nobre MA, Moreira AGCR, Luís HPS. Limosilactobacillus reuteri as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Peri-implant Mucositis in Total Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Study. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:610-618. [PMID: 38555646 PMCID: PMC11132781 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanical debridement is the traditional method for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (P-im) and its success depends on the patient's correct oral hygiene. It is believed that probiotics may help by their ability to modulate the oral biofilm, resulting in anti-inflammatory and antibacterial plaque action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant effect of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) in the mechanical treatment of P-im. MATERIALS AND METHODS This exploratory study included 29 subjects with implant-supported total rehabilitation and P-im, divided into test (TG) and control (CG) groups, equally subjected to professional mechanical debridement, with the administration of a daily GUM PerioBalance lozenge for 30 days added to the TG. The modified Plaque Index (mPlI) modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mBI) and pocket depth (PD) were evaluated before the intervention (baseline) and 6 and 10 weeks later. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Parametric and nonparametric tests with 5% significance level were used in the statistical analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 software. RESULTS Both treatments resulted in reduced mPlI, mBI, and PD at 6 weeks; while from 6 to 10 weeks there was an increase in mPlI and mBI and maintenance of PD. Compared with baseline, differences were close to statistical significance in the reduction in PD at 10 weeks in the CG (p = 0.018), after Bonferroni correction, and statistically significant in the mPlI at 6 weeks in the CG (p = 0.004) and in the TG (p = 0.002) as well as at 10 weeks in the TG (p = 0.016). Comparing the groups in the postintervention assessments, no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION LR adjuvant mechanical treatment of P-im does not show a clear benefit compared with mechanical treatment alone, with both interventions achieving similar clinical results. Further prospective and long-term studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo J G Parreira
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Lisboa, Portugal
- Oral Hygiene Department, Maló Clinic, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Rede de Higienistas Orais para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência (RHODes), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel A de Araújo Nobre
- Oral Hygiene Department, Maló Clinic, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research and Development Department, Maló Clinic, Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André G C R Moreira
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique P S Luís
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Rede de Higienistas Orais para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência (RHODes), Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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Van Holm W, Zayed N, Lauwens K, Saghi M, Axelsson J, Aktan MK, Braem A, Simoens K, Vanbrabant L, Proost P, Van Holm B, Maes P, Boon N, Bernaerts K, Teughels W. Oral Biofilm Composition, Dissemination to Keratinocytes, and Inflammatory Attenuation Depend on Probiotic and Synbiotic Strain Specificity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z. [PMID: 38619794 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Several inflammatory diseases are characterized by a disruption in the equilibrium between the host and its microbiome. Due to the increase in resistance, the use of antibiotics for the widespread, nonspecific killing of microorganisms is at risk. Pro-microbial approaches focused on stimulating or introducing beneficial species antagonistic toward pathobionts may be a viable alternative for restoring the host-microbiome equilibrium. Unfortunately, not all potential probiotic or synbiotic species and even subspecies (to strain level) are equally effective for the designated pathology, leading to conflicting accounts of their efficacy. To assess the extent of these species- and strain-specific effects, 13 probiotic candidates were evaluated for their probiotic and synbiotic potential with glycerol on in vitro oral biofilms, dissemination from biofilms to keratinocytes, and anti-inflammatory activity. Species- and strain-specific effects and efficacies were observed in how they functioned as probiotics or synbiotics by influencing oral pathobionts and commensals within biofilms and affected the dissemination of pathobionts to keratinocytes, ranging from ineffective strains to strains that reduced pathobionts by 3 + log. In addition, a minority of the candidates exhibited the ability to mitigate the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated monocytes. For a comprehensive assessment of probiotic therapy for oral health, a judicious selection of fully characterized probiotic strains that are specifically tailored to the designated pathology is required. This approach aims to challenge the prevailing perception of probiotics, shifting the focus away from "form over function." Rather than using unproven, hypothetical probiotic strains from known genera or species, one should choose strains that are actually functional in resolving the desired pathology before labelling them probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naiera Zayed
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Katalina Lauwens
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehraveh Saghi
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Simoens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Holm
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Ghent University (UGent), Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Radu CM, Radu CC, Arbănaşi EM, Hogea T, Murvai VR, Chiș IA, Zaha DC. Exploring the Efficacy of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:468. [PMID: 38672739 PMCID: PMC11050937 DOI: 10.3390/life14040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a prevalent oral condition, is facing difficulties in therapeutic approaches, sometimes leading to failure. This literature review was conducted to investigate the diversity of other therapeutic approaches and their potential contributions to the successful management of the disease. This research scrutinized the alterations in microbial diversity and imbalances in crucial microbial species, which contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, we highlight the importance of understanding the treatment plan's role in periodontitis disease, opening the way for further research and innovative treatment plans to mitigate the impact of periodontitis on oral health. This will aid both healthcare professionals and patients in preventing and effectively treating periodontitis, ultimately improving oral health outcomes and overall systemic health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra-Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil-Marian Arbănaşi
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Viorela Romina Murvai
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Chiș
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Takallu S, Mirzaei E, Zakeri Bazmandeh A, Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo HR, Khorshidi H. Addressing Antimicrobial Properties in Guided Tissue/Bone Regeneration Membrane: Enhancing Effectiveness in Periodontitis Treatment. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:779-807. [PMID: 38300991 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are the two surgical techniques generally used for periodontitis disease treatment. These techniques are based on a barrier membrane to direct the growth of new bone and gingival tissue at sites with insufficient volumes or dimensions of bone or gingiva for proper function, esthetics, or prosthetic restoration. Numerous studies have highlighted biocompatibility, space-creation, cell-blocking, bioactivity, and proper handling as essential characteristics of a membrane's performance. Given that bacterial infection is the primary cause of periodontitis, we strongly believe that addressing the antimicrobial properties of these membranes is of utmost importance. Indeed, the absence of effective inhibition of periodontal pathogens has been recognized as a primary factor contributing to the failure of GTR/GBR membranes. Therefore, we suggest considering antimicrobial properties as one of the key factors in the design of GTR/GBR membranes. Antibiotics are potent medications frequently administered systemically to combat microbes and mitigate bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in a surge in bacterial resistance. To overcome this challenge, alternative antibacterial substances have been developed. In this review, we explore the utilization of alternative substances with antimicrobial properties for topical application in membranes. The use of antibacterial nanoparticles, phytochemical compounds, and antimicrobial peptides in this context was investigated. By carefully selecting and integrating antimicrobial agents into GTR/GBR membranes, we can significantly enhance their effectiveness in combating periodontitis. These antibacterial substances not only act as barriers against pathogenic bacteria but also promote the process of periodontal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Takallu
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Abbas Zakeri Bazmandeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Student Research Center committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7195615878, Iran
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Blanch-Asensio M, Tadimarri VS, Wilk A, Sankaran S. Discovery of a high-performance phage-derived promoter/repressor system for probiotic lactobacillus engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:42. [PMID: 38326819 PMCID: PMC10848424 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lactobacillaceae family comprises many species of great importance for the food and healthcare industries, with numerous strains identified as beneficial for humans and used as probiotics. Hence, there is a growing interest in engineering these probiotic bacteria as live biotherapeutics for animals and humans. However, the genetic parts needed to regulate gene expression in these bacteria remain limited compared to model bacteria like E. coli or B. subtilis. To address this deficit, in this study, we selected and tested several bacteriophage-derived genetic parts with the potential to regulate transcription in lactobacilli. RESULTS We screened genetic parts from 6 different lactobacilli-infecting phages and identified one promoter/repressor system with unprecedented functionality in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. The phage-derived promoter was found to achieve expression levels nearly 9-fold higher than the previously reported strongest promoter in this strain and the repressor was able to almost completely repress this expression by reducing it nearly 500-fold. CONCLUSIONS The new parts and insights gained from their engineering will enhance the genetic programmability of lactobacilli for healthcare and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Blanch-Asensio
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Varun Sai Tadimarri
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alina Wilk
