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Torres CRG, Mailart MC, Moecke SE, Matuda AGN, Veloso SM, da Silva Ávila DM, Nicoló RD, Borges AB. Flowable bulk-fill versus layering restorative material on Class II restorations: A randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 148:105154. [PMID: 38942111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the clinical performance of Class II restorations made with flowable bulk-fill base versus conventional layering ORMOCER-based restorative material in a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. METHODS Thirty patients received two class II restorations (n = 60) performed with different strategies. All preparations received the application of the universal self-etching adhesive system according to the manufacturer's recommendation, followed by the placement of a sectional matrix, wooden wedge, and separation ring. The first restoration was performed using 4 mm of flowable bulk-fill material covered by 2 mm of conventional viscosity restorative material (Bulk-fill technique). The second restoration was performed only with the conventional viscosity material, with a maximum of 2 mm thick increments, up to fill the cavity (Layering technique). After occlusal adjustment, the same polishing system was used for all restorations. Evaluations using the FDI criteria were conducted after 7 days, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed with the Fisher's Exact test (α=0.05). RESULTS From 30 participants, 24 attended the 24-month recall, and 48 restorations were evaluated. All restorations received acceptable overall scores for esthetic and biological properties after this period, while only 6.66 % of the restorations exhibited unacceptable overall scores for the functional properties in both groups. No significant differences between the tested restorative materials and techniques were found for each FDI criterion assessed. The success rate after 2 years was 93.33 % for both groups. CONCLUSION Both restorative materials exhibited good clinical performance for the parameters analyzed with no differences between them after 24-month follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flowable bulk-fill ORMOCER-based material is a suitable alternative for direct Class II restorations, providing good clinical outcomes and simplifying the restorative procedure. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-6mvp9w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Elise Moecke
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guedes Nogueira Matuda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Mamede Veloso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Di Nicoló
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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Matos LMRD, Silva ML, Cordeiro TO, Cardoso SDAM, Campos DES, de Muniz IAF, Barros SADL, Seraidarian PI. Clinical and laboratorial performance of rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1281-1300. [PMID: 38563466 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to analyze the clinical (survival rate, failure risk, or fracture) and laboratory performance (fracture mode or failure) of rehabilitations of endodontically treated teeth, with and without posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey databases up to March 2023, according to PRISMA guidelines. In vitro and clinical studies that compared the clinical and laboratory performance of endodontically treated teeth with and without intraradicular posts were included. Studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias analysis were performed. RESULTS Thirty-one in vitro and 7 clinical studies were included. For in vitro studies, fiberglass post (n = 24) was the most mentioned. The follow-up time of the clinical studies ranged from 1 to 17 years, with the fiber-reinforced composite post (n = 3) being the most evaluated, and only failure risk proved to be more favorable for using intraradicular posts. CONCLUSION Rehabilitations of endodontically treated teeth with and without intraradicular retainers showed no difference in fracture resistance and failure mode, evaluated by in vitro studies. Clinical studies showed no difference in survival rate, but failure risk proved to be more favorable for the use of posts. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This analysis revealed significant variability between results, however, most laboratory and clinical studies revealed no difference with using the post. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the need to evaluate the coronary remnant and the general characteristics of the tooth in each situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Lopes Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Universitário Santo Agostinho, Teresina, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Thais Oliveira Cordeiro
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Universitário Santo Agostinho, Teresina, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Débora E Silva Campos
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Suelen Aline de Lima Barros
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Universitário Santo Agostinho, Teresina, Brazil
- Departamento de Prótese e Materiais dentärios, UNESP/FOAr, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paulo Isaias Seraidarian
- Departamento de Odontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Aracatuba, Brazil
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3
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Ellithy MS, Abdelrahman MH, Afifi RR. Comparative clinical evaluation between self-adhesive and conventional bulk-fill composites in class II cavities: A 1-year randomized controlled clinical study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1311-1325. [PMID: 38655672 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the clinical efficacy of self-adhesive bulk-fill Surefil One with a traditional bulk-fill composite in class II restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four direct class II composite restorations were categorized into two groups. Group I, control group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Filtek One bulk-fill composite with Scotchbond Universal (SBU) adhesive in self-etch mode, Group II, test group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Surefil One self-adhesive bulk-fill composite. The study involved a follow-up period of 1 year, during which restorations were assessed at baseline (BL), 6 months, and 12 months using Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. A comparison of restoration characteristics was performed utilizing the chi-square test (X2). The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Filtek One and Surefil One bulk-fill composites revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores over 12-month recalls. Thirty-two patients (64 restorations) were available for all follow-up visits; 100% of the restorations survived. For esthetic properties, Filtek One was far better than Surefil One at all time points. However, in terms of functional and biological properties, both restorations demonstrated comparable performances. CONCLUSIONS Filtek One bulk-fill restorations were superior in terms of surface luster, surface staining, color match, and translucency, but Surefil One restorations performed well and were similar to Filtek One restorations; however, additional advancements and research are needed to obtain better esthetics. Furthermore, longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to assess the clinical potential of both materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both Filtek One and Surefil One met the FDI criteria, with Filtek One demonstrating superior esthetic and functional qualities and similar performance regarding biological criteria. Both innovative restorative materials show potential for clinical use. Trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number; NCT06120868:07/11/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ellithy
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Abdelrahman
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania R Afifi
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Hatipoğlu Ö, Par M, Pertek Hatipoğlu F. Comparison of degree of conversion performance of bulk-fill resin composites: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024; 149:105289. [PMID: 39103073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically compile data on the degree of conversion (DC) for bulk-fill composites using a network meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search for in vitro studies of DC of bulk-fill composites was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey. Risk of bias within studies and due to missing evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoring system and ROB-MEN tool, respectively. The primary outcome was the DC of bulk-fill composites. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank relative performance. Inconsistencies in the model were investigated to ensure its validity and the level of confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The average DC values (%) for 0-h/top, 0-h/bottom, 24-h/top, and 24-h/bottom were 59.09, 57.14, 66.73, and 63.87, respectively. According to their SUCRA ranking, the best-performing composites were: SonicFill, Venus Bulk Fill, and SDR (0-h/top), Reveal HD, i-Flow Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk- Fill (0-h/bottom), Venus Bulk Fill, SDR, and QuiXfil (24-h/top), and Venus Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and i-Flow Bulk Fill (24-h/bottom). Incoherence between direct and indirect evidence was identified as the most significant factor affecting confidence. CONCLUSIONS DC values of bulk-fill composites were within the range commonly reported for previous generations of "conventional" composites, with flowable composites tending to perform better than sculptable composites. High variability in DC data was observed, which may be attributed to incompletely understood methodological differences. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DC is a fundamental parameter that influences multiple mechanical and biological properties of resin composites and is particularly relevant for the group of bulk-fill composites that are designed for use in thick layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
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5
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Nozari A, Pakniyat Jahromi M, Haji Abbas Oghli F, Jowkar Z, Hamidi SA. Influence of Different Application Modes of a Universal Adhesive System on the Bond Strength of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin to Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e947. [PMID: 39205379 PMCID: PMC11358215 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess how the application mode of a universal adhesive system affects the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins to enamel and dentin in primary teeth. METHODS A total of 80 caries-free primary second molars were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10) based on the bonding substrate (enamel or dentin), the application mode of the universal adhesive system (etch and rinse [E&R], or self-etch [SE]), and the type of composite resin used (bulk-fill or conventional). After bonding the composite resin to enamel or dentin, the μSBS of the bonded composite resins was measured. RESULTS The mean μSBS value of bulk-fill composite resin was significantly higher than that of conventional composite resin for both enamel and dentin substrates, regardless of the application mode (p < 0.001). An interaction effect between the bonding substrate and the application mode of the adhesive system was observed, indicating a significant relationship (p < 0.001). The highest μSBS values for primary teeth enamel were achieved using the E&R mode with bulk-fill composite resin, while for dentin specimens, the SE mode with bulk-fill composite resin yielded the highest μSBS values. The μSBS of the E&R group was significantly higher than that of the SE group for enamel specimens (p < 0.001), whereas the μSBS of the SE group was significantly higher than that of the E&R group for dentin specimens (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Bulk-fill composite resin demonstrated higher μSBS in comparison to conventional composite resin. The universal adhesive system exhibited superior performance in the SE mode compared to the E&R mode on primary dentin. Pre-etching the enamel before the application of the universal adhesive enhanced the μSBS to primary teeth enamel, highlighting the importance of selectively acid etching the enamel of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nozari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Maryam Pakniyat Jahromi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Farnaz Haji Abbas Oghli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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6
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Ribeiro M, Maucoski C, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of a 3-second Off-label Exposure on the Depth of Cure of Eight Resin-based Composites. Oper Dent 2024; 49:421-431. [PMID: 38978305 DOI: 10.2341/23-155-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the depth of cure (DoC) of eight resin-based composites (RBCs) photocured using one multipeak light-curing unit (LCU) on the standard output setting for the manufacturer's RBC recommended exposure time and at a higher irradiance for 3 seconds. METHODS Three conventional RBCs: Tetric EvoCeram (Evo), Tetric N-Ceram (Cer), Tetric Prime (Pri); and five bulk-fill: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (CerBF), Opus Bulk Fill APS (OpusBF), Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS (OpusF), Tetric PowerFill (PFill) and Tetric PowerFlow (PFlow) were examined. Only PFill and PFlow are formulated to be photocured in 3 seconds. The RBCs were packed into a metal mold and photocured using a Bluephase PowerCure LCU for the RBC manufacturer's recommended exposure time on the standard mode and using the 3-second high irradiance mode. After photocuring, the specimens were immersed in a solvent for 1 hour. The length of the remaining RBC was measured and divided by 2. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test (α=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the DoC values for PFill and PFlow when photocured using the 3-second high irradiance protocol compared to the lower irradiance standard mode protocol. All other RBCs had significantly lower DoC values (p<0.001) when photocured off-label using the 3-second high irradiance mode. CONCLUSION Of the eight RBCs tested, only PFill and PFlow achieved the same DoC when the high irradiance 3-second curing method was used compared to when their longer lower irradiance protocol was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mth Ribeiro
- Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C Maucoski
- Cristiane Maucoski, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R B Price
- Richard Bengt Price, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos José Soares, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Biomechanics Research Center, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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7
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Alshabib A, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Aldosary K, Tsujimoto A, Algamaiah H. Mechanical properties and degree of conversion of resin-based core build-up materials and short fiber-reinforced flowable resin-based composite. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:453-459. [PMID: 38692907 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), surface hardness (SH), and flexural strength (FS) of resin-based core build-up materials. Core build-up materials used were: MultiCore Flow (MCF); Activa (ACT); Core-X Flow (CXF); and everX flow (EVX), and DC, SH and FS were measured. An increase of DC was identified for all materials post-cure, except for EVX. The DC change percentage ranged from 5%-33%, and EVX was displayed the greatest DC rate. All materials displayed an SH increase after 30 days and the greatest increase was observed in ACT. At 1 h, the SH of EVX and CXF was different from the other materials. At 30 days, MCF displayed the greatest SH. All materials displayed an increase in their FS after 30 days except for EVX, and ranging 3%-36% were noticed. Differences observed between materials, thus clinician should be acquainted mechanical properties of these materials to ensure the success of the restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry
| | - Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba
- Center for Implant, Esthetic, and Innovative Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Khalid Aldosary
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Saudi University College of Dentistry
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Sampaio CS, Abreu JLBD, Kornfeld B, Silva EMD, Giannini M, Hirata R. Short curing time bulk fill composite systems: volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion and Vickers hardness. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e030. [PMID: 38597548 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate volumetric polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion and Vickers hardness of four bulk-fill resin composites light-activated with their dedicated light curing units (LCUs). Four groups were evaluated, according to the type of composite and curing mode: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-fill (TEBO) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk-fill (TEBF) were light-activated with Bluephase Style 20i (20s, in high-mode), while Tetric Powerfill (TEPO) and Tetric Powerflow (TEPF) were light-activated with Bluephase PowerCure (3s). Volumetric polymerization shrinkage test (n = 6) was performed in standardized box-shaped class-I cavities of extracted third molars (4 x 4 x 4 mm). Teeth were scanned before and after resin composite application by micro-computed tomography, and acquired data were evaluated with Amira software. Degree of conversion (n = 5) was evaluated at the top and bottom surfaces of composite cylindric samples (4 mm diameter, 4 mm thickness) using an FT-IR spectrometer (spectra between 1,500 and 1,800 cm-1, 40 scans at a resolution of 4 cm-1). Three Vickers indentations (50 g / 15 s), spaced 500 μm apart, were performed on the top and bottom composite surfaces and averaged. One-way ANOVA was used for data evaluation. TEPF showed the lowest volumetric polymerization shrinkage (p < 0.05), while the other composites were not significantly different within each other (p > 0.05). All materials presented a significant decrease in degree of conversion and Vickers hardness when compared top to bottom surfaces (p < 0.05). Bottom to top surface ratios for degree of conversion ranged from 0.8 (TEBO and TEPO) to 0.9 (TEBF and TEPF), and from 0.4 (TEPO) to 0.7 (TEBF and TEPF) for hardness. In conclusion, resinous materials present a decrease in hardness and degree of conversion from top to bottom even when a higher power is used, while the flowable material TEPF showed the lowest volumetric shrinkage values compared to the other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Sobral Sampaio
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Advanced Clinical Fellowship in Aesthetics, Operative and Digital Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - João Luiz Bittencourt de Abreu
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry, Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Batsheva Kornfeld
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry, Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Hirata
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York, NY, USA
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Souza TJSD, Freitas ADS, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, Rabello TB. Does the use of preheated restorative resin composite as a luting agent influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:384-391. [PMID: 35300849 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although studies have explored the physical and mechanical properties of different composite resins with the preheating technique, evidence that the use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent influences the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the question: Does the use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses? MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven databases and nonpeer-reviewed literature were searched, without language or year restrictions. Studies directly comparing the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses cemented with preheated restorative composite resin or resin cement were considered eligible for inclusion. Assessment of the risk of bias was based on a 9-item checklist. RESULTS Of 2109 retrieved articles, 4 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of them concluded that preheated restorative composite resin produced a greater mismatch than resin cement, and the remaining study reported that composite resin improved the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses. All included studies had a medium risk of bias. The high level of heterogeneity among the studies precluded meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent seems to negatively influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses. It was not possible to evaluate whether variables such as the formulation of the resin material or its heating time and temperature influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses because of the high heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Jardim Serra de Souza
- Masters student in Operative Dentistry, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva Freitas
- Masters student in Operative Dentistry, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Masterson Tavares Pereira Ferreira
- Doctoral student, Health Information and Communication, Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technological in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Full Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Braga Rabello
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lima RBW, Muniz IDAF, Campos DES, Murillo-Gómez F, Andrade AKMD, Duarte RM, de Souza GM. Effect of universal adhesives and self-etch ceramic primers on bond strength to glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:392-402. [PMID: 35282935 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM To simplify dental procedures, multicomponent products such as universal adhesives and self-etch ceramic primers have been recommended for glass-ceramic bonding; however, studies have shown a wide range of results. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the in vitro bond strength promoted by hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesives and a self-etch ceramic primer to glass-ceramics and compare it with that of conventional treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and ISI Web of Science databases up to April 2021. In vitro studies assessing the resin-mediated bond to glass-ceramics by using a self-etch ceramic primer and hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesives and/or compared with traditional hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primers were included. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk-of-bias analysis were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by using a review management software program using a random effects model (α=.05). RESULTS A total of 33 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 26 studies in the quantitative analysis. Bond strength to lithium disilicate ceramic was higher when a hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer was used than when using a hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesive (P<.05), except when 9% to 10% acid concentration was used in combination with static aging (P=.100). A self-etch ceramic primer promoted bond strength values to lithium disilicate that were similar to those of the hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer (P>.100). CONCLUSIONS Hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesive was not as effective as the hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer in promoting bond strength to glass-ceramic. Bond strength values generated by a self-etch ceramic primer to glass-ceramic were similar to those generated by the conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isis de Araújo Ferreira Muniz
- Doctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Débora E Silva Campos
- Doctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabián Murillo-Gómez
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica- UCR, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Marques Duarte
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Grace Mendonça de Souza
- Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Elawsya ME, Montaser MA, El-Wassefy NAM, Zaghloul NM. Two-year clinical performance of dual- and light-cure bulk-fill resin composites in Class ӀӀ restorations: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:138. [PMID: 38321228 PMCID: PMC10847201 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of dual- and light-cure bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) in Class ӀӀ restorations after 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted following the CONSORT (Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials) guidelines. Forty patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient received three compound Class ӀӀ restorations. One dual-cure (Fill-Up; Coltene Waledent AG) and two light-cure (QuiXfil; Dentsply, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill; Ivoclar Vivadent) BFRCs were used for 120 Class ӀӀ restorations. A universal adhesive (ONE COAT 7 UNIVERSAL; Coltene Waledent AG) was used with all restorations. Restorations were clinically evaluated after 1 week (baseline), 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and finally after 24 months using the FDI World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between BFRCs groups at baseline and at each recall period, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparing different follow-up times of each BFRC to baseline. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS All BFRCs restorations showed only minor changes and revealed no statistically significant differences between their clinical performance for all evaluated parameters at all recall periods; also, there was no statistically significant difference between all recall periods and baseline for all evaluated parameters. CONCLUSION The two-year clinical performance of dual-cure BFRC was comparable to light-cure BFRCs in Class ӀӀ restorations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dual- and light-cure BFRCs showed excellent clinical performance in Class ӀӀ restorations after a 2-year clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elshirbeny Elawsya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt.
| | - Marmar Ahmed Montaser
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdel-Mawla El-Wassefy
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura National University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia Mohamed Zaghloul
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
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12
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Otani AC, Pattussi MP, Spohr AM, Grossi ML. Evaluation of the ceramic laminate veneer-tooth interface after different resin cement excess removal techniques. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:136. [PMID: 38319457 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare, in vitro, resin cement excess removal techniques at the veneer-tooth interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anterior human teeth were restored with ceramic veneers and randomly divided according to the following techniques (n = 10): removal of excess resin cement with brush and dental floss, followed by light-curing with Valo (Group 1) or Elipar (Group 2) for 1 min and 40 s; tack-curing with Valo (Group 3) or Elipar (Group 4) for 1 s; and tack-curing with Valo (Group 5) or Elipar (Group 6) for 5 s. The tack-curing was followed by removal of excess with probe and dental floss and light-curing for 1 min and 40 s. The area of excess resin cement (mm2) was measured in micro-CT images using AutoCAD program. The failures at the cervical margin in the X, Y, and Z axes (µm) of greater value were measured using the DataViewer program. The specimens were submitted to microleakage with 2% basic fuchsin. RESULTS According to the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison test, the highest area of excess resin cement was found in Group 1 (5.06 mm2), which did not differ statistically from Groups 2 (3.70 mm2) and 5 (2.19 mm2). Groups 2, 3 (1.73 mm2), 4 (1.14 mm2), and 5 (2.18 mm2) did not differ statistically. Group 6 (0.77 mm2) obtained the lowest value, which did not differ statistically from Groups 3 and 4. According to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test, there was no significant difference in failures in X (p = 0.981), Y (p = 0.860), and Z (p = 0.638) axes and no significant difference in microleakage (p = 0.203) among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Tack-curing for 1 s or 5 s, followed by removal of excess resin cement using a probe and a dental floss, tended to result in a lower amount of excess material around the margin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The technique used for resin cement excess removal influences the amount of excess leaved at the veneer-tooth interface. Tack-curing for 1 s or 5 s is recommended to mitigate the excess resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Campos Otani
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Block 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Vale do Rio dos Sinos University (UNISINOS), Avenida Unisinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 950, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Spohr
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Block 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Lima Grossi
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Block 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
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13
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Neto HNM, Leite JVC, de Medeiros JM, E Silva Campos D, de Araújo Ferreira Muniz I, De Andrade AKM, Duarte RM, De Souza GM, Lima RBW. Scoping review: Effect of surface treatments on bond strength of resin composite repair. J Dent 2024; 140:104737. [PMID: 37816488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the existing evidence on surface treatment techniques employed in resin composite repair and their effect on the repair short- and long-term bond strength. DATA AND SOURCE This scoping review was performed under the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews and registered on the Open Science Framework platform. STUDY SELECTION A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus and grey literature up to September 2022 without language or date restriction. In vitro studies comparing mechanical surface and/or chemical treatments on repair bond strength of resin composite were included. Studies evaluating experimental adhesive systems or resin composites were excluded. Selection of studies and data extraction were performed. Data from selected studies was qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 76 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Among the mechanical treatments, alumina blasting was the most frequently used, followed by silica coating and diamond bur. As for chemical treatments, dentin bonding systems were the most frequently evaluated, followed by universal adhesive systems and silane/ceramic primer. The combination of mechanical and chemical pre-treatments increased the repair bond strength of resin composite in both short- and long-term simulated aging scenarios. The evidence obtained from the included studies was classified as moderate quality, mainly due to the medium risk of bias observed across most of the studies. CONCLUSION The techniques used to treat the surface of resin composites for repair are diverse. Incorporating a combination of mechanical and chemical pre-treatments resulted in superior repair bond strength of resin composite materials under both short- and long-term simulated aging conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The analysis of evidence revealed significant variability among protocols for repairing resin composites. Utilizing both mechanical and chemical pre-treatment methods is important for enhancing the bond strength of resin composites during both short- and long-term simulated aging situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosângela Marques Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João, Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Grace Mendonça De Souza
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville (UofL), Louisville, KY, USA.
