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Nozari Y, Park C, Brietzke E, Iacobucci M, Gill H, McIntyre RS. Correlation between improved leptin signaling and cognitive function post bariatric surgery. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:225-231. [PMID: 36736790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether changes in leptin signaling plays a role in the improvement of cognitive function post-bariatric surgery may aid in the understanding and development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting cognitive dysfunction through the greater understanding of processes connecting obesity and brain health. Several studies have explored the effects of cognition post bariatric surgery, and others have studied leptin and its changes post surgery. However the amalgamation of the effects of leptin signaling in relation to cognition post bariatric surgery have yet to be considered as key tools in the understanding of cognitive dysfunction in obese subjects with leptin resistance or insensitivity. This review serves to highlight the potential correlations, to further elucidate the effect of improved leptin signaling on cognition post bariatric surgery, and to propose a direct cause for the improvement of cognitive function via the amelioration of the leptin Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway as a result of the reversal of inflammatory processes involved in diseased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nozari
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto HBSc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - C Park
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto MSc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto HBSc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Leonardo S, Fregni F. Association of inflammation and cognition in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1069439. [PMID: 36815174 PMCID: PMC9939705 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1069439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be associated with an inflammatory process. Inflammatory cytokines may be a surrogate for systemic inflammation leading to worsening neurological function. We aim to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and inflammation by pooling and analyzing the data from previously published studies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective longitudinal and cross-sectional studies evaluating the relationship between inflammation and cognitive functions. Results A total of 79 articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) [Hedges's g 0.35, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55), p < 0.05], IL-1β [0.94, 95% CI (-0.04, 1.92), p < 0.05], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [0.46, 95% CI (0.05, 0.88), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.22, 95% CI (-0.24, 0.68), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.74, 95% CI (0.46, 1.02), p < 0.05] in AD compared to controls. Similarly, higher levels of IL-1β [0.17, 95% CI (0.05, 0.28), p < 0.05], IL-6 [0.13, 95% CI (0.08, 0.18), p < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.28, 95% CI (0.07, 0.49), p < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.21, 95% CI (0.05, 0.48), p < 0.05] was also observed in MCI vs. control samples. The data from longitudinal studies suggested that levels of IL-6 significantly increased the risk of cognitive decline [OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.13, 1.56)]. However, intermediate levels of IL-6 had no significant effect on the final clinical endpoint [OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.8, 1.32)]. Conclusion The data from cross-sectional studies suggest a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in AD and MCI as compared to controls. Moreover, data from longitudinal studies suggest that the risk of cognitive deterioration may increase by high IL-6 levels. According to our analysis, CRP, antichymotrypsin (ACT), Albumin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha may not be good surrogates for neurological degeneration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Leonardo
- Ph.D. Department, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, Guatemala,*Correspondence: Sofia Leonardo,
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Center for Neuromodulation and Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Feng L, Wang Y, Zeng D, Wang M, Duan X. Predictors of cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia: An updated meta-analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:497-506. [PMID: 36705073 PMCID: PMC10109353 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of overall peripheral inflammatory levels on cognitive function, we explored the relationship between established biomarkers of peripheral inflammation (circulating C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and cognitive decline by performing a review of observational studies and creating an updated summary. METHODS We included literatures exploring the relationship between peripheral levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α and subsequent cognitive decline, published until July 2022, by searching the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, and VIP databases. We used random-effects models to pool the odds ratios (ORs) for the risks of subsequent cognitive decline in older adults with high levels of peripheral inflammation. We initially screened out 501 literatures, of which only 17 were ultimately eligible. Overall, there were 19,516 older individuals included in our meta-analysis, and 2134 of them experienced subsequent cognitive change. RESULTS Individuals with high levels of peripheral inflammation may have 14% more chance to develop subsequent cognitive decline than those with low levels (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.27; p < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of cognitive decline was higher in individuals with high levels of IL-6. This study further demonstrates the link between systemic inflammation and cognitive status. INTERPRETATION Detecting CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in peripheral blood is necessary, as they may become effective