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Ma S, Cao W, Ma X, Ye X, Qin C, Li B, Liu W, Lu Q, Wu C, Fu X. Metabolomics reveals metabolites associated with hair follicle cycle in cashmere goats. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:208. [PMID: 38760765 PMCID: PMC11100241 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hair follicle is a skin accessory organ that regulates hair development, and its activity varies on a regular basis. However, the significance of metabolites in the hair follicle cycle has long been unknown. RESULTS Targeted metabolomics was used in this investigation to reveal the expression patterns of 1903 metabolites in cashmere goat skin during anagen to telogen. A statistical analysis was used to investigate the potential associations between metabolites and the hair follicle cycle. The findings revealed clear changes in the expression patterns of metabolites at various phases and in various feeding models. The majority of metabolites (primarily amino acids, nucleotides, their metabolites, and lipids) showed downregulated expression from anagen (An) to telogen (Tn), which was associated with gene expression, protein synthesis and transport, and cell structure, which reflected, to some extent, that the cells associated with hair follicle development are active in An and apoptotic in An-Tn. It is worth mentioning that the expression of vitamin D3 and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine decreased and then increased, which may be related to the shorter and longer duration of outdoor light, which may stimulate the hair follicle to transition from An to catagen (Cn). In the comparison of different hair follicle development stages (An, Cn, and Tn) or feeding modes (grazing and barn feeding), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that common differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate) were enriched in ABC transporters. This finding suggested that this pathway may be involved in the hair follicle cycle. Among these DEMs, riboflavin is absorbed from food, and the expression of riboflavin and sugars (D-glucose and glycogen) in skin tissue under grazing was greater and lower than that during barn feeding, respectively, suggesting that eating patterns may also alter the hair follicle cycle. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of metabolites such as sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in skin tissue affect hair follicle growth, in which 2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate may regulate the hair follicle cycle by participating in ABC transporters. Feeding practices may regulate hair follicle cycles by influencing the amount of hormones and vitamins expressed in the skin of cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Chongkai Qin
- Xinjiang Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Xinjiang, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Xinjiang Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Xinjiang, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Mramba RP, Kahindi EJ. Pond water quality and its relation to fish yield and disease occurrence in small-scale aquaculture in arid areas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16753. [PMID: 37274696 PMCID: PMC10238929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the associations between water availability and management practises with pond water parameters in small-scale aquaculture in arid areas. Further, the study determined the associations between fish yield and disease incidence with the pond water parameters. We visited 36 tilapia farmers in Dodoma, a semi-arid region in Tanzania, for interviews and measurements of pond water parameters. The interviews collected information about pond type, pond age, water sources, feed type, pond fertilisation, stocking density, and disease incidences. The sources of water for the aquaculture activities were tap water, boreholes, and shallow wells. The source of water and management practises were linked to the parameters of the pond water. On the other hand, the parameters of the pond water were associated with fish yield and the likelihood of disease occurrence. Fish yield had a non-linear relationship with DO, turbidity, salinity, and stocking density and a linear association with pH. To expand aquaculture development in arid areas, efficient use of water through integrated aquaculture is recommended. Training farmers in good management practises and integration is necessary to ensure sustainable aquaculture development in arid areas.
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Optimization of 17α-methyltestosterone dose to produce quality mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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4
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Synergistic effect of long-term feed deprivation and temperature on the cellular physiology of meagre (Argyrosomus regius). J Therm Biol 2022; 105:103207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Larval Development in Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth, and survival. Thus, determining how temperature affects fish populations is of utmost importance to accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition and food security in the coming years. Here, the potential effects of abnormal thermal regimes (24, 28 and 32 °C; TR24, TR28, and TR32, respectively) exclusively applied during embryogenesis in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) has been explored to decipher the potential consequences on hatching and growth from fertilization to 16 days post-fertilization (dpf), while effects on skeletal development and body morphology were explored at fertilization and 16 dpf. Egg incubation at higher temperatures induced an early hatching and mouth opening. A higher hatching rate was obtained in eggs incubated at 28 °C when compared to those at 24 °C. No differences were found in fish survival at 16 dpf, with values ranging from 84.89 to 88.86%, but increased wet body weight and standard length were found in larvae from TR24 and TR32 groups. Thermal regime during embryogenesis also altered the rate at which the skeletal development occurs. Larvae from the TR32 group showed an advanced skeletal development, with a higher development of cartilaginous structures at hatching but reduced at 16 dpf when compared with the TR24 and TR28 groups. Furthermore, this advanced skeletal development seemed to determine the fish body morphology. Based on biometric measures, a principal component analysis showed how along development, larvae from each thermal regime were clustered together, but with each population remaining clearly separated from each other. The current study shows how changes in temperature may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations in fish during early stages and contribute to understanding the possible effects of global warming in early development of fish and its ecological implications.
