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Papini G, Petrella G, Cicero DO, Boglione C, Rakaj A. Identification and quantification of polystyrene microplastics in marine sediments facing a river mouth through NMR spectroscopy. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115784. [PMID: 38016207 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification and quantification of microplastic pollution in marine sediments are crucial for assessing their ecological impact. In this study, we explored the potential of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the analysis of microplastics in complex environmental matrices such as marine sediments. Two common plastic polymers, polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), were investigated. The marine sediments facing the Tiber River mouth (Italy) were collected according to a bathymetric gradient. Results demonstrated the successful detection and quantification of PS in all sediment samples (within a range of 12.3-64.6 μg/L), while no ABS significant signals were found. An increment trend with depth was observed in the PS signal, relatable to its physicochemical properties and the Tiber River plume hydrodynamic characteristics. The NMR's non-destructive nature and minimal sample preparation represent a promising avenue for standardizing protocols to assess the microplastic distribution and impact in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Papini
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
| | - Greta Petrella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Arnold Rakaj
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences, CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
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2
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Martini A, Sahd L, Rücklin M, Huysseune A, Hall BK, Boglione C, Witten PE. Deformity or variation? Phenotypic diversity in the zebrafish vertebral column. J Anat 2023; 243:960-981. [PMID: 37424444 PMCID: PMC10641053 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebral bodies are composed of two types of metameric elements, centra and arches, each of which is considered as a developmental module. Most parts of the teleost vertebral column have a one-to-one relationship between centra and arches, although, in all teleosts, this one-to-one relationship is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton. Deviation from the one-to-one relationship occurs in most vertebrates, related to changes in the number of vertebral centra or to a change in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations also occur predominantly in the caudal region of the vertebral column. In-depth phenotypic analysis of wild-type zebrafish was performed using whole-mount stained samples, histological analyses and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy 3D reconstructions. Three deviant centra phenotypes were observed: (i) fusion of two vertebral centra, (ii) wedge-shaped hemivertebrae and (iii) centra with reduced length. Neural and haemal arches and their spines displayed bilateral and unilateral variations that resemble vertebral column phenotypes of stem-ward actinopterygians or other gnathostomes as well as pathological conditions in extant species. Whether it is possible to distinguish variations from pathological alterations and whether alterations resemble ancestral conditions is discussed in the context of centra and arch variations in other vertebrate groups and basal actinopterygian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauren Sahd
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Department of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian K Hall
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dellacqua Z, Di Biagio C, Costa C, Pousão-Ferreira P, Ribeiro L, Barata M, Gavaia PJ, Mattei F, Fabris A, Izquierdo M, Boglione C. Distinguishing the Effects of Water Volumes versus Stocking Densities on the Skeletal Quality during the Pre-Ongrowing Phase of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040557. [PMID: 36830345 PMCID: PMC9951685 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) production is a highly valued aquaculture industry in Europe. The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed gilthead seabream represents a major bottleneck for the industry leading to economic losses, negative impacts on the consumers' perception of aquaculture, and animal welfare issues for the fish. Although past work has primarily focused on the hatchery phase to reduce the incidence of skeletal anomalies, this work targets the successive pre-ongrowing phase in which more severe anomalies affecting the external shape often arise. This work aimed to test the effects of: (i) larger and smaller tank volumes, stocked at the same density; and (ii) higher and lower stocking densities maintained in the same water volume, on the skeleton of gilthead seabream fingerlings reared for ~63 days at a pilot scale. Experimental rearing was conducted with gilthead seabream juveniles (~6.7 ± 2.5 g), which were selected as 'non-deformed' based on external inspection, stocked at three different densities (Low Density (LD): 5 kg/m3; Medium Density (MD): 10 kg/m3; High Density (HD): 20 kg/m3) in both 500 L and 1000 L tanks. Gilthead seabream were sampled for growth performance and radiographed to assess the skeletal elements at the beginning and end of the experimental trial. Results revealed that (i) LD fish were significantly longer than HD fish, although there were no differences in final weights, regardless of the water volume; (ii) an increase in the prevalence of seabream exhibiting cranial and vertebral axis anomalies was found to be associated with increased density. These results suggest that farmers can significantly reduce the presence of some cranial and axis anomalies affecting pre-ongrown gilthead seabream by reducing the stocking density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dellacqua