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Leinonen KM, Leinonen J, Bolstad NL, Tanner T, Al-Haroni M, Johnsen JAK. Procedure time and filling quality for bulk-fill base and conventional incremental composite techniques-A randomised controlled in vitro trial. J Dent 2023; 138:104725. [PMID: 37742811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this randomised controlled laboratory trial were to determine the procedure time and immediate quality (surface porosity and marginal gaps) of fillings placed using the bulk-fill base technique and the conventional incremental technique in simulated clinical settings. METHODS Forty-two dentists and dental students were randomly allocated to use either the bulk-fill base technique or the conventional incremental technique to fill an identical class II disto-occlusal cavity in a maxillary left first molar typodont tooth. We recorded the time the participants used to fill the cavity and evaluated the surface porosity and marginal gaps on the approximal surfaces of the fillings using a stereomicroscope and specific probes according to the FDI criteria for restoration evaluation. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests. RESULTS The median time ± interquartile range was 186 ± 80 s for the bulk-fill base technique and 463 ± 156 s for the conventional incremental technique (p < 0.001). The quality of the fillings was better for the bulk-fill base technique than for the conventional incremental technique (X2 = 9.5, p = 0.002). Neither operator experience nor the usual technique of choice were associated with the procedure time or the quality of the fillings. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the conventional incremental technique, the use of the bulk-fill base technique shortened the time to fill a cavity by 59.8 % or 4 min and 36 s, and it improved the immediate surface and marginal quality of the fillings, regardless of the operator's experience or technique preference. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of the bulk-fill base technique instead of the conventional incremental technique leads to significant time-savings when placing large class II composite fillings. Additionally, the use of the bulk-fill base technique instead of the conventional incremental technique improves the immediate quality of large class II composite fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Leinonen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne 3, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Leinonen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne 3, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Napat L Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tarja Tanner
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mohammed Al-Haroni
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan-Are K Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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15
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Maghaireh GA, Albashaireh ZS, Allouz HA. Postoperative sensitivity in posterior restorations restored with self-adhesive and conventional bulk-fill resin composites: A randomized clinical split-mouth trial. J Dent 2023; 137:104655. [PMID: 37562757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the postoperative sensitivity (POS) of a self-adhesive bulk-fill resin composite with that of a conventional bulk-fill resin composite in posterior restorations. METHODS Class I and II (n = 166) cavities of at least 3 mm depth, in 83 participants were restored by: (TEST: Surefil one™ Self-Adhesive bulk-fill (n = 83); and CONTROL: Filtek™ Bulk-Fill posterior composites (n = 83). The presence and intensity of POS associated with the restorations was evaluated at 24 h, 1 week and 1 month intervals using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Comparisons of POS presence between the two treatment groups were made using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, while Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used to compare the intensity of POS (α=0.05). RESULTS Forty-two of participants (25.3%; 95% CI 19.3 to 32.4) reported presence of POS after 24 h and none of the participants reported POS after 1 month. The presence of POS was not significantly affected by the restorative material after 24 h, 1 week and 1 month (p>0.05). After 1 week, the participants in the Surefil one™ group reported significantly less intensity of POS than the participants in the Filtek™ Bulk-Fill group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The use of Surefil one™ self-adhesive resin composite did not significantly increase the presence of POS compared to the use of the conventional bulk-fill resin composite. However, the intensity of POS was significantly less in the Surefil one ™ group after one week. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a self-adhesive bulk-fill resin composite in posterior restorations did not increase the presence of POS more than the use of a conventional bulk-fill resin composite. However, it decreased the intensity of POS after one week. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; the registration number is NCT05567263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Maghaireh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science &Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Zakereyya S Albashaireh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science &Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hadeel A Allouz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science &Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Dietschi D, Askari M, Rossier I, Caseiro L, Krejci I, Leprince JG, Di Bella E, Ardu S. Marginal Adaptation of In Vitro Class II Restorations Made Out of Bulk or Conventional Composite Using Single- or Multi-Layered Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6325. [PMID: 37763602 PMCID: PMC10533156 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Testing the influence of various restorative materials (conventional or bulkfill composites) and filling techniques (single- or multi-layered techniques) on the in vitro marginal adaptation of large class II direct composites with supra and sub-gingival margins subjected to thermomechanical loading (TML). Methods: A total of 40 prepared teeth were attributed randomly to five experimental groups. In Group 1, restorations were made of multi-layered high-viscosity conventional composite (Tetric EvoCeram); in Groups 2 and 3, restorations were made of a high viscosity bulkfill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) applied in one (Group 2) or three layers (Group 3); in Groups 4 and 5, restorations were made of a flowable bulkfill composite (SDR flow) applied in one (Group 4) or two layers (Group 5), covered with a layer of high-viscosity conventional composite (Ceram-X Universal). A single adhesive (OptiBond FL) was used in all groups. All specimens were submitted to a staged TML comprising three phases (2 × 500,000 and 1,000,000 cycles) at 50 N with 3350 thermal cycles (5 to 55 °C) every 500,000 cycles. The tooth-restoration interfaces on proximal surfaces were evaluated quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy, before and after each TML phase, hence at three timepoints (T0, T1, T2 and T3). The following segments were considered for evaluation: proximal, vertical enamel margins (assessed individually on both restoration sides), cervical enamel (restoration side above CEJ) and cervical dentin margin (restoration side below the CEJ). Results: TML induced a significant reduction in continuous adaptation at both enamel and dentin margins in all groups, with percentages of continuous margins ranging from 75.2 to 91.8% at T0, and decreasing to values ranging from 21.3 to 73.9% at T3. Both composite systems and layering protocols had a significant influence on marginal adaptation of the restorations, with statistical associations depending on the restoration group and the timepoint considered. Defective margins in enamel were all of a cohesive nature with micro-fractures, while in dentin, interfacial gaps were the main defect observed. Conclusions/Clinical significance: The present results highlighted significant degradation of marginal adaption after long-term in vitro fatigue test using materials even with high-viscosity conventional resin composites, applied with a proper layering approach in medium-large sub-gingival cavities. While no significant differences were observed at the dentin cervical margins, there was a tendency for better adaptation at the enamel margin when using a higher modulus material with a multi-layered technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Dietschi
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Mustafa Askari
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Isaline Rossier
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Luciana Caseiro
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Ivo Krejci
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Julian Gregoire Leprince
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Enrico Di Bella
- Department of Political and International Studies, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ardu
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
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17
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Campos DES, Ferreira Muniz ÍDA, da Costa TKVL, Lima RBW, Neppelenbroek KH, Batista AUD. Effect of simulated brushing with dentifrices on surface roughness and the mass loss of acrylic resin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00437-7. [PMID: 37612194 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Brushing with dentifrice is the most commonly used denture cleaning method. However, it can result in the mass loss of acrylic resin and an increase in surface roughness, which favors the adherence of microorganisms. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to assess the influence of simulated brushing by using dentifrices and water on surface roughness and the mass loss of acrylic resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, Open Gray, and Google Scholar databases in September 2022. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI number 10.17605/OSF.IO/QD4GH). Meta-analysis was performed by using a random effects model (α=.05) in the RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration) software program. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 2 studies in the quantitative synthesis. The manual toothbrush was the most analyzed (n=9), followed by the electric toothbrush (n=5) and denture brush (n=1). Denture base resin (n=8) was evaluated more than acrylic resin for the abrasiveness of toothpaste (n=6). Most studies used conventional toothpaste (n=12), whereas 6 used specific dentifrices. The period of brushing corresponding to 1 year was the most predominant (n=6). Surface roughness (n=13) was evaluated more than mass loss (n=4). In general, dentifrices resulted in greater surface roughness than water. According to meta-analysis results, brushing by using dentifrices reported higher mass loss values than brushing with distilled water (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing acrylic resins with dentifrice was more abrasive than brushing with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora E Silva Campos
- PhD student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Ulisses Dantas Batista
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
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Shimokawa CAK, Carneiro PMA, Lobo TRDS, Braga RR, Turbino ML, Matos AB. Comparison between a bulk-fill resin-based composite and three luting materials on the cementation of fiberglass-reinforced posts. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e30. [PMID: 37675445 PMCID: PMC10477424 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study verified the possibility of cementing fiberglass-reinforced posts using a flowable bulk-fill composite (BF), comparing its push-out bond strength and microhardness with these properties of 3 luting materials. Materials and Methods Sixty endodontically treated bovine roots were used. Posts were cemented using conventional dual-cured cement (CC); self-adhesive cement (SA); dual-cured composite (RC); and BF. Push-out bond strength (n = 10) and microhardness (n = 5) tests were performed after 1 week and 4 months of storage. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 1-way ANOVA, t-test, and Tukey post-hoc tests were applied for the push-out bond strength and microhardness results; and Pearson correlation test was applied to verify the correlation between push-out bond strength and microhardness results (α = 0.05). Results BF presented higher push-out bond strength than CC and SA in the cervical third before aging (p < 0.01). No differences were found between push-out bond strength before and after aging for all the luting materials (p = 0.84). Regarding hardness, only SA presented higher values measured before than after aging (p < 0.01). RC and BF did not present 80% of the maximum hardness at the apical regions. A strong positive correlation was found between the luting materials' push-out bond strength and microhardness (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.7912). Conclusions The BF presented comparable or higher push-out bond strength and microhardness than the luting materials, which indicates that it could be used for cementing resin posts in situations where adequate light curing is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamile Rocha da Silva Lobo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Míriam Lacalle Turbino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Lima RBW, Melo AMDS, Dias JDN, Barbosa LMM, Santos JVDN, Souza GMD, Andrade AKM, Assunção IVD, Borges BCD. Are polywave light-emitting diodes more effective than monowave ones in the photoactivation of resin-based materials containing alternative photoinitiators? A systematic review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105905. [PMID: 37201225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to analyze if using polywave light-emitting diodes (LED) to photoactivate resin-based materials (resin composites, adhesive systems, and resin cements) containing alternative photoinitiators provide better physicochemical properties than monowave ones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Inclusion criteria were in vitro studies that evaluated the degree of conversion, microhardness and flexural strength in resin-based materials containing alternative photoinitiators and light-activated with mono and polywave LEDs. Exclusion criteria were studies that evaluated the physicochemical properties of composites through any material interposed between the LED and the resin composite and studies that exclusively compared different modes and/or light activation times. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk-of-bias analysis was performed. Data from selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. A systematic search was performed in June 2021 using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases and grey literature without language restriction. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Nine studies used diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) as an alternative photoinitiator for resin composite. Polywave LED improved the degree of conversion of resin composite compared to monowave in 9 of the included studies. Polywave LED improved the microhardness of resin composite compared to monowave in 7 of the included studies. Polywave LED improved the degree of conversion for 11 studies and microhardness of resin composite compared to monowave for 7 included studies. No differences in the flexural strength medium between poly and monowave LEDs were observed. The evidence was graded as low quality due to the high risk of bias for 11 studies. CONCLUSION The existing studies, with their limitations, revealed that the polywave light-emitting diode maximizes activation, resulting in a higher degree of double-bond conversion and microhardness of resin composites containing alternative photoinitiators. However, the flexural strength of these materials is not influenced by the type of light activation device.
