1
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Stin V, Godoy-Diana R, Bonnet X, Herrel A. Form and function of anguilliform swimming. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39004428 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Anguilliform swimmers are long and narrow animals that propel themselves by undulating their bodies. Observations in nature and recent investigations suggest that anguilliform swimming is highly efficient. However, understanding the underlying reasons for the efficiency of this type of locomotion requires interdisciplinary studies spanning from biology to hydrodynamics. Regrettably, these different fields are rarely discussed together, which hinders our ability to understand the repeated evolution of this swimming mode in vertebrates. This review compiles the current knowledge of the anatomical features that drive anguilliform swimming, compares the resulting kinematics across a wide range of anguilliform swimmers, and describes the resulting hydrodynamic interactions using data from both in vivo experiments and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Stin
- UMR 7636, PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris-PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, 75005, France
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN/CNRS, 43 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ramiro Godoy-Diana
- UMR 7636, PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris-PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Xavier Bonnet
- UMR 7372 Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé, CNRS, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN/CNRS, 43 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, Bern, 3005, Switzerland
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2
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El-Mansi AA, Rady AM, Ibrahim EH, ElBealy E. Cellular patterning and cyto-architectural organization of the skin of electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Siluriformes) with a particular emphasis on its ampullary electroreceptor. ZOOLOGY 2024; 163:126159. [PMID: 38471427 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The functional morphology of the skin of Malapteruridae is presumably evolved to cope with a diversified range of ambient physiological, environmental, and behavioral conditions. Herein, we firstly characterized the microstructures and intriguing patterning of the skin of twelve adult electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Malapteruridae) using histological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and ELISA standard methodology. The skin comprises three sequentially-oriented layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis with a significantly increased thickness of the former. The epidermis contains four types of cells: the surface epithelial cells, mucous cells, granular cells, and club cells. We defined distinctive ampullary electroreceptors in the outer epidermis that possess flask-shaped sensory crypt containing electroreceptor cells together with vertical collagen rods. Dermis and hypodermis are composed of connective tissue; however, the former is much more coarse and dense with comparable reactivity for Masson-Goldner trichrome (MT). Placing our data in the context of the limited body of previous work, we showed subtle changes in the expression of mucin subunits together with cytoskeletal fractions of collagens, myosin, F-actin, keratins, and tubulins. Taken as a whole, our results convincingly showed that the skin of M. electricus shares some structural similarities to other Siluriformes, however, it has some functional modifications that are implicated in protection, defense, and foraging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Rady
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam H Ibrahim
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman ElBealy
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Gu H, Wang H, Zhu S, Yuan D, Dai X, Wang Z. Interspecific differences and ecological correlations between scale number and skin structure in freshwater fishes. Curr Zool 2023; 69:491-500. [PMID: 37614923 PMCID: PMC10443616 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis, dermis, and its derivative scales. There is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes, but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological comparison. This research aimed to improve our understanding of the functional relationship between the scale number and the skin structure in freshwater fishes and to determine which ecological factors affect the scale number and skin structure. First, we presented a method to quantify skin structure in fish and histologically quantified the skin structure of 54 freshwater fishes. Second, we collected the scale number and habitat information of 509 Cyprinidae fishes in China and explored which ecological factors were related to their scale number. Third, common carp and scaleless carp were used as models to study the effects of scale loss on swimming. We found a strong negative correlation between scale thickness and scale number. The main factor affecting the skin structure of fishes was the species' water column position, and the skin of benthic fishes was the most well-developed (thicker skin layers (dermis, epidermis) or more/larger goblet cells and club cells). The scale number was related to two factors, namely, temperature and water column position, and cold, benthic and pelagic adaptation may have contributed to increased scale numbers. Only in benthic fishes, the more well-developed their skin, the more scales. In common carp, scale loss did not affect its swimming performance. In summary, we suggest that there is a rich diversity of skin structure in freshwater fishes, and the scales of fish with well-developed skin tend to degenerate (greater number/smaller size/thinner, or even disappear), but the skin of fish with degenerated scales is not necessarily well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shudang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- QuJing NO.1 Middle School Qing Yuan Campus, QuJing 655099, China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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4