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Shrikrishnan Sankaran
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Yu X, Devine D, Vernon J. Manipulating the diseased oral microbiome: the power of probiotics and prebiotics. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2307416. [PMID: 38304119 PMCID: PMC10833113 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2307416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are amongst the most prevalent global disorders. Their aetiology is rooted in microbial activity within the oral cavity, through the generation of detrimental metabolites and the instigation of potentially adverse host immune responses. Due to the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance, alternative approaches to readdress the balance are necessary. Advances in sequencing technologies have established relationships between disease and oral dysbiosis, and commercial enterprises seek to identify probiotic and prebiotic formulations to tackle preventable oral disorders through colonisation with, or promotion of, beneficial microbes. It is the metabolic characteristics and immunomodulatory capabilities of resident species which underlie health status. Research emphasis on the metabolic environment of the oral cavity has elucidated relationships between commensal and pathogenic organisms, for example, the sequential metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates deemed central to acid production in cariogenicity. Therefore, a focus on the preservation of an ecological homeostasis in the oral environment may be the most appropriate approach to health conservation. In this review we discuss an ecological approach to the maintenance of a healthy oral environment and debate the potential use of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, specifically targeted at sustaining oral niches to preserve the delicately balanced microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Yu
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D.A. Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J.J. Vernon
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, Lisa EL. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12:234. [PMID: 38399637 PMCID: PMC10891645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults). Ever since the early 2000s, probiotic-based fermented foods have had a resurgence in popularity, mostly due to claims made regarding their health benefits. Fermented foods have been associated with the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, gastroenteritis, and obesity, but also other conditions such as chronic diarrhea, allergies, dermatitis, and bacterial and viral infections, all of which are closely related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome/microbiota science have given us new research directions for probiotics. The new types, mechanisms, and applications studied so far, and those currently under study, have a great potential to change scientific understanding of probiotics' nutritional applications and human health care. The expansion of fields related to the study of the microbiome and the involvement of probiotics in its improvement foreshadow an era of significant changes. An expanding range of candidate probiotic species is emerging that can address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches and host targets. In the probiotic field, new variants of microbiome-modulating interventions are being developed, including prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, microbial consortia, live biotherapeutic products, and genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibers, and fermented foods to ensure human health. This manuscript aims to analyze recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotics (sources, doses, mechanism of action, diseases for which probiotics are administered, side effects, and risks) and create a vision for the development of related areas of influence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Clinic Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital “Sf. Ioan”, 800487 Galati, Romania
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Cosmin Raducu Raileanu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Alexia Anastasia Balta
- Medical Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Lenuta Ambrose
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Monica Boev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Denisa Batîr Marin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Lacramioara Lisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
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Jardini MAN, Pedroso JF, Ferreira CL, Nunes CMM, Reichert CO, Aldin MN, Figueiredo Neto AM, Levy D, Damasceno NRT. Effect of adjuvant probiotic therapy (Lactobacillus reuteri) in the treatment of periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus: clinical, controlled, and randomized study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:80. [PMID: 38183505 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subgingival instrumentation (SI) with probiotics may be a proposal for the treatment of periodontitis (P), for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of P associated with T2DM was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty diabetic participants diagnosed with P (stage III and IV, grade B) were randomized into SI + Placebo (n = 20): subgingival instrumentation plus placebo lozenges and SI + Probi (n = 20): subgingival instrumentation plus probiotics. Probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and PISA index were performed at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days. Cytokine concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival biofilm sample, and LDL and HDL subfractions were evaluated. RESULTS In the deep pockets, PD in SI + Probi showed increased values (p = 0.02) compared to SI + Placebo at 90 days. For CAL, SI + Probi showed increased values compared to SI + Placebo, with a significant difference at 30 days (p = 0.03), 90 days (p = 0.02), and 180 days (p = 0.04). At #PD ≥ 7 mm, SI + Probi had a more frequent number of sites (p = 0.03) compared to SI + Placebo only at baseline. For the PISA, SI + Probi showed a significant difference (p = 0.04) compared to SI + Placebo at 90 days. For cytokines, SI + Probi showed higher quantification than SI + Placebo for IL-10 (p < 0.001) at 90 days, IL-12 (p = 0.010) at 90 days, IL-1β (p = 0.035) at 90 days, and IL-8 (p = 0.003) at baseline. SI + Placebo showed higher quantification of IL-1β (p = 0.041) compared to SI + Probi only at 30 days. There was a reduction in all microbial complexes. SI + Probi improved LDL size (246.7 nm vs 260.4 nm; p < 0.001), while large HDL subfractions were reduced aft 180 days of treatment (24.0% vs 20.3%; p = 0.022) when compared with SI + Placebo; this response was dependent of probiotics (1.0 mg/dL vs - 6.2 mg/dL; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Subgingival instrumentation improved the clinical periodontal parameters in patients with T2DM. The use of L. reuteri probiotics had no additional effects compared with the placebo; however, there was a positive effect on the lipoprotein subfraction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scientific rationale for study: subgingival instrumentation with probiotics may be a proposal for the treatment of periodontitis (P), especially for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS the use of L. reuteri probiotics had no additional effects compared with the placebo; however, there was a positive effect on the lipoprotein subfraction. Practical implications: L. reuteri as an adjunct to subgingival instrumentation may have significant therapeutic implications in dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Neves Jardini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Fatima Pedroso
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Magnoni Moretto Nunes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José Dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team-LIM-19, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlene Nunez Aldin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team-LIM-19, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Ghaffarpour M, Karami‐Zarandi M, Rahdar HA, Feyisa SG, Taki E. Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non-surgical therapeutic approaches. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25002. [PMID: 38254289 PMCID: PMC10829694 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs. AIM The aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non-surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non-surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS. RESULTS Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION So, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non-surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Ghaffarpour
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Karami‐Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIranshahr University of Medical SciencesIranshahrIran
| | - Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
- Department of Medical LaboratorySalale University College of Health SciencesFicheEthiopia
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Poulose M, Gujar D, Panicker S, Rokade S, Guruprasad M, Gopalakrishnan D. Efficacy and Viability of Subgingival Application of Probiotics as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis. Indian J Dent Res 2024; 35:59-64. [PMID: 38934751 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_533_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the efficacy of subgingivally applied probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) vs SRP alone in patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with periodontitis, with probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5-7 mm on at least two teeth on contralateral sites, were selected for the study and randomly allocated to the test group (n = 31) who underwent SRP along with subgingival application of probiotic paste and the control group (n = 31) who underwent only SRP. Clinical parameters were evaluated in both groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. The viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated in the test group at baseline, day 4 and day 8. RESULTS All clinical parameters showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and 12 weeks on intragroup and intergroup comparison, with a greater improvement in the test group. Microbiological evaluation showed that the mean colony-forming units (CFUs) in the test group were 38.39 ± 7.76, 7.25 ± 2.72 and 1.57 ± 1.29 at baseline, day 4 and day 8, respectively. The mean CFUs significantly reduced with an increase in time from baseline to 8-day time interval. CONCLUSION It was seen that the probiotic bacteria remained viable in the periodontal pocket for up to 8 days after placement, but stable improvements were seen in all clinical parameters even at 12 weeks, indicating its prolonged efficacy. Thus, commercially available probiotics can prove to be an inexpensive method to treat periodontitis when combined with SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Poulose
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dnyaneshwari Gujar
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suneeta Panicker
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts Commerce and Science College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreya Rokade
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghana Guruprasad
