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Mohammed DM, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Alhossan A, Al-Serwi RH, Farouk A. Impact of Some Natural and Artificial Sweeteners Consumption on Different Hormonal Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Male Rats: In Vivo and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30364-30380. [PMID: 39035958 PMCID: PMC11256323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Substituting sugar with noncaloric sweeteners prevents overweight and diabetes development. They come in two types: artificial, like aspartame and sucralose, and natural, such as sorbitol. This research aimed to assess the effects of sucrose and these sweeteners on nutritional parameters, hematological parameters, hormones, and anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in male rats. Thirty rats had been separated into five groups. The results showed the highest significant increase in body weight gain, total food intake, and feed efficiency noticed in the aspartame group followed by sucralose, sucrose, and sorbitol, respectively. In contrast to RBCs and platelets, all sweeteners significantly reduced the hemoglobin level, Hct %, and WBC count. The aspartame group showed the highest decline in glycoproteins, steroids, and T3, and T4 hormones and a dramatic elevation in thyroid stimulating hormone, eicosanoid, and amine hormones compared with the control group. A vigorous elevation in anti- and proinflammatory cytokine levels was observed in the aspartame group, followed by sucralose, sucrose, and sorbitol groups. Aspartame has the highest docking scores when studying the interactions of sweeteners and a target protein associated with hormones or cytokines using in silico molecular docking, with the best absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity properties compared to the remaining sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mostafa Mohammed
- Nutrition
and Food Sciences Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy—College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department
of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Farouk
- Flavour
and
Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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2
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Antasouras G, Dakanalis A, Chrysafi M, Papadopoulou SK, Trifonidi I, Spanoudaki M, Alexatou O, Pritsa A, Louka A, Giaginis C. Could Insulin Be a Better Regulator of Appetite/Satiety Balance and Body Weight Maintenance in Response to Glucose Exposure Compared to Sucrose Substitutes? Unraveling Current Knowledge and Searching for More Appropriate Choices. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38921683 PMCID: PMC11205552 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin exerts a crucial impact on glucose control, cellular growing, function, and metabolism. It is partially modulated by nutrients, especially as a response to the intake of foods, including carbohydrates. Moreover, insulin can exert an anorexigenic effect when inserted into the hypothalamus of the brain, in which a complex network of an appetite/hunger control system occurs. The current literature review aims at thoroughly summarizing and scrutinizing whether insulin release in response to glucose exposure may be a better choice to control body weight gain and related diseases compared to the use of sucrose substitutes (SSs) in combination with a long-term, well-balanced diet. METHODS This is a comprehensive literature review, which was performed through searching in-depth for the most accurate scientific databases and applying effective and relevant keywords. RESULTS The insulin action can be inserted into the hypothalamic orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, activating several anorexigenic peptides, increasing the hedonic aspect of food intake, and effectively controlling the human body weight. In contrast, SSs appear not to affect the orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, resulting in more cases of uncontrolled body weight maintenance while also increasing the risk of developing related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Most evidence, mainly derived from in vitro and in vivo animal studies, has reinforced the insulin anorexigenic action in the hypothalamus of the brain. Simultaneously, most available clinical studies showed that SSs during a well-balanced diet either maintain or even increase body weight, which may indirectly be ascribed to the fact that they cannot cover the hedonic aspect of food intake. However, there is a strong demand for long-term longitudinal surveys to effectively specify the impact of SSs on human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Ioulia Trifonidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