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20
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Alharbi R, Alharbi E, Al-Haj Ali SN, Farah RI. Thickness-Dependent Light Transmittance and Temperature Rise in Dual-Cure Bioactive and Light-Cure Bulk-Fill Composite Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447483 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the light transmittance (T) and temperature increase through different increments of dual-cure bioactive bulk-fill restorative material (ACTIVA), light-cure bulk-fill, and conventional composite resin materials. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 8 mm and heights of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm of ACTIVA, Tetric-N-Ceram bulk-fill (TBF), Filtek One bulk-fill (FBF), and Filtek Z250 (FZ) (n = 6 per group, 96 in total) were light-cured with a visible blue low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) (650-800 mW/cm2 irradiance). T, and the temperature increase, were measured using an optical power meter and a digital thermometer during curing. The T mean values ranged between 0.012 and 0.239 (76.02 to 98.81% light attenuation), while the temperature rise mean values ranged between 9.02 and 20.80 °C. The parameters, including material type (partial eta squared (ηp2) = 0.284, p < 0.0001), thickness (ηp2 = 0.284, p < 0.0001), and their interaction (ηp2 = 0.185, p = 0.047), significantly affected the T values, whereas only the material type (ηp2 = 0.352, p = 0.047) affected the temperature rise values. The T and temperature rise mean values were highest in ACTIVA increments of 1-mm increments, in particular, showing the highest T mean values, followed by similar increments of TBF. A significantly higher T was found in 1-mm increments compared to thicker increments for all materials (p < 0.0001), and a significant positive correlation existed between T and temperature rise values (r = 0.348, p = 0.001). These findings show that the bioactive material ACTIVA and TBF allow for better T than the other materials, with ACTIVA recording a higher temperature rise. However, the large light attenuation observed for all materials, irrespective of thickness, suggests that curing in more than one location with a low-intensity LED is necessary to optimize the curing process. Furthermore, incremental filling of bulk-fill materials using a low intensity LED could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Alharbi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al Mulayda 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid Alharbi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al Mulayda 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa N Al-Haj Ali
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al Mulayda 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ra'fat I Farah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al Mulayda 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Silva G, Marto CM, Amaro I, Coelho A, Sousa J, Ferreira MM, Francisco I, Vale F, Oliveiros B, Carrilho E, Paula AB. Bulk-Fill Resins versus Conventional Resins: An Umbrella Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2613. [PMID: 37376259 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, composite resins have become the material of choice for the restoration of posterior teeth. Although bulk-fill resins represent a tempting alternative due to their lower complexity and faster use, some dentists are reluctant to use this material. The objective is to compare the performance of bulk-fill resins and conventional resins in direct restorations of posterior teeth based on the literature. The databases that were used to carry out the research were PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the WOS. This umbrella literature review complies with PRISMA standards and assesses the quality of studies using the AMSTAR 2 tool. With the application of the criteria of the AMSTAR 2 tool, the reviews were considered low to moderate. The overall meta-analysis, although without statistical significance, favours mostly the use of conventional resin, as it is about five times more likely to obtain a favourable result than bulk-fill resin. Bulk-fill resins result in a simplification of the clinical process of posterior direct restorations, which is an advantage. The performance in terms of several properties of bulk-fill resins and conventional resins showed that they present similar behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Silva
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Amaro
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sousa
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Francisco
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Vale
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (LBIM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE-MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology (CIBB), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Wylie ME, Parashos P, Fernando JR, Palamara J, Sloan AJ. Biological considerations of dental materials as orifice barriers for restoring root-filled teeth. Aust Dent J 2023; 68 Suppl 1:S82-S95. [PMID: 37607102 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
There is ample published literature regarding the technical aspects of restoring root-filled teeth, but little concerning the biological impacts, consequences, and criteria for the selection of direct restorative materials following endodontic treatment. The provision of an effective coronal seal in addition to a sound root filling is known to be important in the prevention of root canal infection. This review seeks to explore the evidence concerning the selection of dental materials in the restoration of root-filled teeth, specifically with a close examination of the properties of commonly used materials as orifice barriers. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wylie
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J R Fernando
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jea Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A J Sloan
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Hirata R, Sampaio CS, Atria PJ, Giannini M, Coelho PG, Yamaguchi S. Effect of High-radiant Emittance and Short Curing Time on Polymerization Shrinkage Vectors of Bulk Fill Composites. Oper Dent 2023; 48:51-58. [PMID: 36534034 DOI: 10.2341/20-167-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of short curing time using a high-radiant emittance light on polymerization shrinkage vectors in different consistency bulk-fill composites (BFRCs) using micro-computed tomography. METHODS AND MATERIALS Radiopaque zirconia fillers were homogeneously incorporated and functioned as radiopaque tracers into two regular-paste: TBFill (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) and TPFill (Tetric PowerFill), and two flowable (n=6): TBFlow (Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill) and TPFlow (Tetric PowerFlow) resin composites. Class I cavities (4 mm depth × 4 mm length × 4 mm width) were 3D-printed and filled in a single increment: TBFill and TBFlow were light-activated using a Bluephase Style 20i (10 seconds in high-mode); TPFill and TPFlow were light-activated using a Bluephase PowerCure (three seconds). The same adhesive system (Adhese Universal) was used for all groups. Microcomputed tomography scans were obtained before and after light-activation. Filler particle movement was identified by polymerization shrinkage vectors at five depths (from 0-4 mm): top, top-middle, middle, middle-bottom and bottom. RESULTS TPFlow showed the lowest total vector displacement, followed by TBFlow, TBFill and TPFill, significantly different among each other (p<0.05). Generally, BFRCs showed decreased vector displacement with increased depth, and higher displacement at the top-surface (p<0.05). Qualitative analysis showed a similar pattern of vector magnitude and displacement for groups TBFill and TPFill, with displacement vectors on occlusal (top) surfaces toward the center of the restoration from the top to middle areas, and relatively limited displacement at the bottom. TBFlow and TPFlow showed more displacement on the occlusal (top). CONCLUSIONS Short curing time with high-radiant emittance on fast-curing BFRCs was shown to be a feasible option in terms of vector displacement. Flowable BFRCs presented lower vector displacement than their regular-viscosity versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hirata
- Ronaldo Hirata, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY USA
| | - C S Sampaio
- *Camila S Sampaio, DDS, MD, PhD, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - P J Atria
- Pablo J Atria, DDS, MS, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Giannini
- Marcelo Giannini, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - P G Coelho
- Paulo G. Coelho, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - S Yamaguchi
- Satoshi Yamaguchi, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Odum NC, Ross JT, Citrin NS, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A. Fast Curing with High-power Curing Lights Affects Depth of Cure and Post-gel Shrinkage and Increases Temperature in Bulk-fill Composites. Oper Dent 2023; 48:98-107. [PMID: 36445972 DOI: 10.2341/21-160-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-power LED curing lights and bulk-fill resin composites are intended to reduce chair time. This study investigated depth of cure, post-gel shrinkage (responsible for shrinkage stress), and heat generation in bulk-fill composites when cured according to minimum curing times recommended by manufacturers of curing lights and composites. METHODS A regular LED curing light (Demi Ultra, 1350 mW/cm2, Kerr Dental) and two LED curing lights with high-power modes (VALO Grand, 3117 mW/cm2 Xtra Power, Ultradent; and Bluephase PowerCure, 2435 mW/cm2 Turbo and 3344 mW/cm2 3sCure, Ivoclar Vivadent) were tested on three bulk-fill composites (Filtek One Bulk Fill, 3M Oral Care Solutions; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent; Tetric Powerfill, Ivoclar Vivadent). Using minimum times recommended by manufacturers (3, 5, 6, 10, or 20 seconds), depth of cure was determined by Vickers hardness of specimens cured in a slot (n=10). Post-gel polymerization shrinkage was measured using a strain gauge (n=10) and temperature with a thermocouple (n=5). Results were analyzed using two- and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise comparisons or Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Curing lights and curing protocols significantly affected depth of cure, post-gel shrinkage, and temperature rise (p<0.001). Cure decreased with depth whereby best overall curing performance was achieved by the 20 second exposure at lowest irradiance (Demi Ultra). Fast curing (3-5 seconds) at high irradiance resulted in lesser depth-of-cure performance, except for the BluePhase-Tetric PowerFill combination. Post-gel shrinkage was higher in all composites when cured at high irradiance (p<0.001), while heat generated also tended to be higher. CONCLUSIONS Although the high-power LED curing lights advertise time savings, not all manufacturer recommended minimum curing times cured bulk-fill materials to the same extent. Moreover, these time savings came at a cost of higher post-gel shrinkage and generated more heat in the bulk-fill composites than the lower irradiance curing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Odum
- Nicholas C Odum, BS, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J T Ross
- Jason T Ross, BS, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - N S Citrin
- Nechama S Citrin, DMD, MS, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Tantbirojn
- Daranee Tantbirojn, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Versluis
- *Antheunis Versluis, PhD, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Patussi AFC, Ramacciato JC, da Silva JGR, Nascimento VRP, Campos DES, de Araújo Ferreira Munizz I, de Souza GM, Lima RBW. Preheating of dental composite resins: A scoping review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:646-656. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora e Silva Campos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | | | - Grace M. de Souza
- Departament of Comprehensive Dentistry University Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
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26
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Resin Composites in Posterior Teeth: Clinical Performance and Direct Restorative Techniques. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120222. [PMID: 36547038 PMCID: PMC9777426 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin composites are the most versatile restorative materials used in dentistry and the first choice for restoring posterior teeth. This article reviews aspects that influence the clinical performance of composite restorations and addresses clinically relevant issues regarding different direct techniques for restoring posterior teeth that could be performed in varied clinical situations. The article discusses the results of long-term clinical trials with resin composites and the materials available in the market for posterior restorations. The importance of photoactivation is presented, including aspects concerning the improvement of the efficiency of light-curing procedures. With regard to the restorative techniques, the article addresses key elements and occlusion levels for restoring Class I and Class II cavities, in addition to restorative strategies using different shades/opacities of resin composites in incremental techniques, restorations using bulk-fill composites, and shade-matching composites.