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmarajan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Ausenda F, Barbera E, Cotti E, Romeo E, Natto ZS, Valente NA. Clinical, microbiological and immunological short, medium and long-term effects of different strains of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. Systematic review with meta-analysis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:62-103. [PMID: 36915665 PMCID: PMC10006838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction/objectives Probiotics have been proposed as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), however, the effect of their use remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the evidence regarding the use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients with periodontitis at a clinical, microbiological and immunological level. Data/sources A comprehensive search to identify clinical studies investigating the use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients treated for periodontitis was performed. The data were grouped according to probiotic strain, frequency, form and duration of the probiotic intake. Study selection A total of 25 articles were included, all articles analysed clinical parameters, 10 included also microbiological findings and only 4 had immunological findings. The difference in probing depth (PD) between the test and the control group was statistically significant in favour of the test group when the probiotics were in the form of lozenges, administered twice a day and when the strain was L. reuteri. In terms of Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) gain the difference was statistically significant in the short and in the medium term but not in the long term. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, it was not possible to compare trough a meta analysis the immunological and the microbiological findings that were therefore analysed only descriptively. Conclusions The use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients with periodontitis appears to provide additional clinical benefits that depend on the duration, the frequency, the form and the strain of probiotic used. Clinical significance This review not only shows data on the efficacy of probiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy, but provides important information on their effects over time and which forms of probiotic administration might be most clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ausenda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department fo Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Barbera
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cotti
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Romeo
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Alberto Valente
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence to: Cittadella Universitaria snc, Blocco I, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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18
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Nie Q, Wan X, Tao H, Yang Q, Zhao X, Liu H, Hu J, Luo Y, Shu T, Geng R, Gu Z, Fan F, Liu Z. Multi-function screening of probiotics to improve oral health and evaluating their efficacy in a rat periodontitis model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1261189. [PMID: 38029238 PMCID: PMC10660970 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1261189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the second most microbially rich region of the human body, and many studies have shown that there is a strong association between microorganisms and oral health. Some pathogenic bacteria produce biofilms and harmful metabolites in the mouth that may cause oral problems such as oral malodor, periodontitis, and dental caries. Altering the oral microbiota by using probiotics may alleviate oral health problems. Thus, using multi-function screening, we aimed to identify probiotics that can significantly improve oral health. The main parameters were the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth, inhibition of biofilm formation, reduction in the production of indole, H2S, and NH3 metabolites that cause halitosis, increase in the production of H2O2 to combat harmful bacteria, and co-aggregation with pathogens to prevent their adhesion and colonization in the oral cavity. Tolerance to cholic acid and choline was also assessed. Bifidobacterium animalis ZK-77, Lactobacillus salivarius ZK-88, and Streptococcus salivarius ZK-102 had antibacterial activity and inhibited biofilm production to prevent caries. They also improved the oral malodor parameter, H2S, NH3, and indole production. The selected probiotics (especially L. salivarius ZK-88) alleviated the inflammation in the oral cavity of rats with periodontitis. The analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid microbiome after probiotic intervention showed that B. animalis ZK-77 likely helped to restore the oral microbiota and maintain the oral microecology. Next, we determined the best prebiotics for each candidate probiotic in order to obtain a formulation with improved effects. We then verified that a probiotics/prebiotic combination (B. animalis ZK-77, L. salivarius ZK-88, and fructooligosaccharides) significantly improved halitosis and teeth color in cats. Using whole-genome sequencing and acute toxicity mouse experiments involving the two probiotics, we found that neither probiotic had virulence genes and they had no significant effects on the growth or development of mice, indicating their safety. Taking the results together, B. animalis ZK-77 and L. salivarius ZK-88 can improve oral health, as verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. This study provides a reference for clinical research and also provides new evidence for the oral health benefits of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Nie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuchun Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Geng
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Gu
- Huayuan Biotechnology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengkai Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wei X, Qian S, Yang Y, Mo J. Microbiome-based therapies for periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37890080 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are oral infectious-inflammatory diseases associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. Microbiome-based therapies, characterized by manipulation of the microbiota, are emerging as promising therapeutic approaches to resolve the microbial dysbiosis and associated dysregulation of immune system. This review aims at summarizing recent progress on microbiome-based therapies in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, promoting a further understanding of the related therapeutic mechanisms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Pertinent literatures focused on microbiome-based therapies for periodontitis and peri-implantitis are obtained from PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS In this article, we review the roles and therapeutic mechanisms of four microbiome-based therapies, including probiotics, postbiotics, predatory bacteria and phages, and microbiota transplantation, in the management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Challenges facing this field are also discussed, highlighting the areas that require more attention and investigation. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome-based therapies may serve as effective treatment for periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This review presents a new viewpoint to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujiao Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaji Mo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Etebarian A, Sheshpari T, Kabir K, Sadeghi H, Moradi A, Hafedi A. Oral Lactobacillus species and their probiotic capabilities in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:746-756. [PMID: 37078410 PMCID: PMC10582226 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and fifty-four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro. RESULTS 67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSION L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Etebarian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of DentistryAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Tahere Sheshpari
- Microbiology Department, School of MedicineAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Community Medicine Department, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Hanieh Sadeghi
- Student Research CommitteeAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Abouzar Moradi
- Periodontology Department, School of DentistryAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Avin Hafedi
- Student Research CommitteeAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
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Moreira ALG, Silva GA, Silva PHF, Salvador SL, Vicente RM, Ferreira GC, Tanus-Santos JE, Mayer MPA, Ishikawa KH, de Souza SLS, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR. Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis in rats modulating intestinal parameters, expression of lipogenic genes, and levels of hepatic steatosis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1006-1019. [PMID: 37482954 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats modulating systemic parameters. BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy (PROB) in the prevention of local and systemic damage resulting from EP. METHODS Forty-eight rats were allocated into four groups: C (control), PROB, EP, and EP-PROB. PROB (1 × 1010 CFU/mL) administration lasted 8 weeks and PE was induced on the 7th week by placing ligature on the animals' lower first molars. All animals were euthanized in the 9th week of the experiment. Biomolecular analyses, RT-PCR, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The data obtained were analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05). RESULTS The EP group had higher dyslipidemia when compared to the C group, as well as higher levels of insulin resistance, proteinuria levels, percentages of systolic blood pressure, percentage of fatty hepatocytes in the liver, and expression of adipokines was up-regulated (LEPR, NAMPT, and FABP4). All these parameters (except insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, LEPR and FABP4 gene expression) were reduced in the EP-PROB group when compared to the EP group. The EP group had lower villus height and crypt depth, as well as a greater reduction in Bacteroidetes and a greater increase in Firmicutes when compared to the EP-PROB group. Greater alveolar bone loss was observed in the EP group when compared to the EP-PROB group. CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of EP in rats modulating intestinal parameters, attenuating expression of lipogenic genes and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L G Moreira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle A Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Vicente