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Rico JL, Aya-Ramos L, Dueñas Z. Effects of early-life stress followed by access to stevia or sucralose during adolescence on weight gain, glycemia, and anxiety-related behaviors in male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 280:114529. [PMID: 38555006 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Early-life stress and subsequent high-calorie diets during adolescence are known to be risk factors for developing metabolic and psychological disorders. Although non-nutritive sweeteners such as stevia and sucralose have been a useful alternative to reduce sugar consumption, the effects of prolonged consumption of these sweeteners on metabolism and behavior in adolescents remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of early-stress followed by access to stevia or sucralose during adolescence on weight gain, glycemia, and anxiety-related behaviors in male and female rats. During postnatal days (PNDs) 1-21, pups were separated twice a day, for 180 min each time, from their dam nest while non-separated pups served as controls. The pups were weaned, separated by sex and randomly distributed into the stevia, sucralose and water conditions. During PNDs 26-50, two bottles containing water and stevia or sucralose were placed in the animal home-cages, and body weight and blood glucose measures were scored. On PNDs 50 and 51, behavioral measures were obtained in the open-field test. Results showed that male rats consuming stevia reduced body weight gain, blood glucose and increased locomotion. Early-stress led to low blood glucose and alterations in anxiety and locomotion-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Moreover, sucralose access during adolescence reversed the effects of early-stress on anxiety-related behaviors in female rats. The results suggest that the consumption of stevia and sucralose could be an alternative for the replacement of sugar-sweetened beverages, especially in adolescents who have had adverse early-life experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Leonardo Rico
- Facultad de Psicología, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Laura Aya-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Zulma Dueñas
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia.
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Kearns ML, Reynolds CM. The impact of non-nutritive sweeteners on fertility, maternal and child health outcomes: a review of human and animal studies. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38433591 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that an unhealthy diet greatly increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction and obesity. While fat intake is typically associated with the onset of obesity and its comorbidities, there is increasing evidence linking sugar, particularly high fructose corn syrup, to the global rise in obesity rates. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of added sugar intake during pregnancy on mother and child have been clearly outlined. Guidelines advising pregnant women to avoid food and beverages with high fat and sugar have led to an increase in consumption of 'diet' or 'light' options. Examination of some human birth cohort studies shows that heavy consumption (at least one beverage a day) of non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) containing beverages has been associated with increased risk of preterm birth and increased weight/BMI in male offspring independent of maternal weight, which appears to be offset by breastfeeding for 6 months. Rodent models have shown that NNS exposure during pregnancy can impact maternal metabolic health, adipose tissue function, gut microbiome profiles and taste preference. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are multifaceted and further research, particularly in a translational setting is required to fully understand the effects of NNS on maternal and infant health during pregnancy. Therefore, this review examines maternal sweetener intakes and their influence on fertility, maternal health outcomes and offspring outcomes in human cohort studies and rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Kearns
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science/Conway Institute/Institute of Food and Health/Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science/Conway Institute/Institute of Food and Health/Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Staltner R, Sánchez V, Bergheim I, Baumann A. Acute Intake of Sucrose but Not of the Intense Sweetener Sucralose Is Associated with Post-Prandial Endotoxemia in Healthy Young Adults-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4038. [PMID: 37764821 PMCID: PMC10537596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-rich diets, but also the use of intense sweeteners, may alter intestinal barrier function. Here, we assessed the effect of sucrose and sucralose on post-prandial endotoxemia in a randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded crossover-designed study. Following a 2-day standardization of their diet, healthy men and women received a beverage containing either sucrose, sucralose (iso-sweet) or an isocaloric combination of sucralose + maltodextrin. Plasma endotoxin levels were measured after consumption of the respective beverages. Moreover, the effect of sucrose and sucralose on intestinal permeability was assessed in Caco-2 cells and ex vivo in an everted gut sac model. The nutritional standardization recommended by nutrition societies was associated with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels. The intake of the sucrose-sweetened beverage resulted in a significant increase in plasma endotoxin levels while being unchanged after the intake of sucralose-sweetened beverages. In Caco-2 cells, the challenge with sucrose but not with sucralose significantly increased the permeation of the bacterial endotoxin across the cell monolayer. Xylose permeation in small intestinal everted tissue sacs was significantly higher upon the