1
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Weber V, Godoy RS, Hoffmann PHO, Lanés LEK, Volcan M, Maltchik L. A preliminary approach to embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, an endangered neotropical annual fish species. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271218. [PMID: 37255200 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual fish live exclusively in temporary wetlands and are among the shortest-lived vertebrates in the world. These fish persist in these habitats due to drought-resistant eggs, that which, through diapauses are able to detect stimuli from the environment to start the development processes. They are also able to direct their embryonic development in different trajectories with different development times. Our objective in this paper was to describe the different stages of embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, a critically endangered annual fish. A total of 27 stages of embryonic development were identified for the two observed developmental pathways (direct and diapause 2). Of these 27 developmental stages observed, 24 were identical between the two types of trajectories and three different. A total of 90% of the embryos that completed their development proceeded normally, without pauses. One embryo had a different development from the others, entering diapause 2, with a pause in development for 48 h. Although the embryonic development of A. wolterstorffi is similar to that of other Neotropical annual fish species, the diapause 2 occurs when the embryo has a large body size and a well-developed brain, indicating that the lack of embryonic information of the genus Austrolebias may hide characteristics still undescribed or even different survival strategies than what has been observed for other annual fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Weber
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - R S Godoy
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil
| | - P H O Hoffmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | | | - M Volcan
- Instituto Pró-Pampa, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - L Maltchik
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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2
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De Castro BD, Lanés LEK, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Oliveira GT. Development stage-dependent oxidative stress responses to the exposure to roundup original© in a neotropical annual killifish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103976. [PMID: 36100139 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the most commonly applied pesticides in Brazil, specifically those based on glyphosate, and are used for different crops, near the habitats of annual killifish. Annual killifish presents a short life cycle with generally restricted geographic distribution. In this context, we evaluated the effect of the Roundup Original© (65, 130 and 260 µg. L-1 of glyphosate) herbicide on different development stages (adult-young and senile) of the annual killifish (Cynopoecilus sp.). We quantified the oxidative balance markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation levels, and total proteins). We observed that the senile individuals presented 2-fold higher lipid peroxidation levels associated with the maintenance of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity levels even after exposure to the herbicide. However, senile subjects were negatively impacted by the exposure to formulations containing glyphosate, and this was related to a loss of glutathione S-transferase activity. Our research demonstrated that the established physiological markers and this species look promising for toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dutra De Castro
- PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Souza Godoy
- UNISINOS, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maltchik
- FURG, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rectory, Pro-Rectory of Research and Graduate Studies, University of Rio Grande Foundation, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Žák J, Roy K, Dyková I, Mráz J, Reichard M. Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:894-908. [PMID: 35195903 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a controlled diet is unfortunate in a promising model organism for ageing, the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, 1971). Currently captive N. furzeri are fed bloodworms but it is not known whether this is an optimal diet. Replacing bloodworms with a practical dry feed would reduce diet variability. In the present study, we estimated the nutritional value of the diet ingested by wild fish and determined the fish-body amino acid profile as a proxy for their nutritional requirements. We compared the performance of fish fed four commercial feeds containing 46%-64% protein to that achieved with bloodworms and that of wild fish. Wild fish target a high-protein (60%) diet and this is supported by their superior performance on high-protein diets in captivity. In contrast, feeds for omnivores led to slower growth, lower fecundity and unnatural liver size. In comparison to wild fish, a bloodworm diet led to lower body condition, overfeeding and male liver enlargement. Out of the four dry feeds tested, the fish fed Aller matched wild fish in body condition and liver size, and was comparable to bloodworms in terms of growth and fecundity. A starter feed for carnivorous species appears to be a practical replacement for bloodworms for N. furzeri. The use of dry feeds improved performance in comparison to bloodworms and thus may contribute to reducing response variability and improving research reproducibility in N. furzeri research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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4
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Godoy RS, Weber V, Lanés LEK, Reichard M, Gemelli T, Hohendorff RV, Maltchik L. Recognizing the enemy: do predator cues influence hatching in Neotropical annual killifish? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1476-1484. [PMID: 34287870 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Annual fish species have evolved complex adaptations to survive in temporary wetlands. The main adaptation of these fish is the ability to produce embryos that survive dry periods. Embryo development of this fish can show variation at multiple levels influenced by many environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature. Predator cues are another factor that can influence the embryonic stage. One way in which annual fish could adapt to predators is by using risk-spreading strategies (through bet-hedging). Nonetheless, this strategy depends on the coevolutionary history between predators and preys and on the degree of environmental unpredictability, resulting in different responses across different species. This study investigated the influence of predator cues on the embryonic development and hatching of two Austrolebias species that inhabit ponds that present differences in hydroperiod and the risk of predator presence. The results confirmed a differentiated response between the two annual fish species tested, corroborating the modulation of hatching against the risk of predation by native predatory fish. The authors further showed that development times varied between the two annual fish species, regardless of the presence of predators. They highlight that the variation in embryonic development is strongly affected by different levels of hydroperiod unpredictability faced by the two species. To unravel finer-scale local adaptations in the annual fish embryo development, future studies should focus on a region with greater spatial gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson S Godoy
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Weber
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Luis Esteban Krause Lanés
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanise Gemelli