indicators for forthcoming cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Daojun Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Marcinnò A, Gallo E, Roveta F, Boschi S, Grassini A, Rainero I, Rubino E. Decreased resistin plasmatic concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11738. [PMID: 36439765 PMCID: PMC9694389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a role for adipokines in ageing and in several age-related diseases. The purpose of our study was to further elucidate adipokines involvement in neurodegeneration, investigating adiponectin, leptin and resistin in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). We enrolled for the study 70 subjects: 26 AD, 21 FTD, and 23 with other neurological (but not neurodegenerative) conditions (CTR, control group). According to a standardized protocol, we measured adipokines plasmatic levels, blood parameters of glucidic and lipidic metabolism, ESR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neurodegeneration (beta-amyloid, total-Tau, phosphorylated-Tau) and anthropometric parameters. In comparison with control group, we found lower resistin concentrations in patients with dementia, and in particular in AD (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, AD relative risk was reduced by resistin, when controlling for sex, age and anthropometric/metabolic parameters (RR = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Considering CSF biomarkers, we found a direct correlation between resistin and Aβ1-42 CSF concentration in patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.50). Lower resistin characterized AD patients in our study and AD, but not FTD, diagnosis risk was found to be inversely associated with resistin when controlling for confounders. We hypothesize that resistin-linked metabolic profile has to be reconsidered and further investigated in AD. Adipose tissue has an endocrine function, releasing polypeptide hormones, the adipokines. Impairment of adipokines circulating levels has been shown in neurodegenerative dementias. We found lower resistin levels in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to control group. Resistin plasmatic levels correlated with liquoral amyloid β1-42 concentrations in dementia patients. Resistin could interact with amyloid β1-42 secretion and have a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Relationships between Inflammation and Age-Related Neurocognitive Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012573. [PMID: 36293430 PMCID: PMC9604276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and age-related neurocognitive changes is significant, which may relate to the age-related immune dysfunctions characterized by the senescence of immune cells and elevated inflammatory markers in the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms, including the development of vascular inflammation, neuroinflammation, organelle dysfunctions, abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and glymphatic dysfunctions as well as the role that the key molecules play in the immune-cognition interplay. We propose potential therapeutic pharmacological and behavioral strategies for ameliorating age-related neurocognitive changes associated with inflammation. Further research to decipher the multidimensional roles of chronic inflammation in normal and pathological aging processes will help unfold the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive disorders. The insight gained will lay the path for developing cost-effective preventative measures and the buffering or delaying of age-related neurocognitive decline.
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Tsoukalas D, Zlatian O, Mitroi M, Renieri E, Tsatsakis A, Izotov BN, Burada F, Sosoi S, Burada E, Buga AM, Rogoveanu I, Docea AO, Calina D. A Novel Nutraceutical Formulation Can Improve Motor Activity and Decrease the Stress Level in a Murine Model of Middle-Age Animals. J Clin Med 2021; 10:624. [PMID: 33562115 PMCID: PMC7915416 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a genetically programmed physiological process that is modulated by numerous environmental factors, associated with decreasing physiological function, decreasing reproductive rate and increasing age-related mortality rate. Maintaining mobility performance and physical function in the elderly is the main objective of the successful ageing concept. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) on motor activity and anxiety with the use of a murine model of old animals, as a means of providing proof for clinical use in the elderly, for enhancing physical strength and improving life quality. Eighteen Sprague Dawley 18 months old male rats were divided into three groups and received corn oil (the control group) or 1 capsule/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 1) or 2 capsules/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 2), for a period of 3 months. The Reverse supplement (Natural Doctor S.A, Athens, Greece) contains 9 mg Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C (200 mg as magnesium ascorbate), zinc (5 mg as zinc citrate), vitamin D3 (50 µg as cholecalciferol) per capsule. Before and after the treatment, the motor function and behavioral changes for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test and rotarod test. The supplementation with Reverse (Natural Doctor S.A) supplement can improve the locomotor activity in old rats in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by an increase in the latency to leave from the middle square, in the number of rearings in the open field test, in the time spent in the open arms and time spent in the center in the elevated plus-maze test and the latency to all in all three consecutive trials in the rotarod test. Stress also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, following the treatment with Reverse supplement, as was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of groomings at the open field test and time spent in the dark and the number of groomings at the elevated plus-maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinic for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece
- European Institute of Nutritional Medicine (E.I.Nu.M.), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Mitroi