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27
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Vertuan M, Mosquim V, Guimarães GMDF, Obeid AT, Bombonatti JFS, Ishikiriama SK, Furuse AY. The stamp technique for direct restoration in a ICDAS 4 carious lesion: A 4-year follow-up. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:442-448. [PMID: 36161755 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case report described the use of a stamping technique associated with a bulk fill composite to restore an ICDAS 4 carious lesion on a posterior tooth. The 4-year follow-up is also presented. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS A 32-year-old patient presented a carious lesion on tooth 36 with an underlying dark shadow at the dentin seen from the noncavitated enamel occlusal surface, which was compatible with an ICDAS 4 carious lesion. The lesion was radiographically detected and the caries disease was treated with dietary and hygiene habits orientations. Before accessing the lesion and selectively removing the carious tissue, an occlusal stamp was made by applying a flowable resin composite to copy the anatomy of the noncavitated enamel surface. The cavity was restored using a bulk fill resin composite (Opus Bulk Fill, FGM) with 4-mm-thick increments. Before curing the last increment, a Teflon band was adapted at the uncured bulk fill composite surface and the occlusal stamp made with the flowable composite was pressed against it to reproduce the natural characteristics and initial occlusal anatomy. The top surface was light-activated for 40 s. After 4 years, small wear could be seen in the restoration, but still within clinically acceptable levels. CONCLUSION The occlusal stamp technique allows reproduction of the natural anatomy of teeth affected by ICDAS 4 carious lesions with good clinical longevity over 4 years. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This case report presents the use of the stamp technique to restore a tooth affected by an ICDAS 4 lesion, in which a carious process reached the dentin and the enamel anatomy was still preserved. The bulk fill resin composite associated with the occlusal stamp was chosen to quickly restore the cavity with clinical predictability. Bulk fill composites allow the insertion of up to 4-mm-thick increments and offer lower shrinkage stress, good clinical longevity and a less time-consuming procedure in cases of posterior teeth, especially if associated with the stamp technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Victor Mosquim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Genine Moreira de Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Alyssa Teixeira Obeid
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sergio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Adilson Yoshio Furuse
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
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28
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Gilli M, Hollaert TG, Setbon HM, des Rieux A, Leprince JG. Quality of Cure in Depth of Commercially Available Bulk-fill Composites: A Layer-by-layer Mechanical and Biological Evaluation. Oper Dent 2022; 47:437-448. [PMID: 35917249 DOI: 10.2341/21-084-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite their popularity, the use of bulk-fill composites remains controversial, both in terms of their properties and their in-depth development. The objectives of the present work were (1) to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the quality of cure in depth of commercially available bulk-fill composites by combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods, (2) to evaluate the inter-material differences when optimally cured, and (3) to evaluate the efficiency of an antioxidant-N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)-to restrain the adverse effects of the leached components on cell viability. Nine bulk-fill composites (including flowable and high-viscosity materials) were investigated and compared to two conventional resin-based composites, one flowable and one high-viscosity restorative material. The materials were injected or packed into Teflon molds of various configurations, up to 6 mm material thickness. They were then light-cured from the top for 20 seconds with Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, irradiance = 1050 mW/cm2). The following physicomechanical properties were measured for the upper (0-2 mm), intermediate (2-4 mm), and lower (4-6 mm) layers: degree of conversion using Raman Spectrometry (DC, in %), microhardness using a Vickers micro-indenter before (VHN dry) and after 24 hours of storage in ethanol (VHN EtOH), and flexural strength (in MPa) and flexural modulus (in GPa) using a three-point bend test. Each composite layer and an uncured layer were also stored for one week in a standard cell growth medium to generate conditioned media. Human dental pulp cells were then cultured for 24 hours with the latter and cell viability was measured using an MTS assay. A similar experiment was repeated with conditioned media produced in contact with uncured composites, with and without the addition of 4 mM NAC. The data were subjected to a Shapiro-Wilk test, then one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed either by Tukey's test (inter-material comparison) or by Dunnett's or Dunn's test (comparison between layers relative to the upper one). The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Some materials (EverX, X-traF, VenusBF, X-traB) did not show any significant differences (p>0.05) for any of the properties considered between the intermediate layers compared to the upper one (considered as reference). Others displayed significant differences, at least for some properties, highlighting the value of combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods when investigating the quality of cure in depth. Significant inter-material differences (p<0.05) were observed when comparing the properties of their upper layer, considered as "optimally" polymerized. Hence, one needs to consider the absolute property values, not only their relative evolution concerning layer thickness. Finally, the use of NAC appeared as beneficial to reduce the risk of harmful effects to dental pulp cells, especially in case of excessive thickness use, and may therefore be of potential interest as an additive to composites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilli
- *Matthieu Gilli, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T G Hollaert
- Thibaut G Hollaert, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H M Setbon
- Hugo M Setbon, private practice; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A des Rieux
- Anne des Rieux, DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Leprince
- Julian G. Leprince, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Aquino Valverde AJ, Aguilar Vargas GDP, Díaz Fernández JM, Leiva Ramírez PA, Quintanilla Labajos DA, Atoche Socola KJ, Vidalón Pinto M. [Light-curing effectiveness using led lamps: a review]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e120. [PMID: 38389554 PMCID: PMC10880699 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction LED lamps have a new light-curing technology which can be monowave or polywave, which allows it to reach more initiators such as camphorquinone, Lucirin TPO and Propanodione, which have a wide variety of advantages and disadvantages. These lamps have evolved over time, as have different ergonomics, longevity, systems and quality standards. Objective The objective of this literature review is to improve the clinician on the proper use of different LED lamps and how they influence the efficiency of resin photopolymerization. Material and methods Extensive research has been carried out in the existing literature on this topic. From the beginning of this information until April 18, 2022, the bibliographic search carried out includes 86 articles published in the Medline database through PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO, and there is no language restriction. Results The photopolymerization effects of Polywave and Monowave LED lamps present significant differences between the compressive strength of the light-cured resin, with single-wave and polyvalent LED lamps where the types of light and lamp directly influence the compressive strength of the resin. composite resins. Conclusion The type of light and lamp directly affects the efficiency of the photopolymerization of the composite resin, so it is concluded that LED lamps with single wave technology (Monowave) produce a greater depth of photopolymerization than those with multiple wave technology (Polywave).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jacqueline Aquino Valverde
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Gina Del Pilar Aguilar Vargas
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - José Miguel Díaz Fernández
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Piero Aryed Leiva Ramírez
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Daleska Adriana Quintanilla Labajos
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Katherine Joselyn Atoche Socola
- Division de Rehabilitacion Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. Universidad Científica del Perú Division de Rehabilitacion Oral Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Marcia Vidalón Pinto
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
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Brosh T, Davidovitch M, Berg A, Shenhav A, Pilo R, Matalon S. Influence of Practitioner-Related Placement Variables on the Compressive Properties of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins-An In Vitro Clinical Simulation Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124305. [PMID: 35744363 PMCID: PMC9227906 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To determine if restoration location and/or execution behavior force parameters have an influence on the mechanical properties of bulk-fill composite dental restorations. Methods: Pressure transducers were placed within each quadrant of dental mannequin jaws. Cylindrical molds were placed above the transducers and filled with two bulk-fill composite materials, Filtek and Tetric, by four experienced dentists. Each dentist prepared five specimens per quadrant and material. The total placement time, mean force, number of peak forces (above 25 N), and mean peak(s) force during placement were measured. Then, the stiffness and maximal compressive strength of the specimens were determined while loading the specimens up to failure using a universal loading machine. Results: Placement time was affected by jaw (p < 0.004) and side (p < 0.029), with the shortest time demonstrated for the left side of the mandible. Force exerted during restoration placement was not normally distributed without differences in location (jaw) or material. A higher application force was found on the right side (p < 0.01). The number of peak forces was affected by side (p < 0.03), with less peaks on the left side. No significant differences were found in compressive strength when correlated to restoration location, participant, or material (p = 0.431). The stiffness values of Filtek (3729 ± 228 N/mm) were found to be 15% higher than Tetric (3248 ± 227 N/mm) (p < 0.005). No correlations were found between the compressive strength or stiffness and the amount of force applied during placement. Conclusions: The individual restoration material placement parameters did influence practitioner performance; however, these differences did not affect the mechanical properties of the final restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Brosh
- The Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Moshe Davidovitch
- Department of Orthodontics, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Avi Berg
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Aviran Shenhav
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Raphael Pilo
- The Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Shlomo Matalon
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.B.); (A.S.); (S.M.)