- Nutrition and Food, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Postgraduate Program in Biology of Continental Aquatic Environments, Federal University of Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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5
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Rowiński PK, Sowersby W, Näslund J, Eckerström-Liedholm S, Gotthard K, Rogell B. Variation in developmental rates is not linked to environmental unpredictability in annual killifishes. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8027-8037. [PMID: 34188869 PMCID: PMC8216982 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative evidence suggests that adaptive plasticity may evolve as a response to predictable environmental variation. However, less attention has been placed on unpredictable environmental variation, which is considered to affect evolutionary trajectories by increasing phenotypic variation (or bet hedging). Here, we examine the occurrence of bet hedging in egg developmental rates in seven species of annual killifish that originate from a gradient of variation in precipitation rates, under three treatment incubation temperatures (21, 23, and 25°C). In the wild, these species survive regular and seasonal habitat desiccation, as dormant eggs buried in the soil. At the onset of the rainy season, embryos must be sufficiently developed in order to hatch and complete their life cycle. We found substantial differences among species in both the mean and variation of egg development rates, as well as species-specific plastic responses to incubation temperature. Yet, there was no clear relationship between variation in egg development time and variation in precipitation rate (environmental predictability). The exact cause of these differences therefore remains enigmatic, possibly depending on differences in other natural environmental conditions in addition to precipitation predictability. Hence, if species-specific variances are adaptive, the relationship between development and variation in precipitation is complex and does not diverge in accordance with simple linear relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Sowersby
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources Institute of Freshwater Research Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Drottningholm Sweden
| | | | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Rogell
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources Institute of Freshwater Research Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Drottningholm Sweden
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6
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Riddle MR, Hu CK. Fish models for investigating nutritional regulation of embryonic development. Dev Biol 2021; 476:101-111. [PMID: 33831748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, biologist have focused on the spatiotemporal regulation and function of genes to understand embryogenesis. It is clear that maternal diet impacts fetal development but how nutrients, like lipids and vitamins, modify developmental programs is not completely understood. Fish are useful research organisms for such investigations. Most species of fish produce eggs that develop outside the mother, dependent on a finite amount of yolk to form and grow. The developing embryo is a closed system that can be readily biochemically analyzed, easily visualized, and manipulated to understand the role of nutrients in tissue specification, organogenesis, and growth. Natural variation in yolk composition observed across fish species may be related to unique developmental strategies. In this review, we discuss the reasons that teleost fishes are powerful models to understand nutritional control of development and highlight three species that are particularly valuable for future investigations: the zebrafish, Danio rerio, the African Killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, and the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. This review is a part of a special issue on nutritional, hormonal, and metabolic drivers of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty R Riddle
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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7
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Žák J, Reichard M. Reproductive senescence in a short-lived fish. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:492-502. [PMID: 33159690 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive senescence is an age-associated decline in reproductive performance, which often arises as a trade-off between current and future reproduction. Given that mortality is inevitable, increased allocation into current reproduction is favoured despite costs paid later in life. This assumption is violated in organisms with post-maturity growth whose reproductive output increases long after maturity. While reproductive senescence is frequently studied in animals with determinate growth at maturity, such as insects or mammals, we have very limited understanding of reproductive senescence in organisms with an extensive post-maturity growth period. The fact that many post-maturity growers experience strong adult mortality leads to conflicting expectations for reproductive senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate how co-occurrence of rapid life history and post-maturity growth mould reproductive senescence in a short-lived killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, using longitudinal data on laboratory and wild-type populations. We followed the individual fecundity, fertility and fertilization of 132 singly housed fish from the perspectives of chronological and biological age. At the onset of senescence, the sex-specific contribution to decrease in fertilization capacity was investigated. Allocation trade-offs were estimated through the association between reproductive parameters and life span, and between early-life and late-life fecundity. We demonstrate that female fecundity increased steadily after maturity and reproductive senescence occurred long after the growth asymptote. The prime age for fecundity coincided with 50% female survival and consequent decline in fecundity implies an association with somatic deterioration. Reproductive senescence in fertilization rate was stronger in females than in males. Females with high early fecundity experienced a long life span and high late-life fecundity, discounting the role of allocation trade-offs in reproductive senescence. The present study reports a clear case of reproductive senescence in a fish with a long post-maturation growth period, unusually rapid development and short life span. The onset of reproductive senescence was postponed compared to animals that cease growing at sexual maturity. Fish and other animals with post-maturity growth have long been considered insusceptible to ageing but this conclusion may be related to the previous lack of longitudinal data rather than to the absence of reproductive senescence in such organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Žák J, Reichard M. Fluctuating temperatures extend median lifespan, improve reproduction and reduce growth in turquoise killifish. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111073. [PMID: 32858146 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In natural populations, individuals experience daily fluctuations in environmental conditions that synchronise endogenous biorhythms. Artificial alterations of environmental fluctuations can have negative consequences for life history traits, including lifespan. In laboratory studies of aging, the role of fluctuating temperature is usually overlooked and we know little of how thermal fluctuation modulates senescence in vertebrates. In this longitudinal study we followed individually-housed turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, from two thermal regimes; ecologically relevant diel fluctuations (20 °C - 35 °C) and stable temperature (27.5 °C), and compared their survival, growth and reproduction. Fish experiencing fluctuating temperatures had a longer median lifespan but reached smaller asymptotic body size. Within-treatment variation indicated that extended lifespan in fluctuating temperatures was not causally linked to decreased growth rate or smaller body size, but occurred solely due to the effect of thermal fluctuations. Male body size was positively associated with lifespan in stable temperatures but this relationship was disrupted in fluctuating thermal regimes. Females exposed to fluctuating temperatures effectively compensated egg production for their smaller size. Thus, there was no difference in absolute fecundity between thermal regimes and body-size corrected fecundity was higher in females in fluctuating temperatures. Overall, despite a brief exposure to sub-optimal thermal conditions during fluctuations, fluctuating temperature had a positive effect on survival and reproduction. These results suggest that the expression of life history traits and their associations under stable temperatures are a poor representation of the relationships obtained from ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czechia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Viničná 7, 128 00, Czechia
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czechia; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
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9
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Žák J, Dyková I, Reichard M. Good performance of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) on pelleted diet as a step towards husbandry standardization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8986. [PMID: 32488062 PMCID: PMC7265286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary alteration is one of the most universally effective aging interventions, making its standardization a fundamental need for model organisms in aging. In this dietetic study we address the current lack of standardized formulated diet for turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri – a promising model organism. We first demonstrated that N. furzeri can be fully weaned at the onset of puberty onto a commercially available pelleted diet as the sole nutrition when kept in social tanks. We then compared nine somatic and six reproductive parameters between fish fed a typical laboratory diet - frozen chironomid larvae (bloodworms) and fish weaned from bloodworms to BioMar pellets. Both dietary groups had comparable somatic and reproductive performance. There was no difference between diet groups in adult body size, specific growth rate, condition or extent of hepatocellular vacuolation. Fish fed a pelleted diet had higher juvenile body mass and more visceral fat. Pellet-fed males had lower liver mass and possessed a lipid type of hepatocellular vacuolation instead of the prevailing glycogen-like vacuolation in the bloodworm-fed group. No considerable effect was found on reproductive parameters. The negligible differences between dietary groups and good acceptance of pellets indicate their suitability as a useful starting point for the development of standardized diet for Nothobranchius furzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 7, 122 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Poeschla M, Valenzano DR. The turquoise killifish: a genetically tractable model for the study of aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/Suppl_1/jeb209296. [PMID: 32034047 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lifespan is a remarkably diverse trait in nature, ranging from just hours in adult mayflies to hundreds of years in the Greenland shark and quahog clam. Great disparities in lifespan are often observed even among somewhat closely related species; for example, in the laboratory, wild-derived strains of the common house mouse have a maximum observed lifespan of approximately 6 years, while a similarly sized rodent, the naked mole rat, can live for over 30 years. Comparative biology of aging across the tree of life provides a tremendous opportunity for understanding the molecular and genetic basis underlying lifespan and aging. However, a lack of molecular and laboratory tools has limited the ability of researchers to take full advantage of the incredible diversity of aging phenotypes in nature. Recent developments in genomic technology have made it increasingly possible to study non-canonical model organisms for aging. One promising new genetic model organism amenable to a range of experimental interventions is the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri). This fish species has a naturally short lifespan and undergoes a wide range of aging-related transformations. These fish have a fully sequenced genome and transcriptome, and killifish embryos are accessible to transgenesis and genome editing. Furthermore, different killifish species and populations show striking differences in lifespan, providing the opportunity for comparative analysis of aging. This Review introduces the natural life history of the turquoise killifish, its emerging applicability as an aging model system, the genetic tools that have been developed to study aging for this species and a summary of recent studies facilitated by these new tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poeschla
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dario R Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany .,CECAD, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Dolfi L, Ripa R, Antebi A, Valenzano DR, Cellerino A. Cell cycle dynamics during diapause entry and exit in an annual killifish revealed by FUCCI technology. EvoDevo 2019; 10:29. [PMID: 31728179 PMCID: PMC6842169 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annual killifishes are adapted to surviving and reproducing over alternating dry and wet seasons. During the dry season, all adults die and desiccation-resistant embryos remain encased in dry mud for months or years in a state of diapause where their development is halted in anticipation of the months that have to elapse before their habitats are flooded again. Embryonic development of annual killifishes deviates from canonical teleost development. Epiblast cells disperse during epiboly, and a “dispersed phase” precedes gastrulation. In addition, annual fish have the ability to enter diapause and block embryonic development at the dispersed phase (diapause I), mid-somitogenesis (diapause II) and the final phase of development (diapause III). Developmental transitions associated with diapause entry and exit can be linked with cell cycle events. Here we set to image this transition in living embryos. Results To visibly explore cell cycle dynamics during killifish development in depth, we created a stable transgenic line in Nothobranchius furzeri that expresses two fluorescent reporters, one for the G1 phase and one for the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, respectively (Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator, FUCCI). Using this tool, we observed that, during epiboly, epiblast cells progressively become quiescent and exit the cell cycle. All embryos transit through a phase where dispersed cells migrate, without showing any mitotic activity, possibly blocked in the G1 phase (diapause I). Thereafter, exit from diapause I is synchronous and cells enter directly into the S phase without transiting through G1. The developmental trajectories of embryos entering diapause and of those that continue to develop are different. In particular, embryos entering diapause have reduced growth along the medio-lateral axis. Finally, exit from diapause II is synchronous for all cells and is characterized by a burst of mitotic activity and growth along the medio-lateral axis such that, by the end of this phase, the morphology of the embryos is identical to that of direct-developing embryos. Conclusions Our study reveals surprising levels of coordination of cellular dynamics during diapause and provides a reference framework for further developmental analyses of this remarkable developmental quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dolfi