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Boris Nikolaevich Izotov
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Florin Burada
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Sosoi
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Miller LM, Jenny NS, Rawlings AM, Arnold AM, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez OL, Odden MC. Sex Differences in the Association Between Pentraxin 3 and Cognitive Decline: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1523-1529. [PMID: 31808814 PMCID: PMC7357589 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein, in cognitive decline has been demonstrated; however, the role of vascular inflammation is less understood. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a novel marker of vascular inflammation. METHODS We followed adults 65 and older, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for up to 9 years (n = 1,547) in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We evaluated the relationship between PTX3 and change in cognitive function, measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE), and incident cognitive impairment (3MSE < 80). Mediation by CVD events, and effect modification by sex and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOE4) were also examined. RESULTS The average decline in 3MSE was 0.77 points per year. The association between PTX3 and change in 3MSE differed between women and men (p = .02). In the adjusted model, each standard deviation higher in PTX3 was associated with a 0.20 greater decline in 3MSE score per year in women over follow-up (95% CI: -0. 37, -0.03; p = .02), compared to no change in men (β = 0.07; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.22). CVD events had a minor effect on the associations. No effect modification by APOE4 was found, although we observed the association of PTX3 and cognitive impairment in women was attenuated and nonsignificant after adjustment for APOE4. There was a paradoxical protective association between PTX3 and reduced cognitive impairment in men, even after adjustment for APOE4. CONCLUSIONS We found that vascular inflammation was significantly associated with cognitive decline in older women, but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Miller
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, La Jolla
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Nancy S Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Andreea M Rawlings
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Departments of Family Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle C Odden
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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A novel biomarker of cardiometabolic pathology in schizophrenia? J Psychiatr Res 2019; 117:31-37. [PMID: 31276836 PMCID: PMC6707833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (PwS) have high rates of cardiometabolic pathology that contributes to premature mortality. Adiponectin is a metabolic hormone affecting insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and is active in the brain. High-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is considered a more sensitive marker of metabolic dysfunction than total adiponectin, but has been poorly studied in schizophrenia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 100 PwS, age range 26-68 years (46 women), and 93 age- and sex-comparable non-psychiatric comparison (NC) subjects. Assessments included measures of psychopathology, physical health, cognitive function, and circulating biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction (HMW adiponectin, lipids, insulin resistance) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or hs-CRP, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-10). RESULTS HMW adiponectin levels were lower in PwS compared to NCs. Lower HMW adiponectin levels were associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, higher number of metabolic syndrome criteria, greater insulin resistance, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher hs-CRP in both groups. Only in PwS, lower HMW adiponectin correlated with younger age. In the best-fit regression models of HMW adiponectin, lower levels were associated with lower HDL cholesterol and minority race/ethnicity in both groups; but with younger age, non-smoking, higher insulin resistance, and a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder only among PwS, and with male sex, better cognitive functioning, and higher hs-CRP levels in NCs only. DISCUSSION HMW adiponectin may be a promising biomarker of cardiometabolic health, especially among PwS. Adiponectin is a potential target for lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. Research on the possible role of HMW adiponectin in modifying cardiometabolic pathology in schizophrenia is needed.
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Association between plasma CCL11 (eotaxin-1) and cognitive status in older adults: Differences between rural and urban dwellers. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:173-179. [PMID: 30308289 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL11 has been implicated in age-related cognitive deterioration in mice, yet evidence on the relationship between CCL11 and cognitive function in humans is limited. This study explored associations between CCL11 and cognition in rural and urban community-dwelling older adults. Participants were 515 urban dwellers from the 3C-Bordeaux cohort and 318 rural dwellers from the AMI cohort. Plasma CCL11 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test scores were used as the main measure of cognitive performance. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the cross-sectional association between CCL11 and cognitive performance. CCL11 was significantly higher in rural dwellers compared to city dwellers (median [IQR]: 145 [115-201] pg/mL vs. 103 [85-129] pg/mL; p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, CCL11 was found to be negatively associated with cognitive performance in rural dwellers but not in city dwellers. These results suggest that CCL11 may be an independent determinant of cognitive function in older rural dwellers and that the residential environment modifies this association.
