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Martini A, Sahd L, Rücklin M, Huysseune A, Hall BK, Boglione C, Witten PE. Deformity or variation? Phenotypic diversity in the zebrafish vertebral column. J Anat 2023; 243:960-981. [PMID: 37424444 PMCID: PMC10641053 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebral bodies are composed of two types of metameric elements, centra and arches, each of which is considered as a developmental module. Most parts of the teleost vertebral column have a one-to-one relationship between centra and arches, although, in all teleosts, this one-to-one relationship is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton. Deviation from the one-to-one relationship occurs in most vertebrates, related to changes in the number of vertebral centra or to a change in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations also occur predominantly in the caudal region of the vertebral column. In-depth phenotypic analysis of wild-type zebrafish was performed using whole-mount stained samples, histological analyses and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy 3D reconstructions. Three deviant centra phenotypes were observed: (i) fusion of two vertebral centra, (ii) wedge-shaped hemivertebrae and (iii) centra with reduced length. Neural and haemal arches and their spines displayed bilateral and unilateral variations that resemble vertebral column phenotypes of stem-ward actinopterygians or other gnathostomes as well as pathological conditions in extant species. Whether it is possible to distinguish variations from pathological alterations and whether alterations resemble ancestral conditions is discussed in the context of centra and arch variations in other vertebrate groups and basal actinopterygian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauren Sahd
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Department of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian K Hall
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Kerniske FF, Pena Castro J, De la Ossa-Guerra LE, Mayer BA, Abilhoa V, de Paiva Affonso I, Ferreira Artoni R. Spinal malformations in a naturally isolated Neotropical fish population. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12239. [PMID: 34721968 PMCID: PMC8541325 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish populations that reside in completely isolated freshwater ecosystems are rare worldwide. The Vila Velha State Park (VVSP), located in southern Brazil, is recognized for its arenitic formations called sinkholes (furnas), which are completely isolated. Fish populations within, such as those of Psalidodon aff. fasciatus, often develop vertebral malformations due to this isolation from other conspecifics and other species. In this study, we analyzed geometric morphology in digital radiographs to identify congenital deformations of Psalidodon aff. fasciatus in Furna 2 of VVSP. We found many fish with spinal deformities, including wide variation in the number of caudal vertebrae and corporal deformations related to a flattened body and spinal curvature. Females were more affected than males. We also demonstrated that these deformations reflect inbreeding and an absence of gene flow in the population. In conclusion, isolated populations such as fish species in furnas are potential models for evo-devo research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Pena Castro
- Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luz Elena De la Ossa-Guerra
- Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Angelina Mayer
- Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Abilhoa
- Capão da Imbuia Natural History Museum, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Kague E, Turci F, Newman E, Yang Y, Brown KR, Aglan MS, Otaify GA, Temtamy SA, Ruiz-Perez VL, Cross S, Royall CP, Witten PE, Hammond CL. 3D assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration in zebrafish identifies changes in bone density that prime disc disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34465741 PMCID: PMC8408153 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Back pain is a common condition with a high social impact and represents a global health burden. Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is one of the major causes of back pain; no therapeutics are currently available to reverse this disease. The impact of bone mineral density (BMD) on IVDD has been controversial, with some studies suggesting osteoporosis as causative for IVDD and others suggesting it as protective for IVDD. Functional studies to evaluate the influence of genetic components of BMD in IVDD could highlight opportunities for drug development and repurposing. By taking a holistic 3D approach, we established an aging zebrafish model for spontaneous IVDD. Increased BMD in aging, detected by automated computational analysis, is caused by bone deformities at the endplates. However, aged zebrafish spines showed changes in bone morphology, microstructure, mineral heterogeneity, and increased fragility that resembled osteoporosis. Elements of the discs recapitulated IVDD symptoms found in humans: the intervertebral ligament (equivalent to the annulus fibrosus) showed disorganized collagen fibers and herniation, while the disc center (nucleus pulposus equivalent) showed dehydration and cellular abnormalities. We manipulated BMD in young zebrafish by mutating sp7 and cathepsin K, leading to low and high BMD, respectively. Remarkably, we detected IVDD in both groups, demonstrating that low BMD does not protect against IVDD, and we found a strong correlation between high BMD and IVDD. Deep learning was applied to high-resolution synchrotron µCT image data to analyze osteocyte 3D lacunar distribution and morphology, revealing a role of sp7 in controlling the osteocyte lacunar 3D profile. Our findings suggest potential avenues through which bone quality can be targeted to identify beneficial therapeutics for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Francesco Turci
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elis Newman
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yushi Yang
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mona S. Aglan
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Otaify
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Temtamy
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomedicas de Madrid, and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Cross
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Patrick Royall
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P. Eckhard Witten