- 1Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Ripa
- 2Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,4Present Address: Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- 1Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Cellerino
- 2Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,3Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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12
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Reichard M, Polačik M. Nothobranchius furzeri, an 'instant' fish from an ephemeral habitat. eLife 2019; 8:41548. [PMID: 30616713 PMCID: PMC6324871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, is a promising vertebrate model in ageing research and an emerging model organism in genomics, regenerative medicine, developmental biology and ecotoxicology. Its lifestyle is adapted to the ephemeral nature of shallow pools on the African savannah. Its rapid and short active life commences when rains fill the pool: fish hatch, grow rapidly and mature in as few as two weeks, and then reproduce daily until the pool dries out. Its embryos then become inactive, encased in the dry sediment and protected from the harsh environment until the rains return. This invertebrate-like life cycle (short active phase and long developmental arrest) combined with a vertebrate body plan provide the ideal attributes for a laboratory animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Api M, Notarstefano V, Olivotto I, Cellerino A, Carnevali O. Breeders Age Affects Reproductive Success in Nothobranchius furzeri. Zebrafish 2018; 15:546-557. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Api
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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14
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Hu CK, Brunet A. The African turquoise killifish: A research organism to study vertebrate aging and diapause. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12757. [PMID: 29573324 PMCID: PMC5946070 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The African turquoise killifish has recently gained significant traction as a new research organism in the aging field. Our understanding of aging has strongly benefited from canonical research organisms—yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Many characteristics that are essential to understand aging—for example, the adaptive immune system or the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis—are only present in vertebrates (zebrafish and mice). However, zebrafish and mice live more than 3 years and their relatively long lifespans are not compatible with high‐throughput studies. Therefore, the turquoise killifish, a vertebrate with a naturally compressed lifespan of only 4–6 months, fills an essential gap to understand aging. With a recently developed genomic and genetic toolkit, the turquoise killifish not only provides practical advantages for lifespan and longitudinal experiments, but also allows more systematic characterizations of the interplay between genetics and environment during vertebrate aging. Interestingly, the turquoise killifish can also enter a long‐term dormant state during development called diapause. Killifish embryos in diapause already have some organs and tissues, and they can last in this state for years, exhibiting exceptional resistance to stress and to damages due to the passage of time. Understanding the diapause state could give new insights into strategies to prevent the damage caused by aging and to better preserve organs, tissues, and cells. Thus, the African turquoise killifish brings two interesting aspects to the aging field—a compressed lifespan and a long‐term resistant diapause state, both of which should spark new discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging; Stanford CA USA
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15
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Reichard M, Lanés LEK, Polačik M, Blažek R, Vrtílek M, Godoy RS, Maltchik L. Avian predation mediates size-specific survival in a Neotropical annual fish: a field experiment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luis E K Lanés
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Pampa – IPPAMPA, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matej Polačik
- The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrtílek
- The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robson S Godoy
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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16
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Api M, Biondi P, Olivotto I, Terzibasi E, Cellerino A, Carnevali O. Effects of Parental Aging During Embryo Development and Adult Life: The Case of Nothobranchius furzeri. Zebrafish 2018; 15:112-123. [PMID: 29304310 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on parental aging are a very attractive field, although it is poorly understood how parental age affects embryonic development and adult traits of the offspring. In this study, we used the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri, as is the vertebrate with shortest captive lifespan and an interesting model. The embryos of N. furzeri can follow two distinct developmental pathways either entering diapause or proceeding through direct development. Thus, this embryonic plasticity allows this model to be used to study different factors that could affect their embryonic development, including parental age. The first goal of the present study was to investigate whether parental aging could affect the embryo development. To do this, we collected F1 embryos from two breeder groups (old parents and young parents). We monitored the duration of embryonic development and analyzed genes involved in dorsalization process. The second goal was to investigate if embryonic developmental plasticity could be modulated by an epigenetic process. To this end, the expression of DNMTs genes was examined. Our data support the hypothesis that diapause, occurring more frequently in embryos from old parents, is associated with increased expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B suggesting an epigenetic control. Finally, we analyzed whether parental age could affect metabolism and growth during adult life. Morphometric results and qPCR analysis of genes from IGF system showed a slower growth in adults from old breeders. Moreover, a gender-specificity effect on growth emerged. In conclusion, these results may contribute to the better understanding of the complex mechanism of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Api
- 1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Piera Biondi
- 1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- 1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Oliana Carnevali
- 1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
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17
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da Fonseca AP, Volcan MV, Robaldo RB. Incubation media affect the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in Neotropical annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus (Rivulidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:165-176. [PMID: 29178292 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in the annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus eggs were monitored in four liquid media and two damp media under experimental conditions for 130 days until their development was complete. Eggs kept in the same breeding water from oviposition remained in diapause I (DI) during all experiments. In constrast, up to the stage prior to entering diapause II (DII), the other media had no influence on development. Embryos at this stage (DII), however, show longer development time when treated in medium with water and powdered coconut shell so that about 80% of embryos remained in DII at 100 days. In contrast, all other treatments had a significantly lower proportion of embryos remaining in DII. When treated with Yamamoto's solution in humid media, embryos showed the fastest development. The first fully developed embryos (DIII) were seen at 27 days after oviposition. It took an average of 46-58 days for 50% of eggs in each treatment to reach DIII. Compared with other studies, survival in all incubation media was high at between 70 and 98%. Taken together, it can be concluded that all incubation media were found to be viable for maintaining embryos. Altering developmental trajectories through the manipulation of diapauses in different media makes this species a potential model organism for laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, n 02, Cassino Rio Grande, 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada a Aquicultura, Instituto de Biologia, DFF, prédio 26, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M V Volcan