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO856. [PMID: 37621848 PMCID: PMC10445586 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim is to discuss the current knowledge of microbiome and periodontal diseases. Current treatment strategies include mechanical therapy such as root planing, scaling, deep pocket debridement and antimicrobial chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Among promising therapeutic strategies, dental probiotics and oral microbiome transplantation have gained attention, and may be used to treat bacterial imbalances by competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and adhesion surfaces, as well as probiotics targeting the gut microbiome. Development of strategies to prevent and treat periodontal diseases are warranted as both are highly prevalent and can affect human health. Further studies are necessary to better comprehend the microbiome in order to develop innovative preventative measures as well as efficacious therapies against periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anania Boghossian
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Ghazal M, Ahmed S, Farooqui WA, Khalid F, Riaz S, Akber A, Shabbir S, Khan FR, Sadiq A. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of antibiotics versus probiotics as an adjuvant to nonsurgical periodontal treatment among smokers with Stage III, Grade C generalized periodontitis. Clin Adv Periodontics 2023; 13:197-204. [PMID: 37327229 DOI: 10.1002/cap.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are viable microorganisms, which if delivered in appropriate dose can provide health benefits. Lactobacillus reuteri (DM17938+ATCC PTA 5289) has been recommended as a safe choice for probiotics. The objective of this study is to compare the improvement in the periodontal parameters amongst smokers with generalized periodontitis with Stage III, Grade C treated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) to which either an antibiotics or probiotics were given as an adjuvant. METHODS Sixty smokers with Stage III, Grade C generalized periodontitis were randomized in two groups after taking informed consent. Periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Group 1 received (after NSPT and oral hygiene instructions) amoxicillin and metronidazole for 7 days and a placebo for probiotics for 30 days. Group 2 was provided (after NSPT and oral hygiene instructions) with one tablet of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics (2 × 108 CFU) twice daily for 30 days and placebo antibiotics for 7 days. The periodontal parameters were recorded again at 1- and 3-month follow-ups as outcome variables. Mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval were reported using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS A statistically significant clinical improvement in the PD, BOP, PI, and GI were observed in both the groups at 3-month follow-up. However, the AL remained unchanged in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of probiotics and antibiotics along with NSPT yield statistically significant differences in PD and BOP from baseline to 3-month follow-up. However, between the group differences were not statistically significant for the periodontal parameters (AL, PD, and BOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Ghazal
- Department of Periodontology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr. Ishratul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Fizza Khalid
- Department of Periodontology, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Periodontology, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ather Akber
- Department of Periodontology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaiya Shabbir
- Department of Periodontology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Raza Khan
- Department of Surgery, Section Dentistry, Aga Khan University & Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sadiq
- Department of Surgery, Section Dentistry, Aga Khan University & Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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24
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La Rosa GRM, Pedullà E. Effectiveness of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression: A scoping review and implications for research. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:528-536. [PMID: 36524834 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To synthesise the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression by a scoping review of animal and human studies. Reporting was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. The literature search and screening was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases by two independent reviewers selecting human and animal studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the severity of apical periodontitis. Two animal studies with 3 publications met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. The most common probiotics were Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus orally administered for gavage in Wistar rats with induced apical periodontitis. Overall, probiotics significantly reduced inflammation and bone resorption with an improvement in the apical periodontitis progression. Although results in animal studies are promising, the use of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression requires caution due to the insufficient available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Xu J, Chen C, Gan S, Liao Y, Fu R, Hou C, Yang S, Zheng Z, Chen W. The Potential Value of Probiotics after Dental Implant Placement. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1845. [PMID: 37513016 PMCID: PMC10383117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implantation is currently the optimal solution for tooth loss. However, the health and stability of dental implants have emerged as global public health concerns. Dental implant placement, healing of the surgical site, osseointegration, stability of bone tissues, and prevention of peri-implant diseases are challenges faced in achieving the long-term health and stability of implants. These have been ongoing concerns in the field of oral implantation. Probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms, play a significant role in the body by inhibiting pathogens, promoting bone tissue homeostasis, and facilitating tissue regeneration, modulating immune-inflammatory levels. This review explores the potential of probiotics in addressing post-implantation challenges. We summarize the existing research regarding the importance of probiotics in managing dental implant health and advocate for further research into their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yihan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Song B, Xian W, Sun Y, Gou L, Guo Q, Zhou X, Ren B, Cheng L. Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited the periodontitis caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37460552 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most important cause of tooth loss in adults and is closely related to various systemic diseases. Its etiologic factor is plaque biofilm, and the primary treatment modality is plaque control. Studies have confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum can cause periodontitis through its virulence factors and copolymerizing effects with other periodontal pathogens, such as the red complex. Inhibiting F. nucleatum is an essential target for preventing periodontitis. The time-consuming and costly traditional periodontal treatment, periodontal scaling, and root planing are a significant burden on individual and public health. Antibiotic use may lead to oral microbial resistance and microbiome imbalance, while probiotics regulate microbial balance. Akkermansia muciniphila is a critical probiotic isolated from the human intestine. It can protect the integrity of the epithelial barrier, regulate and maintain flora homeostasis, improve metabolism, and colonize the oral cavity. Its abundance is inversely correlated with various diseases. We hypothesized that A. muciniphila could inhibit the effects of F. nucleatum and alleviate periodontitis. Bacterial co-culture experiments showed that A. muciniphila could inhibit the expression of the virulence gene of F. nucleatum. After treating gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with F. nucleatum and A. muciniphila, transcriptome sequencing and ELISA experiments on medium supernatant showed that A. muciniphila inhibited the inflammatory effect of F. nucleatum on GECs by inhibiting TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway modulation and secretion of inflammatory factors. Finally, animal experiments demonstrated that A. muciniphila could inhibit F. nucleatum-induced periodontitis in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenpan Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichen Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Ochôa C, Castro F, Bulhosa JF, Manso C, Fernandes JCH, Fernandes GVO. Influence of the Probiotic L. reuteri on Periodontal Clinical Parameters after Nonsurgical Treatment: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1449. [PMID: 37374951 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the actual efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on the periodontal clinical parameters when used concomitantly to the nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Searches were conducted through PubMed Central, Online Knowledge Library, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane databases from 2012 to 2022. The focused question was "In patients with periodontitis, will the probiotic L. reuteri, when administrated as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment, compared to the nonsurgical periodontal treatment alone, result in better clinical outcomes?" The following information was extracted from the articles: author and year of publication, type of study, follow-up, sample size and number of defects, and clinical characteristics and details. All included studies were qualitatively assessed using the Critical Appraisal tools according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Twenty-four articles were full-text reading, but only 9 articles were included. The number of patients enrolled was 287, aged between 18 and 56 years. All periodontal parameters were evaluated. The "follow-up" varied (14, 40, 84, 90, 180, and 360 days). Most articles supported the clinical benefits of L. reuteri as an adjunct to SRP compared to SRP alone. A common finding at the beginning period was thatno statistically different results were observed between the test and control groups; otherwise, at the last period, a significant improvement was found in favor of the probiotic use (p = 0.001) for all the clinical parameters. The use of L. reuteri as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment may result in significantly better clinical outcomes than nonsurgical periodontal treatment alone; but the conclusion must be carefully interpreted because of the heterogeneity found among the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Ochôa
- FP-I3ID, FCS, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Castro
- FP-I3ID, FCS, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Conceição Manso
- FP-I3ID, FCS, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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Patil AV, Shetty SS, Padhye AM. Comparative Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Halitosis-Causing Bacteria: An Invitro Microbiological Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38568. [PMID: 37288191 PMCID: PMC10241658 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in inhibiting halitosis-causing bacteria relative to other possible inhibitors, such as mouthwashes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro study was done using a diffusion test with three groups with 11 samples in each group: group A, Porphyromonas gingivalis; group B, Tannerella forsythia; and group C, Prevotella intermedia. At 24, 48, and 72 hours, the inhibitory effect of L. rhamnosus was tested. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was seen for halo formation in group A, where all 11 samples showed an inhibitory effect after 72 hours. After 48 hours, seven of the 11 samples in group B and nine of the 11 samples in group C showed inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION The study found that L. rhamnosus had an inhibitory effect on halitosis-causing bacteria like P. gingivalis after 72 hours, which was statistically significant. The same was true for T. forsythia and P. intermedia after 48 hours. This means that L. rhamnosus has an inhibitory effect on halitosis-causing bacteria like P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya V Patil