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Macoretta CL, Miranda LA. Cooling of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens (Teleostei, Osphronemidae) embryos at low temperatures. Cryobiology 2021; 101:78-86. [PMID: 34081926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) has great importance as an ornamental aquarium fish as well as laboratory model species. Due to its rapid development, a cooling-embryo protocol could provide some advantages in their transportation, embryonic synchronization, and optimization of hatcheries. In this context, this work aimed to develop a protocol to storage B. splendens embryos at two temperatures (5 and 14 °C), testing three cryoprotective solutions (S1: 0.5 M sucrose, 1.5 M methanol; S2: 0.25 M sucrose, 0.75 M methanol; and S3: 0.125 M sucrose, 0.375 M methanol) and evaluating the quality of the larvae obtained. Moreover, a method to isolate the embryos from the bubble nest constructed by the male and to incubate them without parental care was applied in this study. The cooling assays were done using embryos of 24-h-post-fertilization at 26 °C and the results demonstrated that it is possible to store these embryos deprived of cryoprotectants at 5 °C for at least 6-h without negative effects. Meanwhile, S2 and S3 were the most suitable solutions for its storage for 9-h at 5 °C or 24-h at 14 °C, obtaining 77% hatching and 52% normal larvae in the first case or 88% hatching and 81% larvae with mild abnormalities in the second one. Indeed, type and frequency of larval abnormalities were evaluated and, remarkably, a partial recovery was described on malformed larvae from embryo cooled at 14 °C. Finally, this work is the first report about the cooling of B. splendens embryos and establishes the conditions for further studies on this field with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leandro Macoretta
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, (CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8.200, B7130IWA, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Andrés Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, (CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8.200, B7130IWA, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Lovett BA, Firth EC, Tuck ID, Symonds JE, Walker SP, Perrott MR, Davie PS, Munday JS, Preece MA, Herbert NA. Radiographic characterisation of spinal curvature development in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha throughout seawater production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20039. [PMID: 33208797 PMCID: PMC7674505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal anomalies are a recognised source of downgrading in finfish aquaculture, but identifying their cause(s) is difficult and often requires extensive knowledge of the underlying pathology. Late-onset spinal curvatures (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis) can affect up to 40% of farmed New Zealand Chinook (king) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at harvest, but little is known about their pathogenesis. Curvature development was radiographically documented in two related cohorts of commercially-farmed Chinook salmon throughout seawater production to determine (1) the timing of radiographic onset and relationships between (2) the curvature types, (3) the spinal regions in which they develop and (4) their associations with co-existing vertebral body anomalies (vertebral compression, fusion and vertical shift). Onset of curvature varied between individuals, but initially occurred eight months post-seawater transfer. There were strong associations between the three curvature types and the four recognised spinal regions: lordosis was predominantly observed in regions (R)1 and R3, kyphosis in R2 and R4, manifesting as a distinct pattern of alternating lordosis and kyphosis from head to tail. This was subsequently accompanied by scoliosis, which primarily manifested in spinal regions R2 and R3, where most of the anaerobic musculature is concentrated. Co-existing vertebral body anomalies, of which vertebral compression and vertical shift were most common, appeared to arise either independent of curvature development or as secondary effects. Our results suggest that spinal curvature in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon constitutes a late-onset, rapidly-developing lordosis-kyphosis-scoliosis (LKS) curvature complex with a possible neuromuscular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Lovett
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - E C Firth
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - I D Tuck
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - J E Symonds
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - S P Walker
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - M R Perrott
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - P S Davie
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - J S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - M A Preece
- The New Zealand King Salmon Company Ltd., Picton, 7220, New Zealand
| | - N A Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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6
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Davie PS, Walker SP, Perrott MR, Symonds JE, Preece M, Lovett BA, Munday JS. Vertebral fusions in farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in New Zealand. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:965-974. [PMID: 31131473 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral fusions are an established economic concern in farmed Atlantic salmon, but have not been studied in detail in farmed Chinook salmon. Two radiographic studies of vertebral fusions were performed in farmed Chinook salmon. Sixteen of 1,301 (1.2%) smolt and 201 of 2,636 (7.6%) harvest fish had fusions. There were no significant differences in the number of fused vertebrae/fusion in smolt compared with harvest fish. Secondly, tagged fish were repeatedly radiographed to determine the progression of the fusions. Nineteen (4.4%), 23 (5.3%) and 39 (9.0%) fish had fusions as smolt, after 129 days in sea water, and at harvest, respectively. There were no significant differences in the average number of vertebra/fusion between the three time points. Of the fusions that were observed in smolt, additional vertebra did not become fused in 81% of the lesions. Within the rare fusions that did progress due to the involvement of adjacent vertebra, an average of 1.6 vertebrae were added per year. Fish with fusions were significantly lighter than non-affected fish at harvest. Fusions are common in farmed Chinook salmon; however, they are typically stable after development. As fish with fusions were lighter at harvest, reducing fusions may have an economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Davie
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew R Perrott
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark Preece
- New Zealand King Salmon, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Bailey A Lovett
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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