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto Pró-Pampa, Rua Uruguai, n 1242, Centro, Pelotas, 96010-630, RS, Brazil
| | - R B Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, n 02, Cassino Rio Grande, 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada a Aquicultura, Instituto de Biologia, DFF, prédio 26, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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18
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Reichard M. Evolutionary perspectives on ageing. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 70:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Arezo MJ, Papa NG, Berois N, Clivio G, Montagne J, De la Piedra S. Annual killifish adaptations to ephemeral environments: Diapause i in twoaustrolebiasspecies. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:848-857. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María José Arezo
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. Depto, de Biología Celular y Molecular
| | - Nicolás G. Papa
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. Depto, de Biología Celular y Molecular
| | - Nibia Berois
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. Depto, de Biología Celular y Molecular
| | - Graciela Clivio
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. Depto, de Biología Celular y Molecular
| | - Jimena Montagne
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. Depto, de Biología Celular y Molecular
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20
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Grégoir AF, Philippe C, Pinceel T, Reniers J, Thoré ESJ, Vanschoenwinkel B, Brendonck L. Life stage dependent responses to desiccation risk in the annual killifish Nothobranchius wattersi. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:880-895. [PMID: 28758279 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether the annual killifish Nothobranchius wattersi responds plastically to a desiccation risk and whether this response is life stage dependent, life-history traits such as maturation time, fecundity and life span were experimentally measured in N. wattersi that were subjected to a drop in water level either as juveniles, as adults or both as juveniles and adults. Fish that were exposed to simulated pool drying as juveniles did not show changes in reproductive output or life span. Adults reacted by doubling short term egg deposition at the cost of a shorter lifespan. Overall, these results suggest that annual fish species can use phenotypic plasticity to maximize their reproductive output when faced with early pond drying, but this response appears to be life-stage specific. In addition to frogs and aquatic insects, phenotypic plasticity induced by forthcoming drought is now also confirmed in annual fishes and could well be a common feature of the limited number of fish taxa that manage to survive in this extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Grégoir
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Philippe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T Pinceel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - J Reniers
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E S J Thoré
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Vanschoenwinkel
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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21
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Russell JJ, Theriot JA, Sood P, Marshall WF, Landweber LF, Fritz-Laylin L, Polka JK, Oliferenko S, Gerbich T, Gladfelter A, Umen J, Bezanilla M, Lancaster MA, He S, Gibson MC, Goldstein B, Tanaka EM, Hu CK, Brunet A. Non-model model organisms. BMC Biol 2017; 15:55. [PMID: 28662661 PMCID: PMC5492503 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms are widely used in research as accessible and convenient systems to study a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally only a handful of organisms have been widely studied, but modern research tools are enabling researchers to extend the set of model organisms to include less-studied and more unusual systems. This Forum highlights a range of 'non-model model organisms' as emerging systems for tackling questions across the whole spectrum of biology (and beyond), the opportunities and challenges, and the outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Russell
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Microbiology & Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Pranidhi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Laura F Landweber
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics and Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Jessica K Polka
- Visiting Scholar, Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Therese Gerbich
- 516 Fordham Hall, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Amy Gladfelter
- 516 Fordham Hall, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - James Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Rd, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shuonan He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Matthew C Gibson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging at Stanford, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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22
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Vrtílek M, Polačik M, Reichard M. The role of energetic reserves during embryonic development of an annual killifish. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:838-847. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Matej Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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23
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Domínguez-Castanedo O, Valdesalici S, Rosales-Torres AM. Developmental ecology of annual killifish Millerichthys robustus
(Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae). Dev Dyn 2017; 246:802-806. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Domínguez-Castanedo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Coyoacán D.F. México
| | | | - Ana María Rosales-Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la Reproducción, Dpto Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Coyoacán D.F. México
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24