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Ludovichetti FS, Lucchi P, Zambon G, Pezzato L, Bertolini R, Zerman N, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Depth of Cure, Hardness, Roughness and Filler Dimension of Bulk-Fill Flowable, Conventional Flowable and High-Strength Universal Injectable Composites: An In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121951. [PMID: 35745293 PMCID: PMC9228197 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Objective: To evaluate and compare the depth of cure (DOC) of two bulk-fill flowable composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill), two conventional flowable composites (Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable Restorative and G-ænial Flo X) and one high-strength universal injectable composite (G-ænial Universal Injectable). (2) Methods: specimens were placed in a stainless-steel mold with an orifice of 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in depth and light-cured for 20 s using a light emitting diode (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) with an irradiance of 1000 mW/cm2; depth of cure was assessed using the ISO 4049 scrape technique, and the absolute length of the specimen of cured composite was measured in millimeters with a digital caliper. The same procedure was repeated with 14 samples for each material under investigation, for a total number of 70 test bodies. Material roughness and hardness results were also investigated using, respectively, a 3D laser confocal microscope (LEXT OLS 4100; Olympus) at ×5 magnification and a Vickers diamond indenter (Vickers microhardness tester, Shimadzu®, Kyoto, Japan) under 10-N load and a 30 s dwell time. SEM images at 3000 and 9000 magnification were collected in order to study the materials’ filler content. Statistical analysis were performed by a commercial statistical software package (SPSS) and data were analyzed using multiple comparison Dunnett’s test. (3) Results: The average DOC of both bulk-fill composites was more than 4 mm, as a range of 3.91 and 4.53 mm with an average value of 4.24 and 4.12 mm, while that of the conventional flowable composites was much lower, as a range of 2.47 and 2.90 mm with an average value of 2.58 and 2.84 mm; DOC of the high-strength injectable composite was greater than the one of traditional composites, but not to the level of bulk-fill materials, as a range of 2.82 and 3.01 mm with an average value of 3.02 mm. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p-values < 0.05) in the depth of cure between bulk fill flowable composites and other composites, while there was no difference (p-values > 0.05) between the materials of the same type. (4) Conclusions: Bulk-fill flowable composites showed significantly higher depth of cure values than both traditional flowable composites and high-strength injectable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Ludovichetti
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498212040
| | - Patrizia Lucchi
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Giulia Zambon
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Pezzato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachele Bertolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Pediatric Dentisrty, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
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Depth of cure of 10 resin-based composites light-activated using a laser diode, multi-peak, and single-peak light-emitting diode curing lights. J Dent 2022; 122:104141. [PMID: 35483497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the depth of cure (DOC) of ten contemporary resin-based composites (RBCs), light-cured using different LCUs and exposure times. METHODS The power, radiant emittance, irradiance, radiant exposure (RE), and beam profiles from a laser (M, Monet), a multi-peak (V, Valo Grand), and single-peak (S, SmartLite Pro) LCU were measured. The DOC was measured using a 6-mm diameter metal mold and a solvent dissolution method to remove the uncured RBC. The length of the remaining RBC was divided by 2. The exposure times were: 1s and 3s for M, 10s and 20s for V, and 10s and 20s for S. Data were analyzed using: Bland-Altman distribution, Pearson's Correlation, and an artificial neural network (ANN) to establish the relative importance of the factors on the DOC (α=0.05; β=0.2). RESULTS Significant differences were found in the DOC of the different LCUs and composites. The laser LCU emitted the highest power, radiant emittance, and irradiance. However, this LCU used for 1 s delivered the lowest RE and produced the shortest DOC in all ten RBCs. The ANN demonstrated that the RE is the most critical factor for the DOC. Bland-Altman comparisons showed that the DOCs achieved with the laser LCU used for 1s were between 17 - 34 % shorter than the other conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although the laser LCU cured all 10 RBCs when used for 1s, it produced the shallowest DOC, and some RBCs did not achieve the minimum DOC threshold. The RE and not the irradiance was the most important factor in determining the DOC of RBCs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite delivering high power and irradiance, the laser used for l s delivered a lower radiant exposure than the conventional LCUs used for 10 s. This resulted in a shorter DOC.
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Hahn B, Haubitz I, Krug R, Krastl G, Soliman S. Influence of Matrix Type on Marginal Gap Formation of Deep Class II Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4961. [PMID: 35564356 PMCID: PMC9099621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four restorative treatment protocols: conventional nanohybrid composite (NANO) restoration (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (NANO-METAL) versus transparent matrix (NANO-TRANS), and bulk-fill composite restoration (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (BFC-METAL) versus transparent matrix (BFC-TRANS). After artificial aging (2500 thermal cycles), marginal quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using the replica technique. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann−Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Metal matrices yielded significantly (p = 0.0011) more continuous margins (46.211%) than transparent matrices (27.073%). Differences in continuous margins between NANO (34.482%) and BFC (38.802%) were not significant (p = 0.56). Matrix type did not influence marginal gap formation in BFC (p = 0.27) but did in NANO restorations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metal matrices positively influence the marginal quality of class II composite restorations, especially in deep cavity areas. The bulk-fill composite seems to be less sensitive to the influence of factors such as light polymerization and matrix type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (I.H.); (R.K.); (G.K.); (S.S.)
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Charamba CDF, Silva LDB, Lima RBW, Duarte RM, Andrade AKM. Bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8665454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluating the resin-dentin bond strength of Class II conventional and bulk-fill composite restorations, using different cavity sizes before and after aging. Methods: Seventy-five human molars were distributed into groups according to the buccolingual width of the cavities, conservative (n=25) and extended (n=50). They were divided according to the restorative material: conventional (Z100/control group) or bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill/FBF; Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill/TNCBF; Filtek Bulk Fill Flow/FBFF; Surefill SDR flow/SDR). The restored teeth were sectioned on sticks (n=50 per restorative materials + width cavities group), half were stored in Water/Ethanol 75% for 30 days and the other half were submitted to the immediate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test. Data were analyzed applying the Three-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni test, test t, and Weibull analyses (p<0.05). Results: SDR and FBF presented lower μTBS values for extended preparation when compared to the conservative preparation, before aging. After aging, only for the FBFF, a decrease in the μTBS values was observed. Comparing the μTBS values, before and after aging, the SDR demonstrated lower μTBS values after aging when the conservative cavity was used. A decrease in the μTBS values was observed for the Z100, the FBF and, the FBFF, after aging, when the extended cavity was used. Conclusion: The effect of cavity preparation and aging on the resin-dentin of Class II is material dependent. Most of the bulk-fill resin composites evaluated presented a similar performance to the conventional resin composites for all the conditions of this study.
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Abdelwahed AG, Essam S, Abdelaziz MM. Marginal Adaptation and Depth of Cure of Flowable versus Packable Bulk-fill Restorative Materials: An In Vitro StudyMarginal Adaptation and Depth of Cure of Flowable versus Packable Bulk-fill Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the marginal adaptation and depth of cure of a flowable bulk-fill giomer (BEAUTIFIL Flow Plus X [BFP]), a flowable bulk-fill resin composite (PALFIQUE BULK FLOW [PBF]) bulk-fill resin composite, a packable bulk-fill giomer (BEAUTIFL-Bulk Restorative [BBR]), and two packable bulk-fill resin composites (X-tra fil [XF]) and (Filtek™ One Bulk Fill Restorative [FOB]).
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five standardized class II cavities were prepared in the occlusomesial surfaces of maxillary premolars. A self-etching dental adhesive was used. All restorative materials were applied, and light cured according to their manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were subjected to 2500 thermal cycles between 5° C and 55° C. Epoxy resin replicas were obtained to examine the marginal by calculating the percentage of the continuous margin over the total margin length. using SEM at 200× magnification. For assessing the depth of cure, fifty specimens with 4 mm height were prepared. Vickers microhardness testing was used to assess the depth of cure was calculating the bottom-to-top ratio of each specimen. If this ratio reaches 0.80 or more, an adequate depth of cure is achieved.
Results: Regarding marginal adaptation, there was no significant difference between different groups before (p=0.398) and after (p=0.644) thermocycling. Within all groups, there was a significant decrease in marginal adaptation after thermocycling (p<0.001). Regarding the depth of cure, all restorative materials achieved the required 0.8 bottom-to-top ratio. There was a significant difference between different groups (p<0.001). The highest value was found in BFP group (0.97±0.02), while the lowest value was found in BBR group (0.81±0.11).
Conclusions: The marginal adaptation and depth of cure of bulk-fill giomer restorative materials are acceptable. Therefore, their use in restoration of 4-mm deep class II cavities is appealing.