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Clinton M, Król E, Sepúlveda D, Andersen NR, Brierley AS, Ferrier DEK, Hansen PJ, Lorenzen N, Martin SAM. Gill Transcriptomic Responses to Toxin-producing Alga Prymnesium parvum in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2021; 12:794593. [PMID: 34956228 PMCID: PMC8693183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes, including protection of the mucosal gill surface against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). Climate change associated phenomena, such as increasing frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (HABs) put extra strain on gill function, contributing to enhanced fish mortality and fish kills. However, the molecular basis of the HAB-induced gill injury remains largely unknown due to the lack of high-throughput transcriptomic studies performed on teleost fish in laboratory conditions. We used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the transcriptomic responses of the gill tissue to two (high and low) sublethal densities of the toxin-producing alga Prymnesium parvum, in relation to non-exposed control fish. The exposure time to P. parvum (4–5 h) was sufficient to identify three different phenotypic responses among the exposed fish, enabling us to focus on the common gill transcriptomic responses to P. parvum that were independent of dose and phenotype. The inspection of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways, upstream regulators and downstream effects pointed towards P. parvum-induced inflammatory response and gill inflammation driven by alterations of Acute Phase Response Signalling, IL-6 Signalling, IL-10 Signalling, Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response, IL-8 Signalling and IL-17 Signalling pathways. While we could not determine if the inferred gill inflammation was progressing or resolving, our study clearly suggests that P. parvum blooms may contribute to the serious gill disorders in fish. By providing insights into the gill transcriptomic responses to toxin-producing P. parvum in teleost fish, our research opens new avenues for investigating how to monitor and mitigate toxicity of HABs before they become lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Clinton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Elżbieta Król
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew S Brierley
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - David E K Ferrier
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Cascarano MC, Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Mladineo I, Thompson KD, Papandroulakis N, Katharios P. Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:1205. [PMID: 34578236 PMCID: PMC8466566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Biology Center of Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
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8
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Bayissa TN, Geerardyn M, Vanhauteghem D, Wakjira M, Janssens GPJ. Nutrient-related metabolite profiles explain differences in body composition and size in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from different lakes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16824. [PMID: 34413370 PMCID: PMC8376951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how metabolite analysis can explain differences in tissue composition and size in fish from different habitats. We, therefore, studied Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from three Ethiopian lakes (Gilgel Gibe, Ziway, and Langano) using dried bloodspot (DBS) analysis of carnitine esters and free amino acids. A total of sixty (N = 60) Nile tilapia samples were collected comprising twenty (n = 20) fish from each lake. The proximate composition of the targeted tissues (muscle, skin, gill, gut, and liver) were analyzed. The DBS samples were analyzed for acylcarnitine and free amino acid profiles using quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolite ratios were calculated from relevant biochemical pathways that could identify relative changes in nutrient metabolism. The mean weight of Nile tilapia sampled from each lake showed weight variation among the lakes, fish from Lake Ziway were largest (178 g), followed by Gilgel Gibe reservoir (134 g) and Lake Langano (118 g). Fish from Gilgel Gibe showed significantly higher fat composition in all tissues (P < 0.05) except the liver in which no significant variation was observed. The source of fish affected the tissue fat composition. Marked differences were observed in Nile tilapia metabolic activity between the lakes. For instance, the lower body weight and condition of the fish in Lake Langano coincided with several metabolite ratios pointing to a low flow of glucogenic substrate to the citric acid cycle. The low propionyl to acetylcarnitine ratio (C3:C2) in Gilgel Gibe fish is indicating that more of the available acetyl CoA is not led into the citric acid cycle, but instead will be used for fat synthesis. The metabolic markers for lipogenesis and metabolic rate could explain the high-fat concentration in several parts of the body composition of fish from Gilgel Gibe. Our results show that nutrition-related blood metabolite ratios are useful to understand the underlying metabolic events leading to the habitat-dependent differences in the growth of Nile tilapia, and by extension, other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuma Negisho Bayissa