- Department of Periodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sarika S Shetty
- Department of Periodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Ashvini M Padhye
- Department of Periodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
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Li J, Zhao G, Zhang HM, Zhu FF. Probiotic adjuvant treatment in combination with scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:95-108. [PMID: 36856123 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on treating chronic periodontal (CP) disease based on clinical and microbiological findings. Four databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases. The references to relevant studies were also manually searched. Analyses were conducted using the Review Manager 5.2 software, while the quality of randomised controlled trials was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. In total, 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results revealed that the adjuvant use of probiotics in the treatment of patients with periodontal disease was largely associated with good clinical efficacy. Resulting in statistically significant improvements in plaque index (P<0.05), periodontal probing depth (P<0.05), clinical attachment level (P<0.05), gingival index (P<0.05), bleeding on probing (P<0.05), deep probing depth (P<0.05), and levels of subgingival microbes (P<0.05) following probiotic supplementation. In summary, the results of this meta-analysis suggest that the administration of probiotics together with scaling and root planing can somewhat improve CP patient clinical outcomes and reduce levels of periodontal pathogens. However, more comprehensive experiments are needed to standardise probiotics and maximise their adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City 154000, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
- Jiamusi University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi City 154004, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
| | - G Zhao
- Jiamusi University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi City 154004, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
| | - H M Zhang
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City 154000, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
| | - F F Zhu
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City 154000, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
- Jiamusi University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi City 154004, Heilongjiang Province, China P.R
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Zhou K, Xie J, Su Y, Fang J. Lactobacillus reuteri for chronic periodontitis: focus on underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-28. [PMID: 36856460 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a common oral disorder caused by pathogenic bacteria. Despite the wide use of antibiotics as the conventional adjunctive treatment, the challenges of increased antibiotic resistance and limited therapeutic effect receive considerable attention and the developments of alternative treatments gain increasing consideration. Growing evidence showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) may represent a promising alternative adjunct for chronic periodontitis. It can attenuate inflammation and reduce tissue disruption. LR-assisted treatment has been shown to be effective and relatively safe in multiple clinical trials, and accumulating evidence suggests its significant biological roles. In the current review, we focus on capturing the underlying mechanisms of LR involved in chronic periodontitis, thereby representing a scientific foundation for LR-assisted therapy. Furthermore, we point out the challenges and future directions for further clinical trials to improve the clinical applicability for LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaman Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingxian Fang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1965-1972. [PMID: 36697840 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study registered with NCT05408364 under clinical trial registration. Thirty periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups at random. As adjunctive to supra and subgingival instrumentation, the test group consumed Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt while the control group consumed natural yogurt, once daily for 28 days. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 28th day, and 3rd month. Microbiological analysis was performed using culture method by obtaining subgingival plaque samples from 2 periodontal sites with 4≤PD≤6 mm at the same time points. RESULTS The inter-group comparisons of PI, GI, and BOP as well as the changes between the measurement time points were statistically significant in favor of the test group. There were no significant differences in terms of PD and CAL changes between the study groups at all times (∆baseline-28 days, ∆baseline-3 months) (p>0.05). The number of patients presenting subgingival Bifidobacterium species was significantly greater in the test group than the control group at the 28th day (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotics has shown beneficial effects, albeit limited, on clinical and microbiological outcomes in the management of periodontitis patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Daily consumption of probiotic yogurt may be supportive for supra and subgingival instrumentation.
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Van Holm W, Carvalho R, Delanghe L, Eilers T, Zayed N, Mermans F, Bernaerts K, Boon N, Claes I, Lebeer S, Teughels W. Antimicrobial potential of known and novel probiotics on in vitro periodontitis biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36681674 PMCID: PMC9867767 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several oral diseases are characterized by a shift within the oral microbiome towards a pathogenic, dysbiotic composition. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are often part of patient care. However, because of the rising antibiotic resistance, alternatives are increasingly desirable. Alternatively, supplying beneficial species through probiotics is increasingly showing favorable results. Unfortunately, these probiotics are rarely evaluated comparatively. In this study, the in vitro effects of three known and three novel Lactobacillus strains, together with four novel Streptococcus salivarius strains were comparatively evaluated for antagonistic effects on proximal agar growth, antimicrobial properties of probiotic supernatant and the probiotic's effects on in vitro periodontal biofilms. Strain-specific effects were observed as differences in efficacy between genera and differences within genera. While some of the Lactobacillus candidates were able to reduce the periodontal pathobiont A. actinomycetemcomitans, the S. salivarius strains were not. However, the S. salivarius strains were more effective against periodontal pathobionts P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum. Vexingly, most of the Lactobacillus strains also negatively affected the prevalence of commensal species within the biofilms, while this was lower for S. salivarius strains. Both within lactobacilli and streptococci, some strains showed significantly more inhibition of the pathobionts, indicating the importance of proper strain selection. Additionally, some species showed reductions in non-target species, which can result in unexpected and unexplored effects on the whole microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Van Holm
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Gent, Belgium
| | - Rita Carvalho
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lize Delanghe
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Eilers
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naiera Zayed
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Gent, Belgium ,grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Fabian Mermans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Gent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, Reactor Engineering and Safety, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Lebeer
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Han HS, Yum H, Cho YD, Kim S. Improvement of halitosis by probiotic bacterium Weissella cibaria CMU: A randomized controlled trial. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108762. [PMID: 36733919 PMCID: PMC9886871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro and in vivo studies have evaluated the effect of probiotics on oral health; however, human clinical studies are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Weissella cibaria Chonnam Medical University (CMU)-containing tablets on halitosis. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study included 100 adults with halitosis (age, 20-70 years). The participants were randomly assigned to the test group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). One tablet [1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/tablet] was to be taken each day over 8 weeks. The concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), bad breath improvement scores, and oral colonization of W. cibaria were measured. Psychosocial indicators including depression, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life, and subjective oral health status were evaluated. Most variables were assessed at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks, and W. cibaria number and safety variables were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Intergroup comparisons were carried out using Student's t-test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test on per-protocol analysis. Intragroup differences before and after intake were analyzed using the linear mixed-effect model (LMM). Per-protocol analysis was carried out in the test group (n = 45) and control group (n = 46). Total VSC was significantly lower in the probiotics group than in the placebo group at baseline (week 0, p = 0.046) and at 8 weeks (p = 0.017). The sum of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan did not differ significantly between the groups at baseline; however, it was significantly lower in the probiotics group than in the placebo group at week 8 (p = 0.012). Bad breath improvement (BBI) scores were significantly reduced at week 8 (p = 0.006) in the probiotics group. Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed for changes in the level of W. cibaria at week 8 (p < 0.001). Psychological indicators significantly improved from baseline to week 8 in the probiotics group. No safety issues were observed in either group. The levels of W. cibaria was higher in patients with halitosis using W. cibaria CMU-containing tablets. The subjective degree of bad breath and psychological indicators were improved in patients with halitosis using W. cibaria CMU-containing tablets.