challenge with sucrose while remaining unchanged in sucralose-challenged sacs. Our data suggest that an acute intake of physiologically relevant amounts of sucrose but not of sucralose can result in post-prandial endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Morales-Ríos EI, García-Machorro J, Briones-Aranda A, Gómez-Pliego R, Espinosa-Raya J. Effect of Long-term Intake of Nutritive and Non-nutritive Sweeteners on Metabolic Health and Cognition in Adult Male Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:1059-1065. [PMID: 35951019 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of long-term intake of nutritive sweeteners (NSs) and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on body weight, food and energy intake, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, and memory retention in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 per group): control (water),10% sucrose (SUC), aspartame (ASP), sucralose (SCA), stevia (STV), and 5% xylitol (XYL). Pure NSs (SUC and XYL) and NNSs were added to the drinking water for 18 weeks. ASP, SCA, and STV dosage was based on the estimated daily intake limit: 4.1, 2.0, and 3.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Chronic access to NNSs did not result in any difference in total weight gain of the rats, while it was significantly elevated in the SUC group compared with the control and NNSs groups. Food intake was significantly lower in all NNSs groups compared with SUC and control groups. Sweetened beverage intake volumes were significantly diminished in all NNSs groups compared with intake in SUC and control groups. Total calories consumed were lower for the STV and XYL groups compared with all other groups. Blood pressure and glucose metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups. All sweeteners increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in the ASP group in the novel object recognition task, while long-term memory was impaired in SUC and STV groups. These metabolic and behavioral results suggest that the long-term intake of NSs or NNSs can be associated with peripheral and central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Iván Morales-Ríos
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jazmín García-Machorro
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas, México
| | - Raquel Gómez-Pliego
- Sección de Ciencias de la Salud Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México
| | - Judith Espinosa-Raya
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Movahedian M, Golzan SA, Ashtary-Larky D, Clark CCT, Asbaghi O, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34882023 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been posited that Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) intake may affect lipid profile. However, its proven effects on lipid profile are unclear, as clinical studies on this topic have produced inconsistent results. To fill this gap in knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners consumption on lipid profile markers. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search up to April 2021 was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE, using relevant keywords. A random-effect model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (95% CI) for TG, TC, and LDL. On the other hand, a fixed-effect model was used to estimate the WMD and 95% CI for HDL. Fourteen RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that NNS did not affect TG (WMD:-1.31, 95% CI:-5.89, 3.27 mg/dl), TC (WMD:-2.27,95% CI:-7.61,3.07 mg/dl), LDL (WMD:1,95% CI: -2.72, 4.71 mg/dl), and HDL (WMD:0.06, 95% CI:-0.62,0.73 mg/dl). Subgroup analysis showed that NNS may be related to a small, but statistically significant, increase in LDL (WMD:4.23, 95% CI:0.50,7.96 mg/dl) in subjects with normal levels of LDL (<100 mg/dl). We found that consumption of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners is not associated with lipid profile changes in adults. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021250025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Movahedian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Neves N, Ribeiro N, Esteves C, Barros P. Determination of sweeteners in wine by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS). CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sweeteners are food additive substances that give a sweet taste to foods but their use in oenological practices is forbidden. Making use of the capabilities of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, a method for wine analysis was developed and validated for the detection and quantitation of some of the most widely used sweeteners: aspartame, potassium acesulfame, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose and stevioside. A matrix-matched calibration was used for all compounds obtaining a linear concentration range from 50 μg/L to 1000 μg/L. The limit of detection ranged from 0.002 mg/L to 0.014 mg/L, and the limit of quantification varied between 0.005 mg/L and 0.048 mg/L. Precision and recovery were assessed for 50 μg/L, 250 μg/L and 1000 μg/L with repeatability and intermediate precision values from 0.6% to 21.6% and 2.7% to 26.4% respectively, and recoveries ranging from 60% to 126%. These results were achieved using minimal sample preparation with a fast and high throughput method that is applicable to a wide range of wine matrices.
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