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Julian A, Rioux-Bilan A, Ragot S, Krolak-Salmon P, Berrut G, Dantoine T, Hommet C, Hanon O, Page G, Paccalin M. Blood Inflammatory Mediators and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: A Two Years Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:87-92. [PMID: 29614665 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammatory processes are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to determine whether plasma inflammatory mediator levels at diagnosis are associated with cognitive decline through a 2-year follow-up in AD patients. Patients (n = 109, mean age 79.44 (6.82) years) were included at diagnosis with MMSE scores between 16 and 25, with C-reactive protein <10 mg/L, and without any acute or chronic inflammation status. Plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL5 were measured using Luminex X-MAP technology at baseline, and after one year and two years of follow-up. The mean values of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL5 at diagnosis were 0.3, 1.94, 6.57, and 69,615.81 pg/mL, respectively. Mean cognitive decline in MMSE was 3.35 points. No correlation between plasmatic value of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, or CCL5 at diagnosis and cognitive decline during the two years of follow-up was found. Cognitive decline in AD does not appear to be predictable by the tested inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Julian
- Poitiers University Hospital, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, France.,Department of Neurology, Poitiers University Hospital, France.,University of Poitiers, EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutic of Alzheimer's disease, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Rioux-Bilan
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutic of Alzheimer's disease, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Poitiers University Hospital, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, France
| | | | - Gilles Berrut
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | | | - Caroline Hommet
- Tours University Hospital, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Department of Geriatrics, Paris Broca University Hospital, France
| | - Guylène Page
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutic of Alzheimer's disease, Poitiers, France
| | - Marc Paccalin
- Poitiers University Hospital, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, France.,University of Poitiers, EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutic of Alzheimer's disease, Poitiers, France.,Poitiers University Hospital, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Poitiers University Hospital, France
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11
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Chi GC, Fitzpatrick AL, Sharma M, Jenny NS, Lopez OL, DeKosky ST. Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Domain-Specific Cognitive Decline in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:796-803. [PMID: 27522059 PMCID: PMC5861845 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular risk factors, including inflammation, may contribute to dementia development. We investigated the associations between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline in five domains (memory, construction, language, psychomotor speed, and executive function). METHODS Community-dwelling older adults from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (n = 1,159, aged 75 or older) free of dementia at baseline were included and followed for up to 7 years. Ten biomarkers were measured at baseline representing different sources of inflammation: vascular inflammation (pentraxin 3 and serum amyloid P), endothelial function (endothelin-1), metabolic function (adiponectin, resistin, and plasminogen activating inhibitor-1), oxidative stress (receptor for advanced glycation end products), and general inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-2, and interleukin-10). A combined z-score was created from these biomarkers to represent total inflammation across these sources. We utilized generalized estimating equations that included an interaction term between z-scores and time to assess effect of inflammation on cognitive decline, adjusting for demographics (such as age, race/ethnicity, and sex), cardiovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status. A Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of .01 was used. We explored associations between individual biomarkers and cognitive decline without adjustment for multiplicity. RESULTS The combined inflammation z-score was significantly associated with memory and psychomotor speed (p < .01). Pentraxin 3, serum amyloid P, endothelin-1, and interleukin-2 were associated with change in at least one cognitive domain (p < .05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that total inflammation is associated with memory and psychomotor speed. In particular, systemic inflammation, vascular inflammation, and altered endothelial function may play roles in domain-specific cognitive decline of nondemented individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria C Chi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Monisha Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Nancy S Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Li D, Yu F. Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With and Without Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Gerontol Nurs 2017; 43:53-60. [PMID: 28556868 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20170519-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers may play an important role in the cognitive decline of aging and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, data from epidemiological studies present conflicting findings. The purpose of the current review was to systematically determine the current state of the science on the association between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline. Articles published from January 1, 2006 to October 28, 2016 were searched using the Medline and Embase databases. Nine studies met inclusion criteria (two examined participants with AD dementia and seven examined participants without dementia). Although a wide range of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers was examined, C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 were the most studied. Findings show conflicting results for the association between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline. Peripheral inflammation may harm and help the brain, and therefore, the challenge of modulating immunity will be to find ways of fine tuning inflammation to delay, prevent, or treat AD. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(12), 53-60.].
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Royall DR, Al-Rubaye S, Bishnoi R, Palmer RF. Few serum proteins mediate APOE's association with dementia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172268. [PMID: 28291794 PMCID: PMC5349443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The latent variable "δ" (for "dementia") appears to be uniquely responsible for the dementing aspects of cognitive impairment. Age, depression, gender and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele are independently associated with δ. In this analysis, we explore serum proteins as potential mediators of APOE's specific association with δ in a large, ethnically diverse longitudinal cohort, the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). APOE was associated only with C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Adiponectin (APN) and Amphiregulin (AREG), although the latter two's associations did not survive Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. All three proteins were associated with δ and had weak potential mediation effects on APOE's association with that construct. Our findings suggest that APOE's association with cognitive performance is specific to δ and partially mediated by serum inflammatory proteins. The majority of APOE's significant unadjusted effect on δ is unexplained. It may instead arise from direct central nervous system effects, possibly on native intelligence. If so, then APOE may exert a life-long influence over δ and therefore all-cause dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Royall
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- South Texas Veterans’ Health System Audie L. Murphy Division Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Safa Al-Rubaye
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ram Bishnoi
- Department of Psychiatry, the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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