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Tahmasebi E, Mohammadi M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Gharibian Bajestani S, Khanmohammad R, Haseli M, Yazdanian M, Esmaeili Fard Barzegar P, Tebyaniyan H. The current regenerative medicine approaches of craniofacial diseases: A narrative review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112378. [PMID: 36926524 PMCID: PMC10011176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial deformities (CFDs) develop following oncological resection, trauma, or congenital disorders. Trauma is one of the top five causes of death globally, with rates varying from country to country. They result in a non-healing composite tissue wound as they degenerate in soft or hard tissues. Approximately one-third of oral diseases are caused by gum disease. Due to the complexity of anatomical structures in the region and the variety of tissue-specific requirements, CFD treatments present many challenges. Many treatment methods for CFDs are available today, such as drugs, regenerative medicine (RM), surgery, and tissue engineering. Functional restoration of a tissue or an organ after trauma or other chronic diseases is the focus of this emerging field of science. The materials and methodologies used in craniofacial reconstruction have significantly improved in the last few years. A facial fracture requires bone preservation as much as possible, so tiny fragments are removed initially. It is possible to replace bone marrow stem cells with oral stem cells for CFDs due to their excellent potential for bone formation. This review article discusses regenerative approaches for different types of craniofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Gharibian Bajestani
- Student Research Committee, Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rojin Khanmohammad
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Haseli
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
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Cannizzaro S, Maiorani C, Scribante A, Butera A. Personalized Treatment of Periodontitis in a Patient with McArdle's Disease: The Benefits from Probiotics. Case Rep Dent 2023; 2023:5080384. [PMID: 36937222 PMCID: PMC10023231 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction McArdle's disease is a severe glycogen storage disease characterized by intolerance to exercise; patients have a syndrome of muscle intolerance to stress, associated with myalgia, cramps, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial pathology of the supporting tissues of the teeth: one of the main factors is the formation of bacterial biofilm; its control favors the prevention and the maintenance of good health of the oral cavity; and some systemic pathologies can worsen the periodontal disease and hinder its therapy. This case report concerns a woman with McArdle's disease diagnosed with periodontal disease. Material and Methods. A 54-year-old female patient with McArdle's disease has been diagnosed with Stage 3 generalized periodontitis, Grade B. At the baseline, the patient had 82 pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) equal to or greater than 4 mm. The patient was instructed in the correct methods of oral hygiene and was advised toothpaste and mouthwash based on probiotics; subsequently, a debridement was performed to remove etiological factors using Dental-Biofilm Detection Topographic Technique (D-BioTECH). Results After 60 days, the number of pockets was reduced from 82 to 14 overall with PPD ≥ 4 mm and from 50 to 2 pockets with PPD ≥ 5 mm. Full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) increased from 48% to 15% and full mouth plaque score (FMPS) from 73% to 15%. Conclusions In this case, the use of a correct brushing method combined with the D-BioTECH has reduced the disease state, with the use of probiotics at home to restore and maintain a healthy oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cannizzaro
- 1Ordinary Member of Academy of Advanced Technologies in Oral Hygiene Sciences, Siracusa, Italy
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- 2Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- 2Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- 3Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Butera
- 2Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Homayouni Rad A, Pourjafar H, Mirzakhani E. A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120995. [PMID: 36968114 PMCID: PMC10031100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases around the world that people usually suffer from during their lifetime. Tooth decay is a multifactorial disease, and the composition of oral microbiota is a critical factor in its development. Also, Streptococcus mutans is considered the most important caries-causing species. It is expected that probiotics, as they adjust the intestinal microbiota and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the human intestine, can exert their health-giving effects, especially the anti-pathogenic effect, in the oral cavity, which is part of the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on the role of probiotics in the prevention of tooth decay. In this review, while investigating the effect of different strains of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria on oral diseases, including dental caries, candida yeast infections, periodontal diseases, and halitosis, we have also discussed postbiotics as novel non-living biological compounds derived from probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
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Colamarino AN, Johnson TM, Boudreaux DM, Dutner JM, Stancoven BW, Lincicum AR, Akers JA. Influence of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and prebiotic inulin on dysbiotic dental biofilm composition ex vivo. J Periodontol 2022. [PMID: 36542391 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic bacterial supplementation has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontitis and the maintenance of periodontal health. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillus reuteri or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis supplementation with and without prebiotic inulin on biofilm composition using an ex vivo biofilm model. METHODS Subgingival plaque specimens from three periodontitis-affected human donors were used to grow biofilms on hydroxyapatite disks in media supplemented with varying combinations of prebiotic inulin, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Relative abundances of bacterial genera present in mature biofilms were evaluated using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Diversity metrics of microbial communities were evaluated using a next-generation microbiome bioinformatics platform. RESULTS Inulin supplementation produced statistically significant dose-dependent increases in relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species (p < 0.001) with concomitant decreases in relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, and Prevotella species (p < 0.001). Inoculation with L. reuteri or B. animalis subsp. lactis increased the relative abundance of only the supplemented probiotic genera (p < 0.05). Supplemental inulin led to a statistically significant decrease in biofilm alpha diversity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The described ex vivo model appears suitable for investigating the effects of probiotic bacteria, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof on biofilm composition and complexity. Within the limitations imposed by this model, results from the present study underscore the potential for prebiotic inulin to modify biofilm composition favorably. Additional research further elucidating biologic rationale and controlled clinical research defining therapeutic benefits is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Colamarino
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas M Johnson
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Joseph M Dutner
- Department of Endodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian W Stancoven
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Adam R Lincicum
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua A Akers
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
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38
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Functional biomaterials for comprehensive periodontitis therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Liu J, Dan R, Zhou X, Xiang J, Wang J, Liu J. Immune senescence and periodontitis: From mechanism to therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1025-1040. [PMID: 36218054 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0822-645rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious inflammatory diseases, characterized by irreversible destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth, which is correlated with a greater risk of multiple systemic diseases, thus regarded as a major health concern. Dysregulation between periodontal microbial community and host immunity is considered to be the leading cause of periodontitis. Comprehensive studies have unveiled the double-edged role of immune response in the development of periodontitis. Immune senescence, which is described as age-related alterations in immune system, including a diminished immune response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, a decline in the efficiency of immune protection, and even failure in immunity build-up after vaccination, leads to the increased susceptibility to infection. Recently, the intimate relationship between immune senescence and periodontitis has come into focus, especially in the aging population. In this review, both periodontal immunity and immune senescence will be fully introduced, especially their roles in the pathology and progression of periodontitis. Furthermore, novel immunotherapies targeting immune senescence are presented to provide potential targets for research and clinical intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruichen Dan