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Ecoaqua Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-351-857-0196
| | - Claudia Di Biagio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corrado Costa
- CREA—Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA—Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera—Research Station, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- IPMA—Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera—Research Station, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marisa Barata
- IPMA—Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera—Research Station, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Francesco Mattei
- UMR 7093, Laboratoire d’Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne University, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Andrea Fabris
- Associazione Piscicoltori Italiani, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Ecoaqua Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Clara Boglione
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Di Biagio C, Dellacqua Z, Martini A, Huysseune A, Scardi M, Witten PE, Boglione C. A Baseline for Skeletal Investigations in Medaka ( Oryzias latipes): The Effects of Rearing Density on the Postcranial Phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893699. [PMID: 35846331 PMCID: PMC9281570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryzias latipes is increasingly used as a model in biomedical skeletal research. The standard approach is to generate genetic variants with particular skeletal phenotypes which resemble skeletal diseases in humans. The proper diagnosis of skeletal variation is key for this type of research. However, even laboratory rearing conditions can alter skeletal phenotypes. The subject of this study is the link between skeletal phenotypes and rearing conditions. Thus, wildtype medaka were reared from hatching to an early juvenile stage at low (LD: 5 individuals/L), medium (MD: 15 individuals/L), and high (HD: 45 individuals/L) densities. The objectives of the study are: (I) provide a comprehensive overview of the postcranial skeletal elements in medaka; (II) evaluate the effects of rearing density on specific meristic counts and on the variability in type and incidence of skeletal anomalies; (III) define the best laboratory settings to obtain a skeletal reference for a sound evaluation of future experimental conditions; (IV) contribute to elucidating the structural and cellular changes related to the onset of skeletal anomalies. The results from this study reveal that rearing densities greater than 5 medaka/L reduce the animals' growth. This reduction is related to decreased mineralization of dermal (fin rays) and perichondral (fin supporting elements) bone. Furthermore, high density increases anomalies affecting the caudal fin endoskeleton and dermal rays, and the preural vertebral centra. A series of static observations on Alizarin red S whole mount-stained preural fusions provide insights into the etiology of centra fusion. The fusion of preural centra involves the ectopic formation of bony bridges over the intact intervertebral ligament. An apparent consequence is the degradation of the intervertebral ligaments and the remodeling and reshaping of the fused vertebral centra into a biconoid-shaped centrum. From this study it can be concluded that it is paramount to take into account the rearing conditions, natural variability, skeletal phenotypic plasticity, and the genetic background along with species-specific peculiarities when screening for skeletal phenotypes of mutant or wildtype medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Biagio
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Gent University, Department of Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Zachary Dellacqua
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (ECOAQUA), Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Gent University, Department of Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michele Scardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Gent University, Department of Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
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Martini A, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Boglione C. Plasticity of the skeleton and skeletal deformities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) linked to rearing density. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:971-986. [PMID: 32010967 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio), an established model for human skeletal diseases, is reared under controlled conditions with defined parameters for temperature and photoperiod. Studies aimed at defining the proper rearing density have been performed with regard to behavioural and physiological stress response, sex ratio and reproduction. Studies concerning the effect of rearing density on the skeletal phenotype are lacking. This study analyses the response of the skeleton to different rearing densities and describes the skeletal deformities. Wild-type zebrafish were reared up to 30 dpf (days post-fertilization) in a common environment. From 30 to 90 dpf, animals were reared at three different densities: high density (HD), 32 fish l-1 ; medium density (MD), 8 fish l-1 and low density (LD), 2 fish l-1 . Animals at 30 and 90 dpf were collected and whole-mount stained with Alizarin red S to visualize mineralized tissues. The entire skeleton was analysed for meristic counts and 172 types of deformities. The results showed that the rearing density significantly influenced the specimens' average standard length, which decreased with the increase in the rearing density. Differences in meristic counts among the three groups were not observed. Rearing density-independent malformations affected the ribs, neural arches and the spines of the abdominal region, as well as vertebrae of the caudal complex. The HD group showed the highest number of deformities per specimen, the highest number of observed types of deformities and, together with the MD group, the highest frequency of specimens affected by severe deformities. In particular, the HD group showed deformities affecting arches, spines and vertebral centra in the caudal region of the vertebral column. This study provides evidence of an effect of the rearing density on the development of different skeletal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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6
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Di Biagio C, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Boglione C. Skeletal variations in wild type medaka: Baseline studies on a biomedical model. Bone Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Pulcini D, Cataudella S, Boglione C, Russo T, Wheeler PA, Prestinicola L, Thorgaard GH. Testing the relationship between domestication and developmental instability in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Teleostei, Salmonidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Pulcini
- Biology Department; ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome; Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc 00133 Rome Italy
- Council for Research in Agriculture - Animal Production Centre; Via Salaria 31 00016 Monterotondo Italy
| | - Stefano Cataudella
- Biology Department; ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome; Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Clara Boglione
- Biology Department; ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome; Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Tommaso Russo
- Biology Department; ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome; Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Paul A. Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Loredana Prestinicola
- Biology Department; ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome; Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Gary H. Thorgaard
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
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Tancioni L, Caprioli R, Al-Khafaji AHD, Mancini L, Boglione C, Ciccotti E, Cataudella S. Gonadal disorder in the thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada, Risso 1827) as a biomarker of environmental stress in surface waters. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:1817-33. [PMID: 25664693 PMCID: PMC4344695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120201817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of gonadal alterations in the thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada) as a biological indicator in assessing aquatic ecosystems health, with particular emphasis to river ecosystems exposed to sewage discharges. For this purpose, the reproductive status and the presence of gonadal alterations were studied in 206 mullets collected from two sites on the low course of the Tiber River, downstream of a large urban sewage treatment plant and in the estuarine area, and from an uncontaminated pond considered as reference site. Intersex and irregularly shaped gonads were observed in 20.8% of the mullets from the most polluted site, and intersex gonads in 10.3% of those from the estuarine area. No alterations were detected in the fish from the reference site, which also showed distinct stages of gonadal development. Conversely, unclear stages of testicular and ovary development were observed in the fish from the two polluted river sites. The results of this study suggest that L. ramada may represent a sentinel species in environmental risk assessment and support the use of gonadal alterations of this species as a bioindicator for extensive monitoring of pollution in lower stretches of rivers and estuarine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tancioni
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome (RM), Via Cracovia 1 00134, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Caprioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy.
| | | | - Laura Mancini
- Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, National Institute of Health (ISS), Via Regina Elena 299, Roma (RM) 00181, Italy.
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome (RM), Via Cracovia 1 00134, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Ciccotti
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome (RM), Via Cracovia 1 00134, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cataudella
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome (RM), Via Cracovia 1 00134, Italy.