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Michelle Geerardyn
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Donna Vanhauteghem
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mulugeta Wakjira
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Geert Paul Jules Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Schunter C, Jarrold MD, Munday PL, Ravasi T. Diel pCO 2 fluctuations alter the molecular response of coral reef fishes to ocean acidification conditions. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5105-5118. [PMID: 34402113 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 ) variation can modify the responses of marine organisms to ocean acidification, yet the underlying mechanisms for this effect remain unclear. On coral reefs, environmental pCO2 fluctuates on a regular day-night cycle. Effects of future ocean acidification on coral reef fishes might therefore depend on their response to this diel cycle of pCO2 . To evaluate the effects on the brain molecular response, we exposed two common reef fishes (Acanthochromis polyacanthus and Amphiprion percula) to two projected future pCO2 levels (750 and 1,000 µatm) under both stable and diel fluctuating conditions. We found a common signature to stable elevated pCO2 for both species, which included the downregulation of immediate early genes, indicating lower brain activity. The transcriptional programme was more strongly affected by higher average pCO2 in a stable treatment than for fluctuating treatments, but the largest difference in molecular response was between stable and fluctuating pCO2 treatments. This indicates that a response to a change in environmental pCO2 conditions is different for organisms living in a fluctuating than in stable environments. This differential regulation was related to steroid hormones and circadian rhythm (CR). Both species exhibited a marked difference in the expression of CR genes among pCO2 treatments, possibly accommodating a more flexible adaptive approach in the response to environmental changes. Our results suggest that environmental pCO2 fluctuations might enable reef fishes to phase-shift their clocks and anticipate pCO2 changes, thereby avoiding impairments and more successfully adjust to ocean acidification conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Schunter
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael D Jarrold
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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Thermal tolerance and routine oxygen consumption of convict cichlid, Archocentrus nigrofasciatus, acclimated to constant temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) and a daily temperature cycle (20 °C → 30 °C). J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:479-491. [PMID: 33590285 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organismal temperature tolerance and metabolic responses are correlated to recent thermal history, but responses to thermal variability are less frequently assessed. There is great interest in whether organisms that experience greater thermal variability can gain metabolic or tolerance advantages through phenotypic plasticity. We compared thermal tolerance and routine aerobic metabolism of Convict cichlid acclimated for 2 weeks to constant 20 °C, constant 30 °C, or a daily cycle of 20 → 30 °C (1.7 °C/h). Acute routine mass-specific oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2) and critical thermal maxima/minima (CTMax/CTMin) were compared between groups, with cycle-acclimated fish sampled from the daily minimum (20 °C, 0900 h) and maximum (30 °C, 1600 h). Cycle-acclimated fish demonstrated statistically similar CTMax at the daily minimum and maximum (39.0 °C, 38.6 °C) but distinct CTMin values, with CTMin 2.4 °C higher for fish sampled from the daily 30 °C maximum (14.8 °C) compared to the daily 20 °C minimum (12.4 °C). Measured acutely at 30 °C, [Formula: see text]O2 decreased with increasing acclimation temperature; 20 °C acclimated fish had an 85% higher average [Formula: see text]O2 than 30 °C acclimated fish. Similarly, acute [Formula: see text]O2 at 20 °C was 139% higher in 20 °C acclimated fish compared to 30 °C acclimated fish. Chronic [Formula: see text]O2 was measured in separate fish continually across the 20 → 30 °C daily cycle for all 3 acclimation groups. Chronic [Formula: see text]O2 responses were very similar between groups between average individual hourly values, as temperatures increased or decreased (1.7 °C/h). Acute [Formula: see text]O2 and thermal tolerance responses highlight "classic" trends, but dynamic, chronic trials suggest acclimation history has little effect on the relative change in oxygen consumption during a thermal cycle. Our results strongly suggest that the minimum and maximum temperatures experienced more strongly influence fish physiology, rather than the thermal cycle itself. This research highlights the importance of collecting data in both cycling and static (constant) thermal conditions, and further research should seek to understand whether ectotherm metabolism does respond uniquely to fluctuating temperatures.