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Yan M, Gu Y, Ma L, Tang J, He C, Zhang J, Mou J. Slime-Groove Drag Reduction Characteristics and Mechanism of Marine Biomimetic Surface. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:4485365. [PMID: 35321354 PMCID: PMC8938083 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4485365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, energy consumption and demand continue to increase, and energy conservation and consumption reduction have become the primary issue facing the world. Improving the energy efficiency of ships not only helps reduce fuel consumption but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions, which is an important guarantee for the green development of the ocean and the maintenance of ecological balance. Through natural selection and adaptation to the environment after evolution, the body surface of organisms generates a variety of ways to resist adhesion and resistance of Marine organisms. Through the study of fish organisms, it is found that the body surface of general fish has mucus, which can effectively reduce the friction resistance of the body surface of fish subjected to seawater. In addition, the grooves on the body surface also help to reduce the resistance between swimming organisms and fluids. Based on the principle of bionics, the drag reduction characteristics and mechanism of fish surface mucus were analyzed. The drag reduction mechanism of bionic nonsmooth surface is analyzed from the aspect of body surface structure. On the basis of the two approaches, the characteristics and mechanism of slime and groove codrag reduction on the surface of Marine organisms were discussed in depth, so as to obtain a better new drag reduction method and provide reference for subsequent related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Yan
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yunqing Gu
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Longbiao Ma
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianxing Tang
- Nanfang Smart Water Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311106, China
| | - Chengdong He
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiegang Mou
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fluid Equipment & Measurement and Control Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Tian G, Jia C. Rheological Properties and Drag Reduction Performance of Puffer Epidermal Mucus. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:460-469. [PMID: 35077127 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most species of fish are covered with mucus, which provides the effect of reduction in swimming drag. In this paper, three concentrations of puffer epidermal mucus were obtained from the epidermal mucosa of puffer. The rheological properties and the drag reduction performance of the puffer epidermal mucus were characterized via a rheometer experimental and numerical simulation method. The relationship between the rheological properties and the drag reduction performance was analyzed and discussed, and the drag reduction mechanism of the puffer epidermal mucus was further explored. The results showed that the best drag reduction rate was 6.2% when the inflow velocity and concentration of puffer epidermal mucus were 0.1 m/s and 18.2 g/L, respectively. The rheological properties of puffer epidermal mucus are viscoelastic, and the mucus forms a sliding surface, which reduces the frictional drag of the fluid. In conclusion, this paper may provide a reference for the development of drag-reducing agents and drag-reducing research studies on other fish mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Marine Mechanical Equipment, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Marine Mechanical Equipment, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guizhong Tian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Marine Mechanical Equipment, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Changfeng Jia
- Department of Technology, Three Gorges New Energy Offshore Wind Power Operation and Maintenance Jiangsu Limited Liability Company, Yancheng 224400, China
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Regenerated Skins Provides Insights into Cutaneous Air-Breathing Formation in Fish. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121294. [PMID: 34943209 PMCID: PMC8698756 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous air-breathing is one of the air-breathing patterns in bimodal respiration fishes, while little is known about its underlying formation mechanisms. Here, we first investigated the skin regeneration of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, a cutaneous air-breathing fish) and yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, a water-breathing fish) through morphological and histological observations. Then, the original skins (OS: MOS, POS) and regenerated skins (RS: MRS, PRS) when their capillaries were the most abundant (the structural foundation of air-breathing in fish) during healing, of the two fish species were collected for high-throughput RNA-seq. A total of 56,054 unigenes and 53,731 unigenes were assembled in loach and yellow catfish, respectively. A total of 640 (460 up- and 180 down-regulated) and 4446 (2340 up- and 2106 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively observed in RS/OS of loach and yellow catfish. Subsequently, the two DEG datasets were clustered in GO, KOG and KEGG databases, and further analyzed by comparison and screening. Consequently, tens of genes and thirteen key pathways were targeted, indicating that these genes and pathways had strong ties to cutaneous skin air-breathing in loach. This study provides new insights into the formation mechanism of cutaneous air-breathing and also offers a substantial contribution to the gene expression profiles of skin regeneration in fish.