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Polačik M, Janáč M. Costly defense in a fluctuating environment-sensitivity of annual Nothobranchius fishes to predator kairomones. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4289-4298. [PMID: 28649341 PMCID: PMC5478047 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipredator strategies increase the chances of survival of prey species but are subject to trade-offs and always come at a cost, one specific category being the "missed opportunity." Some animals that can modulate the timing of life-cycle events can also desynchronize this timing with the occurrence of a predator. In an unpredictable environment, such a modification may result in a mismatch with prevailing conditions, consequently leading to reproductive failure. In eastern Africa, temporary pools existing only during the rainy season are inhabited by annual fish of the genus Nothobranchius. We examined (i) the capability of multiple Nothobranchius populations and species to cease hatching when exposed to chemical cues from native fish predators and adult conspecifics and (ii) the ability of N. furzeri to modulate their growth rate in the presence of a gape-limited fish predator. As the tested Nothobranchius spp. originate from regions with extreme environmental fluctuations where the cost of a missed opportunity can be serious, we predicted an inability to cease hatching as well as lack of growth acceleration as both the predator's gape limitation and the environment select for the same adaptation. Our results showed no biologically relevant influence of kairomone on hatching and no influence on growth rate. This suggests that, in an unpredictable environment, the costs of a missed opportunity are substantial enough to prevent the evolution of some antipredator defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Janáč
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
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25
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Woll SC, Podrabsky JE. Insulin-like growth factor signaling regulates developmental trajectory associated with diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2777-2786. [PMID: 28515235 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Annual killifishes exhibit a number of unique life history characters including the occurrence of embryonic diapause, unique cell movements associated with dispersion and subsequent reaggregation of the embryonic blastomeres, and a short post-embryonic life span. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is known to play a role in the regulation of metabolic dormancy in a number of animals but has not been explored in annual killifishes. The abundance of IGF proteins during development and the developmental effects of blocking IGF signaling by pharmacological inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) were explored in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus Blocking of IGF signaling in embryos that would normally escape entrance into diapause resulted in a phenotype that was remarkably similar to that of embryos entering diapause. IGF-I protein abundance spikes during early development in embryos that will not enter diapause. In contrast, IGF-I levels remain low during early development in embryos that will enter diapause II. IGF-II protein is packaged at higher levels in escape-bound embryos compared with diapause-bound embryos. However, IGF-II levels quickly decrease and remain low during early development and only increase substantially during late development in both developmental trajectories. Developmental patterns of IGF-I and IGF-II protein abundance under conditions that would either induce or bypass entrance into diapause are consistent with a role for IGF signaling in the regulation of developmental trajectory and entrance into diapause in this species. We propose that IGF signaling may be a unifying regulatory pathway that explains the larger suite of characters that are associated with the complex life history of annual killifishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cody Woll
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Jason E Podrabsky
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
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26
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Reichard M, Blažek R, Polačik M, Vrtílek M. Hatching date variability in wild populations of four coexisting species of African annual fishes. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:827-837. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Czech Republic
| | - Matej Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Czech Republic
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27
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Carniatto N, Fugi R, Thomaz SM. Highly segregated trophic niche of two congeneric fish species in Neotropical floodplain lakes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1118-1125. [PMID: 27943343 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diets of two sympatric, morphologically similar species of Moenkhausia were studied to investigate whether the manner in which they exploit food resources can help to explain their coexistence. Fish diets were evaluated during the low-water season in six lakes of the upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). The results indicate that these two species segregate in relation to food resources and that the differential use of resources is probably a strategy that reduces competition during periods of a potential food shortage (the low-water season).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carniatto
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Nupélia, PEA, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - R Fugi
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Nupélia, PEA, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - S M Thomaz
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Nupélia, PEA, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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28
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Polačik M, Smith C, Reichard M. Maternal source of variability in the embryo development of an annual killifish. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:738-749. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - C. Smith
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews United Kingdom
- Bell-Pettigrew Museum of Natural History; University of St Andrews; St Andrews United Kingdom
| | - M. Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
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29
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Blažek R, Polačik M, Kačer P, Cellerino A, Řežucha R, Methling C, Tomášek O, Syslová K, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Albrecht T, Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Repeated intraspecific divergence in life span and aging of African annual fishes along an aridity gradient. Evolution 2016; 71:386-402. [PMID: 27859247 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Life span and aging are substantially modified by natural selection. Across species, higher extrinsic (environmentally related) mortality (and hence shorter life expectancy) selects for the evolution of more rapid aging. However, among populations within species, high extrinsic mortality can lead to extended life span and slower aging as a consequence of condition-dependent survival. Using within-species contrasts of eight natural populations of Nothobranchius fishes in common garden experiments, we demonstrate that populations originating from dry regions (with short life expectancy) had shorter intrinsic life spans and a greater increase in mortality with age, more pronounced cellular and physiological deterioration (oxidative damage, tumor load), and a faster decline in fertility than populations from wetter regions. This parallel intraspecific divergence in life span and aging was not associated with divergence in early life history (rapid growth, maturation) or pace-of-life syndrome (high metabolic rates, active behavior). Variability across four study species suggests that a combination of different aging and life-history traits conformed with or contradicted the predictions for each species. These findings demonstrate that variation in life span and functional decline among natural populations are linked, genetically underpinned, and can evolve relatively rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kačer
- Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Department of Neurosciences, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Fritz Lipmann Institute for Age Research, Leibniz Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Radomil Řežucha
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline Methling