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Muhawenimana V, Thomas JR, Wilson CAME, Nefjodova J, Chapman AC, Williams FC, Davies DG, Griffiths SW, Cable J. Temperature surpasses the effects of velocity and turbulence on swimming performance of two invasive non-native fish species. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201516. [PMID: 33972857 PMCID: PMC8074586 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change continues to impact fish habitat quality and biodiversity, especially in regard to the dynamics of invasive non-native species. Using individual aquaria and an open channel flume, this study evaluated the effects of water temperature, flow velocity and turbulence interactions on swimming performance of two lentic, invasive non-native fish in the UK, pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva). Burst and sustained swimming tests were conducted at 15, 20 and 25°C. Acoustic Doppler velocimetry was used to measure the flume hydrodynamic flow characteristics. Both L. gibbosus and P. parva occupied the near-bed regions of the flume, conserving energy and seeking refuge in the low mean velocities flow areas despite the relatively elevated turbulent fluctuations, a behaviour which depended on temperature. Burst swimming performance and sustained swimming increased by up to 53% as temperature increased from 15 to 20°C and 71% between 15 and 25°C. Furthermore, fish test area occupancy was dependent on thermal conditions, as well as on time-averaged velocities and turbulent fluctuations. This study suggests that invasive species can benefit from the raised temperatures predicted under climate change forecasts by improving swimming performance in flowing water potentially facilitating their further dispersal and subsequent establishment in lotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Muhawenimana
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AA, UK
| | - J. R. Thomas
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - J. Nefjodova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - A. C. Chapman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - F. C. Williams
- National Fisheries Services, Environment Agency, Huntingdon PE28 4NE, UK
| | - D. G. Davies
- National Fisheries Services, Environment Agency, Huntingdon PE28 4NE, UK
| | - S. W. Griffiths
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - J. Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Warriner TR, Semeniuk CAD, Pitcher TE, Heath DD, Love OP. Mimicking Transgenerational Signals of Future Stress: Thermal Tolerance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Is More Sensitive to Elevated Rearing Temperature Than Exogenously Increased Egg Cortisol. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.548939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nyboer EA, Chrétien E, Chapman LJ. Divergence in aerobic scope and thermal tolerance is related to local thermal regime in two populations of introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:231-245. [PMID: 32333608 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether thermal tolerance and aerobic performance differed between two populations of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) originating from the same source population six decades after their introduction into two lakes in the Lake Victoria basin in East Africa. We used short-term acclimation of juvenile fish to a range of temperatures from ambient to +6°C, and performed critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) and respirometry tests to measure upper thermal tolerance, resting and maximum metabolic rates, and aerobic scope (AS). Across acclimation temperatures, Nile perch from the cooler lake (Lake Nabugabo, Uganda) tended to have lower thermal tolerance (i.e., CTmax ) and lower aerobic performance (i.e., AS) than Nile perch from the warmer waters of Lake Victoria (Bugonga region, Uganda). Effects of temperature acclimation were more pronounced in the Lake Victoria population, with the Lake Nabugabo fish showing less thermal plasticity in most metabolic traits. Our results suggest phenotypic divergence in thermal tolerance between these two introduced populations in a direction consistent with an adaptive response to local thermal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Nyboer
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton Univeristy, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Chrétien
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Jarrold MD, Welch MJ, McMahon SJ, McArley T, Allan BJM, Watson SA, Parsons DM, Pether SMJ, Pope S, Nicol S, Smith N, Herbert N, Munday PL. Elevated CO 2 affects anxiety but not a range of other behaviours in juvenile yellowtail kingfish. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104863. [PMID: 32275516 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated seawater CO2 can cause a range of behavioural impairments in marine fishes. However, most studies to date have been conducted on small benthic species and very little is known about how higher oceanic CO2 levels could affect the behaviour of large pelagic species. Here, we tested the effects of elevated CO2, and where possible the interacting effects of high temperature, on a range of ecologically important behaviours (anxiety, routine activity, behavioural lateralization and visual acuity) in juvenile yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi. Kingfish were reared from the egg stage to 25 days post-hatch in a full factorial design of ambient and elevated CO2 (~500 and ~1000 μatm pCO2) and temperature (21 °C and 25 °C). The effects of elevated CO2 were trait-specific with anxiety the only behaviour significantly affected. Juvenile S. lalandi reared at elevated CO2 spent more time in the dark zone during a standard black-white test, which is indicative of increased anxiety. Exposure to high temperature had no significant effect on any of the behaviours tested. Overall, our results suggest that juvenile S. lalandi are largely behaviourally tolerant to future ocean acidification and warming. Given the ecological and economic importance of large pelagic fish species more studies investigating the effect of future climate change are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jarrold
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Megan J Welch
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Tristan McArley