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Wei YL, Wen B, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Brain transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in parental care behaviour in discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 309:113793. [PMID: 33887271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parental care is common in mammals and allows offspring to obtain milk, a substance rich in a range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors crucial to the survival of newborns. The discus fish Symphysodon spp., an Amazonian cichlid, shows an unusual behaviour: Free-swimming fry bite on their parents' skin mucus for growth and development during the first month after hatching. This is similar to the breastfeeding behaviour of mammals, but little is known about the regulatory mechanism by which discus secrete 'milk' and the related genes involved in parental care. Here, transcriptome sequencing was performed by using the brain tissues of female discus fish in parental and non-parental care. The results showed that a total of 86 differentially expressed genes (71 up-regulated genes and 15 down-regulated genes) were obtained by comparing parental with non-parental discus fish, including up-regulated LAPTM, FOXB, SOX1S, OTX2 and NR1F2, and down-regulated EDNRB, PRKCD, H1-5 and HBE. Through functional enrichment analysis, a total of 20 pathways were identified, e.g., estrogen signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, vascular smooth muscle contraction, GnRH signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, serotonergic synapse, autophagy-animal and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. These pathways and related genes might play important roles in the regulation of discus 'milk' secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Wei
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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8
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Ha N, Seo E, Kim S, Lee SJ. Adsorption of nanoparticles suspended in a drop on a leaf surface of Perilla frutescens and their infiltration through stomatal pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11556. [PMID: 34079002 PMCID: PMC8172645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has become a severe environmental issue, and ultrafine PM particles such as PM2.5 or PM1 can cause various complications and respiratory diseases to human beings. In particular, heavy metals contained in PM particles can contaminate edible plants; for example, plant leaves are exposed to PM particle-laden raindrops. The contaminated edible plants can injure the human health by ingestion, so a detailed understanding on the accumulation of PM particles inside edible plants is essential. In this study, we investigate the infiltration of PM particles in plant tissues with a hypothesis that ultrafine PM particles are absorbed through stomatal pathways. As an edible test plant, Perilla frutescens is selected. Drops of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) suspension are deposited on a leaf of P. frutescens to simulate the scenario where PM particle-laden raindrops fall on patulous stomata of the test plant. To examine AuNP adsorption on the P. frutescens foliar surface and diffusional AuNP absorption through stomatal apertures, we investigate three physical dynamics of AuNPs suspended in a sessile drop: sedimentation, evaporation-driven convective flow, and shrinkage of the drop interface. Quantitative information on the 3D spatial distribution of AuNPs in plant tissues was measured by X-ray imaging and two-photon excitation microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Seo
- Division of Mechanical Engineering for Creative Emerging Technologies, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Chen D, Cui X, Chen H. Dual-composite drag-reduction surface based on the multilayered structure and mechanical properties of tuna skin. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1862-1872. [PMID: 33665946 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Energy efficiency and friction reduction have attracted considerable research attention. To design low drag surfaces, researchers derived inspiration from nature on various types of drag reduction methods with exceptional functional surfaces, such as fish skin that possesses low friction. Fishes with high-performance swimming possess a range of physiological and mechanical adaptations that are of considerable interest to physiologists, ecologists, and engineers. Although tuna is a fast-swimming ocean-based predator, most people focus their attention on its nutritional value. In this study, the multilayered structures and mechanical properties of tuna skin are first analyzed, and then the drag-reduction effect of the bionic fish-scale and dual-composite surfaces are studied based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The results indicate that tuna skin is composed of five layers, with the fish scale covered by a flexible epidermis layer. According to the uniaxial tension results, the modulus and tensile strength of the epidermis are obtained as 1.17 and 20 MPa, respectively. The nanoindentation results show that the modulus and hardness of the outer surface of the fish scale are larger than that of the inner surface, while those of the dry state are larger than those of the hydrated state. The simulation results show that both the bionic fish-scale and dual-composite surfaces display drag reduction, with the maximum drag-reduction rate of 25.7% achieved by the bionic dual-composite surface. These findings can offer a reference for in-depth performance analysis of the hydrodynamics of tuna and provide new sources of inspiration for drag reduction and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianxian Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Zhang HP, Chen MY, Xu YX, Xu GY, Chen JR, Wang YM, Kang YH, Shan XF, Kong LC, Ma HX. An effective live attenuated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:269-278. [PMID: 32439515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a major pathogenic bacterium in humans and animals. When it causes outbreaks, there are enormous economic losses to the aquaculture industry. An effective live attenuated vaccine strain, ΔhisJ, was obtained in our previous studies by gene knockout in Aeromonas veronii TH0426 using the suicide vector pRE112. Here, we evaluated whether the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ was suitable for prevention of Aeromonas veronii infection by injection and immersion in loaches. Compared with that of the TH0426 wild-type strain, the virulence of the live vaccine was significantly weakened. Vaccine safety assessment results also indicated that 1 × 107 CFU/mL live vaccine was safe and did not induce clinical symptoms or obvious pathological changes. Additionally, after challenging loaches with Aeromonas veronii TH0426, the relative percent survival of the IN3 injection group was 65.66%, and that of the IM group was 50.78%. Our data show that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ can improve the immune protection rate of loaches. Furthermore, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, and AKP) in the skin mucus, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, AKP, and GPx) in the serum, increased specific IgM antibodies and cytokine IL-1β contents in the serum, and increased cytokine (IL-15, pIgR, IL-1β, and TNF-α) expression in the liver and spleen were observed. These data are the first to indicate that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ is suitable for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in loach aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meng-Yao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guan-Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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