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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40
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Akimbekov NS, Digel I, Yerezhepov AY, Shardarbek RS, Wu X, Zha J. Nutritional factors influencing microbiota-mediated colonization resistance of the oral cavity: A literature review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029324. [PMID: 36337619 PMCID: PMC9630914 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems. The oral microbiota is a vital part of the human microbiome. It has been developed through mutual interactions among the environment, host physiological state, and microbial community composition. Indigenious microbiota of the oral cavity is one of the factors that prevent adhesion and invasion of pathogens on the mucous membrane, i.e., the development of the infectious process and thereby participating in the implementation of one of the mechanisms of local immunity-colonization resistance. The balance between bacterial symbiosis, microbial virulence, and host resistance ensures the integrity of the oral cavity. In this review we have tried to address how nutritional factors influence integrity of the oral indigenous microbiota and its involvement in colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Digel
- Institute for Bioengineering, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Adil Y. Yerezhepov
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raiymbek S. Shardarbek
- Department of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University Named After S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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NAUREEN ZAKIRA, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Polyphenols and Lactobacillus reuteri in oral health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E246-E254. [PMID: 36479495 PMCID: PMC9710395 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is one of the necessary preludes to the overall quality of life. Several medical procedures and therapies are available to treat oral diseases in general and periodontal diseases in particular, yet caries, periodontitis, oral cancer, and oral infections remain a global concern. Natural molecules, with their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbic properties, are one of the main sources of oral health and dental health care, and should be supplemented to exploit their beneficial effects. A possible way to improve the intake of these molecules is adhering to a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and probiotics, which has many beneficial properties and can improve overall health and wellbeing. The Mediterranean diet, in particular, provides several beneficial natural molecules, mainly because of the precious nutrients contained in its typical ingredients, mainly plant-based (olives, wine, citrus fruits, and many more). Its beneficial effects on several diseases and in increasing the overall wellbeing of the population are currently being studied by physicians. Among its nutrients, polyphenols (including, among other molecules, lignans, tannins, and flavonoids) seem to be of outmost importance: several studies showed their anticariogenic properties, as well as their effects in decreasing the incidence of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-derived molecules - such as polyphenols - and probiotics - such as Lactobacillus reuteri - have shown a significant potential in treating and curing oral diseases, either alone or in combination, owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy; E-mail:
| | | | | | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Van Holm W, Verspecht T, Carvalho R, Bernaerts K, Boon N, Zayed N, Teughels W. Glycerol strengthens probiotic effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in oral biofilms: a synergistic synbiotic approach. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:266-275. [PMID: 36075698 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri can improve oral health. L. reuteri species are known to produce the antimicrobial 'reuterin' from glycerol. In order to further increase its antimicrobial activity, this study evaluated the effect of the combined use of glycerol and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (ATCC PTA 5289) in view of using a synergistic synbiotic over a probiotic. An antagonistic agar growth and a multispecies biofilm model showed that the antimicrobial potential of the probiotic was significantly enhanced against periodontal pathobionts and anaerobic commensals when supplemented with glycerol. Synbiotic biofilms also showed a significant reduction in inflammatory expression of human oral keratinocytes (HOK-18A), but only when the keratinocytes were preincubated with the probiotic. Probiotic preincubation of keratinocytes or probiotic- and synbiotic treatment of biofilms alone were insufficient to significantly reduce inflammatory expression. Overall, this study shows that combining glycerol with the probiotic L. reuteri into a synergistic synbiotic can greatly improve the effectiveness of the latter. One sentence summary: The use of a synbiotic formulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri with glycerol over the probiotic improves antimicrobial effects and reduced inflammatory response to oral biofilms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Van Holm
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tim Verspecht
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Rita Carvalho
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, Reactor Engineering and Safety, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven Chem&Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F (bus 2424), Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Naiera Zayed
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Salinas-Azuceno C, Martínez-Hernández M, Maldonado-Noriega JI, Rodríguez-Hernández AP, Ximenez-Fyvie LA. Probiotic Monotherapy with Lactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis) as a Coadjutant to Reduce Subgingival Dysbiosis in a Patient with Periodontitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137835. [PMID: 35805491 PMCID: PMC9265494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Probiotics can be considered a non-invasive periodontal monotherapy for the modulation of microbiota when periodontal treatment is not accessible. The aim was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis as monotherapy to modulate periodontal parameters and subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. (2) Methods: A 30-year-old patient with periodontitis was followed longitudinally after one month of daily consumption of L. reuteri Prodentis (T0). Periodontal measurements and microbial identification by Checkerboard DNA−DNA hybridization of 40 bacteria were compared between baseline (T0) and 30 days (T1) or 90 days (T2), using the Kruskal−Wallis (KW) and Mann−Whitney U (MW) tests. (3) Results: Low values of pocket depth, attachment level, dental plaque, gingival erythema (GE), and suppuration were observed at T0 vs. T1, with the clinical improvement of GE (p < 0.05, MW) and the recovery of tooth 46 fistulation. T1 vs. T0 comparisons showed lower levels (Lev) or proportions (Prop) of Parvimonas micra (Lev: p < 0.05, MW; Prop: p < 0.01, MW) and Streptococcus gordonii (Prop: p < 0.05, MW), and a predominance (Lev/Prop) of Actinomyces odontolyticus and Streptococcus mitis; lower levels and proportions of P. micra, Eubacterium saburreum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were observed in tooth 46 (T1/T2 vs. T0). (4) Conclusions: Under monotherapy with L. reuteri Prodentis, periodontal measurements of the patient were maintained, with selective changes in the subgingival microbiota that were proportional to the time of probiotic administration, with any additional periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salinas-Azuceno
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico; (C.S.-A.); (M.M.-H.); (L.-A.X.-F.)
| | - Miryam Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico; (C.S.-A.); (M.M.-H.); (L.-A.X.-F.)
| | | | - Adriana-Patricia Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico; (C.S.-A.); (M.M.-H.); (L.-A.X.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5543-575763
| | - Laurie-Ann Ximenez-Fyvie
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico; (C.S.-A.); (M.M.-H.); (L.-A.X.-F.)
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The Use of Probiotics as Adjuvant Therapy of Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051017. [PMID: 35631603 PMCID: PMC9143599 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the use of probiotics in periodontitis treatment was reflected in their abilities to control the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and to upset periodontopathogens. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy on clinical periodontal parameters throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature was screened, up to 4 June 2021, by two independent reviewers (L.H. and R.B.) in four electronic databases: PubMed (MedLine), ISI Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus. Only clinical trials that report the effect of the use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of periodontal disease were included. Comparisons were carried out using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). A total of 21 studies were considered for the meta-analysis. For the index plaque, the use of probiotics did not improve this clinical parameter (p = 0.16). On the other hand, for the periodontal pocket depth, the clinical attachment loss, the bleeding on probing, and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy resulted in an improvement of these parameters, since the control group achieved statistically higher values of this parameter (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; and p = 0.005, respectively). This study suggests that the use of probiotics led to an improvement in periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing parameters. On the other hand, this protocol seems to not be beneficial for the index plaque parameter.