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Bilgili Can D, Özarslan M. Evaluation of color stability and microhardness of contemporary bulk-fill composite resins with different polymerization properties. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:924-932. [PMID: 35118802 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the color stability and microhardness of three bulk-fill composites with different polymerization characteristics, after immersion in four different solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Color measurements of three bulk fill (Viscalor (VIS), Tetric PowerFill (TPF), Fill Up! (FUP)) and a microhyrid composite resin (G-aenial posterior [GCP]) were performed after polymerization. The specimens were immersed in coffee, cola, red wine and distilled water. Discolorations were recorded after 24 h (T1), 10 days (T2) and 30 days (T3) of immersion. ΔE (CIEDE2000) values were calculated. Vickers microhardness (VHN) was measured from top and bottom surfaces at T0 and T3. Data was analyzed with Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. RESULTS The highest discoloration was seen in wine and the lowest in distilled water and cola. At T3, there was no difference in distilled water groups, while the statistically highest ΔE00 were obtained in TPF and GCP in coffee, cola and wine. VIS groups had the highest VHN values at T0 and T3 in all solutions. CONCLUSIONS Samples immersed in coffee and wine showed discoloration beyond clinically acceptable limits. After 30 days, discoloration occurred in all materials immersed in all solutions. At T3, VIS microhardness generally decreased, while TPF did not. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE After 30 days, all bulk-fill composites immersed in distilled water, coffee and wine showed clinically unacceptable ΔE00 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Bilgili Can
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Merve Özarslan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Ribeiro AEDL, Dias JDN, Melo AMDS, Borges BCD, de Assunção IV. Direct and semi-direct resin composite restoration in large cavity preparations: analysis of dentin bond strength stability and bottom/top microhardness ratio in a cavity model. Odontology 2022; 110:482-488. [PMID: 35088153 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of the restorative approach and aging time on dentin bond strength (BS), failure mode (FM), and bottom/top microhardness ratio (B/T) in a large dentin cavity model. A total of 102 bovine incisors were used to produce models of conical dentin cavities (4.0 mm thickness × 4.8 mm top diameter × 2.8 mm bottom diameter), which were restored using semi-direct filling (SDF) (Filtek™ Z250 XT + Scotchbond™ Universal/RelyX™ Ultimate luting system), direct bulk filling (DBF) (Filtek™ One Bulk Fill), and direct incremental filling (DIF) (Filtek™ Z250 XT) techniques. B/T, BS, and FM (n = 17) were analyzed in a microhardness tester, a universal testing machine, and a stereomicroscope, respectively, after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. BS and B/T data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05), while FM data were analyzed descriptively. There was a statistically significant difference in BS between the restorative techniques, and BS was influenced by aging time in the DBF and SDF groups. Mixed failure was predominant for the SDF technique in both aging times. There was no statistically significant difference in B/T among the restorative approaches regardless of the aging time (p > 0.05). Although all restorative approaches provided similar B/T, the semi-direct technique showed better performance on the material bond strength to dentine in large cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Eveline de Lima Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 1787 Sen. Salgado Filho Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Joselúcia da Nóbrega Dias
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 1787 Sen. Salgado Filho Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Margarida Dos Santos Melo
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 1787 Sen. Salgado Filho Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 1787 Sen. Salgado Filho Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Isauremi Vieira de Assunção
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 1787 Sen. Salgado Filho Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-000, Brazil.
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Is the clinical performance of composite resin restorations in posterior teeth similar if restored with incremental or bulk-filling techniques? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2281-2297. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Polymer characteristics and mechanical properties of bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced and low-shrinkage composites. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh220129055p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. The objective was to determine the degree of conversion (DC), cross-link density, percentage of leachable monomers, flexural strength (FS), and hardness (HV) of nanohybrid, nanofilled bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced, and low-shrinkage composites. Methods. Standardized specimens (n = 5/group) of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, Beautifil, EverX posterior, Kalore, Filtek Z250 (microhybrid control), and Tetric EvoCeram (nanohybrid control) were subjected to micro-Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and HV. Cross-linking density and leachable monomers were ascertained based on the ratio of HV and DC before and after immersion in absolute ethanol. Results. DC was in the range 50.4?70.5%, the highest for Filtek Bulk and the lowest for Kalore. The highest %DC change was in Beautifil (10.3%) and the lowest in Filtek Bulk (1.4%) and Z250 (1.28%). FS ranged between 78.9 MPa (TEC) and 126.7 MPa (Filtek Bulk). HV ranged between 58.6 (Kalore) and 113.9 (Z250) and significantly decreased post-immersion (19?55%). HV48h inversely correlated to HV% loss (r = -0.761), whilst DC positively correlated with FS (r = 0.893). Conclusion. Filtek Bulk, EverX, and Z250 showed the highest DC. The lowest DC and mechanical properties were observed for Kalore. The greatest cross-link density was shown by Filtek Bulk. There were up to 10% of leachable monomers. DC and FS positively correlated.
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Diab RA, Yap AU, Gonzalez MAG, Yahya NA. Impact of light-curing distance on the effectiveness of cure of bulk-fill resin-based composites. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:1184-1189. [PMID: 34916770 PMCID: PMC8665223 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of light-curing distance on the effectiveness of cure (EC) of bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). Materials and methods Two bulk-fill RBCs (a Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TN) and a Filtek Bulk Fill (FK)) are evaluated. Specimens (4 mm high) are cured for 20 s at different distances (0 mm (D0), 2 mm (D2), 4 mm (D4), 6 mm (D6) and 8 mm (D8)) and stored for 24 h in 100% relative humidity at 37 °C. The top and bottom surface hardness (SH) (n = 12) are assessed using a Knoop microhardness tester and the EC is calculated. The EC is characterized by the hardness ratio (HR) (mean bottom: top SH). An HR of 0.8 is used as the benchmark for an effective/adequate cure. Data are analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Correlations between the top and bottom surfaces are examined using the Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). Results For the TN, the HR at D8 is significantly lower than all other light-curing distances, while for the FK, it is significantly lower than D0 only. Conclusion The effect of light-curing distance on the EC of bulk-fill RBCs is material dependent. Notwithstanding the light-curing distance, the EC of the FK and TN is below the threshold HR value of 0.8 when photopolymerized for 20 s in 4 mm increments in black opaque molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelbaset Diab
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Ujin Yap
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | | | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cardoso IO, Machado AC, Fernandes LDO, Soares PV, Raposo LHA. Influence of Tip Diameter and Light Spectrum of Curing Units on the Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:360-366. [PMID: 34905778 PMCID: PMC9339921 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different light-curing units (LCUs) with distinct tip diameters and light spectra for activating bulk-fill resins.
Materials and Methods
The specimens (
n
= 10) were made from a conventional composite (Amaris, VOCO) and bulk-fill resins (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI; Filtek One, 3M ESPE; Tetric Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) with two diameters, 7 or 10 mm, × 2 mm thickness. Following 24 hours of specimen preparation, the degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared unit. Knoop hardness (KHN) readings were performed on the center and periphery of the specimens. Data were assessed for homoscedasticity and submitted to one-way and three-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, depending on the analysis performed (α = 0.05).
Results
LCUs and specimen diameter significantly affected the DC. The
Tetric Bulk Fill
provided increased DC results when light-cured with
Valo
(54.8 and 53.5%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively) compared with
Radii Xpert
(52.1 and 52.9%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively). No significant differences in KHN results were noted for the conventional resin composite (
Amaris
) compared with LCUs (
p
= 0.213) or disc diameters (
p
= 0.587), but the center of the specimen exhibited superior KHN (
p
≤ 0.001) than the periphery.