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Tomášek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Terzibasi Tozzini
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Department of Neurosciences, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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Nezhybová V, Reichard M, Blažek R, Ondračková M. Metazoan parasites of African annual killifish (Nothobranchiidae): abundance, diversity, and their environmental correlates. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Nezhybová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
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31
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Lanés LEK, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Polačik M, Blažek R, Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Seasonal dynamics in community structure, abundance, body size and sex ratio in two species of Neotropical annual fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2345-2364. [PMID: 27607142 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven ephemeral pools on the coastal plain of southern Brazil were found to be inhabited by three annual and 22 non-annual fish species. Two common annual species (Austrolebias minuano and Cynopoecilus fulgens) exhibited clear seasonal dynamics, with the appearance of young fishes in the austral autumn (May to June) and a decline in abundance over the seasonal cycle. The third annual species, Austrolebias wolterstorffii, was rare. No seasonal dynamics were observed in non-annual fishes. The relative abundance of non-annual fishes compared with annual fishes increased over the seasonal cycle, but they coexisted widely. The size structure of annual fishes suggested the presence of a single age cohort in most pools though a second age cohort was registered in one pool in August, coinciding with a large flooding. Strong sexual dimorphism in body size was found in C. fulgens throughout the seasonal cycle, while no sexual dimorphism in body size was found in A. minuano. Female-biased sex ratios were recorded in both common annual fish species in the last three sampling dates (in spring), but not during the first two sampling dates (in winter). The natural lifespan of annual fishes was <8 months. Annual fishes disappeared before habitat desiccation in half of the pools, while non-annual fishes were still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E K Lanés
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Pampa-IPPAMPA, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R S Godoy
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L Maltchik
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Nothobranchius furzeri : A Model for Aging Research and More. Trends Genet 2016; 32:543-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Podrabsky JE, Wilson NE. Hypoxia and Anoxia Tolerance in the Annual Killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:500-9. [PMID: 27507238 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus are routinely exposed to oxygen limitation during development and are extremely tolerant of anoxia. Importantly, tolerance of anoxia is not strictly associated with entrance into metabolic dormancy associated with diapause II, but rather any embryo will respond to anoxia by entering into a state of anoxia-induced quiescence. Hypoxia causes a reduction in the rate of development, reduced heart rates, and reduced capacities for metabolic enzyme activity in both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Embryos of A. limnaeus begin life as oxyconformers, and transition into oxyregulators near the completion of embryonic development. As this transition occurs, extreme anoxia tolerance is lost. The rate of early development is independent of oxygen partial pressure, despite the fact that the embryos are oxyconformers. This suggests a contribution from anaerobic pathways to support early development. However, the specific pathways supporting this metabolism are unknown. The response of A. limnaeus embryos to hypoxia and anoxia is unique compared to other fishes and most other vertebrates, and thus future studies on this species may lend insight into novel mechanisms that support survival during prolonged oxygen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Podrabsky
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Natalie E Wilson
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
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34
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Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Female fecundity traits in wild populations of African annual fish: the role of the aridity gradient. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5921-31. [PMID: 27547365 PMCID: PMC4983602 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of life history is shaped by life expectancy. Life-history traits coevolve, and optimal states for particular traits are constrained by trade-offs with other life-history traits. Life histories contrast among species, but may also diverge intraspecifically, at the level of populations. We studied the evolution of female reproductive allocation strategy, using natural populations of two sympatric species of African annual fishes, Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus. These species inhabit pools in the Mozambican savanna that are formed in the rainy season and persist for only 2-10 months. Using 207 female N. furzeri from 11 populations and 243 female N. orthonotus from 14 populations, we tested the effects of genetic background (intraspecific lineage) and life expectancy (position on the aridity gradient determining maximum duration of their temporary habitat) on female fecundity traits. First, we found that variation in female body mass was small within populations, but varied considerably among populations. Second, we found that fecundity was largely defined by female body mass and that females spawned most of their eggs in the morning. Third, we found that the trade-off between egg size and egg number varied among lineages of N. furzeri and this outcome has been confirmed by data from two separate years. Overall, we demonstrate that local conditions were important determinants for Nothobranchius growth and fecundity and that eggs size in arid region was less limited by female fecundity than in humid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
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35
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Polačik M, Blažek R, Reichard M. Laboratory breeding of the short-lived annual killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1396-413. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Furness AI, Reznick DN, Springer MS, Meredith RW. Convergent evolution of alternative developmental trajectories associated with diapause in African and South American killifish. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2189. [PMID: 25631993 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual killifish adapted to life in seasonally ephemeral water-bodies exhibit desiccation resistant eggs that can undergo diapause, a period of developmental arrest, enabling them to traverse the otherwise inhospitable dry season. Environmental cues that potentially indicate the season can govern whether eggs enter a stage of diapause mid-way through development or skip this diapause and instead undergo direct development. We report, based on construction of a supermatrix phylogenetic tree of the order Cyprinodontiformes and a battery of comparative analyses, that the ability to produce diapause eggs evolved independently at least six times within African and South American killifish. We then show in species representative of these lineages that embryos entering diapause display significant reduction in development of the cranial region and circulatory system relative to direct-developing embryos. This divergence along alternative developmental pathways begins mid-way through development, well before diapause is entered, during a period of purported maximum developmental constraint (the phylotypic period). Finally, we show that entering diapause is accompanied by a dramatic reduction in metabolic rate and concomitant increase in long-term embryo survival. Morphological divergence during the phylotypic period thus allows embryos undergoing diapause to conserve energy by shunting resources away from energetically costly organs thereby increasing survival chances in an environment that necessitates remaining dormant, buried in the soil and surrounded by an eggshell for much of the year. Our results indicate that adaptation to seasonal aquatic environments in annual killifish imposes strong selection during the embryo stage leading to marked diversification during this otherwise conserved period of vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Furness