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Darren M Parsons
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M J Pether
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, Station Road, Ruakaka, 0116, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Pope
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Nicol
- Insitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Neville Smith
- Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community, CPS - B.P, D5 98848, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Neill Herbert
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Leigh, 0985, New Zealand
| | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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Warriner TR, Semeniuk CAD, Pitcher TE, Love OP. Exposure to exogenous egg cortisol does not rescue juvenile Chinook salmon body size, condition, or survival from the effects of elevated water temperatures. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2466-2477. [PMID: 32184994 PMCID: PMC7069292 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is leading to altered temperature regimes which are impacting aquatic life, particularly for ectothermic fish. The impacts of environmental stress can be translated across generations through maternally derived glucocorticoids, leading to altered offspring phenotypes. Although these maternal stress effects are often considered negative, recent studies suggest this maternal stress signal may prepare offspring for a similarly stressful environment (environmental match). We applied the environmental match hypothesis to examine whether a prenatal stress signal can dampen the effects of elevated water temperatures on body size, condition, and survival during early development in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Lake Ontario, Canada. We exposed fertilized eggs to prenatal exogenous egg cortisol (1,000 ng/ml cortisol or 0 ng/ml control) and then reared these dosed groups at temperatures indicative of current (+0°C) and future (+3°C) temperature conditions. Offspring reared in elevated temperatures were smaller and had a lower survival at the hatchling developmental stage. Overall, we found that our exogenous cortisol dose did not dampen effects of elevated rearing temperatures (environmental match) on body size or early survival. Instead, our eyed stage survival indicates that our prenatal cortisol dose may be detrimental, as cortisol-dosed offspring raised in elevated temperatures had lower survival than cortisol-dosed and control reared in current temperatures. Our results suggest that a maternal stress signal may not be able to ameliorate the effects of thermal stress during early development. However, we highlight the importance of interpreting the fitness impacts of maternal stress within an environmentally relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa R. Warriner
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Christina A. D. Semeniuk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Trevor E. Pitcher
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
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Riley WD, Ibbotson AT, Gregory SD, Russell IC, Lauridsen RB, Beaumont WRC, Cook AC, Maxwell DL. Under what circumstances does the capture and tagging of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts affect probability of return as adults? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:477-489. [PMID: 29931783 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult return rates for wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts captured in a rotary screw trap and tagged with coded wire (CW) tags were compared with a control group, using detections from passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennae systems over 7 years in a small chalk stream in southern England, U.K. Compared with control smolts, capture and CW-tagging of experimental smolts affected detected return rates only under certain conditions, with a decreased return probability for smolts caught and tagged following mild winter river temperature anomalies and during the night. Similarly, analysis of the experimental smolts revealed that capture and CW-tagging following mild winters decreased their probability of return as adults. There were also marginal positive effects of length at PIT-tagging as parr and length at CW-tagging as smolts, on individual probability of return as adult. The results support the hypothesis that the effect of procedures involving the capture and tagging of migrating wild S. salar smolts will vary with the circumstances under which they are performed. The implications of the findings are considered in the context of ongoing investigations to derive and report marine return rates for S. salar in support of national and international stock assessments and in developing best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Riley
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Anton T Ibbotson
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, The River Laboratory, Wareham, UK
| | - Stephen D Gregory
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, The River Laboratory, Wareham, UK
| | - Ian C Russell
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Rasmus B Lauridsen
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, The River Laboratory, Wareham, UK
| | - William R C Beaumont
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, The River Laboratory, Wareham, UK
| | - Alastair C Cook
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - David L Maxwell
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK