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Boglione C, Pulcini D, Scardi M, Palamara E, Russo T, Cataudella S. Skeletal anomaly monitoring in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) reared under different conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96983. [PMID: 24809347 PMCID: PMC4014595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skeletal anomalies could be used as an indicator of the “quality” of rearing conditions as these anomalies are thought to result from the inability of homeostatic mechanisms to compensate for environmentally-induced stress and/or altered genetic factors. Identification of rearing conditions that lower the rate of anomalies can be an important step toward profitable aquaculture as malformed market-size fish have to be discarded, thus reducing fish farmers’ profits. In this study, the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in adult rainbow trout grown under intensive and organic conditions was monitored. As organic aquaculture animal production is in its early stages, organic broodstock is not available in sufficient quantities. Non-organic juveniles could, therefore, be used for on-growing purposes in organic aquaculture production cycle. Thus, the adult fish analysed in this study experienced intensive conditions during juvenile rearing. Significant differences in the pattern of anomalies were detected between organically and intensively-ongrown specimens, although the occurrence of severe, commercially important anomalies, affecting 2–12.5% of individuals, was comparable in the two systems. Thus, organic aquaculture needs to be improved in order to significantly reduce the incidence of severe anomalies in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domitilla Pulcini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Council for Research in Agriculture - Animal Production Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Scardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Palamara
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Russo
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cataudella
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Prestinicola L, Boglione C, Makridis P, Spanò A, Rimatori V, Palamara E, Scardi M, Cataudella S. Environmental conditioning of skeletal anomalies typology and frequency in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) juveniles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55736. [PMID: 23409031 PMCID: PMC3567126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, 981 reared juveniles of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were analysed, 721 of which were from a commercial hatchery located in Northern Italy (Venice, Italy) and 260 from the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (Crete, Greece). These individuals were from 4 different egg batches, for a total of 10 different lots. Each egg batch was split into two lots after hatching, and reared with two different methodologies: intensive and semi-intensive. All fish were subjected to processing for skeletal anomaly and meristic count analysis. The aims involved: (1) quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing whether differences in skeletal elements arise between siblings and, if so, what they are; (2) investigating if any skeletal bone tissue/ossification is specifically affected by changing environmental rearing conditions; and (3) contributing to the identification of the best practices for gilthead seabream larval rearing in order to lower the deformity rates, without selections. The results obtained in this study highlighted that: i) in all the semi-intensive lots, the bones having intramembranous ossification showed a consistently lower incidence of anomalies; ii) the same clear pattern was not observed in the skeletal elements whose ossification process requires a cartilaginous precursor. It is thus possible to ameliorate the morphological quality (by reducing the incidence of severe skeletal anomalies and the variability in meristic counts of dermal bones) of reared seabream juveniles by lowering the stocking densities (maximum 16 larvae/L) and increasing the volume of the hatchery rearing tanks (minimum 40 m3). Feeding larvae with a wide variety of live (wild) preys seems further to improve juvenile skeletal quality. Additionally, analysis of the morphological quality of juveniles reared under two different semi-intensive conditions, Mesocosm and Large Volumes, highlighted a somewhat greater capacity of Large Volumes to significantly augment the gap with siblings reared in intensive (conventional) modality.
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Prestinicola L, Boglione C, Cataudella S. Effects on the skeleton development in reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:382-383. [PMID: 25141718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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12
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Russo T, Pulcini D, Costantini D, Pedreschi D, Palamara E, Boglione C, Cataudella S, Scardi M, Mariani S. “Right” or “wrong”? insights into the ecology of sidedness in european flounder, Platichthys flesus. J Morphol 2011; 273:337-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
LC1, a YIP5-derived plasmid containing a human DNA fragment with ARS activity in yeast, has been used to study the replication of ARS plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ARS plasmids carried in yeast hosts are normally mitotically unstable. In transformed cultures the fraction of cells that contain plasmid, measured by plating on selective media, is lower than would be expected from measured rates of plasmid loss. In the case of S. cerevisiae carrying either the plasmid LC1 or YRP17, the assay yields values of the order of 10-20% or 30-50% respectively. We have found that by doing a double nutritional upshift that involves conditioned medium and casamino acids, a population of cells can be defined that carry plasmid but are unable to grow on media that select for the plasmid marker. Thus the total fraction of cells that can be shown to contain plasmid increases to greater than 70%. To distinguish between the inability of plasmid to replicate in these cells and lack of expression of the selectable gene, cultures grown from single cells were analysed for the presence of plasmid DNA. In a substantial fraction of the population, plasmid DNA could be detected only by polymerase chain reaction and not by standard blotting and hybridization. These results suggest that plasmid is unable to replicate in these cells. Growth kinetics experiments with transformed cultures are consistent with the notion that only a small fraction of the cells contains plasmid capable of replication upon dilution into selective medium. Possible explanations for the phenomena observed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Universitá La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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