Conclusion
The light spectrum of the multipeak LCU (
Valo
) significantly increased the DC and KHN of the bulk-fill resin composite with additional initiator to camphorquinone (
Tetric Bulk Fill
) compared with the monowave LCU (
Radii Xpert
). The tip size of the LCUs influenced the performance of some of the resin composites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Oliveiros Cardoso
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vinícius Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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42
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Santin DC, Velo MMDAC, Camim FDS, Brondino NCM, Honório HM, Mondelli RFL. Effect of thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12825. [PMID: 34865270 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the material thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Six commercial composites were selected based on their different technologies: Two conventional (C1, C2), two high-viscosity bulk-fill (HVB1, HVB2), and two low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVB1, LVB2). Shrinkage stress was analyzed for five specimens with 2 mm thickness (C-factor 0.75 and volume 24 mm3 ) and five specimens with 4 mm thickness (C-factor 0.375 and volume 48 mm3 ) for 300 s in a universal testing machine. Bottom-to-top hardness ratio values were obtained from Knoop microhardness measurements in specimens with 2- and 4-mm thickness (n = 5). Thickness increase resulted in significantly higher shrinkage stress for all materials with the exception of HVB2 and LVB1. C1, C2, HVB2, and LVB1 showed lower bottom-to-top hardness ratios at 4 mm than at 2 mm. Only LVB2 presented a bottom-to-top hardness ratio lower than 80% at 2 mm, while HVB1 surpassed this threshold at 4 mm of depth. The results suggest that the increase of composite thickness affected the shrinkage stress values. Also, thickness increase resulted in lower bottom-to-top hardness ratio. HVB1 showed better behavior than other bulk-fill materials, with low stress and adequate bottom-to-top hardness ratio at 4 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Cristo Santin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francielly da Silva Camim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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43
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Polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill and non-bulk-fill resin-based composites. J Dent Sci 2021; 17:1212-1216. [PMID: 35784133 PMCID: PMC9237169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, Kunsági-Máté S, Lempel E. Pre-Heating Effect on Monomer Elution and Degree of Conversion of Contemporary and Thermoviscous Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203599. [PMID: 34685358 PMCID: PMC8538921 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of unreacted monomers from pre-heated resin-based dental composites (RBC) is not a well-investigated topic so far. The objectives were to determine the temperature changes during the application and polymerization, the degree of conversion (DC) and unreacted monomer elution of room temperature (RT), and pre-heated thermoviscous [VisCalor Bulk(VCB)] and high-viscosity full-body contemporary [Filtek One Bulk(FOB)] bulk-fill RBCs. The RBCs' temperatures during the sample preparation were recorded with a K-type thermocouple. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy and the amounts of eluted BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA, and TEGDMA were assessed with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The temperatures of the pre-heated RBCs decreased rapidly during the manipulation phase. The temperature rise during photopolymerization reflects the bottom DCs. The differences in DC% between the top and the bottom were significant. RT VCB had a lower DC% compared to FOB. Pre-heating did not influence the DC, except on the bottom surface of FOB where a significant decrease was measured. Pre-heating significantly decreased the elution of BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA in the case of FOB, meanwhile, it had no effect on monomer release from VCB, except TEGDMA, which elution was decreased. In comparison, RBC composition had a stronger influence on DC and monomer elution, than pre-cure temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kincses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-535-926
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45
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Cender EU, Guler C, Odabasi D. The effects of polymerization mode and layer thickness on monomer released from bulk fill composite resins. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1442-1449. [PMID: 34657008 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_676_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Residual monomers released from composite resins have cytotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects. Mode of polymerization and application thickness are important for monomer release. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different modes of a third-generation light-curing unit (LCU) and layer thickness on residual monomer released from two different bulk-fill composite resins. A total of 80 samples were prepared for each bulk-fill composite using a mold. Each bulk-fill composite was divided into four groups according to polymerization mode (standard and extra power) and layer thickness (2 and 4 mm). In addition, four groups were divided into four subgroups according to time periods (1 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days). Methods and Material The samples were polymerized with VALO LED device. The amount of residual monomer was measured with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All statistical analyses were processed using SPSS Version 23.0. The normal distribution of data was confirmed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normal Distribution Test and Shapiro-Wilk Normal Distribution Test. When the distribution was normal, parametric tests, Student's t test and one-way ANOVA, were used. When the distribution was not normal, non-parametric tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis testwere used. Results It was found that the standard mode of LCU produced lower amounts of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA in both composite materials. In addition, when the layer thickness increased, TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA releases increased, too. Conclusions This study revealed that the amount of residual monomers released from bulk-fill composites was affected by layer thickness and polymerization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Uslu Cender
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - C Guler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - D Odabasi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Hirokane E, Takamizawa T, Tamura T, Shibasaki S, Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Handling and Mechanical Properties of Low-viscosity Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E185-E198. [PMID: 35486512 DOI: 10.2341/20-253-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the filler contents (FCs), flexural properties, depth of cure (DOC), wear resistance, and handling properties of different low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (LVBRCs) and to determine the correlations between the tested parameters. Six LVBRCs, Beautifil-Bulk (BBF), Bulk Base Hard (BBH), Bulk Base Medium (BBM), Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF), G-ænial Bulk Injectable (GBI), and SDR flow+ Bulk-Fill Flowable (SDR) were used. The DOC and flexural property tests were conducted according to the ISO 4049 specifications. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, and resilience were determined in 12 specimens that were obtained from each of the 6 materials. Sliding-impact-wear testing was conducted by evaluating the wear facets of the specimens using a noncontact profilometer and by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The handling properties of the LVBRC was assessed via extrusion force and thread formation measurements. The DOC for the majority of the LVBRCs was approximately 4 mm. Although the FCs and mechanical properties were material dependent, some LVBRCs exhibited excellent flexural properties and wear resistance. The LVBRCs demonstrated a wide range of extrusion force and thread formation. Regarding the correlations between the tested parameters, extremely strong negative and positive correlations were observed for the DOC versus extrusion force, flexural strength versus elastic modulus, maximum depth versus volume loss, and maximum depth versus thread formation. In addition, strong correlations between FCs and DOC, resilience, wear resistance, and extrusion force were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hirokane
- Eizo Hirokane, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takamizawa
- *Toshiki Takamizawa, DDS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Tomohiko Tamura, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Shibasaki
- Sho Shibasaki, DDS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Tsujimoto
- Akimasa Tsujimoto, DDS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W W Barkmeier
- Wayne W. Barkmeier, DDS, MS, Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M A Latta
- Mark A. Latta, DMD, MS, Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Miyazaki
- Masashi Miyazaki, DDS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Meng X, Ye Y, Feng D, Xue J, Wang H, Huang H, Wang M, Wang J. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Resin-Based Materials Applied in Dental Restorations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2975. [PMID: 34503014 PMCID: PMC8433687 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based materials have been prevalent for dental restorations over the past few decades and have been widely used for a variety of direct and indirect procedures. Typically, resin-based dental materials are required to be flowable or moldable before setting and can provide adequate mechanical strength after setting. The setting method may include, but is not limited to, light-curing, self-curing or heating. In this review, based on different indications of resin-based dental materials (e.g., dental filling composite, dental bonding agent, resin luting cement), their rheological and mechanical properties were reviewed. Viscous and flexible properties were focused on for materials before setting, while elastic properties and mechanical strength were focused on for materials after setting. At the same time, the factors that may affect their rheological and mechanical properties were discussed. It is anticipated that the insightful information and prospections of this study will be useful to the future development and fabrication of resin-based dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Rd., Zibo 255000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (D.F.); (J.X.); (H.W.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
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48
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Influence of Curing Time on the Microbiological Behavior of Bulk-Fill Nanohybrid Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172948. [PMID: 34502989 PMCID: PMC8434565 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of curing time on surface characteristics and microbiological behavior of three bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). Materials were light-cured for either 10 s or 80 s, then finished using a standard clinical procedure. They were characterized by surface morphology (SEM), surface elemental composition (EDS), surface roughness (SR), and surface free energy (SFE). Microbiological behavior was assessed as S. mutans adherence (2 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) using a continuous-flow bioreactor. Statistical analysis included a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Materials differed substantially as filler shape, dimension, elemental composition and resin matrix composition. Significant differences between materials were found for SR, SFE, and microbiological behavior. Such differences were less pronounced or disappeared after prolonged photocuring. The latter yielded significantly lower adherence and biofilm formation on all tested materials, similar to conventional RBCs. Improved photoinitiators and UDMA-based resin matrix composition may explain these results. No correlation between surface characteristics and microbiological behavior can explain the similar microbiological behavior of bulk-fill materials after prolonged photocuring. This different performance of bulk-fill materials compared with conventional RBCs, where surface characteristics, especially surface chemistry, influence microbiological behavior, may have important implications for secondary caries occurrence and restoration longevity.
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49
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Improper Light Curing of Bulkfill Composite Drives Surface Changes and Increases S. mutans Biofilm Growth as a Pathway for Higher Risk of Recurrent Caries around Restorations. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9080083. [PMID: 34435995 PMCID: PMC8394739 DOI: 10.3390/dj9080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
How dentists cure a resin-based material has deleterious effects on the material's properties and its interaction with surrounding dental tissues. Biofilm accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of carious lesions around dental restorations, with its composition manifesting expressed dysbiosis in patients suffering from dental caries. To evaluate the influence of varying radiant exposure on the degree of conversion (DC%), Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth, and surface roughness of bulk-fill composites under different light-curing conditions. Two light-curing units (LCU) at 600 and 1000 mW/cm2 were used to simulate curing conditions with different angulations (∢20° and ∢35°) or 2 mm-distance displacements of the LCU tip. The radiant exposure (RE) was assessed, and the composites were analyzed for DC%. Biofilm formation was induced over the bulk-fill composites and analyzed via colony-forming units counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness was analyzed via a profilometer and SEM after biofilm formation. Curing conditions with different angulation or displacement decreased RE compared to the "optimal condition". The moderately (∢35°) angulated LCU tip and low (600 mW/cm2) radiant emittance significantly reduced the DC% (p < 0.05). The difference in DC% between the top and bottom of the composites ranged from 8 to 11% for 600 mW/cm2 and 10 to 20% for 1000 mW/cm2. Greater S. mutans biofilm and surface changes were found in composites with non-optimal RE delivery (e.g., tip displacement and angulation) (p < 0.05). Inadequate polymerization of bulk-fill composites was associated with more biofilm accumulation and surface topography changes. Overall, non-optimally performed curing procedures reduced the amount of delivered RE, which led to low DC%, more biofilm formation, and higher surface roughness. The improper light-curing of bulk-fill composites compromises their physicochemical and biological properties, which could lead to inferior clinical performance and reduced restorative treatments' longevity.
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50
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Kojic DD, El-Mowafy O, Price R, El-Badrawy W. The Ability of Dental Practitioners to Light-Cure Simulated Restorations. Oper Dent 2021; 46:160-172. [PMID: 34111286 DOI: 10.2341/19-147-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using a patient simulator, dental professionals were tested to determine their ability to light-polymerize simulated restorations in their dental practice. After receiving specific instructions and training using the simulator, their ability to deliver sufficient light to polymerize restorations was significantly and substantially improved. SUMMARY Objectives: To determine the ability of dental professionals to deliver a radiant exposure of at least six J/cm2 in 10 seconds to simulated restorations.Methods and Materials: The study initially examined 113 light-emitting-diode (LED) light polymerization units (LPUs) used in dental offices to determine if they could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 radiant exposure (RE) in 10s. This assessment was completed by using a laboratory-grade light measuring device (checkMARC, BlueLight Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada). The participating dental professionals whose LPUs could deliver 6 J/cm2 then used their own LPU to light-cure simulated anterior and posterior restorations in the MARC Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics). They then received specific instructions and were retested using the same LPUs. Data were statistically analyzed with a series of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, paired-samples t-tests, Fisher post hoc multiple comparison tests, and McNemar tests with a preset alpha of 0.05 (SPSS Inc).Results: Ten (8.8%) LPUs could not deliver the required RE to the checkMARC in 10s and were eliminated from the study. For the anterior restoration, most dental practitioners (87.3%) could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before instructions. After receiving additional light-curing instructions, only two (1.9%) participants were unable to deliver 6 J/cm2 to the anterior location. At the posterior location, only 55.3% (57) participants could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before the instructions. After receiving these instructions, an additional 32 participants delivered at least 6 J/cm2. Overall, after receiving instructions on how to use the LPU correctly, the participants improved the amount of RE they delivered to anterior and posterior restorations by 22.5% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion: This study revealed that at the baseline, 44.7% of participating dental professionals failed to deliver 6 J/cm2 in 10s to the posterior simulated restoration when using their own LPU.
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