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Robert W Meredith
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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37
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Dealing with stochastic environmental variation in space and time: bet hedging by generalist, specialist, and diversified strategies. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Baker JA, Wund MA, Heins DC, King RW, Reyes ML, Foster SA. Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:322-34. [PMID: 26286665 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has been widely used to investigate the roles of both adaptive evolution and plasticity in behavioral and morphological divergence from the ancestral condition represented by present-day oceanic stickleback. These phenotypes tend to exhibit high levels of ecotypic differentiation. Population divergence in life history has also been well studied, but in contrast to behavior and morphology, the extent and importance of plasticity has been much less well studied. In this review, we summarize what is known about life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback, considering four traits intimately associated with reproductive output: age/size at maturation, level of reproductive effort, egg size and clutch size. We envision life-history plasticity in an iterative, ontogenetic framework, in which females may express plasticity repeatedly across each of several time frames. We contrast the results of laboratory and field studies because, for most traits, these approaches give somewhat different answers. We provide ideas on what the cues might be for observed plasticity in each trait and, when possible, we inquire about the relative costs and benefits to expressed plasticity. We end with an example of how we think plasticity may play out in stickleback life history given what we know of plasticity in the ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Baker
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M A Wund
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - D C Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R W King
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M L Reyes
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S A Foster
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
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39
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Furness AI. The evolution of an annual life cycle in killifish: adaptation to ephemeral aquatic environments through embryonic diapause. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:796-812. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Furness
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 U.S.A
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40
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Furness AI, Lee K, Reznick DN. Adaptation in a variable environment: Phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging during egg diapause and hatching in an annual killifish. Evolution 2015; 69:1461-1475. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Furness
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521
| | - David N. Reznick
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521
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41
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Cellerino A, Valenzano DR, Reichard M. From the bush to the bench: the annual
Nothobranchius
fishes as a new model system in biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:511-33. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cellerino
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore Department of Neurosciences Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
- Fritz Lipmann Institute for Age Research, Leibniz Institute Beutenbergstr. 11 D‐07745 Jena Germany
| | - Dario R. Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Joseph‐Stelzmann‐Str. 9b D‐50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
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42
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Johansson J, Kristensen NP, Nilsson JÅ, Jonzén N. The eco-evolutionary consequences of interspecific phenological asynchrony - a theoretical perspective. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Johansson
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Building; Lund Univ.; SE-22362 Lund Sweden
| | | | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Building; Lund Univ.; SE-22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Niclas Jonzén
- Dept of Biology, Ecology Building; Lund Univ.; SE-22362 Lund Sweden
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43
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Dolfi L, Ripa R, Cellerino A. Transition to annual life history coincides with reduction in cell cycle speed during early cleavage in three independent clades of annual killifish. EvoDevo 2014; 5:32. [PMID: 25276337 PMCID: PMC4177712 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annual killifishes inhabit temporary ponds and their embryos survive the dry season encased in the mud by entering diapause, a process that arrests embryonic development during hostile conditions. Annual killifishes are present within three clades distributed in Africa (one East and one West of the Dahomey gap) and South America. Within each of these phylogenetic clades, a non-annual clade is sister taxon to a annual clade and therefore represent an example of convergent evolution. Early cleavage of teleost embryos is characterized by a very fast cell cycle (15-30 minutes) and lack of G1 and G2 phases. Here, we decided to investigate rates of early cleavage in annual killifishes. In addition, we specifically tested whether also annual killifish embryos lack G1 and G2 phases. Results We used time lapse brightfield microscopy to investigate cell division kinetics during the first developmental stages of annual- and non-annual species belonging to the three different phylogenetic clades. Annual killifishes of all three clades showed cleavage times significantly longer when compared to their non-annual sister taxa (average 35 min vs. average 75 min). Using FUCCI fluorescent imaging of the cell cycle after microinjection in the annual species Nothobranchius furzeri, we demonstrate that the first 5 division are synchronous and do not show a G1 phase. Cell cycle synchronization is lost after the 5th cleavage division. Conclusions Our results show, for the first time, that cell cycle rate during cleavage, a trait thought to be rather evolutionary conserved can undergo convergent evolutionary change in response to variations in life-history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy ; Fritz Lipmann Institute for Age Research, Leibniz Institute, Leibniz, Germany
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44
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Reichard M, Polačik M, Blažek R, Vrtílek M. Female bias in the adult sex ratio of African annual fishes: interspecific differences, seasonal trends and environmental predictors. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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