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45
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Outside the limits of bacterial viability: postbiotics in the management of periodontitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115072. [PMID: 35513043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss in adults worldwide and is caused by an unbalanced oral microbiota in a susceptible host, ultimately leading to tissue breakdown and bone loss. Traditionally, the treatment for periodontitis is scaling and root planing; however, some cases require adjuvant therapy, such as antibiotics administration or surgery. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis and interact in an unpredictable way, increasing the complexity of the disease and making it difficult to manage. In this context, the administration of probiotics aimed at resolving bacterial dysbiosis and the associated dysregulation of the immune system has been employed in clinical trials with encouraging results. However, the use of viable microorganisms is not risk-free, and immunocompromised patients may develop adverse effects. Therefore, the use of inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions, or soluble products and metabolites of probiotics, known as postbiotics, has gained increasing attention. In this commentary, we present the current literature assessing the impact of postbiotics on the growth and metabolism of periodontal pathogens, as well as on the progression of periodontitis in rodents and humans. We also discuss the limitations of the available data and what the scientific community should consider in order to transfer this innovative therapeutic modality from the bench to the bedside.
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46
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Wang J, Liu Y, Wang W, Ma J, Zhang M, Lu X, Liu J, Kou Y. The rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus in the management of periodontitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (SEOUL, KOREA) 2022; 60:355-363. [PMID: 35344188 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis refers to a wide range of the inflammatory conditions of supporting dental structures. For some patients with periodontitis, antibacterial agents are needed as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement treatments and oral hygiene maintenance. However, the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal infections results in the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, probiotics have become markedly interesting to researchers as a potentially safe alternative to periodontal treatment and maintenance. Probiotics have been used in medicine for decades and extensively applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases through the modulation of microbial synergy and other mechanisms. A growing amount of evidence has shown that using Lactobacillus strains for oral cavity maintenance could improve periodontal health. In this study, we reviewed studies showing proof of the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus species on periodontal inflammation. We also explored the rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus species in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Weiru Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China. .,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China.
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47
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Comparison Between Different Delivery Vehicles for the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:313-325. [PMID: 35260963 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of the probiotic (PROB) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in two different delivery vehicles in experimental periodontitis (EP), including the gene expression for IL-10, IFN-γ, and FOXP3. In total, 32 rats were assigned into groups (n=8): C (control), EP, EP-PROB/Water, and EP-PROB/Milk. The probiotic was administered for 4 weeks, from baseline to euthanasia. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures 14 days after baseline. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Both probiotic groups presented decreased alveolar bone loss and increased interproximal attachment level than group EP. Also, these parameters were significantly improved in the Milk group when compared with the Water group. EP-PROB/Milk showed higher gene expression for IL-10 and lower for FOXP3 in relation to EP-PROB/Water and EP groups. The use of milk was able to potentiate the protective effects of B. lactis HN019 in rats under EP.
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48
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Saffari SE, Lim LP, Chung KM, Ong MMA. Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:81-90. [PMID: 34197264 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1942193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the efficacy of adjunctive probiotics compared to placebo, using conventional and novel treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) were searched. Outcomes included percent change in the total number of deep sites before and after therapy, change in mean probing pocket depth (mm), percentage patients requiring additional therapy, risk for disease progression, and microbiological and immunological results. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate treatment effects wherever appropriate. RESULTS Ten studies were selected from 818 records. Meta-analysis showed that adjunctive probiotics had no additional benefit for percentage change of the total number of deeper sites (≥5 mm, ≥6 mm, ≥7 mm) before and after therapy. No significant difference was observed for mean probing pocket depth reduction at 3 and 6 months. Statistically significant beneficial odds ratios for need for additional therapy (OR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.07-0.56]) and risk of disease progression (OR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.14-0.73]) were observed with probiotic administration. Immunological rather than microbiological outcomes correlated more consistently with clinical findings. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive probiotics are safe in systemically healthy individuals and could offer additional patient-level benefits compared to placebo, hence its use can sometimes be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Rong Hao Tay
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lum Peng Lim
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Mun Chung
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne Meng Ann Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Gheisary Z, Mahmood R, Harri shivanantham A, Liu J, Lieffers JRL, Papagerakis P, Papagerakis S. The Clinical, Microbiological, and Immunological Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051036. [PMID: 35268009 PMCID: PMC8912513 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Periodontal diseases are a global health concern. They are multi-stage, progressive inflammatory diseases triggered by the inflammation of the gums in response to periodontopathogens and may lead to the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, tooth loss, and systemic health problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of probiotic supplementation on the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease based on the assessment of clinical, microbiological, and immunological outcomes. (2) Methods: This study was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42021249120). Six databases were searched: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source. The meta-analysis assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases and reported them using Hedge’s g standardized mean difference (SMD). (3) Results: Of the 1883 articles initially identified, 64 randomized clinical trials were included in this study. The results of this meta-analysis indicated statistically significant improvements after probiotic supplementation in the majority of the clinical outcomes in periodontal disease patients, including the plaque index (SMD = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.228, 0.885), gingival index, SMD = 0.920, 95% CI: 0.426, 1.414), probing pocket depth (SMD = 0.578, 95% CI: 0.365, 0.790), clinical attachment level (SMD = 0.413, 95% CI: 0.262, 0.563), bleeding on probing (SMD = 0.841, 95% CI: 0.479, 1.20), gingival crevicular fluid volume (SMD = 0.568, 95% CI: 0.235, 0.902), reduction in the subgingival periodontopathogen count of P. gingivalis (SMD = 0.402, 95% CI: 0.120, 0.685), F. nucleatum (SMD = 0.392, 95% CI: 0.127, 0.658), and T. forsythia (SMD = 0.341, 95% CI: 0.050, 0.633), and immunological markers MMP-8 (SMD = 0.819, 95% CI: 0.417, 1.221) and IL-6 (SMD = 0.361, 95% CI: 0.079, 0.644). (4) Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that probiotic supplementation improves clinical parameters, and reduces the periodontopathogen load and pro-inflammatory markers in periodontal disease patients. However, we were unable to assess the preventive role of probiotic supplementation due to the paucity of studies. Further clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation in the prevention of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Gheisary
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer—Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (Z.G.); (R.M.); (A.H.s.)
| | - Razi Mahmood
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer—Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (Z.G.); (R.M.); (A.H.s.)
| | - Aparna Harri shivanantham
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer—Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (Z.G.); (R.M.); (A.H.s.)
| | - Juxin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 106 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E6, Canada;
| | - Jessica R. L. Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer—Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (Z.G.); (R.M.); (A.H.s.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-3069661960
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Clinical Effects of Locally Delivered Lactobacillus reuteri as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Periodontitis: A Split-Mouth Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Different methods and products have been investigated as measures of adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP). Probiotic use has gained interest for this particular application, especially Lactobacillus spp. This split-mouth interventional prospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of L. reuteri DSM 17938 with local application in periodontal pockets of severe periodontitis patients. The study was conducted on 40 subjects with stage 3–4 periodontitis who, based on a split-mouth model, followed SRP and SRP + L. reuteri solution in five weekly sessions. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at baseline and at three months after probiotic treatment completion. Both SRP and SRP + L. reuteri generated significant improvements of all three clinical parameters, but the changes were significantly better for SRP + L. reuteri treated sites. Therefore, we can conclude that adjunctive therapy with L. reuteri DSM 17938 could represent an interesting treatment option, particularly for severe periodontitis cases.
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