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Rodgers EM, Cocherell DE, Nguyen TX, Todgham AE, Fangue NA. Plastic responses to diel thermal variation in juvenile green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris. J Therm Biol 2018; 76:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Lennox RJ, Suski CD, Cooke SJ. A macrophysiology approach to watershed science and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:434-440. [PMID: 29353786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwaters are among the most imperiled ecosystems on the planet such that much effort is expended on environmental monitoring to support the management of these systems. Many traditional monitoring efforts focus on abiotic characterization of water quantity or quality and/or indices of biotic integrity that focus on higher scale population or community level metrics such as abundance or diversity. However, these indicators may take time to manifest in degraded systems and delay the identification and restoration of these systems. Physiological indicators manifest rapidly and portend oncoming changes in populations that can hasten restoration and facilitate preventative medicine for degraded habitats. Therefore, assessing freshwater ecosystem integrity using physiological indicators of health is a promising tool to improve freshwater monitoring and restoration. Here, we discuss the value of using comparative, longitudinal physiological data collected at a broad spatial (i.e. watershed) scale (i.e. macrophysiology) as a tool for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health within and among local watersheds to develop timely and effective management plans. There are emerging tools and techniques available for rapid, cost-effective, and non-lethal physiological sampling and we discuss how these can be integrated into management using fish as sentinel indicators in freshwater. Although many examples of this approach are relatively recent, we foresee increasing use of macrophysiology in monitoring, and advocate for the development of more standard tools for consistent and reliable assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lennox
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, United States
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Qi L, Ma J, Song J, Li S, Cui X, Peng X, Wang W, Ren Z, Han M, Zhang Y. The physiological characteristics of zebra fish (Danio rerio) based on metabolism and behavior: A new method for the online assessment of cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1150-1156. [PMID: 28672696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to illustrate heavy metal ecotoxicology associated with interactions between chemicals and biological systems, we investigated physiological changes (metabolism and behavior response) of zebra fish (Danio rerio) under 48 h Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure using online monitoring technique. The concentrations of CdCl2 were designed as 4.26, 42.6 and 85.2 mg/L, which were 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 based on toxic unit (TU), respectively. The metabolism was assessed using the oxygen consumption (OC), and the behavior response was analyzed in behavior strength (BS). Significant inhibition of both OC and BS could be observed: OC was 617.39 ± 30.48 mg/kg/h in the control, and it decreased rapidly to 229.07 ± 28.66 mg/kg/h in 2.0 TU treatment. BS changed from 0.76 ± 0.07 (control) to 0.39 ± 0.04 (2.0 TU) with the increase of exposure concentrations. Further results suggested that both factors were related to diurnal variation during 48 h exposure, which could be regarded as circadian rhythms: the average values of OC and BS during photo-phase were significantly higher than both during scoto-phase in CdCl2 treatments (p < 0.05). After integrated analysis, the original values of both OC and BS with wide fluctuation showed a negative linear relationship with CdCl2 concentration. The levels of both OC and BS were positively correlated with CdCl2 (r = 0.93 and p < 0.01). It is suggested that both OC and BS provide an objective ground for CdCl2 stress assessment, and that also could be applied to test the changes of organisms quantitatively in toxic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhuizi Qi
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Ma
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangge Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- The Control Center of Solid Waste and Hazardous Chemicals of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Han
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Alexandre CM, Palstra AP. Effect of short-term regulated temperature variations on the swimming economy of Atlantic salmon smolts. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox025. [PMID: 28480037 PMCID: PMC5417060 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Migratory species travelling long distances between habitats to spawn or feed are well adapted to optimize their swimming economy. However, human activities, such as river regulation, represent potential threats to fish migration by changing environmental parameters that will have impact on their metabolism. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the swimming energetics of a salmonid species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), caused by short-term temperature variations that usually result from the operation of hydroelectrical dams. Intermittent flow respirometry in swim tunnels allows to obtain high resolution data on oxygen consumption of swimming fish which can reflect aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. This method was used to compare the metabolic rates of oxygen consumption before, during and after sudden thermal change. Control (no temperature variation) and experimental (temperature variation of approximately 4°C in 1 h) swimming trials were conducted to achieve the following objectives: (i) quantify the variations in oxygen consumption associated with abrupt temperature decrease, and (ii) assess if the tested fish return quickly to initial oxygen consumption rates. Main results revealed that Atlantic salmon smolts show a strong response to sudden temperature variation, significantly reducing the oxygen consumption rate up to a seven-fold change. Fish quickly returned to initial swimming costs shortly after reestablishment of temperature values. Results from this study can be used to evaluate the species-specific effects of the applied operation modes by hydroelectrical dams and to increase the success of conservation and management actions directed to fish species inhabiting regulated rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Alexandre
- MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516Évora, Portugal
| | - A. P. Palstra
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Korringaweg 5, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chabot D, McKenzie DJ, Craig JF. Metabolic rate in fishes: definitions, methods and significance for conservation physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1-9. [PMID: 26768969 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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