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Chen YT, Chen SJ, Hu CY, Dong CD, Chen CW, Singhania RR, Hsieh SL. Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using Monascus purpureus: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5679. [PMID: 37570647 PMCID: PMC10419882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish bone fermented using Monascus purpureus (FBF) has total phenols and functional amino acids that contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers and the third largest cause of death worldwide, has become a serious threat to global health. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of FBF (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/mL) on the cell growth and molecular mechanism of HCT-116 cells. The HCT-116 cell treatment with 2.5 or 5 mg/mL of FBF for 24 h significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.05). The S and G2/M phases significantly increased by 88-105% and 25-43%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, FBF increased the mRNA expression of caspase 8 (38-77%), protein expression of caspase 3 (34-94%), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (31-34%) and induced apoptosis (236-773%) of HCT-116 cells (p < 0.05). FBF also increased microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) (38-48%) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase class III (PI3K III) (32-53%) protein expression, thereby inducing autophagy (26-52%) of HCT-116 cells (p < 0.05). These results showed that FBF could inhibit HCT-116 cell growth by inducing S and G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, FBF has the potential to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yi Hu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; (C.-D.D.); (C.-W.C.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; (C.-D.D.); (C.-W.C.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; (C.-D.D.); (C.-W.C.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
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Zargar S, Wani TA, Rizwan Ahamad S. An Insight into Wheat Germ Oil Nutrition, Identification of Its Bioactive Constituents and Computer-Aided Multidimensional Data Analysis of Its Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Molecular Connections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020526. [PMID: 36836883 PMCID: PMC9960255 DOI: 10.3390/life13020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ oil (WGO) is the richest source of unexplored antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this study, we identified the constituents of WGO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic behaviors were evaluated for the top 12 constituents with the common target FABP4. Three fatty acids with significant anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated for their interaction with FABP4 by molecular docking. The molecular mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory responses were analyzed by various in-silico analytical tools and multidimensional data analysis. WGO showed anti-inflammatory activities via FABP4 interacting physically with target genes (77.84%) and by co-expressing with 8.01% genes. Primary targets for inflammatory pathways were PPARα, PPARγ, LPL, LEP, and ADIPOQ, as depicted by gene network enrichment analysis. The key pathways implicated were the metabolism of lipids, PPAR signaling, cellular response to alcohol, oxygen and nitrogen pathway, inflammatory response pathway, and regulation of the inflammatory pathway. The common transcription factors implicated were HNF1, AP2α, CEBP, FOX, STATS, MYC, Zic, etc. In this study, we found that WGO possesses anti-inflammatory potential via FABP4 binding to PPARα, PPARγ, LPL, LEP, and ADIPOQ gene expression by regulatory transcription factors HNF, AP2α, and CEPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khosroshahi ED, Razavi SH. Wheat germ valorization by fermentation: A novel insight into the stabilization, nutritional/functional values and therapeutic potentials with emphasis on anti-cancer effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fărcaș AC, Socaci SA, Nemeș SA, Pop OL, Coldea TE, Fogarasi M, Biriș-Dorhoi ES. An Update Regarding the Bioactive Compound of Cereal By-Products: Health Benefits and Potential Applications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173470. [PMID: 36079730 PMCID: PMC9460243 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal processing generates around 12.9% of all food waste globally. Wheat bran, wheat germ, rice bran, rice germ, corn germ, corn bran, barley bran, and brewery spent grain are just a few examples of wastes that may be exploited to recover bioactive compounds. As a result, a long-term strategy for developing novel food products and ingredients is encouraged. High-value compounds like proteins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, ferulic acid, and other phenols, tocopherols, or β-glucans are found in cereal by-products. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the bioactive compounds recovered from cereal by-products, emphasizing their functional values and potential human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Silvia Amalia Nemeș
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Suzana Biriș-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Liaqat H, Jeong E, Kim KJ, Kim JY. Effect of wheat germ on metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:739-749. [PMID: 32523783 PMCID: PMC7256174 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the association of wheat germ interventions and metabolic markers. An electronic search was performed by mid-May 2019 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Quality was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tools. Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, among which ten were suitable and systematically reviewed based on biomarkers (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and oxidative stress). Three biomarkers in five eligible studies were investigated by meta-analysis. Total cholesterol showed non-significant results (p = 0.98), with standard mean difference (SMD) of − 0.01 (95% confidence interval; − 0.17, 0.16). The SMD was − 0.06 (95% CI − 0.41, 0.29, n = 4) for triglycerides and − 0.09 (95% CI − 0.62, 0.45, n = 2) for glucose. No biomarkers showed heterogeneity (0%). This review revealed non-significant association between wheat germ interventions and metabolic markers. Sensitive analysis with high-quality RCTs may be worth trying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Eunseon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea.,Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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Amin AH, Bughdadi FA, Abo-Zaid MA, Ismail AH, El-Agamy SA, Alqahtani A, El-Sayyad HIH, Rezk BM, Ramadan MF. Immunomodulatory effect of papaya (Carica papaya) pulp and seed extracts as a potential natural treatment for bacterial stress. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13050. [PMID: 31571245 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Carica papaya pulp and seeds methanol (MeOH) extracts on mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 10 active constituents in C. papaya seed MeOH extract and 10 compounds in C. papaya pulp MeOH extract. The experimental animals were divided into negative control (G1) group, positive control (G2) group, pulp extract treated (G3) group, and seed extract treated (G4) group. After infection of animals (G2, G3, and G4), treatments were started for 3 weeks. Estimation of the immunological parameters showed a marked decrease in IgM levels and an increase in IgG levels in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1) were decreased in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. Nitric oxide levels were also decreased, and the percentages of phagocytosis increased compared with those of G2. The results demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of C. papaya pulp and seeds MeOH extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Based on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities exhibited by the pulp and seed MeOH extracts investigated in this study, Carica papaya might be considered as a natural source of phytochemicals that could be utilized in novel foods and pharmaceuticals. Further investigation are needed to identify and purify compounds that might be responsible for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Faisal A Bughdadi
- Biology Department, University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabrouk A Abo-Zaid
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Ismail
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Agamy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alqahtani
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bashir Mahmoud Rezk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Taran O, Patel V, Lynn DG. Small molecule reaction networks that model the ROS dynamics of the rhizosphere. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3602-3605. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08940j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecules released by plants and bacteria form complex abiotic reaction diffusion networks that might regulate the ROS dynamics along the roots of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Taran
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology
- Emory University
- USA
| | - Vraj Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology
- Emory University
- USA
| | - David G. Lynn
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology
- Emory University
- USA
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